{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026page=10"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":10,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":96,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Adult Girl Scouts, 1960/1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222"],"title_filing_ssi":"Adult Girl Scouts","title_ssm":["Adult Girl Scouts"],"title_tesim":["Adult Girl Scouts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adult Girl Scouts, 1960/1979"],"text":["Adult Girl Scouts, 1960/1979","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979","box 26","folder 38"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1979"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1960- 1979"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":691,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#221/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAward for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope, 1960/1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222"],"title_filing_ssi":"Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope","title_ssm":["Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope"],"title_tesim":["Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope, 1960/1979"],"text":["Adult Girl Scouts; not in envelope, 1960/1979","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979","box 26","folder 38"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1979"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1960- 1979"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":692,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#221/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAward for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c02"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Agenda,, 1953/1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIII: Religious Materials, 1893/1970","Subseries A: Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW), 1948/1970","Board of Directors"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Agenda,","title_ssm":["Agenda,"],"title_tesim":["Agenda,"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Agenda,, 1953/1970"],"text":["Agenda,, 1953/1970","Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIII: Religious Materials, 1893/1970","Subseries A: Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW), 1948/1970","Board of Directors","box 161"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIII: Religious Materials, 1893/1970","Subseries A: Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW), 1948/1970","Board of Directors"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XIII: Religious Materials, 1893/1970","Subseries A: Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW), 1948/1970","Board of Directors"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1970"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1953-1970"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":2428,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"containers_ssim":["box 161"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"_nest_path_":"/components#12/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c13_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training., 1946/1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04","parent_ssim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987","Papers and articles involving Practical Nursing."],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training.","title_ssm":["American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training."],"title_tesim":["American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training."],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training., 1946/1972"],"text":["American Nursing Association's Practical Nursing education and training., 1946/1972","Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987","Papers and articles involving Practical Nursing.","This folder includes training guidelines; course outlines all dealing with defining a curriculum for practical nursing.","box 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987","Papers and articles involving Practical Nursing."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987","Papers and articles involving Practical Nursing."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1946/1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1946-1972"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":40,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987"],"physdesc_tesim":["This folder includes training guidelines; course outlines all dealing with defining a curriculum for practical nursing."],"containers_ssim":["box 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_339.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00013.xml;query=russell;brand=default","title_filing_ssi":"Russell, Dorsye E., papers","title_ssm":["Dorsye E. Russell papers"],"title_tesim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942 -1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942 -1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987"],"text":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987","2001.Nov.16","/repositories/3/resources/339","Nurses -- Virginia.","Collection is open to research.","Records are arranged in chronological order.","Dorsye Russell was known as a pioneer in Virginia nursing. At a time when women were not expected to continue their education past a bachelor's degree, Russell earned her master's making her one of the most educated nurses in Virginia. Russell has the distinction of being the only woman to have been the president of three major nursing organizations within Virginia; The Virginia Nurses' Association, Virginia League for Nursing, and the Virginia Organization of Nurse Executives.","Russell was heavily involved with the Medical College of Virginia Foundation and the Nursing Division of the MCV Alumni Association. She was a teacher and administrator and her legacy is one of service to the institutions she served. She was an assistant professor in nursing at MCV as well as at Patrick Henry Community College where she established their nurse training curriculum. She was director of nursing at several Virginia hospitals including Mary Washington Hospital in Fredericksburg, Kings Daughter's Hospital in Staunton, and Lynchburg General Hospital in Lynchburg. She was appointed to the Governor's Committee on Nursing by Governor Mills Godwin in 1966. This Committee provided an accurate view of the challenges and needs of the nursing profession in Virginia at a time when it was most needed. From 1965 to 1975, Russell served on the State Board of Nursing.","Russell was also instrumental in establishing the Dorsye E. Russell Leadership Fund at MCV's School of Nursing in 1996. This endowment was envisioned to provide the needed funding for a course in professional organizational leadership and to make MCV a \"flagship school\" in Virginia. It is also intended to provide the skills needed for leadership within nursing associations.","Russell received many awards during her professional career, but the two most important were the Nancy Vance Award, the highest award given by the Virginia Nurses' Association in 1982, and just after her death, she was honored as one of the 50 pioneering nurses in Virginia. Though she never married and had no children, her legacy lives on in the organization she helped to build and the profession in which she worked. Russell is buried in Richmond's Hollywood cemetery. Her obituary can be found in the Fredericksburg Press Lance-Star.","Milestones:\n      03 Dec 1919: Born in Richmond, Virginia.\n      1938-1940: Attended College of William and Mary.\n      1943: Graduated, Medical College of Virginia. (BS, Nursing)\n      1945-1949: Faculty, Assistant Professor of Nursing, St. Philip School of Nursing, Medical College of Virginia.\n      1951: Graduated, Columbia University. (MA. Nursing Administration)\n      1956-1958: President of the Virginia League of Nursing.\n      1965-1970: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\n      1966-1970: President of the Virginia Nurses' Association.\n      1966-1969: Member of the Governor's Committee on Nursing (Virginia)\n      1970-1971: Asst. Professor of Nursing at Patrick Henry Comm. College.\n      1970-1975: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\n      1982: Awarded the Nancy Vance Award by the Virginia Nurses' Association.\n      1984: Awarded the Outstanding Nursing Alumni Award by the MCV Alumni Association.\n      05 Apr 2000: Died in Fredericksburg, Virginia.\n      03 May 2000: Honored as a Virginia Pioneering Nurse by the Virginia Nurses' Association.","This collection contains correspondence, meeting minutes, reports, essays and published materials dating from 1942 to 1987, with the bulk of material dated from 1968 - 1973. This material deals mainly with Russell's work with the Virginia Nursing Association in which she served as an officer and later President. Missing from the collection are things related to Russell's personal affairs.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association","Russell, Dorsye E.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987"],"collection_ssim":["Dorsye E. Russell papers, 1942/1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2001.Nov.16","/repositories/3/resources/339"],"unitid_tesim":["2001.Nov.16","/repositories/3/resources/339"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Russell, Dorsye E."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association"],"creators_ssim":["Russell, Dorsye E.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to the Tompkins-McCaw Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nurses -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nurses -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.9 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.9 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Records are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDorsye Russell was known as a pioneer in Virginia nursing. At a time when women were not expected to continue their education past a bachelor's degree, Russell earned her master's making her one of the most educated nurses in Virginia. Russell has the distinction of being the only woman to have been the president of three major nursing organizations within Virginia; The Virginia Nurses' Association, Virginia League for Nursing, and the Virginia Organization of Nurse Executives. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Russell was heavily involved with the Medical College of Virginia Foundation and the Nursing Division of the MCV Alumni Association. She was a teacher and administrator and her legacy is one of service to the institutions she served. She was an assistant professor in nursing at MCV as well as at Patrick Henry Community College where she established their nurse training curriculum. She was director of nursing at several Virginia hospitals including Mary Washington Hospital in Fredericksburg, Kings Daughter's Hospital in Staunton, and Lynchburg General Hospital in Lynchburg. She was appointed to the Governor's Committee on Nursing by Governor Mills Godwin in 1966. This Committee provided an accurate view of the challenges and needs of the nursing profession in Virginia at a time when it was most needed. From 1965 to 1975, Russell served on the State Board of Nursing. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Russell was also instrumental in establishing the Dorsye E. Russell Leadership Fund at MCV's School of Nursing in 1996. This endowment was envisioned to provide the needed funding for a course in professional organizational leadership and to make MCV a \"flagship school\" in Virginia. It is also intended to provide the skills needed for leadership within nursing associations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Russell received many awards during her professional career, but the two most important were the Nancy Vance Award, the highest award given by the Virginia Nurses' Association in 1982, and just after her death, she was honored as one of the 50 pioneering nurses in Virginia. Though she never married and had no children, her legacy lives on in the organization she helped to build and the profession in which she worked. Russell is buried in Richmond's Hollywood cemetery. Her obituary can be found in the Fredericksburg Press Lance-Star.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMilestones:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e03 Dec 1919: Born in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1938-1940: Attended College of William and Mary.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1943: Graduated, Medical College of Virginia. (BS, Nursing)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1945-1949: Faculty, Assistant Professor of Nursing, St. Philip School of Nursing, Medical College of Virginia.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1951: Graduated, Columbia University. (MA. Nursing Administration)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1956-1958: President of the Virginia League of Nursing.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1965-1970: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1966-1970: President of the Virginia Nurses' Association.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1966-1969: Member of the Governor's Committee on Nursing (Virginia)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1970-1971: Asst. Professor of Nursing at Patrick Henry Comm. College.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1970-1975: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1982: Awarded the Nancy Vance Award by the Virginia Nurses' Association.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e1984: Awarded the Outstanding Nursing Alumni Award by the MCV Alumni Association.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e05 Apr 2000: Died in Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e03 May 2000: Honored as a Virginia Pioneering Nurse by the Virginia Nurses' Association.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dorsye Russell was known as a pioneer in Virginia nursing. At a time when women were not expected to continue their education past a bachelor's degree, Russell earned her master's making her one of the most educated nurses in Virginia. Russell has the distinction of being the only woman to have been the president of three major nursing organizations within Virginia; The Virginia Nurses' Association, Virginia League for Nursing, and the Virginia Organization of Nurse Executives.","Russell was heavily involved with the Medical College of Virginia Foundation and the Nursing Division of the MCV Alumni Association. She was a teacher and administrator and her legacy is one of service to the institutions she served. She was an assistant professor in nursing at MCV as well as at Patrick Henry Community College where she established their nurse training curriculum. She was director of nursing at several Virginia hospitals including Mary Washington Hospital in Fredericksburg, Kings Daughter's Hospital in Staunton, and Lynchburg General Hospital in Lynchburg. She was appointed to the Governor's Committee on Nursing by Governor Mills Godwin in 1966. This Committee provided an accurate view of the challenges and needs of the nursing profession in Virginia at a time when it was most needed. From 1965 to 1975, Russell served on the State Board of Nursing.","Russell was also instrumental in establishing the Dorsye E. Russell Leadership Fund at MCV's School of Nursing in 1996. This endowment was envisioned to provide the needed funding for a course in professional organizational leadership and to make MCV a \"flagship school\" in Virginia. It is also intended to provide the skills needed for leadership within nursing associations.","Russell received many awards during her professional career, but the two most important were the Nancy Vance Award, the highest award given by the Virginia Nurses' Association in 1982, and just after her death, she was honored as one of the 50 pioneering nurses in Virginia. Though she never married and had no children, her legacy lives on in the organization she helped to build and the profession in which she worked. Russell is buried in Richmond's Hollywood cemetery. Her obituary can be found in the Fredericksburg Press Lance-Star.","Milestones:\n      03 Dec 1919: Born in Richmond, Virginia.\n      1938-1940: Attended College of William and Mary.\n      1943: Graduated, Medical College of Virginia. (BS, Nursing)\n      1945-1949: Faculty, Assistant Professor of Nursing, St. Philip School of Nursing, Medical College of Virginia.\n      1951: Graduated, Columbia University. (MA. Nursing Administration)\n      1956-1958: President of the Virginia League of Nursing.\n      1965-1970: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\n      1966-1970: President of the Virginia Nurses' Association.\n      1966-1969: Member of the Governor's Committee on Nursing (Virginia)\n      1970-1971: Asst. Professor of Nursing at Patrick Henry Comm. College.\n      1970-1975: Served as a Member of the Virginia State Board of Nursing.\n      1982: Awarded the Nancy Vance Award by the Virginia Nurses' Association.\n      1984: Awarded the Outstanding Nursing Alumni Award by the MCV Alumni Association.\n      05 Apr 2000: Died in Fredericksburg, Virginia.\n      03 May 2000: Honored as a Virginia Pioneering Nurse by the Virginia Nurses' Association."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDorsye E. Russell Collection, Accession #2001/Nov/16, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Dorsye E. Russell Collection, Accession #2001/Nov/16, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, meeting minutes, reports, essays and published materials dating from 1942 to 1987, with the bulk of material dated from 1968 - 1973. This material deals mainly with Russell's work with the Virginia Nursing Association in which she served as an officer and later President. Missing from the collection are things related to Russell's personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, meeting minutes, reports, essays and published materials dating from 1942 to 1987, with the bulk of material dated from 1968 - 1973. This material deals mainly with Russell's work with the Virginia Nursing Association in which she served as an officer and later President. Missing from the collection are things related to Russell's personal affairs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association","Russell, Dorsye E."],"persname_ssim":["Russell, Dorsye E."],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. School of Nursing","Virginia Nurses' Association","Russell, Dorsye E."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_339_c04_c03"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank, 1933/1972","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01","parent_ssim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986","Board of Pharmacy"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank","title_ssm":["Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank"],"title_tesim":["Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank, 1933/1972"],"text":["Bankbooks from State-Planters Bank, 1933/1972","Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986","Board of Pharmacy","box 1","This folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986","Board of Pharmacy"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986","Board of Pharmacy"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1972"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986"],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_22","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_22.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00020.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986"],"text":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986","2005.May.12","/repositories/3/resources/22","Archives.","Collection is open to research.","The records are arranged in chronological order.","The collection was donated due to the historical importance of the records. These are not the official records of the Virginia Department of Health Professions.","The Board of Pharmacy records consist of historical applications, as well as photographs of confiscated drugs. The Board of Nursing records consist of historical bylaws booklets and a report on the condition of nursing schools conducted in 1920.","This folder contains an alphabetical listing of the first 1500 registered pharmacists regulated by the Board as well as a copy of the Seal.","This folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy.","This folder contains applications for pharmaceutical license. Each application has supporting documentation attached, like statements to work experience and character.","This folder contains several photographs and a scrapbook.","Pictured are C.B. Fleet, Robert Brydon, E. R. Beckwith, J. W. Pierce. Beckwith and Brydon were original members.","Each entry has a photograph and caption.","This folder contains several prescriptions from doctors in Salem and Roanoke, Virginia.","This series consist of documents and correspondence of the Virginia Board of Nursing.","This folder contains bylaws, congressional legislation, and updates. The bulk of this folder is the yearly bylaw booklets.","This folder contains the proceedings of a report of all the nurse training programs through the state. Also contains the correspondence this report created within the Schools.","This folder contains various documents regarding the Board of Nursing. Included are supply order forms, lists of nursing training hospitals, and other evaluation forms.","This folder contains letters and papers of a personal nature from Ethel Smith, Julia Mellichamp, and R. V. Blankinship. All were early Board of Nursing members. Mellichamp and Smith were the first two leaders of the Board.","This folder contains the Annual and Financial reports of the Board of Nursing","This folder contains rules for practical nurses, licenses for Certified Tuberculosis Nurses, and a listing of Board members.","This folder includes the paperwork on the first nurse and practical nurse to be registered in Virginia.","This bulk of this folder contains regulation booklets from 1917-1966 as well as a 1964 Report to the State Council n Education.","This folder contains several booklets on various subjects and concerns of the State Board.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia. State Board of Examiners of Nurses","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards","Virginia. Department of Health Professions","Virginia. Board of Pharmacy","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions historical collection, 1917/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2005.May.12","/repositories/3/resources/22"],"unitid_tesim":["2005.May.12","/repositories/3/resources/22"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. State Board of Examiners of Nurses","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards","Virginia. Department of Health Professions"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. State Board of Examiners of Nurses","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards","Virginia. Department of Health Professions"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia. 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Department of Health Regulatory Boards -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Virginia Department of Health Professions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archives."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Linear Feet 12 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Linear Feet 12 items"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated due to the historical importance of the records. These are not the official records of the Virginia Department of Health Professions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection was donated due to the historical importance of the records. These are not the official records of the Virginia Department of Health Professions."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Department of Health Professions Historical Collection, Accession #2005/May/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Collection, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Department of Health Professions Historical Collection, Accession #2005/May/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Collection, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Board of Pharmacy records consist of historical applications, as well as photographs of confiscated drugs. The Board of Nursing records consist of historical bylaws booklets and a report on the condition of nursing schools conducted in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains an alphabetical listing of the first 1500 registered pharmacists regulated by the Board as well as a copy of the Seal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains applications for pharmaceutical license. Each application has supporting documentation attached, like statements to work experience and character.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains several photographs and a scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are C.B. Fleet, Robert Brydon, E. R. Beckwith, J. W. Pierce. Beckwith and Brydon were original members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach entry has a photograph and caption.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains several prescriptions from doctors in Salem and Roanoke, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consist of documents and correspondence of the Virginia Board of Nursing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains bylaws, congressional legislation, and updates. The bulk of this folder is the yearly bylaw booklets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains the proceedings of a report of all the nurse training programs through the state. Also contains the correspondence this report created within the Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various documents regarding the Board of Nursing. Included are supply order forms, lists of nursing training hospitals, and other evaluation forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains letters and papers of a personal nature from Ethel Smith, Julia Mellichamp, and R. V. Blankinship. All were early Board of Nursing members. Mellichamp and Smith were the first two leaders of the Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains the Annual and Financial reports of the Board of Nursing\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains rules for practical nurses, licenses for Certified Tuberculosis Nurses, and a listing of Board members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes the paperwork on the first nurse and practical nurse to be registered in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis bulk of this folder contains regulation booklets from 1917-1966 as well as a 1964 Report to the State Council n Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains several booklets on various subjects and concerns of the State Board.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Board of Pharmacy records consist of historical applications, as well as photographs of confiscated drugs. The Board of Nursing records consist of historical bylaws booklets and a report on the condition of nursing schools conducted in 1920.","This folder contains an alphabetical listing of the first 1500 registered pharmacists regulated by the Board as well as a copy of the Seal.","This folder contains bankbooks that list the financial security of the State Board of Pharmacy.","This folder contains applications for pharmaceutical license. Each application has supporting documentation attached, like statements to work experience and character.","This folder contains several photographs and a scrapbook.","Pictured are C.B. Fleet, Robert Brydon, E. R. Beckwith, J. W. Pierce. Beckwith and Brydon were original members.","Each entry has a photograph and caption.","This folder contains several prescriptions from doctors in Salem and Roanoke, Virginia.","This series consist of documents and correspondence of the Virginia Board of Nursing.","This folder contains bylaws, congressional legislation, and updates. The bulk of this folder is the yearly bylaw booklets.","This folder contains the proceedings of a report of all the nurse training programs through the state. Also contains the correspondence this report created within the Schools.","This folder contains various documents regarding the Board of Nursing. Included are supply order forms, lists of nursing training hospitals, and other evaluation forms.","This folder contains letters and papers of a personal nature from Ethel Smith, Julia Mellichamp, and R. V. Blankinship. All were early Board of Nursing members. Mellichamp and Smith were the first two leaders of the Board.","This folder contains the Annual and Financial reports of the Board of Nursing","This folder contains rules for practical nurses, licenses for Certified Tuberculosis Nurses, and a listing of Board members.","This folder includes the paperwork on the first nurse and practical nurse to be registered in Virginia.","This bulk of this folder contains regulation booklets from 1917-1966 as well as a 1964 Report to the State Council n Education.","This folder contains several booklets on various subjects and concerns of the State Board."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia. State Board of Examiners of Nurses","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards","Virginia. Department of Health Professions","Virginia. Board of Pharmacy","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. Board of Pharmacy","Virginia. Department of Health Professions","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia. State Board of Examiners of Nurses","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards","Virginia. Department of Health Professions","Virginia. Board of Pharmacy","Virginia. Department of Health Regulatory Boards -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:20.598Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_22_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Be-In at Monroe Park Reel, 1969","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4- -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02","parent_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Be-In at Monroe Park Reel","title_ssm":["Be-In at Monroe Park Reel"],"title_tesim":["Be-In at Monroe Park Reel"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Be-In at Monroe Park Reel, 1969"],"text":["Be-In at Monroe Park Reel, 1969","Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1969-04-01"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":35,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"extent_ssm":["1 Items"],"extent_tesim":["1 Items"],"physfacet_tesim":["Super 8mm"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information"],"date_range_isim":[1969],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#22","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_648.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/648","title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"text":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648","Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs","The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.","Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.","The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.","The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant","There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"unitid_tesim":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"creators_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University acquired the collection from David Jackson in 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"extent_tesim":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"genreform_ssim":["Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/rpd_films/\"\u003eVCU Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Film and Audio Reels\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDetective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Professional Organizations and Service\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the \u003cem\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/em\u003e three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e which took place on April 30, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, September 15, 1965).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgios\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-mgouibnCs\u0026amp;ab_channel=MSNBC\"\u003e via Youtube.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026amp; Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026amp; March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026amp; White\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, April 1, 1962).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant"],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_a2d9eced82b78ccfab522b0fa04d8050\"\u003eThere are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c23"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Black Junior Troop 551, 1965/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222"],"title_filing_ssi":"Black Junior Troop 551","title_ssm":["Black Junior Troop 551"],"title_tesim":["Black Junior Troop 551"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Junior Troop 551, 1965/1975"],"text":["Black Junior Troop 551, 1965/1975","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979","box 26","folder 38"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/1975"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1965-1975"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":696,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#221/components#5","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAward for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c06"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman), 1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01","parent_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 1: Audio recordings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman)","title_ssm":["Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman)"],"title_tesim":["Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman), 1969"],"text":["Black Manefesto [sic] Rev. Carpenter (Councilman), 1969","Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 1: Audio recordings","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 1: Audio recordings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 1: Audio recordings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1969"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"extent_ssm":["1 Items"],"extent_tesim":["1 Items"],"physfacet_tesim":["6.35 mm tape"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_648.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/648","title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"text":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648","Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs","The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.","Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.","The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.","The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant","There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"unitid_tesim":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"creators_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University acquired the collection from David Jackson in 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"extent_tesim":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"genreform_ssim":["Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/rpd_films/\"\u003eVCU Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Film and Audio Reels\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDetective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Professional Organizations and Service\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the \u003cem\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/em\u003e three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e which took place on April 30, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, September 15, 1965).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgios\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-mgouibnCs\u0026amp;ab_channel=MSNBC\"\u003e via Youtube.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026amp; Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026amp; March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026amp; White\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, April 1, 1962).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant"],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_a2d9eced82b78ccfab522b0fa04d8050\"\u003eThere are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel, 1969","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02","parent_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel","title_ssm":["Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel"],"title_tesim":["Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel, 1969"],"text":["Black Panther Party and Young Patriot Press Conference in Monroe Park Reel, 1969","Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","Series 2: Film recordings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1969-09-16"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":36,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"extent_ssm":["1 Items"],"extent_tesim":["1 Items"],"physfacet_tesim":["16mm"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information"],"date_range_isim":[1969],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#23","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_648","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_648.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/648","title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"text":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975","M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648","Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs","The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.","Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.","The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.","The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant","There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Police Department Surveillance collection, 1961/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"unitid_tesim":["M 571","/repositories/5/resources/648"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"creators_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University acquired the collection from David Jackson in 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Police patrol -- Surveillance operations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Demonstrations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Protest movements -- Virginia -- Richmond","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"extent_tesim":["169 Items 156 films and 13 audio reels","9.4 Linear Feet 12 cd boxes, 2 flat file boxes, and 3 document cases."],"genreform_ssim":["Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of some of the films and personal information cards. Films of public activities in public spaces, which constitute the majority of the films, are available through the VCU Libraries Digtial Collections. Films where the subjects were unaware they were being recorded are not available online. Those films can only be accessed in the Special Collections reading room at James Branch Cabell Library.  When this is the case, the item will state \"For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.\"","Box 18, Personal Identification Cards is restricted for privacy reasons. Researchers may be able to access the information in an anonymized way. Please contact VCU SCA for more information","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance.","For access to this digital file, please consult Special Collections and Archives staff for assistance."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/rpd_films/\"\u003eVCU Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Access copies of the majority of the audio and film reels and the transcripts are available via VCU Libraries Digital Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Film and Audio Reels\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Audio Recordings","Series 2: Film Recordings","Series 3: Film and Audio Reels","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the turbulent years of the 1960s and 1970s, the Richmond, VA police department surveilled groups, people, and events they determined to be subversive, counter-cultural, or threatening. Most of the films were taken at public events, with officers filming from the street-level sidelines or even embedded in the event. There are other instances where police are covertly filming people entering private homes or secret events from higher or hidden vantage points. The footage they took are considered general-investigatory, non-evidential, non-permanent records. While it appears the department was primarily focused on the Civil Rights, Black Power, Women's Rights, and Anti-War movements, they also surveilled those involved with the White Power and anti-integration movements."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDetective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Detective Ricky Duling maintained these materials after retirement. After his death they were given to David Jackson, who transferred them to VCU Libraries."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The film and audio reels have been digitzed for use. Digitized files need a computer or other internet-enabled device to access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond Police Surveillance collection, 1961-1975, Collection # M 571, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Audio Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Film Recordings\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Professional Organizations and Service\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the \u003cem\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/em\u003e three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e which took place on April 30, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, September 15, 1965).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Georgios\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-mgouibnCs\u0026amp;ab_channel=MSNBC\"\u003e via Youtube.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026amp; Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026amp; March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026amp; White\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, April 1, 1962).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains film and audio reels pertaining to civil rights and other activities in the 1960s and 1970s in Richmond, Virginia, and surrounding states. These include the H. Rap Brown trial, Lincoln Memorial Peace March, the Martin Luther King memorial at the Virginia State Capitol, Anti-Bussing protests, the Poor People's Campaign, student protest marches, surveillance of the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the National Socialist White People's Party, and illegal abortion providers. There are also reels of police training videos, retirement parties, and the 1969 flood. In addition to the film and audio reels, there are also photographs of many of the events recorded on film reels, as well as Personal Information Cards.","Series 1: Audio Recordings","Digital copies of audio recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 2: Film Recordings","Digital copies of film recordings, arranged alphabetically.","Series 3: Professional Organizations and Service","Original film and audio reels. Arranged numerically by VCU-assigned reel number. For which digitized reel they correspond to, please contact Special Collections and Archives to see the inventory.","Series 4: Photographs and Personal Information Cards","Photographs taken by the Richmond Police documenting protests, marches, \"undesireable\" people, movements, or places, locations, and other events. Unfortunately, these events remain unidentified except by the roll of film number, with no key indicating what the images are of. As such, the photographs are arranged numerically by the police-assigned roll number.","Personal Information Cards contain information on individual people being surveilled by police. This can include their address, what they are being surveilled for, and their employment, among other things. They remain in the order in which they were recieved, which is no particular order.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and feb. 16, 1968, #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16 1968, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. Individuals are shown in the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic], 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Aboration [sic] 614 W. 31st. St. between last of Jan. 1968 and Feb. 16, 1968, #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:40; DESCRIPTION: Police surveillance footage of an alleged abortion clinic in a residential home at 614 W. 31st St. in Richmond, Virginia. This footage was recorded between January 31 and February 16, 1968, at a time where abortion was not legal in Virginia outside of emergency situations to save the life of the parent. No individuals are shown in this footage","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an American Nazi Party rally in Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C. There is footage of speakers, including John Patler, and panning shots of the crowd.","TITLE ON REEL:Det. Burton; RUNTIME: 00:03:10; DESCRIPTION: This real contains footage of a protest in opposition to the Vietnam War in front of the Richmond Federal Building in downtown Richmond on April 29, 1967. About 100 individuals participated in the march. Individuals march holding signs or flowers, wearing business clothing. Several children participate in the march as well. Towards the middle of the reel, there is footage of a pro-war counterprotest of approximately seven individuals.","TITLE ON REEL:Bussing Picket- Belvidere St. / Grove Ave. 1100 Block taken 10-14-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen adults and children, all of whom appear to be white, protesting against school desegregation busing in Belvidere Street near the Virginia War Memorial on August 22, 1970. It also contains aerial footage of the Monroe Park area of Richmond filmed on October 14, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-Bussing, Skinny Morrisett's Parade, 8-29-70, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators gathering in Monroe Park, leaving Monroe Park, marching in downtown Richmond, and approaching the Virginia State Capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-bussing, Skinny Morrisett's parade, 8-29-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 250 individuals protesting school desegregation via busing in downtown Richmond. This protest appears to be majority white, though there are participants who are people of color, both adults and children. This footage shows demonstrators marching at the the Virginia State Capitol grounds, as well as a car protest leaving Skinny's Kitchen in southern Richmond.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-13-62, Anti-Bussing Meeting Mosque Rev. J.B. Book, 8-28-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:33; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a rally against school desegregation busing organized by Reverend John B. Book of the Southside Christian Church the Mosque (now the Altria Theater) in Richmond, Virginia, held on August 28, 1970. Footage includes Book and several other speakers on the stage. ; NOTE: This footage is in black and white. The reel has the date April 13, 1962, which might indicate that is when the film was started but was not concluded until the second date, August 28, 1970. This may account for why this film is in black and white when most films from this year are in color.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:18; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the gathering of individuals who will participate in a day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage follows individuals and groups arriving for the picket, walking back and forth in front of the building. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Towards the end of the video, the individuals preparing the picket notice the camera and gesture toward it. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from across the street and above. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators and communicating with another individual filming the picketers.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others. The footage is filmed from the street and steps of the Station. At one point, one of the picketers is detained by a uniformed individual and led away. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, but not in the group of demonstrators. One Black individual is seen photographing the demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti draft [sic] protest, 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Antidraft [sic] protest; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the day-time picket at the Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station at 11th and Main Streets. Most footage is of the picket, showing individuals walking in a large oval on the sidewalk. Some building workers are seen--potential security and others.  The footage is filmed from across the street and above. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft [sic] protest 3-19-70; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 150 individuals gathering for a march from Monroe Park to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible, then the march begins. The second half of the reel is of individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft Protest, 3-19-70, Rich Police ID, 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals marching to the Federal Building at 8th and Marshall Streets. Individuals and their signs are visible. The last part of the reel shows individuals from the protest leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti Draft protest 3-19-70, Rich. Police I.D., 649-4811 [phone number]; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of several dozen individuals leaving the Federal Building after a sit-in. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout, including in the group of demonstrators.; NOTE: The order of the eight reels from this day of protests was determined by the Digital Initiatives Librarian using newspaper reports from the day, as well as other indicators of time in the footage. It may not be accurate to the order the footage was filmed in.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C. protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan's A.B.C., protest march of open housing in front of Jefferson Hotel, short strip of Dianne Sugg. 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of white individuals protesting against a conference on fair housing in front of the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, Virginia on April 6, 1968. There are approximately ten individuals in the protest.; NOTE: While language on the original reel refers to the \"Klan\", most likely the Ku Klux Klan, there is no information in the reel or in newspaper reporting of the protest that identifies protestors as Klan members. Newspapers at the time referred to the group as segregationists.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #11], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a daytime anti-Vietnam War picket protest in front of the United States White House held on November 27, 2965. Most individuals appear to be white, though individuals of other races can be seen throughout. Footage focuses on those picketing, with specific emphasis on potential protest coordinators who wear orange armbands. Also included is footage of cars, police officers, and counter-protestors.","TITLE ON REEL:Be-In, Monroe Park, 4-  -69 [date missing], Police I.D. (Burton), [Sat.?]; RUNTIME: 00:03:41; DESCRIPTION: This reels contains footage of a crowd of individuals at an event labeled as a \"Be-In\" on the reel in Monroe Park, likely on April 27, 1969. Individuals sit on the grass, listen to a band playing in front of the Checkers House.","TITLE ON REEL:In Park, 9-16-69, 1:30 am, I; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a press conference in Monroe Park on September 16, 1969. Speaking at the press conference were Bob Lee, field secretary of the Black Panther Party of Illinois, and Bill Fesperman, field secretary of the Young Patriots Organization. The reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park, as well as footage of Lee and Fesperman near the fountain with a journalist, and individuals watching the press conference.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Headquarters #8 E. Baker Street, 11-25-70, [0?]1005-1335; RUNTIME: 00:04:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of individuals exiting and entering the Black Panther Party Information Center at 8 E. Baker Street in Richmond, Virginia, on November 25, 1970. The house has a large Black Panther banner on the front porch railing, and an article with the address appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch three days prior to this recording. It appears the BPP members were aware they were being surveilled, although the video is filmed from a distance.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes debris in the camera gate and a camera registration error, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once.","TITLE ON REEL:30 April 70, Black Panther Visit to VCU, Ogden, et al; RUNTIME: 00:04:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is footage filmed in the park, and footage of individuals outside of Rhoads Hall on Franklin Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther meeting Monroe Park 4-29-70 / William and Mary students Induction Center 5-11-1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:08; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park for what was advertised as a Black Panther Party press conference on April 30, 1970. There is also footage of College of William and Mary students picketing the draft at the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War, on May 11, 1970.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled April 29, 1970, this is likely the meeting covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on April 30, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan - Raid; RUNTIME: 00:04:53; DESCRIPTION: Undated police surveillance of unknown business during the daytime. Mostly individuals entering and leaving business. Suspected raid footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Col. Wright's Ret. Party Police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr. from the Richmond Police Department. Wright worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via theLibrary of Virginia. An announcement of Wright's retirement ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:Chief - Colonel Wright's ret. party at police Hdq., Dec. 29, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: Footage of a retirement celebration for three individuals from the Richmond Police Department. The only named individual on the reel is Chief Col. John M. Wright Jr., who worked in the department from 1920 to 1967. The Wright Family Papers are available via the Library of Virginia. Two other individuals also appear to be receiving accolades and gifts in the reel. One is Mary P. Phillips, who worked as executive secretary to Chief Wright and his predecessor Chief O.D. Garton. An announcement of their retirements ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on October 3, 1967. The second is Detective Sgt. Clifford L. Brown, a homocide investigator. An announcement of this event ran in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on December 30, 1967. Their order of appearance in the footage is Wright, Phillips, Brown.","TITLE ON REEL:Richmond Police, 3-19-34, [Colemans?] + 2501 W. Main St.","TITLE ON REEL:4-12-62, Finished","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #12], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of former United States of America President Dwight D. Eisenhower visiting the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond on September 14, 1965. Eisenhower was in Virginia supporting the campaign of Linwood Holton for Virginia Governor. During the trip, he spoke to a 6,000 person rally at the South Portico on the Virginia State Capitol grounds, attended a 500 person luncheon at the Hotel John Marshall, and laid a wreathe at the World War II Memorial--now the Virginia War Memorial--with Virginia Adjutant General Major General Paul M. Booth, chairman of the World War II Memorial Commission John J. Wicker Jr., as well as Dr. Louis H. Williams, Robert P. Buford, and Holton and his wife Virginia Harrison \"Jinks\" Rogers Holton (Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 15, 1965).","TITLE ON REEL:1st day at Free University, 9-16-69, III","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #2]","TITLE ON REEL:Panther Meeting, Laurel St., Free University, 9-17-69, Police I.D.","TITLE ON REEL:Black Panther Meeting, Free University, IV Free University 2nd Day, 9-17-69, Police I.D","TITLE ON REEL:Lab. Day Caplan Colemans, Richmond Police, 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgies; RUNTIME: 00:03:44","TITLE ON REEL:Georges, 7-13-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: George's Place was located at 17 W Grace St.","TITLE ON REEL:Georgio's; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION:","TITLE ON REEL:Georgios","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, City Jail- I.D., Bureau Police I.D., #28 (2); RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of cars parked on streets, police officers at Richmond City Jail, and protestors in front of the jail on September 15, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland. Another angle of this footage is available \n via Youtube.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown September 15-18, 1967, Post Office- Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage protestors in front of the Richmond City Jail on September 15, 1967, as well as footage outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967. Individuals protested the jailing of Black power activist H. Rap Brown as he fought extradition to Maryland.","TITLE ON REEL:H. Rap Brown, September 15-18, 1967, Post Office* Trial; RUNTIME: 00:03:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's habeas corpus hearing on September 16, 1967.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968, Friday, Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post office Bldg., Federal Court; (1) #25, H Rap Brown, 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of individuals approaching, entering, and leaving the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown Post Office Bldg., Federal Court; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as individuals speaking with the press. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court., Police I.D. (Burton), 2-23-68; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage of an individual, likely Brown's attorney Charles Mangum, speaking with the press, as well as various individuals gathered at the courthouse after the ruling. It ends with footage following a specific car on the highway.","TITLE ON REEL:[illegible writing on masking tape], 2/23/68; RUNTIME: 00:07:00; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's hearing in regards to his $10,000 bond in Virginia on February 23, 1968.  At the February 23 hearing, Brown's bond was revoked and he was ordered to return to New Orleans to face federal charges. This reel contains footage individuals leaving the courthouse, as well as Brown's attorney William M. Kunstler giving remarks to the press. It ends with footage of Brown leaving the courthouse.; NOTE: This reel has sound.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown trial, April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's hearing at Main St. Post Office, Eddie Slater, Dianne Sugg, Bruce Smith \u0026 Boy from RAM. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:31; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office, 4-6-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown Trial April 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:59; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse.","TITLE ON REEL:Rap Brown's Hearing at Main Street Post Office. 4-8-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond City Courthouse (known as the United States Post Office and Customhouse) from H. Rap Brown's bond hearing on April 8, 1968. Brown had been transferred from New Orleans to Richmond the previous day, and according to papers looked emaciated and limped into the courtroom, as he had just ended a hunger strike. Judge Merhige denied the bond. There was a heavy presence of Richmond police and state troopers both inside and outside the courthouse, likely due to ongoing unrest following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. four days prior. This reel contains footage of individuals outside the courthouse. The end of the footage, the camera follows several cars on a highway and continues to film them while parked. It is likely this is footage from April 11, 1968, when previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture) traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing on that day. Footage on Reel #13 in this collection matches this footage and is labeled \"Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory in Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68\".","TITLE ON REEL:Stokely Carmichael and his group at the federal reformatory, Petersbug, VA, 4-11-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:48; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Federal Reformatory in Petersburg, VA, on April 11, 1968, where H. Rap Brown was being held after the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected his bond request. The footage films several cars and individuals in them, including previous SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael (who later changed his name to Kwame Ture), who traveled to Richmond for Brown's hearing. There is also footage at an unidentified gas station.","TITLE ON REEL:February 23, 1968 (Friday), Trial of H. Rap Brown, Post Office Bldg., Federal Court, Police I.D. (Burton)","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood Area; RUNTIME: 00:04:17; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of flooded areas on the north side of the Mayo Bridge at 14th Street and Dock Street, as well as footage on Main Street at 15th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Blvd. Bridge during flood, flood area, 8-22-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Boulevard Bridge and perhaps the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:8-22-69, Flood area, Lee Bridge (bad places); RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the James River after Hurricane Camille, filmed from the Lee Bridge. There is also footage of Hull Street near the Mayo Bridge.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan Parade, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals participating in a Ku Klux Klan car caravan in the Richmond area. Cars drive down two unidentified streets, with United States of America and/or Confederate flags on their cars. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 9, 1967. ; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and debris in the camera gate, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a \"bleeding\" effect for bright lights.","TITLE ON REEL:Klan parade; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in a parking lot, where two individuals receive and inspect Ku Klux Klan robes. The footage is undated, and appears to be filmed in a parking lot near 521 E. Southside Plaza in Richmond, Virginia. However, it appears that this group was preparing for a march in downtown Richmond and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds reported to have occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #9] I, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:49; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods (with their faces showing) marching on Broad Street and at the Virginia State Capitol grounds. The footage is undated, however it appears that this occurred on July 8, 1967. Some group members appear in both reels of the event. The final clips of the footage appear to be from the March on the Pentagon on October 21, 1967.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:KKK, 6-11-66; RUNTIME: 00:04:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals wearing Ku Klux Klan robes and hoods in an unidentified location on June 11, 1966. The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes a camera registration issue, as well as frames not being properly aligned to perforations, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April '71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of M.L. King's Death, scenes along US #1.; RUNTIME: 00:04:15; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of approximately 100 individuals marching along the roadside of U.S. Route 1 in Virginia (somewhere between Petersburg and Richmond, likely closer to Richmond) on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression in Richmond. The crowd in this part of the march appears to grow as the footage follows them.","TITLE ON REEL:Victory March; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:3 April 71, March Against Opression [sic], Commeration [sic] of Martin L. King's Death, State Capitol \u0026 March from Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals marching in Richmond, primarily on Franklin Street, on April 3, 1971. They were on their way to an event in commemoration of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and against war, racism, and repression at the Virginia State Capitol. The final part of the reel is footage of the crowd on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22, 1967 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool.","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial Peace March, Washington, D.C., October 21-22 1967, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: Please note, this footage contains protest signs that include photographs of human corpses. Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd near the Lincoln Memorial and around the Reflecting Pool. It also contains footage of a counter-protest and of speakers at a podium.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:41; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting and a camera registration issue, which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout","TITLE ON REEL:Lincoln Memorial March, Wash., D.C., Oct. 21-22, 1967, #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:44; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. It also contains footage of the crowd marching from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes ghosting which leads to footage looking blurry.","TITLE ON REEL:March Wash D.C., Oct. 21-22 1967, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: Footage filmed at the Pentagon and Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. on October 21, 1967, of a demonstration against the Vietnam War. This reel contains footage of the crowd in both locations.; NOTE: The original 16mm film reel has damage which translated to the digitized copy presented here. The damage includes the camera gate slipping which leads to \"jumps\" in footage or multiple frames being seen at once, as well as a soft focus throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial held for Martin Luther King at State Capitol 4-7-68 [2]; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Memorial for Martin Luther King held at State Capitol. 4-7-68; RUNTIME: 00:03:27; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a gathering at the Virginia State Capitol on April 7, 1968, in mourning of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4. The majority of individuals wear dress clothes/church clothes. The crowd is made of a majority of Black individuals, though individuals of various races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Parade, April 69; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial March - Apr. 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals leave Monroe Park marching in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Kings [sic] Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, individuals gather in Monroe Park preparing to march in the rain, and then march down what appears to be Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Martin Luther King Memorial, April 4, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: Footage of the April 4, 1969 Memorial March for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. In this reel, marchers gather at the steps of the Virginia State Capitol, with some speakers gathering under the portico. Then the crowd disperses.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day Monroe Park 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals gathered for discussion groups, and later on sit and stand while listening to a speaker on a stage in the park.","TITLE ON REEL:Peace March #2, Union Group, 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:21; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Individuals are seen gathered in the park near the Checkers House. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, demonstrators leaving Monroe Park, and speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, Monroe Park + Capitol, 69, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several speakers on a stage in the park, speakers at the Virginia State Capitol Building, and the crowd of demonstrators gathering on the capitol grounds.","TITLE ON REEL:10-15-69, Peace March Monroe Park, City Hall, State Capitol, #3; RUNTIME: 00:04:28; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes several at the Virginia State Capitol Building, the crowd of demonstrators on the capitol grounds, the crowd dispersing from the grounds, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall, the crowd walking down Broad Street, and a small gathering at Monroe Park.","TITLE ON REEL:Moratorium Day, City Hall, 69; RUNTIME: 00:03:44; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered in Monroe Park on October 15, 1969 for the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Footage includes a short clip at the Virginia State Capitol Building, a smaller demonstration at Richmond City Hall and the police dispersal of it, and the crowd walking down Broad Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-school consolidation motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 72, Fair Grounds written on film ; RUNTIME: 00:04:23; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The cars are primarily filmed leaving the State Fairgrounds on Laburnum Avenue. Car license plates are filmed, as well as a uniformed officer and other individuals directing traffic and speaking with one another outside of cars.; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 24, 1972, the motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. took place on February 17, 1972.","TITLE ON REEL:Anti-School Consolidation Motorcade to Washington, 24 Feb. 1972, Bureau of Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:07; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains a footage of cars in the February 17, 1972 motorcade from Richmond to Washington, D.C. opposing the consolidation of schools for integration. The beginning of the reel films the motorcade on the highway to Washington D.C. The rest of the reel films cars in the motorcade turning left at the intersection of Independence Ave SW and 14th Street SW in Washington, D.C.","TITLE ON REEL:Apr. 15 1970, National Priorties [sic] Day; RUNTIME: 00:04:12; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a crowd of several dozen individuals gathered at the Checkers House in Monroe Park as part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970. Several speakers are featured including Jim Elam, Arthur Waskow, David Hawk, and Loretta Johnson. It appears to be raining, with many individuals wearing rain coats and/or carrying umbrellas.","TITLE ON REEL:National Priorities Day - Monroe Park + SHW building, April 15 - 1970; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reels contain footage of a crowd of approximately 100 individuals marching from Monroe Park east on Franklin Street, then arriving at a building at 501 N 9th Street and placing a cardboard coffin at the building's entrance. This was part of the National Priorities Day event held on April 15, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:15 May 70, Anti-Viet Nam in Monroe Park, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:05; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathering in Monroe Park on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It begins with footage of individuals gathered in downtown Richmond, it is unclear if this gathering is associated with the rest of the footage. It also contains footage of individuals gathering at the Checkers House in Monroe Park, and the crowd leaving the park.","TITLE ON REEL:#2 Anti Vietnam [sic] - 15 May 70, Leaving Monroe Park + Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals leaving Monroe Park, marching to on Franklin Street, and at the Bell Tower on the Virginia State Capitol grounds on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam.","TITLE ON REEL:MA, 15 May 70, Capitol Square, Anti-Vietnam, Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals gathered at the Bell Tower on the ground of the Virginia State Capitol on May 15, 1970 for a protest against the ongoing war in Vietnam. It features footage of multiple speakers including Loretta F. Johnson, an organizer with the Richmond Welfare Rights Organization.","TITLE ON REEL:National Socialist White People's Party NSWPP visit to Richmond 15 Feb. 72; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains police surveillance footage of an American Nazi Party bus in Richmond, brought to the city by Matt Koehl to protest school desegregation busing. There are multiple clips of the bus in Richmond, as well as individuals in Nazi uniforms boarding the bus.","TITLE ON REEL:June 30, 1969, Welfare March; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Safety, Health and Welfare Building, marching to the Virginia State Capitol, and individuals preparing for speeches at the capitol.; NOTE:","TITLE ON REEL:Welfare March June 30, 1969; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: Footage from the June 30, 1969 Solidarity Day march and rally in support of increased welfare benefits. This reels contains footage of individuals gathering at the Virginia State Capitol, including multiple individuals speaking into a microphone.","TITLE ON REEL:1 July 70, City Hall Carwile for Mayor; RUNTIME: 00:04:14; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of individuals, including several children, picketing outside of Richmond City Hall in support of Howard H. Carwile for mayor on July 1, 1970.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 1100am-600pm, Protest march of VUU students to Monroe Park in protest of the arrest Elliott Hatcher, First part of this film..police court hearing for Elliott Hatcher, Thursday, May 2, 1968 #1; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Police Court on May 2, 1968, likely showing individuals gathering for Elliott Hatcher's sentencing. It also contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Hatcher. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Carwile - Prison Pickets #1 - 1st part of Peace March 10-15-69; RUNTIME: 00:04:19; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of protestors at what appears to be Virginia State Penitentiary and the Virginia State Capitol grounds, picketing for prison reform. The dates of these events are unknown. The final clips are of individuals gathering in Monroe Park as part of Moratorium Day held on October 15, 1969.","TITLE ON REEL:Protest march, 1102 E. Main St., Parcel post building, November 9, 1967, SHERA; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed outside of the Richmond Parcel Post Building at 1102 E. Main St., which also served as the induction center during the Vietnam War. Footage features a group of protestors supporting Dr. James Marvin Shea Jr.'s refusal to accept the draft. Towards the end of the footage, Shea is seen talking to individuals outside, potentially journalists.","TITLE ON REEL:MI85895, TV + Motion Picture 117 E Main, Mi 34444, Mi 37068","TITLE ON REEL:Raid 2501 W. Main [Erkie?] Walker, Va [Hallane C?","TITLE ON REEL:1-30-61, Richmond Police Department 3-19-34","TITLE ON REEL:Dec. 20, 1967 (Wed) 906 W. Broad St.","TITLE ON REEL:Prostitution at 2913 W. Grace St. March 6, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:03:35","TITLE ON REEL:I.D. Div, Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Cox Barron-Coleman","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:City of Richmond Bureau of Police K449","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police ID Div","TITLE ON REEL:Bureau of Police","TITLE ON REEL:Police ID Jefferson St.","TITLE ON REEL:[Unknown #8] XX;","TITLE ON REEL:Black \u0026 White","TITLE ON REEL:2501 W. Main St","TITLE ON REEL:Caplan, N. Harrison St., Cockey;","TITLE ON REEL:Man w/ dog, Girl coming out of apt., about 5 feet","TITLE ON REEL:Test for Spot Light","TITLE ON REEL:Police Wk. 196[2?]","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1962 #1; RUNTIME: 00:04:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of multiple demonstrations of police equipment and other events as a part of Richmond Police Week, 14-19, 1962. This footage appears to be of an outdoor display of \"equipment, horses, and dogs\" which occurred May 17-19 from 10AM-4PM on 6th Street between Broad Street and Grace Street (Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 1, 1962).","TITLE ON REEL:Police Week 1965, Show at the school on Fendall Ave.; RUNTIME: 00:14:41; DESCRIPTION: This reel contain footage of a judo demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, members of the \"juvenile, traffic, and patrol divisions, including K-9 and cadet forces\" would be participating in the school programs scheduled for the week (Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 9, 1965). Writing on the reel states that this \"show\" took place at a school on Fendall, likely referring to J. E. B Stuart Elementary (renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018) at 3101 Fendall Ave in Richmond, Virginia.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor People's Campaign June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:46; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:35; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely at the Southside parking lot where the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond began. Several dozen individuals stand in groups in a large open space, talking and moving about. Several individuals in marshal jackets are seen. There is also a stage and some footage of speakers on the stage, likely from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. All speakers on the stage are Black. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Waverly Eddie","TITLE ON REEL:[Unidentified #10], Police ID; RUNTIME: 00:04:09; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor People's Campaign march in Richmond, like the portion where they marched north from Southside over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge. The footage is shot from above, perhaps an overpass, with wide shots of the crowd. The footage is blurry. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. There is also a significant uniformed police presence on foot, on horseback, and on motorcycles.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday, May 18, 1968, North end of Lee Bridge by the War Memorial; RUNTIME: 00:03:53; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan crossing over the Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in Richmond,  likely filmed from the Virginia War Memorial. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] Campaign, June 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan driving through Richmond, Virginia. It also contains footage of individuals in the campaign outside of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education on Brook Road. The march appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.; NOTE: The film reel is labeled \"June 1968\" but the Poor People's Campaign 1968 Southern Caravan to Washington D.C. arrived in Richmond on Saturday, May 18, 1968. It is believed that is the date this reel is from.","TITLE ON REEL:Poor Peoples [sic] March, Saturday May 18, 1968, Richmond, Va.; RUNTIME: 00:03:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign in Richmond, Virginia. It contains footage of individuals in the campaign on Lombardy Street, as well as individuals and groups diving cars and trucks in what appears to be Richmond. While other reels of this event featured a majority Black crowd, this footage seems to focus on white motorists in costume, potentially students from the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI). Uniformed police officers of various races also appear.","TITLE ON REEL:25 February 73 Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee at State Peninteniary [sic]; RUNTIME: 00:03:11; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a picket organized by the Richmond Prisoners Solidarity Committee (PCS) at the Virginia State Penitentiary, likely on January 21, 1973. Picketers carry signs calling for support of incarcerated individuals, the firing of W.K. Cunningham, and the abolition of \"C-Cell\".; NOTE: Although the reel is labeled February 25, 1973, this is likely the protest covered by the Richmond Times-Dispatch which took place on January 31, 1973.","TITLE ON REEL:May 10, 1968 Friday, RPI students at Byrd Airport Ref. May Day celb. ART / PPC March Sat. 5-18-1968 230PM; RUNTIME: 00:03:50; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage likely filmed by the Richmond Police Department of the Poor Peoples Campaign Caravan likely driving from Norfolk to Richmond, as well as the march gathering in a parking lot. The crowd appears to be majority Black, with a significant amount of white marchers also present. Most wear wearing day clothes, some are dressed in religious wear, and many holding signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Pickets at RPI, 10-20-65, JBF; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of a student picket in front of the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI) administration building which took place on October 20, 1965 between 8AM and 9:15AM. Several dozen students picketed with signs supporting three RPI students who had been denied enrollment due to having long hair and beards.","TITLE ON REEL:Sergeants Peppers [sic] Peace March, 5th - 7th / Broad St. and Grace Sts., Dec. 15, 1967 ; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 15, 1967. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Pepper's Peace Parade (Start) Dec-15-1967 / Sergeants Peppers Peace March, Dec. 15-16-18-19, 1967 / Sgt. Peppers [sic] Peace March 12/15-16-18-19/67, #9, City of Rich. Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:34; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 16, 18, and 19. A sign carried in other footage of this march (see Reels #1 and #3) reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Sgt. Peppers peace March, Dec. 22-23, 1967; RUNTIME: 00:03:54; DESCRIPTION: This reel of police surveillance footage is of a protest march in downtown Richmond, around the area of the Carpenter Theatre on N 6th Street between Grace Street and Broad Street, on December 20, 21, and 23. The first sign carried reads \"Sgt. Peppers Peace March,\" likely in reference to the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was released by The Beatles in May of 1967. The footage was recorded over a span of a few days, noticeable by changing days on protest signs. The protest was in opposition to the Vietnam War.","TITLE ON REEL:Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:04:16; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of an unidentified gathering in front of what appears to be a courthouse, most likely in Richmond, Virginia between 1962 and 1973. If you have any identifying information on this event, please contact VCU Libraries Digital Libraries and Publishing via libcompass@vcu.edu.","TITLE ON REEL:#1 Dec. 17, 1969, VSC students protest - Belvidere + Franklin St.; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, Belvidere + Franklin- VSC students protest; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:12-17-69, VSC Students, Belvidere + Franklin; RUNTIME: 00:04:04; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of marchers leaving Monroe Park and walking in pairs east on Franklin Street. They wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:Dec 17, 1969, at State Capitol, VA State Coll. protest pickets; RUNTIME: 00:03:51; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage of protestors marching around the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a smaller group entering the Capitol grounds and building. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs.","TITLE ON REEL:VSC Students, 12-17-69, at State Capitol, #6, Police I.D.; RUNTIME: 00:03:38; DESCRIPTION: Footage of students, faculty, and supporters protesting changes to Virginia State College in Richmond, Virginia. This reel contains footage Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. It also features a smaller group of marchers entering the Virginia State Capitol grounds and marching in a picket. Marchers wear winter coats and jackets, buttons, and hold signs. It ends with marchers boarding buses on 9th Street.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5 1968 1100am-600pm, Students from VUU protest march for the arrest of Elliott Hatccher [sic] for tresp. on VUU property. VUU to Monroe Park, #2; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as one speaker is featured. The crowd appears to be made up of majority Black individuals, though individuals of different races are visible throughout.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 11;00am-600pm, Virginia Union Univeristy [sic] Protest March for Elliott Hatcher Arrest for tresp. on VUU Property, VUU to Monroe Park #3; RUNTIME: 00:03:39; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as individuals preparing to speak are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Va. Union Students, Hatcher, May 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968 Between the hours 1100AM and 600PM, Virginia Union University protest march from VUU to Monroe Park. Protest of the arrest of Elliott Hatcher. For trespassing on VUU property. Exp. Student... #5; RUNTIME: 00:03:52; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of the crowd at the park as well as several speakers are featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for Elliott Natcher from VUU to Monroe Park in symth. of his arrest. #4; RUNTIME: 00:03:36; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Footage of several speakers is featured.","TITLE ON REEL:Sunday, May 5, 1968, 1100am-600pm, Students protest march for the arrest of Elliot Hatcher fro [sic] tresp. on VUU property....VUU to Monroe Park, #6; RUNTIME: 00:03:37; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in Monroe Park on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher, as well as the demonstrators marching from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:45; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed in on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. Demonstrators march from Monroe Park to Virginia Union University.","TITLE ON REEL:VA. Union students Hatcher, May 5, 1968; RUNTIME: 00:04:20; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage filmed at Monroe Park and Virginia Union University on May 5, 1968, during a protest in support of Elliott Hatcher. It also features footage of students delivering a petition to Kate Gilpin Henderson, wife of VUU President Dr. Henderson.","TITLE ON REEL:March to State Capitol from VA Union, #1, from VA Union to Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:47; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 300 individuals marching from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Footage is filmed on VUU campus, Lombardy Street, and Broad Street. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:part of march from Va. Union to State Capital [sic] / Police Week, 1965, Show at school on Fendall by Cain, Police F.D.; RUNTIME: 00:02:43; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of the March 16, 965 voting rights march from Virginia Union University to the Virginia State Capitol, as well as a judo and K-9 demonstration by police officers during Richmond's Police Week beginning May 9, 1965.","TITLE ON REEL:March at State Capitol from VA Union (#2) At Capitol; RUNTIME: 00:04:10; DESCRIPTION: This reel contains footage of some 500 individuals gathering on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol in support of voting rights legislation. Towards the end of the footage, they appear to pray and sing. An object covers the top right corner of the frame throughout most of the footage.","TITLE ON REEL:Finished 4-2-62, Whisnant","TITLE ON REEL:4-14-62, Whisnant"],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_a2d9eced82b78ccfab522b0fa04d8050\"\u003eThere are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["There are an additional two unprocessed boxes awaiting conservation. These boxes are not yet available for research."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department"],"persname_ssim":["Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Police Department","Duling, Dalton Rotruck \"Ricky\", 1926-2010"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_648_c02_c24"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Black Scouts on Bus Trip, 1960/1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c07","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c07"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222_c07","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222","parent_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01","vircu_repositories_5_resources_600_c06_c01_c222"],"title_filing_ssi":"Black Scouts on Bus Trip","title_ssm":["Black Scouts on Bus Trip"],"title_tesim":["Black Scouts on Bus Trip"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Scouts on Bus Trip, 1960/1979"],"text":["Black Scouts on Bus Trip, 1960/1979","Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979","box 26","folder 38"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","Series 6: Photographs, Scrapbooks, Audio/Visual","6.1 Photographs","Photographs, 1960/1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1979"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1960-1979"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":697,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"containers_ssim":["box 26","folder 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#221/components#6","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_600.xml","title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"text":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012","M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.","This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.","2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.","The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.","Award for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia records, 1910/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"unitid_tesim":["M 400","/repositories/5/resources/600"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by The Commonwealth Council of Virginia Girl Scouts in two batches in 2011 and 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["130 Linear Feet 118 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials \n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2 Reports\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4 Financial\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.7 History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.9 Other Councils\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2: Camps\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\t\n\u003cli\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3 Camp Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2 Slides \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4 Audio-Visual\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\n\u003cul\u003eSubseries:\n\u003cli\u003e7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n\u003cli\u003e8.1 Artifacts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2Ephemera\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into nine series. Further information on the series, their contents and organization can be found in the Scope and Content note.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials \nSubseries:\n1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents \n1.2 Reports \n1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes\n1.4 Financial\n1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond\n1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials\n1.7 History\n1.8 Administrator's Materials\n1.9 Other Councils","Series 2: Camps\nSubseries:\t\n2.1 Camp Administration Materials\n2.2 General Camp Materials\n2.3 Camp Materials\n\nSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Series 4: Programming and Events\nSubseries:\n4.1 Anniversary Materials \n4.2 Regional Conferences \n4.3 National Conferences and Conventions \n4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials \n\nSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and A/V\nSubseries:\n6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums \n6.2 Slides \n6.3 Scrapbooks \n6.4 Audio-Visual\n\n \nSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\nSubseries:\n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles \n\t\nSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\nSubseries: \n8.1 Artifacts\n8.2Ephemera","Series 9: Printed Materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia Council began in 1963 following a merger between the Girl Scouts of Richmond and the Girl Scouts of Southside Virginia councils to provide more extensive services to Scouts in central Virginia. However, neither this council nor the two preceding it was the start of Girl Scouting in the area. There has been active Girl Scouting in Richmond prior to the official establishment of a council, though few records of the earliest days remain. Using Boy Scout manuals and enlisting the guidance of the director of the Richmond Boy Scouts, area girls recruited adult leaders and began informal scouting groups. In November 1913, the first official Girl Scout troop in Virginia, Pansy Troop Number 1, was formed in Highland Springs. Sponsored by the Women's Study Club for Right Living of Highland Springs, the troop was founded by Mrs. Kate G. Read and Mrs. Marion T. Read. This troop eventually split into two: Pansy Troop no. 1 and Pansy Troop no. 2, due to demand from local girls for membership.","The Girl Scouts of Richmond Council was formally organized on April 12, 1921 when the first Council Meeting was held at the Jefferson Hotel with 35 adult members, 11 troops, and 75 girls. The council received its official charter on May 10 of that year as the second chartered council in Virginia. Because of the Highland Springs troop's formation in 1913 and their inclusion in the Richmond Council, 1913 is commonly used for the date of inception for the Richmond Girl Scouts. In 1928, under the leadership of Commissioner Ruth Robertson McGuire, the Richmond Council was incorporated by the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.\nInitially, the Girl Scouts of Richmond was a racially exclusive organization, open only to white girls and women. Black Scouting in Richmond did not begin until 1932, when Troop 34, the first African American Girl Scout troop south of the Potomac River, was established. Mrs. Lena B. Watson of Virginia Union University (VUU) was instrumental in the group's formation  when she approached the Richmond council for permission to form a Black troop. Some council members  were supportive, but the council as a whole ultimately refused to consider it. The National Girl Scouting Headquarters became involved, forcing the Richmond council to allow the troop to form. In June 1932, the first Black troop formed at Hartshorn Hall at VUU with high school teacher Lavinia Banks as their leader.\nWhile Scouting in Richmond was developing, so too was Scouting in the southern part of Virginia. Hopewell formed its first troop in 1917, and many other troops in rural, semi-rural, and smaller urban areas followed. By 1942, the Petersburg Council organized, and the Hopewell Council formed in 1956, bringing many of the lone rural troops under the umbrella of a council. In 1958, the Hopewell Council merged with the Petersburg Council to form the Southside Council, bringing all troops in Southside Virginia Council services and support.","In response to rethinking the organization of Scouting in Virginia, the Richmond Council merged with the Southside Council to form the Commonwealth Council or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1962. During this time, troop integration became a reality for Virginia Girl Scouts. Integration began in 1963 with the Fort Lee troop. Black Scouts were allowed to participate at Camp Holly Dell for the first time, and by 1968 segregated troops were no more. \nOver the years, the councils that became the Commonwealth Council have provided programs and opportunities for girls to explore, learn, and build character through STEM, environmental stewardship, financial literacy, camping events, homemaking, and first aid. Citizenship was integral to Scouting from its inception. During World War I, Scouts entertained military troops at Fort Lee, and visited hospitals in morale-boosting calls. At least one scouting troop was so beloved for their service, that they were deemed honorary members of one of the units stationed at Fort Lee. In the Second World War, Scouts led scrap drives and defense preparedness activities. In addition to citizenship, Scouts raised awareness as well as money for their organization. In the earliest years of Scouting in Richmond, Scouts solicited donations by going door-to-door or having booths at fairs. In 1925, the Richmond Council became a member of the Community Chest, and could focus on other ways to fundraise. One successful fundraiser occurred when the troops brought John Philip Sousa and his band to Richmond, which raised a large amount of money for the organization and allowed the expansion of programs for the girls. The first cookie sale was in 1936, and approximately 11,694 pounds of cookies were sold, which allowed for expanded services, camping activities, and improved camping facilities. The annual event has been popular ever since, and continues to raise money for troop activities and support into the present day.","Camps have always been an important part of Girl Scouting. In the earliest years of the Richmond Council, white Girl Scouts used the Boy Scout camps for a few weeks every summer, but it soon became apparent that the girls needed their own camps. Eventually, the Richmond Council settled on a property in Bon Air, VA, that became Camp Pocahontas in 1928. Day Camps, held in conjunction with the YWCA, began in 1932.  Camp Pinoaka for Black Girl Scouts in Pocahontas State Park followed in 1936, and the Petersburg Council purchased Camp Holly Dell in Chesterfield in 1951. All three camps were eventually sold, and resources put into two other camps- Camp Kittamaqund, established in 1964 in the Northern Neck, and Camp Pamunkey Ridge in Hanover County. Smaller sleep-away camps, as well as day camps, were also scattered across the tri-city area and the state.","As of 2021, the Commonwealth Council, or the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia, is one of four councils in the state and serves over 17,500 girls and women in central Virginia, stretching from the cities of Emporia to Fredericksburg, with its headquarters in the greater Richmond area. It is governed by a Board of Directors, which is elected by delegates from the council membership. The Board is responsible for establishing policies, approving budgets, and setting the direction for the Council. The board consists of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Members-at-Large, and two girl board members. The CEO and girl members are ex-officio, non-voting members. All serve two-year terms, and may not serve more than three consecutive terms, though the Chair is eligible to serve an additional three successive terms in another position. The Board conducts its business as the entire unit and in smaller committees, such as the Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Membership, and Program Committees. An Annual Meeting of the Board is held, and the Board continues to meet throughout the year, as do committees, as needed."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This collection contains many different formats. Negatives will need a scanner or light box to be properly accessed. Video formats include 35 and 78mm film, BetaCam, VHS, and U-Matic video and will need the proper video players to access them. CDs and DVDs, as well as audio cassette, reel-to-reel tape, 78 and 45 rpm records, and mini-cassette are included for audio formats."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Commonwealth Council of the Girl Scouts of Virginia records, 1910-2012, Collection number M 400, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["2022: The collection was minimally processed prior to 2014. Beginning in 2020 and finishing in 2022, the collection was fully processe. This included consolidating materials, removing duplicates, deaccessioning widely-available publications, and processing the two accessions into one collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Council and Administrative Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Camps\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Troop Records and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Programming and Events\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.1 Anniversary Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.2 Regional Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. \u003cbr\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3 Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7: Textiles and Related Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTextiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 8: Artifacts and Ephemera\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 9: Printed Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. Of particular note is the wide array of Girl Scout booklets and the \"Newsletters\" section, which contains an early extended run of \"The Girl Scout Leader\" from approximately 1932-1940, as well as runs of \"Trefoil,\" \"Girl Scout News,\" \"Images,\" and \"LEaDS\" from 1982-1999.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAward for outstanding achievement in environmental Protection services, Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia (GSCV) records are composed of documents, correspondence, photographs, audio-visual materials, textiles, and artifacts that chronicle the evolution of Girl Scouting in the greater Richmond, Virginia area and the creation of the Commonwealth Council. The collection ranges in date from approximately 1913 through 2012, with the bulk of the materials falling within 1924-2005.  The collection has been arranged into nine series.","Series 1: Council and Administrative Materials","Materials related to the running and administration of the GSCV are located in this series. These items include policies and procedures, financial records, GSCV and Girl Scouting history in VA, and correspondence. This series also contains policies and procedures as outlined by both the Girl Scouts of the USA and GSCV and its preceding entities.\nSeries 1 comprises nine subseries.","1.1 Policies, Procedures, and Administrative Documents.","1.2 Reports: \nSeries 1.2 contains reports written by, about, or for the Richmond/ Commonwealth Council of VA Girl Scouts. They are arranged by author type and chronologically therein. Self-reports are first, followed by National Girl Scout reports, and reports about but not by Girl Scout entities are last.","1.3 Meeting Materials and Minutes: \nMaterials pertaining to meetings are kept with their respective meetings. This includes notes, minutes, correspondence, and other meeting items. Additionally, information on the formation of Black troops in Richmond can be found in the minutes starting in 1931. These materials are arranged by Council/Board/Annual Meetings, which may have committee materials included in chronological order, followed by solo committee materials, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","1.4 Financial: \nIncludes financial records and audits, both for the Council, as well as local troops. Series 1.4 is arranged chronologically.","1.5 United Way of Greater Richmond.","1.6 Correspondence and Printed Administrative Materials.","1.7 History: \nMany materials relate to the history of Black Scouting in Richmond, the earliest records of Girl Scouting in Richmond, general history, and the records of the councils that preceded the Girl Scouts of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","1.8 Administrator's Materials: \nThese materials contain the individual correspondence and effects of administrators in their work as scouts or representatives of the GSCV.","1.9 Other Councils: \nMaterials from Councils outside of GSCV and its preceding councils are included here.","Series 2: Camps","Most materials relating to camps run by GSVA are maintained in this series. Items like photographs and scrapbooks relating to camping or specific camps are listed in their respective subseries, but housed with other photographs and scrapbooks. Slides, books, as well as photographs that may pertain to a camp, but are not identified as such may be listed or found in Series 6: A/V or in Series 9: Printed.","The Series has been broken into nine subseries, most of which pertain to individual camps.","2.1 Camp Administration Materials: \nAdditional materials relating to the administration of camps may also be found in Series 1.","2.2 General Camp Materials:\nGeneral materials not related to the administration of camps as a whole, or of individual camps without their own subseries are contained here.","2.3 Camp Materials:\nContains materials from individual camps. This series is arranged alphabetically by camp, and chronologically therein. Camps include: Day Camps, Holly Dell, Kittamaqund, Pamunkey Ridge, Pine Grove, Pinoaka, Pocahontas.","Series 3: Troop Records and Related Materials","Materials that are related to specific troops are housed in this series. These items in this series include correspondence, financial records, speeches, clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks. Materials related to finances are contained in series 1.4: Financial. The bulk of Dorothy Armstrong's donation to the GSCV is housed in this series. Materials such as clippings, scrapbooks, and photographs are physically housed with like-materials.","Series 4: Programming and Events","These materials relate to programs and events created or attended by GSCV troops or members. These include regional and national conferences and conventions, Girl Scout Week, \"Wider Opportunity,\" and GS Cookie Week, as well as events like Youth Expos, fashion shows, visits by dignitaries, and breakfasts. This series and its subseries are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n    \nThis series has been divided into four subseries as follows:","4.1 Anniversary Materials.","4.2 Regional Conferences.","4.3 National Conferences and Conventions.","4.4 General Event Programs and Related Materials.","Series 5: Awards, Recognitions, and Related Materials","Materials that document awards and recognitions received or given by GSCV and its members are kept in this series. This includes awards-related correspondence, applications, and the award, certificate, or proclamation itself. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series 6: Photographs, Slides, and Audio-Visual Material","This series contains photographs and scrapbooks that did not fit with other series. It also contains slides and audio-visual materials consisting of audio cassettes, 45 and 33 rpm records, compact disks, DVDs, VHS, and film reels. Scrapbooks can contain photographs, newspaper clippings, article clippings, pamphlets, and tickets. Materials are grouped by type, and an effort has been made to arrange them in chronological order; many dates are approximate. \t\t\n    Photographs are in black and white unless otherwise noted until approximately 1962; after 1992, photographs are in color unless noted.\n    \nThis series is arranged into five subseries.","6.1 Photographs and Photograph Albums.","6.2 Slides: \nThis subseries contains slides from the 1950s through the 2000s. They are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically therein.","6.3 Scrapbooks.","6.5 Audio-Visual: \nThis subseries contains film reels, video cassettes, DVDs, audio CDs and audiocassettes, and 45 and 33 rpm records.","Series 7: Textiles and Related Materials","Textiles and related materials such as hats, belts, shoes, catalogs, and information on uniforms are kept in this series. There are multiple complete Brownie and Girl Scouts uniforms from various points in the history of the Scouts maintained in this series. Some patches, pins, and badges that are attached to sashes are in this series. Individual patches and some older textiles may also be located in Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera.\n    \n7.1 Textile and Uniform Information and Records: \nThis subseries contains materials that relay information about the uniforms: their evolution, their production, and items such as catalogs and patterns.\n    \n7.2 Uniforms and Textiles.","Series 8: Artifacts and Ephemera","This series houses artifacts from the history of the Girl Scouts in Virginia. Of particular interest are items like Girl Scout paper dolls, a branded Brownie Camera, canteens and collapsible camping cups, patches and badges, and Girl Scout pins. There are also multiple items of ephemera such as Girl Scout cookie boxes and stationery.","Series 9: Printed Materials","This series contains books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, newsletters and other printed items, loose newspaper and magazine clippings. The publisher is either the Girl Scouts, the GSCV, or an outside entity. This series is arranged alphabetically by topic (annual events, Cookie Sale, handbooks, etc.) and/or title and chronologically therein. 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