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He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Thomas L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:20:08.740Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c7078"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_129"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_129"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"text":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers","Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,","box 11","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,","title_ssm":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,"],"title_tesim":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["[1968]"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yvan Francois to Joseph Fletcher,"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1190,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1968],"containers_ssim":["box 11","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1189","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:54.984Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_129","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_129.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/128685","title_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1931-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129"],"text":["MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129","Joseph Francis Fletcher papers","16.5 linear feet; thirty-three 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5\" manuscript boxes and two 13\" x 11\" x 16.5\" boxes","There are no restrictions.","The collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers.","\nJoseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.\n","\nFletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.\n","\nDuring this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.\n","\nFletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).\n","\nThe stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).\n","\nToday scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.\n","\nWith Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).\n","\nThus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.\n","References \"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29). \"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31).","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff Funding: Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.","Processing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","Box 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017.","The Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays.","There are no restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.27","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/129"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mary Faith Marshall, Ph.D., donated the papers to the library in 2001."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.5 linear feet; thirty-three 5\" x 10.5\" x 15.5\" manuscript boxes and two 13\" x 11\" x 16.5\" boxes"],"extent_ssm":["15.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15.75 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection comprises 35 boxes. Boxes 1 to 15 contain correspondence, arranged chronologically, one letter to a folder. Boxes 16 to 31 contain related materials, ordered by an alphabetical sequence of subject headings, as follows: Chinese Revolution, Churchman, Ethical Issues, Financial, Humor, Interview Transcripts, Lectures, Manuscripts, Memoirs, Miscellaneous Clippings, Notes, Paddock Fund, Programs and Brochures, Reprints-Fletcher, Reprints-Miscellaneous, Reviews, Sermons, and World Peace Movement. Within each of these 18 subject headings, items are organized chronologically wherever possible. Boxes 32 and 33 contain oversize materials: scrapbooks assembled by Fletcher and a small collection of photographs, placques, and posters. Boxes 34 and 35 contain additional materials: manuscripts, miscellaneous documents, and student papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nJoseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nToday scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWith Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eReferences\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31).\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nJoseph Francis Fletcher (1905-1991), a theologian and medical ethicist, social activist and scholar, was a life-long advocate for humane solutions to the problems of modern life. Fletcher spent the majority of his professional career at Cambridge, Massachusetts' Episcopal Theological School, where he held the Robert Treat Paine chair of Social Ethics from 1944 to 1970. Subsequently, he joined the University of Virginia Medical School faculty as the University's first professor of medical ethics (1970-1983). With medical school dean Thomas Harrison Hunter, Fletcher established the Program in Biology and Society and the Medical Center Hour lecture series. Both were early expressions of the critical importance of the humanities to the practice of medicine, and both innovations later bore fruit in the University's Center for Biomedical Ethics, founded in 1988, and the Center for Humanism in Medicine in 1990. The Medical Center Hour continues to bring challenging weekly discussions to the University and on-line communities.\n","\nFletcher began childhood in New Jersey, but as a nine-year-old boy moved with his sister and mother to his maternal family's home in West Virginia. There he remained for a decade, completing high school in three years instead of the usual four, and at age 16 started three years of coursework at the state university at Morgantown. Initially, West Virginia University denied him a diploma because of his radical thinking, though ultimately the faculty relented and granted Fletcher an A.B. degree five years later, in 1929. Always an independent-minded young man, Fletcher had worked one high-school summer for the Consolidation Coal Company, management side, and the next as a trapper boy in the shafts of a small mining operation; from these experiences he developed a lasting sympathy for mine workers and a deep commitment to the struggle to unionize. This era of the late teens and early twenties was a period of great radicalism -- analogous, Fletcher later stated, to the period of social transformations of the 1960s -- and young Joseph read voraciously much of the literature critical of unregulated capitalism, in addition to working on the education staff of the United Mine Workers' local, and volunteering with the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee -- the bellwether legal case pitting liberal critique against conservative patriotism.\n","\nDuring this period of intellectual development and activism, Fletcher became convinced that \"Christianity . . . had a tremendous imperative for social justice,\" and that the social change he sought could be achieved through the church. (\"Memoir,\" p.7). In consequence, the nineteen-year-old enrolled at Berkeley Divinity School, an Episcopal seminary then located in Middletown, Connecticut. After completing his coursework, Fletcher undertook a multi-year research project for the National Council of the Episcopal Church, which led to the publication of his first book, The Church and Industry (1930), co-authored with Spencer Miller. Fletcher received his Masters of Divinity in 1929, along with a prestigious fellowship for further study: he took courses in economic history at Yale, then traveled abroad to study at the London School of Economics with Richard H. Tawney, a scholar likewise intrigued by the church's potential for social reform.\n","\nFletcher and his wife, Forrest Hatfield -- whom he had met at West Virginia University and married before receiving his divinity degree -- returned to the States from England in 1932. They moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where Fletcher taught at Saint Mary's Junior College, and proceeded to enrage the local bishop by involving himself with the Piedmont Organizing Council of the United Textile Workers' Union. At the close of his third academic year there, Fletcher resigned and took a double appointment as Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral in Cincinnati, Ohio and first Dean of a new Graduate School of Applied Religion. Fletcher remained in Cincinnati nine years, from 1936 to 1944, directing this certificate program for seminarians and junior clergy. The curriculum centered on the practical aspects of community services organization and the design of outreach programs. While in Cincinnati, Fletcher also taught social ethics at Hebrew Union College, and courses in labor history for the University of Cincinnati, the local Cincinnati unions, and, in Mississippi, for the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union organizing project, where he was twice subjected to beatings, not only for the labor work itself but also because of the union's interracial staff and membership. The virulent anti-communists of this and later eras viewed Fletcher with profound mistrust -- particularly when he advocated substantive meetings of both sides -- though he pithily summed up his life-long position by stating, \"[the] war against fascism is a war against dictatorship, whether of the left or right . . . of the proletariat or the racists.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 19).\n","\nThe stimulating intellectual atmosphere of Cambridge, Massachusetts drew Fletcher to the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) as World War II was ending. Here his scholarship of ethics matured, as represented in numerous publications -- seven more books and well over a hundred papers. \"My heart was in the front line,\" Fletcher stated, but academic life became his dominant zone of activity. (\"Memoir,\" p. 11). Yet for all the theoretical contemplation, Fletcher remained quintessentially a pragmatist, and his method of pedagogy using case studies constantly recalled the discussion to its most practical elements. This concern with the particular over the universal revolutionized ethical studies. Fletcher argued that the simple charge to love one's neighbor as one's self -- the Christian ethic of love -- supplanted orthodoxy and conventional moral values, a notion as new and radical as it was original to Christian thought. \"My main principle,\" Fletcher wrote, was \"that concern for human beings should come before moral rules, and that particular cases and situations are more determinant of what we ought to do than 'universal' norms are.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 24). This attitude underlies all of his writing, but above all exemplifies his two most influential books: Morals and Medicine (1954), and Situation Ethics (1966).\n","\nToday scholars consider Morals and Medicine the inaugural work of bioethics. Fletcher believed it to be the first contemporary treatment of medical ethical issues developed outside the boundaries of the decalogue, that is, without reliance on the biblical ten commandments so crucial to orthodox theology. Framed in terms of human rights, Morals and Medicine addresses the patient's right to be informed truthfully of medical diagnoses, to control conception -- including use of artificial insemination or sterilization -- and to employ euthanasia. Fletcher's arguments overturned the traditional paternalistic approach of medical practice and challenged physicians and patients to confront moral questions directly, ultimately rejecting the artificial isolation of science from ethics.\n","\nWith Situation Ethics, Fletcher refined his thesis still further, and crafted an approach to ethical problems of all types. The book was an instant best-seller \"about ideas whose time had come,\" he modestly stated.(\"Recollections,\" number 126). No less controversial for all its popularity, Situation Ethics also earned rebukes from the doctrinaire and frightened. Fletcher engaged their objections in The Situation Ethics Debate(1968) and in countless lectures and conversations, but the irony was not lost on him that much opposition came from religious communities. Fletcher's consequentialist resolve never wavered, and he began to find in humanism a more apposite and logical framework than Christian faith and theology. Shortly before his retirement from ETS, Fletcher left the church, \"to keep faith with myself, without anger and with lots of thanks to [the church] for many things.\" (\"Memoir,\" p. 27).\n","\nThus Fletcher began another absorbing career, as first professor of medical ethics at the University of Virginia Medical School. \"As I used to tell people, nobody could believe how much I learned after I was sixty-five years old,\" he stated of his characteristic energy. (\"Memoir,\" p. 28) Besides developing new courses, pursuing an active traveling lecture schedule, publishing numerous papers, and holding additional visiting professorships at the University of Texas and at Australia's Monash University, Fletcher wrote two new books, The Ethics of Genetic Control (1974) and Humanhood: Essays in Biomedical Ethics (1979), bringing the total to ten. The Hastings Center recognized his innovative work in biomedical ethics with the Beecher Award in 1981, and the national medical honor society, Alpha Omega Alpha elected him in 1982 an honorary fellow, the only scholar from the humanities to be so recognized in the organization's history. Fletcher retired from the University of Virginia in 1983, though the University's Board of Visitors annually extended to him the honorary title \"visiting scholar\" until his death in 1991.\n","References \"Memoir of an Ex-Radical,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 29). \"Recollections,\" Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers (20: 31)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFunding:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWeb version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff Funding: Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Francis Fletcher Papers, 1931-1991, MS-27, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers, 1931-1991, MS-27, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing was completed in 2006 by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","Box 18: Folder 8 was removed from the collection in 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Joseph Francis Fletcher Papers comprise two groups of materials: correspondence and subject files. The correspondence files consist almost entirely of professional letters written to Dr. Fletcher throughout his career as a theologian and ethicist, including numerous letters from members of the general public reacting to his most famous and controversial book, Situation Ethics (1966). The subject materials are presented in various categories, often assembled by Dr. Fletcher himself. These include correspondence and related items on the Chinese Revolution, the Episcopal Church magazine \"The Churchman,\" the Bishop Paddock Fund, and the World Peace Movement. Other materials include notes and case studies related to ethical issues presented in his courses and seminars, numerous texts of Fletcher's lectures and sermons, manuscript drafts, and reprints of articles by Fletcher and others. In addition, the subject collections include miscellaneous newspaper clippings, reviews of Fletcher's publications, programs and brochures from his speaking engagements, and scrapbooks containing examples of all types of items assembled by Fletcher early in his career. Rounding out the collection are a series of interview transcripts made near the end of his life, and a folder containing autobiographical essays."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2229,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:54.984Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_129_c1190"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)"],"text":["Richmond YWCA records","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977)","YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program","box 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program","title_ssm":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Component-Richmond Community Action Program"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":221,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Case study files are restricted"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969],"containers_ssim":["box 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#219","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_77.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"text":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77","Richmond YWCA records","Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Case study files are restricted","The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.","The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. ","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.","The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift from the YWCA of Greater Richmond to the Special Collections and Archives Department on 8 March, 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCase study files are restricted\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Case study files are restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. ","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1226,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c01_c220"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_238","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06","vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records","Record Group II: Second Accession","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps","Oversize Box 67"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records","Record Group II: Second Accession","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps","Oversize Box 67"],"text":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records","Record Group II: Second Accession","Series VI: Blueprints and Maps","Oversize Box 67","YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company","Oversize Box 67"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company","title_ssm":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1959 March, 1975 April 1"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":832,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Box 67"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959 March, 1975 April 1, Oversize Box 67, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["YWCA Lynnhaven Beach and Park Company, 1959 March, 1975 April 1, Oversize Box 67, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#1/components#36","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_238.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/238","title_filing_ssi":"Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads","title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated","1960-1990","Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1906-2017, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/30/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"text":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238","Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records","Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.","The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.","Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54). Current information about the  YWCA of South Hampton Roads  can be found on their website.","This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.","ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 76","/repositories/5/resources/238"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads Records"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["YWCA of Hampton Roads","Gift. Accession #A2000-7"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women in community organization--Virginia","Women--United States--Societies, etc.","Women--Services for--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","Young women--Services for--Virginia","Domestic Violence--prevention and control","Racism--Prevention","Women's rights","Camps for girls--Virginia","Leadership in women--Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["45.20 Linear Feet","38 Hollinger document cases and 29 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["The second accession was received by Special Collections and University Archives from Regina Malveaux, on behalf of the YWCA of Hampton Roads, on 03/30/2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership association. It began in London in 1855, and first came to the U.S. in 1858. Although similar in name, the YWCA has no affiliation with the YMCA. The YWCA was an independent movement that arose out of Women's church groups as a way of making life better for other women. These first YWCA's provided boarding houses, skills training, recreation, and a social environment for single, working women. After World War II, the YWCA's emphasis shifted to the family: mother and children. In 1946, the YWCA adopted an Interracial Charter. Its purpose became the empowerment of women and the elimination of racism.","The YWCA of South Hampton Roads started as housing for working girls in 1893. In 1908, the Phyllis Wheatley Branch of the YWCA of Norfolk began as an association of African American Women. The branch was named after a black woman poet who lived during the time of the Revolutionary War. Another YWCA started in Norfolk in 1911. This chapter had a residence for single women, and offered classes in cooking, stenography, Bible studies, typing, and gymnastics. It also had a cafeteria and a reading room. In 1925, the two branches came together. Then, in the 1950s a Virginia Beach branch was created. Over the years, many splits and mergers have occurred in the YWCA's of Hampton Roads. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have created many institutions in the community. Camp Owaissa, Camp E.W. Young, and various day camps have provided summer recreation for young girls. The Norfolk YWCA ran a cafeteria on West Freemason for many years. The YWCA has hosted women's shelters including the Phyllis Wheatley House, the Wilkshaw, and undisclosed battered women's shelters.","Other YWCA programs have included the Winners Dinners, now known as the Women of Distinction Award, where women of achievement have been recognized, Y-Prep and Y-Teens for young and adolescent girls, Black History Month, the Women in Crisis Program for victims of domestic violence, the Women in Transition Program to help economically disadvantaged women find employment or gain job skills, and Ladies Day Out workshops and fashion shows.","In addition to these, the YWCA of Hampton Roads has held and continues to hold a wide variety of programs for women of all ages and backgrounds. They offer classes, workshops, and training; fashion and talent shows; retreats; conventions; political events, achievement and award dinners, services and shelter for battered and abused women and children; and a variety of youth programs.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Handling of the scrapbooks may be limited due to the fragile nature of the material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], YWCA of Hampton Roads Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The first accession was processed between 2000 and 2010. The second accession was processed by Mona Farrow, Reading Room Supervisor, in 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOcean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54).\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent information about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ywca-shr.org/\"\u003eYWCA of South Hampton Roads\u003c/a\u003e can be found on their website.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ocean View, Seaside and Seaview Amusement Park Collection (MG 31) and Virginia Beach Resorts Research Collection (RC 2) contains information about Seaview, the African American resort at the Virginia Beach oceanfront. YWCA material can also be found in the Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Papers (MG 54). Current information about the  YWCA of South Hampton Roads  can be found on their website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Hampton Roads. Included in the records are the administrative records of the organization, publications, photographs, scrapbooks, artifacts, and blueprints of various property held by the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0cf5b104c3e6212e3df520759edeb87a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is the oldest and largest women's membership organization. The YWCA of South Hampton Roads first started as housing for working girls in 1893. Throughout their history, the YWCA chapters of Hampton Roads have advanced their purposes of empowering women and fighting racism by running women's shelters, camps, workshops, and various other programs. The collection consists mainly of photos, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings, as well as some business and historical records of the organization."],"names_coll_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A.","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Young Women's Christian Association of Hampton Roads (Va.)","Young Women's Christian Association of the U.S.A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":842,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_238_c02_c06_c02_c37"}},{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Photocopy Content","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c18","ref_ssm":["vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c18"],"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c18","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","parent_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","parent_ssim":["vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection","Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection","Records"],"text":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection","Records","YWCA Photocopy Content","box 01 of 06"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Photocopy Content","title_ssm":["YWCA Photocopy Content"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Photocopy Content"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1967/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Photocopy Content"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968],"containers_ssim":["box 01 of 06"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#17","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:39:02.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_2_resources_158.xml","title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1973"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1898-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LU.049"],"text":["LU.049","Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection","There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.","The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) was organized at then State Female Normal School in May 1896. The organization steadily grew and became one of the most influential clubs on campus. The organization brought leadership opportunities, religious education, and management experience to students. Religious education and women empowerment were the main features of the organization. The YWCA was listed as an inactive organization in 1975. The YWCA hosted bible studies, weekly prayer, devotional meetings and bi-weekly business meetings. The YWCA also hosted receptions in the fall for Little Sisters, and monthly birthday parties. The YWCA organized Religious Emphasis Week, and activities ranged from organized religious activities to concerts and speakers. Additionally, YWCA organized the Freshman Commission in 1925 to help make connections with the new freshmen class. Freshman Commission members were nominated by YWCA and elected by the Freshmen Class. The Commission became known for promoting and celebrating the Christmas Spirit, by dressing up as elves, caroling across campus and decorating the tree in the Rotunda. The Commission continued even after YWCA was listed as inactive. YWCA sought to encourage a strong relationship between members and Christ. Women were given leadership opportunities through held positions as officers. Officers were elected in March and would serve for one year. The activities of YWCA were left governed by student members which encouraged leadership and taught responsibility.","This collection originated with the chapter of the YWCA historically associated with Longwood University. It is unknown when the collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives.","This collection contains scrapbooks, ledgers, slides, photographs, and documents created by Longwood's chapter of the YWCA between 1898 and 1973. The scrapbooks vary in condition and size, and contain newspaper clippings, photographs, and drawings. The ledgers contains the minutes of meetings held from 1909-1919 and 1955 to 1962, as well as a roll of the members for each term. The collection also includes photographs and slides of group activities including Freshman Commission, Religious Emphasis Week, food drives, and conferences.","Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","Young Women's Christian Association","Longwood University -- : Students.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["LU.049"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association Records and Scrapbook Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Longwood University"],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"creator_ssm":["Young Women's Christian Association"],"creator_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association"],"creators_ssim":["Young Women's Christian Association"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.85 Linear Feet 1 legal-sized archival box, 5 archival flat boxes, 1 archival photograph binder"],"extent_tesim":["6.85 Linear Feet 1 legal-sized archival box, 5 archival flat boxes, 1 archival photograph binder"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":[" Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) was organized at then State Female Normal School in May 1896. 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The scrapbooks vary in condition and size, and contain newspaper clippings, photographs, and drawings. The ledgers contains the minutes of meetings held from 1909-1919 and 1955 to 1962, as well as a roll of the members for each term. The collection also includes photographs and slides of group activities including Freshman Commission, Religious Emphasis Week, food drives, and conferences.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains scrapbooks, ledgers, slides, photographs, and documents created by Longwood's chapter of the YWCA between 1898 and 1973. The scrapbooks vary in condition and size, and contain newspaper clippings, photographs, and drawings. The ledgers contains the minutes of meetings held from 1909-1919 and 1955 to 1962, as well as a roll of the members for each term. The collection also includes photographs and slides of group activities including Freshman Commission, Religious Emphasis Week, food drives, and conferences."],"names_coll_ssim":["Longwood University -- : Students.","Young Women's Christian Association"],"names_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","Young Women's Christian Association","Longwood University -- : Students."],"corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","Young Women's Christian Association","Longwood University -- : Students."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":92,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:39:02.599Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_158_c01_c17"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"YWCA Youth Services","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records","Series VII--Committees and Programs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records","Series VII--Committees and Programs"],"text":["Richmond YWCA records","Series VII--Committees and Programs","YWCA Youth Services","box 69"],"title_filing_ssi":"YWCA Youth Services","title_ssm":["YWCA Youth Services"],"title_tesim":["YWCA Youth Services"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["YWCA Youth Services"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":806,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Case study files are restricted"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No restrictions on use."],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"containers_ssim":["box 69"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#171","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_77","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_77.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"text":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77","Richmond YWCA records","Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Case study files are restricted","The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.","The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. ","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.","The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.","No restrictions on use.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 177","/repositories/5/resources/77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond YWCA records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond YWCA records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No restrictions on use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift from the YWCA of Greater Richmond to the Special Collections and Archives Department on 8 March, 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Social action -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Youth -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women -- Sources -- Services for -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond","Young Women's Christian associations -- Virginia -- Richmond","Social group work -- Sources -- History -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["42.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCase study files are restricted\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Case study files are restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The executive director's files are arranged alphabetically by subject. The series are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically. Scrapbooks are located in the oversize area with other scrapbooks. The collection is arranged in 11 series: Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977); Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977); Series III--Constitution, History and Documents (1893-1969); Series IV--Budgets (1922-1977); Series V--Camps (1932-1970); Series VI--Case Studies (n.d.) [Restricted]; Series VII--Committees and Programs (1916-1980); Series VIII--General Files (1933-1980); Series IX--City Study (n.d.); Series X--Photographs; Series XI--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The YWCA is a national and world-wide fellowship of individuals who strive to help girls develop in all areas. Principles and goals are implemented in their daily interaction with members of the organization, such as building moral character and developing leadership qualities to teach teamwork. Training girls and young women to grow in the knowledge and love of God is another characteristic that the YWCA incorporates in their daily interaction. ","Among others in the meeting at St. Paul's Church in Richmond, Mrs. Emily Fairfax Whittle was the primary founder of the YWCA of Greater Richmond in May 16, 1887. Mrs. Whittle and others in the meeting wanted to help the women who left the shelter of their home to seek outside fortune. As a result of the group's concern, the association's purpose was to protect and provide help for those women who left their home. It was not until 1890 when the association was chartered and Mrs. Whittle was the first president. Several years later, the organization strengthened and was able to buy two connecting houses. The houses accommodated 45 girls. By 1906, the name was amended to the Young Womens Christian Association. A progressive era of the association had developed with Hawes as president in 1911. Under her services, the Phyllis Wheatly Branch for colored women was established and they also became affiliated with the National YMCA. Since 1924, they have been a member of the United Givers Fund and many other supportive organizations that help better the nation. By 1932, the association was becoming involved in group programs for girls, such as day camps and Y-teens. In 1950, clubs were formed, such as the city wide club. Current situations that continue to influence the world or the complexities of our modern life are issues the YWCA addresses through programs and meetings.The records of the executive directors begin with Mrs. Cromwell in 1947. The last record on file is in 1977 with Mrs. Robinson as executive director."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond YWCA Archives, M 177, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of general files, committee minutes, forms from various camps, scrapbooks, photographs and case studies. The materials cover the period from 1893 to 1980. The majority of the materials in the Executive Director Files are organizations affiliated with the YWCA. Few of the Executive Director Files contain minutes or correspondence from the executive directors branch in Richmond. Activities held on the Richmond premises are documented in the executive director's files. A majority of the Board of Director files are based on board minutes, related information, and the nominating committee files. Materials from the Constitution, History, and Documents files contain revisions of their constitution and bylaws. There are also many documents on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. National documents are included in the files as well, such as national convention documents.","Series I--Executive Director (1947-1977) The YWCA has been active in their community and around the nation. Programs that help individuals and provide fellowship for everyone are common goals of the organizations that are affiliated with the YWCA. The USO, United Service Organization, in 1950-1958 was one of the earliest documented organizations they participated in to help women and girls grow in all areas. In 1951-1957, the YWCA was a member of the Richmond Area Community Chest. Newsletters, legislative matters, and recreation agencies are ways the YWCA contributed as a member of the organization. After the Community Chest changed their name to The United Givers Fund, the YWCA continued as a member from 1962-1967. In 1958, they joined the Recreation and Roundtable and they continued as a member until 1977. The Richmond International Council, from 1964-1971, was another program the YWCA was involved in to help the people of Richmond. The National Interracial Project, from 1945-1956, was documented as one of the earliest projects the YWCA joined. In 1969-1970, the YWCA continued to support anti-racism through a project called Eliminating Racism. Moreover, they became politically involved in many issues that was advocating individual rights. By 1947, the YWCA was a member of The Virginia Child Labor Committee. Their goal was to try to amend the old Virginia Labor Law. Two executive committee minutes that are documented are in 1947 and 1949. The only documented correspondence is in 1952 with Mrs. Dorothy Richardson as the executive director. The first documented executive director is in 1947 with Mrs. Lillie V.Cromwell as the executive director. There were programs that were created from the YWCA and held at the YWCA site, such as the summer youth programs from 1968-1970. The Saturday night dances were also held at the YWCA from 1948-1954. The joint building project for the YWCA and YMCA was discussed and planned from 1947-1957. The types of materials in the folders are pamphlets, papers, newsletters, and bound books with their agendas and finances.","Series II--Board of Directors (1904-1977) The Board of Directors files consists of three main categories- minutes, nominating committee, and general information on the Richmond YWCA. Board of Director files that include general information on the YWCA range from 1904-1977. These documents include information about resignations of employees, the YWCA's philosophies, and insight on the members. The years 1910-1917, 1925, 1929, 1930, and 1931 are not included in the board files. Board of Director's minutes span the years 1919 to 1971 except for the years 1929, 1939, 1949, 1960, 1963, and 1963. The nominating committee suggested names and nominated members for vacancies on the Board of Directors. Records of the nominating committee date from 1936 to 1977 with the following gaps: 1937, 1974, and 1975. A subseries is designated as Annual Reports in the Board of Directors file that consists of all the committee minutes and general reports on the committees. Subseries A consists of the Annual reports from 1893-1977 except for the following years: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1944, 1960-68, 1972, 1973, and 1975. Annual reports include reports on the committees in the YWCA. Moreover, statistical, narrative, and membership monthly reports are included in the Annual reports. Some Annual reports are in bound books, notebooks, or loose documents. The Index to Committees in the Annual reports are the minutes of committee meetings. From 1960-1968, Annual reports are filed under a different heading called the Departmental reports, but contain the same type of information as the Annual reports of earlier years. Minutes from the Annual report, board, and executive committees are listed in the Index to the Committee. Reports of general and assistant secretaries can also be found in the index files. From 1960-1977 there are yearly booklets of the YWCA's annual searchlights, noting memorable days of that particular year. Moreover, the searchlight booklets include the members on the board, trustees, and short reports on the departments. A service was held each year and the searchlight was used in the service.","Series III-Constitution, History, and Documents (1892-1985). The YWCA of Greater Richmond revised their constitution and by laws many times throughout the year; however the following years are documented: 1929, 1936, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1966, 1969, and 1975. Anniversaries were shared and celebrated among members of the YWCA. Pamphlets and documents concerning anniversary celebrations are documented in 1892, 1915, 1939, 1948, and 1962. There are lot of materials on the history of the YWCA in Greater Richmond. Dates, times, and places are documented to show the improvements and advancements of the organization. Layouts of the different branches are also provided in the files. National YWCA information is also included in the files, such as the national conventions. The following years are documented: 1915, 1936, 1946, 1949, 1955, 1969, 1970, and 1976. Annual reports of the national YWCA are documented in 1898 and 1959-61. The meetings were held in Quebec and New York. Moreover, the national YWCA devised a standards study booklet in 1936-1938. Biennial conferences and conventions of the International YWCA are documented in 1897, 1899, 1911, and 1913."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","YWCA (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1226,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:14:44.484Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_77_c07_c172"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Y-Z","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641_c01_c02_c24"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah  records","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah  records","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z"],"text":["Shenandoah  records","Series 1: Correspondence by Editor","James Boatwright","Surname: Y-Z","Y-Z","box 12","folder 52"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y-Z","title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"title_tesim":["Y-Z"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1963-1965, 1968-1969, 1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1963/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y-Z"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah  records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":655,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal. ","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 52"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#23/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:18.621Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_641.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Shenandoah  records","title_ssm":["Shenandoah  records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah  records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641"],"text":["WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641","Shenandoah  records","Poetry","American prose literature","This collection is open for research use but must be accessed in person in the Special Collections and Archives reading room. The majority of the collection falls under various copyright and intellectual property rights laws. To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher. ","This site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.","Researchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.","While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal. ","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room.","This collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. Series 5 contains subject files that do not fit within other series. Series 6 contains letters of agreement. This series is restricted because the agreements include contributor social security numbers.","From https://shenandoahliterary.org/about/","Shenandoah  was founded in 1950 by a group of Washington and Lee University faculty members and undergraduates, Tom Wolfe among them. For a brief time it was primarily an undergraduate magazine, but under the leadership of student editor Tom Carter,  Shenandoah  became a quarterly, publishing a cast of international writers including e e cummings, Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, James Merrill, Ezra Pound, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.","Former editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith. ","Spring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.","Winter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. Hall, Jr.","Summer 1951-Autumn 1953: Thomas Carter","Winter 1953-Summer 1954: Raymond D. Smith, Jr.","Winter 1954-Summer 1956: Edward M. Hood","Winter 1956-Summer 1958: M. Maxwell Caskie, III","Autumn 1958: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1959: Paxton Davis","Spring 1959: James G. Leyburn","Autumn 1959: Marvin B. Perry, Jr.","Winter 1960: Lynwood D. Zinn","Spring 1960: Randolph M. Bulgin","Autumn 1960: William W. Pusey, III","Winter 1961: Bond Johnson, III","Spring 1961: Edward B. Hamer","Autumn 1961: Marshall W. Fishwick","Winter 1962: Douglas Day","Spring 1962: Cecil D. Eby, Jr.","Summer 1962: B. S. Stephenson","Autumn 1962-1988: James Boatwright","1988-1995: Dabney Stuart","1995-2018: R. T. Smith","2018- : Beth Staples","Shenandoah  ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\n View materials in this collection online.","Thomas H. Carter Papers (WLU-Coll-0004)","Dabney Stuart Papers (WLU-Coll-0364)","This collection record material of the Washington and Lee University's literary magazine  Shenandoah . The records include correspondence created by and sent to editors of the publication, financial records, its constitution, reprint permissions, galley proofs, manuscripts, copyright assignments, and subject files. ","The bulk of the collection is from the tenure of editor James Boatwright. The subject matter of the correspondence varies but is primarily from contributors. Correspondents include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, J. R. R. Tolkien, E. E. Cummings, Eudora Welty, Joyce Carol Oates, James McCourt, George Plimpton, Tom Wolfe, and Flannery O'Connor. The correspondence creating during both Boatwright and Dabney Stuart's tenure may also include letters written or received by  Shenandoah  staff including Helen Schuyler, Sue Stewart, and Lynn Williams.","Researchers are expected to review the access retrictions associated with this collection prior to a virtual inquiry and/or in-person visit.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.29","/repositories/5/resources/641"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah  records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah  records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah  records"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poetry","American prose literature"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poetry","American prose literature"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.0 Linear Feet 34 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["17.0 Linear Feet 34 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use but must be accessed in person in the Special Collections and Archives reading room. The majority of the collection falls under various copyright and intellectual property rights laws. To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. 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To ensure compliance with literary estates and federal law, we will not digitize items from this collection without the expressed written permission by the appropriate entities. Special Collections and Archives staff will not serve as the intermediary between researchers and literary estates or living contributors. That responsibility falls solely to the researcher. ","This site can help determine copyright holders: https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/.","Researchers are restricted from viewing letters of agreement because they include personal privacy information. These documents are restricted for 75 years plus one day from year of creation.","While Washington and Lee University may own the physical documents contained within this collection, the content of the correspondence from contributors and their submitted manuscripts fall under copyright. The manuscripts in this collection, both prose and poetry, were published in the journal. ","Several individuals whose letters and/or manuscripts are included in this colleague have estates which manage their intellectual property rights. The Special Collections and Archives staff will not reproduce material by these individuals which would result in copyright violation. Access will only be allowed in the Special Collections and Archives reading room."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. Series 5 contains subject files that do not fit within other series. Series 6 contains letters of agreement. This series is restricted because the agreements include contributor social security numbers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Collection Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged in six series. Series 1 contains the correspondence of past editors with the majority created during the tenure of James Boatwright. The files are arranged by surname. In his correspondence files, Boatwright sometimes included letters by, to, and about specific contributors into one file. Series 2 includes both prose and poetry that was submitted and accepted for publication. They are arranged by the volume/number they were published in. Series 3 contains galley proofs. Series 4 includes permission requests for reprints and requests for copyright assignments. 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From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026amp;L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFormer editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. Hall, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1951-Autumn 1953: Thomas Carter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1953-Summer 1954: Raymond D. Smith, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1954-Summer 1956: Edward M. Hood\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1956-Summer 1958: M. Maxwell Caskie, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1958: Marshall W. Fishwick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1959: Paxton Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1959: James G. Leyburn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1959: Marvin B. Perry, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1960: Lynwood D. Zinn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1960: Randolph M. Bulgin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1960: William W. Pusey, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1961: Bond Johnson, III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1961: Edward B. Hamer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1961: Marshall W. Fishwick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 1962: Douglas Day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1962: Cecil D. Eby, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer 1962: B. S. Stephenson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutumn 1962-1988: James Boatwright\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1988-1995: Dabney Stuart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1995-2018: R. T. Smith\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2018- : Beth Staples\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note","Chronology of Editors"],"bioghist_tesim":["From https://shenandoahliterary.org/about/","Shenandoah  was founded in 1950 by a group of Washington and Lee University faculty members and undergraduates, Tom Wolfe among them. For a brief time it was primarily an undergraduate magazine, but under the leadership of student editor Tom Carter,  Shenandoah  became a quarterly, publishing a cast of international writers including e e cummings, Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, James Merrill, Ezra Pound, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. From the 1960s to the 1980s, Washington and Lee faculty member James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a thirty-fifth anniversary anthology. After Boatwright's death in 1988, Dabney Stuart took over as editor. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the magazine's first full-time editor. In 2011, Shenandoah moved online, and is now a web magazine that publishes semiannually. In August 2018, after the retirement of R. T. Smith, Beth Staples took over as editor. Shenandoah is now part of W\u0026L's English Department and, under Beth's direction, is supported by a class of undergraduate interns studying editing and publishing.","Former editors include Tom Wolfe, Tom Carter, James Boatwright, Dabney Stuart, and R. T. Smith. ","Spring 1950-Summer 1950: J. J. Donovan, D. C. G. Kerr, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr.","Winter 1950-Spring 1951: W. H. Adams, Thomas K. Wolfe, Jr., J. A. F. 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Smith","2018- : Beth Staples"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah\u003c/emph\u003e ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\n\u003ca href=\"http://shenandoahliterary.org/\"\u003eView materials in this collection online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Online Access for Digital Issues"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Shenandoah  ceased publishing print journals and went fully online starting with Volume 61.\n View materials in this collection online."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Record Group 29: Shenandoah Records, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Record Group 29: Shenandoah Records, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Carter Papers (WLU-Coll-0004)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDabney Stuart Papers (WLU-Coll-0364)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Thomas H. Carter Papers (WLU-Coll-0004)","Dabney Stuart Papers (WLU-Coll-0364)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection record material of the Washington and Lee University's literary magazine \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah\u003c/emph\u003e. The records include correspondence created by and sent to editors of the publication, financial records, its constitution, reprint permissions, galley proofs, manuscripts, copyright assignments, and subject files. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is from the tenure of editor James Boatwright. The subject matter of the correspondence varies but is primarily from contributors. 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The correspondence creating during both Boatwright and Dabney Stuart's tenure may also include letters written or received by  Shenandoah  staff including Helen Schuyler, Sue Stewart, and Lynn Williams.","Researchers are expected to review the access retrictions associated with this collection prior to a virtual inquiry and/or in-person visit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Moore Jr. papers","I. Congressional papers","D. Constituent services","Correspondence and casework"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers","I. Congressional papers","D. Constituent services","Correspondence and casework"],"text":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers","I. Congressional papers","D. Constituent services","Correspondence and casework","Y - Z","English .","Box I.D. - 115","Folder 12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Y - Z","title_ssm":["Y - Z"],"title_tesim":["Y - Z"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Y - Z"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3854,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Arch A. Moore Jr. congressional papers are processed and open for research. ","The Arch A. Moore Jr. gubernatorial papers are unprocessed, but permission to access materials may be given at the curator's discretion. "],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"date_range_isim":[1968],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Box I.D. - 115","Folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#0/components#2281","timestamp":"2026-05-07T15:13:44.533Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_965","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_965","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/173832","title_ssm":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2862","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/965"],"text":["A\u0026M 2862","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/965","Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States. Congress -- Archives","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Emigration and immigration law -- United States","Civil rights -- United States -- History","Interstate Highway System","Politicians -- United States","The Arch A. Moore Jr. congressional papers are processed and open for research. ","The Arch A. Moore Jr. gubernatorial papers are unprocessed, but permission to access materials may be given at the curator's discretion. ","The papers are arranged into three subgroups - Congressional papers, Gubernatorial papers, and Personal papers - , and each subgroup is further arranged into series.","Arch Alfred Moore Jr. served three terms as Governor of West Virginia (1969-1977, 1985-1989). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. ","Arch Moore was born in Moundsville, WV, on April 16, 1923, to Arch Alfred Moore Sr. and Genevieve Elizabeth Jones. He graduated from Moundsville High School and worked in various jobs, including as a timekeeper for the Bechtel Corporation. ","In 1943, he was drafted into the military and selected for Officers Training School and the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), which put soldiers into accelerated courses in various disciplines. He was placed at Lafayette College (near Allentown, PA), to study engineering and train as a soldier. Following D-Day on June 6, 1944, the Army terminated the ASTP. Moore was assigned to Company G, 334th Regiment of the 84th Infantry Division and sent to Europe where he served as a combat sergeant. In a battle in November 1944, 33 of his 36-man platoon died, and Sgt. Moore was severely wounded when a bullet ripped through the side of his face. He was transferred to Liege, Belgium, where his face was reconstructed, and he used public speaking as part of his physical therapy. He was awarded a Bronze Star and Purple Heart for his service and was shipped home in March 1946. ","Moore enrolled at West Virginia University in Morgantown, WV, in June 1946, entering school as a junior with the credits transferred from Lafayette College. He majored in political science and became a well-known figure on campus through involvement with extra-curricular activities. He was a member and president of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, wrote the first WVU student body constitution, and served as student body president. He organized fundraising for the Mountaineer Mascot statue and started Mountaineer Day, which later became Mountaineer Week. After completing his bachelor's degree, Moore enrolled at WVU College of Law. ","While at WVU, Moore met Sadie Shelley Riley (known as Shelley), an undergraduate student from Uniontown, PA. In August 1949, Shelley and Arch married. Shelley worked in the film section of WVU Library, and Arch finished his law degree in May 1951. They then moved to Moundsville where Arch practiced law with his uncle Everett Moore, a politician and prominent attorney. ","Arch and Shelley had three children together, Arch A. (Kim) Moore III, Shelley Wellons, and Lucy St. Clair. Daughter Shelley would go on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001-2014) and the U.S Senate (2015-present). ","In 1952, Moore began his political career when he won his uncle's former seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates. After serving two years, he became the 1954 Republican nominee for the First District congressional seat, but he lost to sitting Congressman Robert Mollohan. In 1956, Mollohan left Congress to run for governor, and Moore won the seat over Democratic candidate C. Lee Spillers in a close race. Moore went on to serve six terms in Congress, 1957-1969, winning as a Republican in a predominantly Democratic state. Moore's district expanded after the 1960 census resulted in eliminating a West Virginia congressional district. Moore defeated Congressman Cleve Bailey to represent the new 13-county district. ","In the House of Representatives, Moore served on the Judiciary Committee (1957-1969); the Select Small Business Committee (1957-1969); and the National Republican Congressional Committee (1957-1969) and Committee on Committees (1959-1969). He also served on several subcommittees, including the Immigration and Nationality Subcommittee (1959-1969); the Special Subcommittee on State Taxation and Interstate Commerce (1961-1969); and the Distribution Problems Affecting Small Businesses Subcommittee (1957-1967). Moore also served as the ranking Republican on the Select House Committee to investigate Representative Adam Clayton Powell in 1967. ","During his congressional career, he supported civil rights and public works bills and was involved in several significant pieces of legislation. As a member of the Judiciary Committee, he worked on The Criminal Justice Act of 1963, The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, and The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. He made numerous international trips, in particular visiting Vietnam several times during the war. During one such trip in 1966 the helicopter he was riding in was struck by a bullet, disabling the rotors and forcing it to land. ","After six terms in Congress, Moore ran for governor of West Virginia and was elected in 1968. He served two consecutive terms (1969-1977) and one nonconsecutive (1985-1989), making him the only person to serve three terms as governor of West Virginia. His tenure was characterized by extensive road building and investments in public education, welfare, and mental health.  ","Shelley Moore also made impacts as First Lady, championing issues related to mental health, education, and libraries. She opened the Governor's Mansion to public tours and founded the West Virginia Mansion Preservation Foundation in 1985, raising funds to redecorate and preserve the building. She was active in numerous organizations, including the Girl Scouts, the Junior League of Wheeling, the American Red Cross, and the Montgomery (Maryland) County Cerebral Palsy Association. She was the longest serving first lady of West Virginia. ","During his first term, Moore made headlines for firing more than 2,000 highway workers who went on strike, and he played a key negotiating role when thousands of miners went on strike over black lung benefits, leading to the disease's designation as a mining disability. In 1970, the Governor's Succession Amendment was ratified to the West Virginia constitution, allowing Moore to be the first governor to succeed himself since the 1870s. In 1972, he ran a heavily publicized election in which he defeated Jay Rockefeller.  ","As Governor, Arch made significant changes to the welfare and education systems, increasing monthly payments for about 20,000 families with dependent children and beginning payments for thousands of blind, aged, and disabled individuals. He supported legislation to open public kindergartens for five-year-old children, adopting the national trend in West Virginia. In an effort to bring more tourists to the state, he was instrumental in building Charleston's Cultural Center. ","With funds from the state Roads Development Amendment, federal support through the Appalachian Regional Commission, and money remaining from the 1964 road bond, Moore was able to undertake one of the state's largest highway expansion projects. By the end of Moore's terms, part or all of Interstates 64, 68, and 79, as well as the West Virginia Turnpike, would be completed. Construction of the New River Gorge Bridge also began, and once finished, it would be at the time the world's longest single-span arch bridge. ","Moore's tenure as governor also engendered criticisms and corruption charges. He faced disapproval for abruptly reducing a $100 million settlement with Pittston Coal Company to $1 million for cleanup charges for the 1972 Buffalo Creek disaster. In 1975, Moore and an aide were indicted on charges of extortion but were acquitted. Toward the end of his third term, more corruption charges were filed, and in 1990, Moore was found guilty of federal charges of mail fraud, tax fraud, extortion, and obstruction of justice. He served three years of a five-year prison term and was released in 1993. Though he pled guilty, he later maintained his innocence. ","Arch Moore died January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV, at the age of 91.","Sources: ","Crouser, Brad. Arch: The Life of Governor Arch A. Moore, Jr. West Virginia: Woodland Press, LLC, 2006. ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Arch Moore.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2032","Gutman, David. \"Shelley Riley Moore, former first lady of West Virginia, dies.\" Charleston Gazette-Mail. September 13, 2014. https://www.wvgazettemail.com/obituaries/shelley-riley-moore-former-first-lady-of-west-virginia-dies/article_1bf553b0-0cf9-562b-b316-e442b26cfedd.html","Powell, Bob. \"Governor Moore fires striking highway workers.\" West Virginia Public Broadcasting. March 14, 1969. http://wvpublic.org/post/march-14-1969-governor-moore-fires-striking-highway-workers#stream/0 ","Roberts, Sam. \"Arch Moore, Trailblazing West Virginia Governor, Dies at 91.\" The New York Times. January 8, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/09/us/arch-moore-91-w-virginia-trail-blazer-dies.html ","U.S. National Park Service. \"New River Gorge Bridge - New River Gorge National River.\" Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/neri/planyourvisit/nrgbridge.htm","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","The Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","Processed 2017-ongoing, by Danielle Emerling, Ashley Brooker, Alison McCauley, Shannon Rowe, Lydia Strickling","\nCongressman Nick Joe Rahall papers, 1977-2015\n","\nSenator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller papers, 1985-2014\n","\nCongressman Harley O. Staggers Sr. papers, 1948-1980\n","The Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his career in the U.S. House of Representatives and his three terms as governor of West Virginia. A small number of materials relate to his personal law practice. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, photographs, maps, and memorabilia.","The first subgroup, Congressional papers, contains press, legislative, and constituent services materials from his tenure in Congress, 1957-1969.","The second subgroup, Gubernatorial papers, is composed of correspondence, photographs, staff files, and department files from Moore's three terms as governor of West Virginia.","The third subgroup, Personal papers, consists of materials relating to Moore's personal law practice. ","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Arch Alfred Moore Jr. (b. 1923) served two consecutive terms as Governor of West Virginia from 1969-1977 and a third term from 1985-1989. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. The Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his service as governor of West Virginia and in the U.S. Congress.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015","Materials entirely in English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2862","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Governor Arch A. 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"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into three subgroups - Congressional papers, Gubernatorial papers, and Personal papers - , and each subgroup is further arranged into series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into three subgroups - Congressional papers, Gubernatorial papers, and Personal papers - , and each subgroup is further arranged into series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArch Alfred Moore Jr. served three terms as Governor of West Virginia (1969-1977, 1985-1989). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArch Moore was born in Moundsville, WV, on April 16, 1923, to Arch Alfred Moore Sr. and Genevieve Elizabeth Jones. He graduated from Moundsville High School and worked in various jobs, including as a timekeeper for the Bechtel Corporation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1943, he was drafted into the military and selected for Officers Training School and the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), which put soldiers into accelerated courses in various disciplines. He was placed at Lafayette College (near Allentown, PA), to study engineering and train as a soldier. Following D-Day on June 6, 1944, the Army terminated the ASTP. Moore was assigned to Company G, 334th Regiment of the 84th Infantry Division and sent to Europe where he served as a combat sergeant. In a battle in November 1944, 33 of his 36-man platoon died, and Sgt. Moore was severely wounded when a bullet ripped through the side of his face. He was transferred to Liege, Belgium, where his face was reconstructed, and he used public speaking as part of his physical therapy. He was awarded a Bronze Star and Purple Heart for his service and was shipped home in March 1946. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoore enrolled at West Virginia University in Morgantown, WV, in June 1946, entering school as a junior with the credits transferred from Lafayette College. He majored in political science and became a well-known figure on campus through involvement with extra-curricular activities. He was a member and president of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, wrote the first WVU student body constitution, and served as student body president. He organized fundraising for the Mountaineer Mascot statue and started Mountaineer Day, which later became Mountaineer Week. After completing his bachelor's degree, Moore enrolled at WVU College of Law. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile at WVU, Moore met Sadie Shelley Riley (known as Shelley), an undergraduate student from Uniontown, PA. In August 1949, Shelley and Arch married. Shelley worked in the film section of WVU Library, and Arch finished his law degree in May 1951. They then moved to Moundsville where Arch practiced law with his uncle Everett Moore, a politician and prominent attorney. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArch and Shelley had three children together, Arch A. (Kim) Moore III, Shelley Wellons, and Lucy St. Clair. Daughter Shelley would go on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001-2014) and the U.S Senate (2015-present). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, Moore began his political career when he won his uncle's former seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates. After serving two years, he became the 1954 Republican nominee for the First District congressional seat, but he lost to sitting Congressman Robert Mollohan. In 1956, Mollohan left Congress to run for governor, and Moore won the seat over Democratic candidate C. Lee Spillers in a close race. Moore went on to serve six terms in Congress, 1957-1969, winning as a Republican in a predominantly Democratic state. Moore's district expanded after the 1960 census resulted in eliminating a West Virginia congressional district. Moore defeated Congressman Cleve Bailey to represent the new 13-county district. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the House of Representatives, Moore served on the Judiciary Committee (1957-1969); the Select Small Business Committee (1957-1969); and the National Republican Congressional Committee (1957-1969) and Committee on Committees (1959-1969). He also served on several subcommittees, including the Immigration and Nationality Subcommittee (1959-1969); the Special Subcommittee on State Taxation and Interstate Commerce (1961-1969); and the Distribution Problems Affecting Small Businesses Subcommittee (1957-1967). Moore also served as the ranking Republican on the Select House Committee to investigate Representative Adam Clayton Powell in 1967. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his congressional career, he supported civil rights and public works bills and was involved in several significant pieces of legislation. As a member of the Judiciary Committee, he worked on The Criminal Justice Act of 1963, The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, and The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. He made numerous international trips, in particular visiting Vietnam several times during the war. During one such trip in 1966 the helicopter he was riding in was struck by a bullet, disabling the rotors and forcing it to land. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter six terms in Congress, Moore ran for governor of West Virginia and was elected in 1968. He served two consecutive terms (1969-1977) and one nonconsecutive (1985-1989), making him the only person to serve three terms as governor of West Virginia. His tenure was characterized by extensive road building and investments in public education, welfare, and mental health.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShelley Moore also made impacts as First Lady, championing issues related to mental health, education, and libraries. She opened the Governor's Mansion to public tours and founded the West Virginia Mansion Preservation Foundation in 1985, raising funds to redecorate and preserve the building. She was active in numerous organizations, including the Girl Scouts, the Junior League of Wheeling, the American Red Cross, and the Montgomery (Maryland) County Cerebral Palsy Association. She was the longest serving first lady of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his first term, Moore made headlines for firing more than 2,000 highway workers who went on strike, and he played a key negotiating role when thousands of miners went on strike over black lung benefits, leading to the disease's designation as a mining disability. In 1970, the Governor's Succession Amendment was ratified to the West Virginia constitution, allowing Moore to be the first governor to succeed himself since the 1870s. In 1972, he ran a heavily publicized election in which he defeated Jay Rockefeller.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs Governor, Arch made significant changes to the welfare and education systems, increasing monthly payments for about 20,000 families with dependent children and beginning payments for thousands of blind, aged, and disabled individuals. He supported legislation to open public kindergartens for five-year-old children, adopting the national trend in West Virginia. In an effort to bring more tourists to the state, he was instrumental in building Charleston's Cultural Center. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith funds from the state Roads Development Amendment, federal support through the Appalachian Regional Commission, and money remaining from the 1964 road bond, Moore was able to undertake one of the state's largest highway expansion projects. By the end of Moore's terms, part or all of Interstates 64, 68, and 79, as well as the West Virginia Turnpike, would be completed. Construction of the New River Gorge Bridge also began, and once finished, it would be at the time the world's longest single-span arch bridge. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoore's tenure as governor also engendered criticisms and corruption charges. He faced disapproval for abruptly reducing a $100 million settlement with Pittston Coal Company to $1 million for cleanup charges for the 1972 Buffalo Creek disaster. In 1975, Moore and an aide were indicted on charges of extortion but were acquitted. Toward the end of his third term, more corruption charges were filed, and in 1990, Moore was found guilty of federal charges of mail fraud, tax fraud, extortion, and obstruction of justice. He served three years of a five-year prison term and was released in 1993. Though he pled guilty, he later maintained his innocence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArch Moore died January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV, at the age of 91.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrouser, Brad. Arch: The Life of Governor Arch A. Moore, Jr. West Virginia: Woodland Press, LLC, 2006. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"Arch Moore.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2032\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGutman, David. \"Shelley Riley Moore, former first lady of West Virginia, dies.\" Charleston Gazette-Mail. September 13, 2014. https://www.wvgazettemail.com/obituaries/shelley-riley-moore-former-first-lady-of-west-virginia-dies/article_1bf553b0-0cf9-562b-b316-e442b26cfedd.html\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePowell, Bob. \"Governor Moore fires striking highway workers.\" West Virginia Public Broadcasting. March 14, 1969. http://wvpublic.org/post/march-14-1969-governor-moore-fires-striking-highway-workers#stream/0 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoberts, Sam. \"Arch Moore, Trailblazing West Virginia Governor, Dies at 91.\" The New York Times. January 8, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/09/us/arch-moore-91-w-virginia-trail-blazer-dies.html \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU.S. National Park Service. \"New River Gorge Bridge - New River Gorge National River.\" Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/neri/planyourvisit/nrgbridge.htm\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arch Alfred Moore Jr. served three terms as Governor of West Virginia (1969-1977, 1985-1989). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. ","Arch Moore was born in Moundsville, WV, on April 16, 1923, to Arch Alfred Moore Sr. and Genevieve Elizabeth Jones. He graduated from Moundsville High School and worked in various jobs, including as a timekeeper for the Bechtel Corporation. ","In 1943, he was drafted into the military and selected for Officers Training School and the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), which put soldiers into accelerated courses in various disciplines. He was placed at Lafayette College (near Allentown, PA), to study engineering and train as a soldier. Following D-Day on June 6, 1944, the Army terminated the ASTP. Moore was assigned to Company G, 334th Regiment of the 84th Infantry Division and sent to Europe where he served as a combat sergeant. In a battle in November 1944, 33 of his 36-man platoon died, and Sgt. Moore was severely wounded when a bullet ripped through the side of his face. He was transferred to Liege, Belgium, where his face was reconstructed, and he used public speaking as part of his physical therapy. He was awarded a Bronze Star and Purple Heart for his service and was shipped home in March 1946. ","Moore enrolled at West Virginia University in Morgantown, WV, in June 1946, entering school as a junior with the credits transferred from Lafayette College. He majored in political science and became a well-known figure on campus through involvement with extra-curricular activities. He was a member and president of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, wrote the first WVU student body constitution, and served as student body president. He organized fundraising for the Mountaineer Mascot statue and started Mountaineer Day, which later became Mountaineer Week. After completing his bachelor's degree, Moore enrolled at WVU College of Law. ","While at WVU, Moore met Sadie Shelley Riley (known as Shelley), an undergraduate student from Uniontown, PA. In August 1949, Shelley and Arch married. Shelley worked in the film section of WVU Library, and Arch finished his law degree in May 1951. They then moved to Moundsville where Arch practiced law with his uncle Everett Moore, a politician and prominent attorney. ","Arch and Shelley had three children together, Arch A. (Kim) Moore III, Shelley Wellons, and Lucy St. Clair. Daughter Shelley would go on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001-2014) and the U.S Senate (2015-present). ","In 1952, Moore began his political career when he won his uncle's former seat in the West Virginia House of Delegates. After serving two years, he became the 1954 Republican nominee for the First District congressional seat, but he lost to sitting Congressman Robert Mollohan. In 1956, Mollohan left Congress to run for governor, and Moore won the seat over Democratic candidate C. Lee Spillers in a close race. Moore went on to serve six terms in Congress, 1957-1969, winning as a Republican in a predominantly Democratic state. Moore's district expanded after the 1960 census resulted in eliminating a West Virginia congressional district. Moore defeated Congressman Cleve Bailey to represent the new 13-county district. ","In the House of Representatives, Moore served on the Judiciary Committee (1957-1969); the Select Small Business Committee (1957-1969); and the National Republican Congressional Committee (1957-1969) and Committee on Committees (1959-1969). He also served on several subcommittees, including the Immigration and Nationality Subcommittee (1959-1969); the Special Subcommittee on State Taxation and Interstate Commerce (1961-1969); and the Distribution Problems Affecting Small Businesses Subcommittee (1957-1967). Moore also served as the ranking Republican on the Select House Committee to investigate Representative Adam Clayton Powell in 1967. ","During his congressional career, he supported civil rights and public works bills and was involved in several significant pieces of legislation. As a member of the Judiciary Committee, he worked on The Criminal Justice Act of 1963, The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, and The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. He made numerous international trips, in particular visiting Vietnam several times during the war. During one such trip in 1966 the helicopter he was riding in was struck by a bullet, disabling the rotors and forcing it to land. ","After six terms in Congress, Moore ran for governor of West Virginia and was elected in 1968. He served two consecutive terms (1969-1977) and one nonconsecutive (1985-1989), making him the only person to serve three terms as governor of West Virginia. His tenure was characterized by extensive road building and investments in public education, welfare, and mental health.  ","Shelley Moore also made impacts as First Lady, championing issues related to mental health, education, and libraries. She opened the Governor's Mansion to public tours and founded the West Virginia Mansion Preservation Foundation in 1985, raising funds to redecorate and preserve the building. She was active in numerous organizations, including the Girl Scouts, the Junior League of Wheeling, the American Red Cross, and the Montgomery (Maryland) County Cerebral Palsy Association. She was the longest serving first lady of West Virginia. ","During his first term, Moore made headlines for firing more than 2,000 highway workers who went on strike, and he played a key negotiating role when thousands of miners went on strike over black lung benefits, leading to the disease's designation as a mining disability. In 1970, the Governor's Succession Amendment was ratified to the West Virginia constitution, allowing Moore to be the first governor to succeed himself since the 1870s. In 1972, he ran a heavily publicized election in which he defeated Jay Rockefeller.  ","As Governor, Arch made significant changes to the welfare and education systems, increasing monthly payments for about 20,000 families with dependent children and beginning payments for thousands of blind, aged, and disabled individuals. He supported legislation to open public kindergartens for five-year-old children, adopting the national trend in West Virginia. In an effort to bring more tourists to the state, he was instrumental in building Charleston's Cultural Center. ","With funds from the state Roads Development Amendment, federal support through the Appalachian Regional Commission, and money remaining from the 1964 road bond, Moore was able to undertake one of the state's largest highway expansion projects. By the end of Moore's terms, part or all of Interstates 64, 68, and 79, as well as the West Virginia Turnpike, would be completed. Construction of the New River Gorge Bridge also began, and once finished, it would be at the time the world's longest single-span arch bridge. ","Moore's tenure as governor also engendered criticisms and corruption charges. He faced disapproval for abruptly reducing a $100 million settlement with Pittston Coal Company to $1 million for cleanup charges for the 1972 Buffalo Creek disaster. In 1975, Moore and an aide were indicted on charges of extortion but were acquitted. Toward the end of his third term, more corruption charges were filed, and in 1990, Moore was found guilty of federal charges of mail fraud, tax fraud, extortion, and obstruction of justice. He served three years of a five-year prison term and was released in 1993. Though he pled guilty, he later maintained his innocence. ","Arch Moore died January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV, at the age of 91.","Sources: ","Crouser, Brad. Arch: The Life of Governor Arch A. Moore, Jr. West Virginia: Woodland Press, LLC, 2006. ","Grimes, Richard S. \"Arch Moore.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2032","Gutman, David. \"Shelley Riley Moore, former first lady of West Virginia, dies.\" Charleston Gazette-Mail. September 13, 2014. https://www.wvgazettemail.com/obituaries/shelley-riley-moore-former-first-lady-of-west-virginia-dies/article_1bf553b0-0cf9-562b-b316-e442b26cfedd.html","Powell, Bob. \"Governor Moore fires striking highway workers.\" West Virginia Public Broadcasting. March 14, 1969. http://wvpublic.org/post/march-14-1969-governor-moore-fires-striking-highway-workers#stream/0 ","Roberts, Sam. \"Arch Moore, Trailblazing West Virginia Governor, Dies at 91.\" The New York Times. January 8, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/09/us/arch-moore-91-w-virginia-trail-blazer-dies.html ","U.S. National Park Service. \"New River Gorge Bridge - New River Gorge National River.\" Accessed January 24, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/neri/planyourvisit/nrgbridge.htm"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 2862, Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 2862, Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed 2017-ongoing, by Danielle Emerling, Ashley Brooker, Alison McCauley, Shannon Rowe, Lydia Strickling\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","Processed 2017-ongoing, by Danielle Emerling, Ashley Brooker, Alison McCauley, Shannon Rowe, Lydia Strickling"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCongressman Nick Joe Rahall papers, 1977-2015\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSenator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller papers, 1985-2014\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCongressman Harley O. Staggers Sr. papers, 1948-1980\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\nCongressman Nick Joe Rahall papers, 1977-2015\n","\nSenator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller papers, 1985-2014\n","\nCongressman Harley O. Staggers Sr. papers, 1948-1980\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his career in the U.S. House of Representatives and his three terms as governor of West Virginia. A small number of materials relate to his personal law practice. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, photographs, maps, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Congressional papers, contains press, legislative, and constituent services materials from his tenure in Congress, 1957-1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Gubernatorial papers, is composed of correspondence, photographs, staff files, and department files from Moore's three terms as governor of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Personal papers, consists of materials relating to Moore's personal law practice. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his career in the U.S. House of Representatives and his three terms as governor of West Virginia. A small number of materials relate to his personal law practice. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, photographs, maps, and memorabilia.","The first subgroup, Congressional papers, contains press, legislative, and constituent services materials from his tenure in Congress, 1957-1969.","The second subgroup, Gubernatorial papers, is composed of correspondence, photographs, staff files, and department files from Moore's three terms as governor of West Virginia.","The third subgroup, Personal papers, consists of materials relating to Moore's personal law practice. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a03b6405a27157686ee6f33db05971da\"\u003eArch Alfred Moore Jr. (b. 1923) served two consecutive terms as Governor of West Virginia from 1969-1977 and a third term from 1985-1989. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. The Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his service as governor of West Virginia and in the U.S. Congress.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Arch Alfred Moore Jr. (b. 1923) served two consecutive terms as Governor of West Virginia from 1969-1977 and a third term from 1985-1989. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection for governor in 1988. Previously, he was elected as a Republican to five terms in the United States House of Representatives, serving from January 3, 1957-January 3, 1969. He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-first Congress in 1968. He died on January 7, 2015, in Charleston, WV. The Arch A. Moore Jr. papers document his service as governor of West Virginia and in the U.S. Congress."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e4349904be92faa67b3f2fffb7a642a9\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015"],"persname_ssim":["Moore, Arch A., Jr. (Arch Alfred), 1923-2015"],"language_ssim":["Materials entirely in English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16854,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-07T15:13:44.533Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_965_c01_c04_c01_c2282"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria 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