{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Newtown+%28Rockingham+County%2C+Va.%29","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Newtown+%28Rockingham+County%2C+Va.%29\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"text":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632","Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).","The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.","Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.","When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.","SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creators_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Kathleen Sullivan, wife of Robert James Sullivan Jr., in two separate donations in April 2014 and August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1946-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCity of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1952-2013\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1958-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKnown locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, E. Gay St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason St, Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEffinger St., Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason, E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5eed26077b3b31ac9a220ace1de85622\"\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"text":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632","Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).","The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.","Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.","When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.","SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creators_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Kathleen Sullivan, wife of Robert James Sullivan Jr., in two separate donations in April 2014 and August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1946-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCity of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1952-2013\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1958-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992 City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012 Personal Papers, 1952-2013 Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012 Maps, 1958-2003 Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKnown locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, E. Gay St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason St, Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEffinger St., Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason, E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons  (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).  Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5eed26077b3b31ac9a220ace1de85622\"\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Toliver, Ruth M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison 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