{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=23","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=22","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=24","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=188"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":23,"next_page":24,"prev_page":22,"total_pages":188,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":220,"total_count":1878,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Genealogy Research","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Series VII. 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Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#3","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:45.450Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.003"],"text":["Ms.1974.003","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.","The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers","In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.","The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040","The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers were donated to Virginia Tech from 1955 to 1990. The American Civil War letters of Harvey Black and the Civil War diaries of John Apperson were donated in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/38\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGermanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGlenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eA Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBiographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2503.xml\"\u003eMedical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml\"\u003eBell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Christian Union\u003c/emph\u003e publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_36b4a62ab56ab232aa259e6ea40349e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson."],"names_coll_ssim":["A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":172,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:45.450Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c07_c04"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection","SERIES I. Personal Papers,","SUBERIES D: Travel,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection","SERIES I. Personal Papers,","SUBERIES D: Travel,"],"text":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection","SERIES I. Personal Papers,","SUBERIES D: Travel,","General,"],"title_filing_ssi":"General, ","title_ssm":["General, "],"title_tesim":["General, "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General,"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":40,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Residential client's names are restricted from being publicly identified these projects may only be identified by  their location."],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:47.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2041.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rupp, Sigrid L., Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1997.006"],"text":["Ms.1997.006","Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection","Women travelers -- United States","Women -- History","Women travelers -- South America","Women travelers -- Europe","Women travelers -- Asia","Architects","Women-owned architectural firms","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Watercolors (paintings)","Diaries","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Photographs","Collection is open for research.","Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp was born January 3, 1943, in Bremerhaven, Germany.  Her family relocated to California when Rupp was ten years old (1953).  Rupp had been fascinated with the built environment since her early childhood growing up in post-war reconstruction Germany.  However, when she entered University of California-Berkeley, in 1960, she had won many small scholarships to study physics.  Her physics career lasted two semesters after which she was able to convince everyone that she should study her first love, architecture (Boulgarides).","While at Berkeley Rupp was mentored by three renowned architects and professors, Joseph Esherick, AIA, Harold Stump, and Donald Reay. Upon graduation in 1966 with a Bachelor of Architecture, Rupp worked for Van Bourg/Nakamura Associates of San Francisco, D'Amico Associates of Mill Valley, Hawley \u0026 Peterson of Mountain Valley and Spencer Associates of Palo Alto.  During this time she received her architecture license in the State of California (1971).","In 1976, Rupp stating that architecture was in the \"doldrums\" and recognizing that there was no future for her in the 'major firm' where she was currently employed decided to open her own firm exclaiming, \"I could do nothing on my own as well as for someone else\"(Boulgarides).  She served as president and principle architect for SLR/Architects from 1976 until 1998 when she closed the office.  ","SLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities, industrial work, and residential structures.  The company provided architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms: Apple Computer, Sun Microsystems, Tandem, Amdahl, Claris, Raychem, and IBM.  Other prominent clients included: AT\u0026T, Pac Bell, United Airlines, Pan Am, Stanford University and Hospital and San Jose State University.  Some of her significant projects were the Press Building and Storey House at Stanford University, an RF Testing Facility for Apple Computer (winner of an AIA Honor Award), and a six-year factory retrofit and rehab for the Raychem Corporation.  At its height SLR/Architects employed eight professional and paraprofessional staff (1987) and established an international branch SLR/International in Tel Aviv, Israel (1983). ","Rupp was active in many professional and local civic organizations.  She was a former board member and chairperson of the City of Palo Alto Architectural Review Board, former director of the Santa Clara Valley Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and former president of California Women in Environmental Design (CWED).  She also served on the boards of the New Performance Gallery in San Francisco, Theater Artaud of San Francisco, Family Planning Alternatives of Sunnyvale, Diablo Ballet of Walnut Creek and the Lawrence Pech Dance Company of San Francisco.  She was an active member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and the Union Internationale des Femmes Architectes (UIFA). ","An ardent champion for women's rights, Rupp stated that she became involved in women's issues \"…simply because I did not want there to be any [women's issues]. It seemed that the time for gender differences should be long over.\"  She was a mentor to many women and minorities in the course of her practice encouraging and facilitating their entry into architecture.  ","In retirement, Rupp turned her attention to painting and traveling.  Her watercolors primarily focused on California bay area landscapes and were featured in several local juried shows.  She also traveled extensively documenting her experiences in beautifully illustrated and annotated travel diaries (present in the collection).  ","Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp passed away May 27, 2004. Her legacy in her own words, \"I'd like to be remembered for dissenting when everyone else thought it easier to go with the grain even when the grain was wrong. I'd like to be remembered for being a competent architect who did competent work, a competent painter who did competent painting and someone who told good stories\" (OWA).","~~~~~~~~~~~","References:","\"Dr. James D. Boulgarides, Study Looking at Women in Architecture,\" Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp Architectural Collection (Ms1997-006) Special Collections, University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.","(Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals 2004)  http://owa-usa.org/newsletter/jul04.htm","The guide to the Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","An inventory of the collection was completed in April 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator, Special Collections Department.  The 2004 addition and the remainder of the collection was processed by Sherrie A. Bowser, February 2011.","See also  Ms1990-059 California Women in Environmental Design Records, 1990-1994 .","Rupp's collection encompasses over twenty years of her firm, SLR/Architects,  and includes administration and project files, sketches, drawings, blueprints, slides and photographs representing approximately 700 designs. The collection also contains Rupp's personal papers -- biographical information, student work, travel diaries and photographs, and artwork.  The materials range in date from 1950-2004 (bulk 1976-2004) and are divided into five series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, Project Records, and Art and Artifacts. See the contents list below for more detail about the individual series.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Residential client's names are restricted from being publicly identified these projects may only be identified by  their location.","Sigrid L. Rupp (1943-2004) was principal architect of her own firm, SLR/Architects in Palo Alto, California from 1976 to 1998. Born in Germany in 1943, she relocated to California with her family in 1953.  She earned a B. Arch. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966.  SLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities and industrial work providing architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms in the 1980s and 1990s.  The collection consists of architectural drawings, photographs, administrative and job files, contracts, and other material relating to over 700 of Rupp's projects, as well as material relating to Rupp's personal travel and artistic endeavors.   The materials in the collection range in date from 1950-2004 with the bulk of the material dating 1976-2004.","Please note:  Major portions of this collection (Boxes 1-62, 67-106, 111-125, and 160-170) are located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1997.006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"creator_ssim":["Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"creators_ssim":["Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Residential client's names are restricted from being publicly identified these projects may only be identified by  their location."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1997 with additions arriving in 2004 and 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women travelers -- United States","Women -- History","Women travelers -- South America","Women travelers -- Europe","Women travelers -- Asia","Architects","Women-owned architectural firms","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Watercolors (paintings)","Diaries","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women travelers -- United States","Women -- History","Women travelers -- South America","Women travelers -- Europe","Women travelers -- Asia","Architects","Women-owned architectural firms","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Watercolors (paintings)","Diaries","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["219 Cubic Feet 337 boxes; 2 map drawers"],"extent_tesim":["219 Cubic Feet 337 boxes; 2 map drawers"],"genreform_ssim":["Watercolors (paintings)","Diaries","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigrid Lorenzen Rupp was born January 3, 1943, in Bremerhaven, Germany.  Her family relocated to California when Rupp was ten years old (1953).  Rupp had been fascinated with the built environment since her early childhood growing up in post-war reconstruction Germany.  However, when she entered University of California-Berkeley, in 1960, she had won many small scholarships to study physics.  Her physics career lasted two semesters after which she was able to convince everyone that she should study her first love, architecture (Boulgarides).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile at Berkeley Rupp was mentored by three renowned architects and professors, Joseph Esherick, AIA, Harold Stump, and Donald Reay. Upon graduation in 1966 with a Bachelor of Architecture, Rupp worked for Van Bourg/Nakamura Associates of San Francisco, D'Amico Associates of Mill Valley, Hawley \u0026amp; Peterson of Mountain Valley and Spencer Associates of Palo Alto.  During this time she received her architecture license in the State of California (1971).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976, Rupp stating that architecture was in the \"doldrums\" and recognizing that there was no future for her in the 'major firm' where she was currently employed decided to open her own firm exclaiming, \"I could do nothing on my own as well as for someone else\"(Boulgarides).  She served as president and principle architect for SLR/Architects from 1976 until 1998 when she closed the office.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities, industrial work, and residential structures.  The company provided architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms: Apple Computer, Sun Microsystems, Tandem, Amdahl, Claris, Raychem, and IBM.  Other prominent clients included: AT\u0026amp;T, Pac Bell, United Airlines, Pan Am, Stanford University and Hospital and San Jose State University.  Some of her significant projects were the Press Building and Storey House at Stanford University, an RF Testing Facility for Apple Computer (winner of an AIA Honor Award), and a six-year factory retrofit and rehab for the Raychem Corporation.  At its height SLR/Architects employed eight professional and paraprofessional staff (1987) and established an international branch SLR/International in Tel Aviv, Israel (1983). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRupp was active in many professional and local civic organizations.  She was a former board member and chairperson of the City of Palo Alto Architectural Review Board, former director of the Santa Clara Valley Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and former president of California Women in Environmental Design (CWED).  She also served on the boards of the New Performance Gallery in San Francisco, Theater Artaud of San Francisco, Family Planning Alternatives of Sunnyvale, Diablo Ballet of Walnut Creek and the Lawrence Pech Dance Company of San Francisco.  She was an active member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and the Union Internationale des Femmes Architectes (UIFA). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn ardent champion for women's rights, Rupp stated that she became involved in women's issues \"…simply because I did not want there to be any [women's issues]. It seemed that the time for gender differences should be long over.\"  She was a mentor to many women and minorities in the course of her practice encouraging and facilitating their entry into architecture.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn retirement, Rupp turned her attention to painting and traveling.  Her watercolors primarily focused on California bay area landscapes and were featured in several local juried shows.  She also traveled extensively documenting her experiences in beautifully illustrated and annotated travel diaries (present in the collection).  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSigrid Lorenzen Rupp passed away May 27, 2004. Her legacy in her own words, \"I'd like to be remembered for dissenting when everyone else thought it easier to go with the grain even when the grain was wrong. I'd like to be remembered for being a competent architect who did competent work, a competent painter who did competent painting and someone who told good stories\" (OWA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e~~~~~~~~~~~\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Dr. James D. Boulgarides, Study Looking at Women in Architecture,\" Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp Architectural Collection (Ms1997-006) Special Collections, University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals 2004) \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://owa-usa.org/newsletter/jul04.htm\" show=\"new\" title=\"OWA memorial\"\u003ehttp://owa-usa.org/newsletter/jul04.htm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp was born January 3, 1943, in Bremerhaven, Germany.  Her family relocated to California when Rupp was ten years old (1953).  Rupp had been fascinated with the built environment since her early childhood growing up in post-war reconstruction Germany.  However, when she entered University of California-Berkeley, in 1960, she had won many small scholarships to study physics.  Her physics career lasted two semesters after which she was able to convince everyone that she should study her first love, architecture (Boulgarides).","While at Berkeley Rupp was mentored by three renowned architects and professors, Joseph Esherick, AIA, Harold Stump, and Donald Reay. Upon graduation in 1966 with a Bachelor of Architecture, Rupp worked for Van Bourg/Nakamura Associates of San Francisco, D'Amico Associates of Mill Valley, Hawley \u0026 Peterson of Mountain Valley and Spencer Associates of Palo Alto.  During this time she received her architecture license in the State of California (1971).","In 1976, Rupp stating that architecture was in the \"doldrums\" and recognizing that there was no future for her in the 'major firm' where she was currently employed decided to open her own firm exclaiming, \"I could do nothing on my own as well as for someone else\"(Boulgarides).  She served as president and principle architect for SLR/Architects from 1976 until 1998 when she closed the office.  ","SLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities, industrial work, and residential structures.  The company provided architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms: Apple Computer, Sun Microsystems, Tandem, Amdahl, Claris, Raychem, and IBM.  Other prominent clients included: AT\u0026T, Pac Bell, United Airlines, Pan Am, Stanford University and Hospital and San Jose State University.  Some of her significant projects were the Press Building and Storey House at Stanford University, an RF Testing Facility for Apple Computer (winner of an AIA Honor Award), and a six-year factory retrofit and rehab for the Raychem Corporation.  At its height SLR/Architects employed eight professional and paraprofessional staff (1987) and established an international branch SLR/International in Tel Aviv, Israel (1983). ","Rupp was active in many professional and local civic organizations.  She was a former board member and chairperson of the City of Palo Alto Architectural Review Board, former director of the Santa Clara Valley Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and former president of California Women in Environmental Design (CWED).  She also served on the boards of the New Performance Gallery in San Francisco, Theater Artaud of San Francisco, Family Planning Alternatives of Sunnyvale, Diablo Ballet of Walnut Creek and the Lawrence Pech Dance Company of San Francisco.  She was an active member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and the Union Internationale des Femmes Architectes (UIFA). ","An ardent champion for women's rights, Rupp stated that she became involved in women's issues \"…simply because I did not want there to be any [women's issues]. It seemed that the time for gender differences should be long over.\"  She was a mentor to many women and minorities in the course of her practice encouraging and facilitating their entry into architecture.  ","In retirement, Rupp turned her attention to painting and traveling.  Her watercolors primarily focused on California bay area landscapes and were featured in several local juried shows.  She also traveled extensively documenting her experiences in beautifully illustrated and annotated travel diaries (present in the collection).  ","Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp passed away May 27, 2004. Her legacy in her own words, \"I'd like to be remembered for dissenting when everyone else thought it easier to go with the grain even when the grain was wrong. I'd like to be remembered for being a competent architect who did competent work, a competent painter who did competent painting and someone who told good stories\" (OWA).","~~~~~~~~~~~","References:","\"Dr. James D. Boulgarides, Study Looking at Women in Architecture,\" Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp Architectural Collection (Ms1997-006) Special Collections, University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.","(Organization of Women Architects and Design Professionals 2004)  http://owa-usa.org/newsletter/jul04.htm"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection, Ms1997-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Sigrid L. Rupp Architectural Collection, Ms1997-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn inventory of the collection was completed in April 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator, Special Collections Department.  The 2004 addition and the remainder of the collection was processed by Sherrie A. Bowser, February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["An inventory of the collection was completed in April 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, and Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator, Special Collections Department.  The 2004 addition and the remainder of the collection was processed by Sherrie A. Bowser, February 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00686.xml\" show=\"new\" title=\"CWED\"\u003eMs1990-059 California Women in Environmental Design Records, 1990-1994\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also  Ms1990-059 California Women in Environmental Design Records, 1990-1994 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRupp's collection encompasses over twenty years of her firm, SLR/Architects,  and includes administration and project files, sketches, drawings, blueprints, slides and photographs representing approximately 700 designs. The collection also contains Rupp's personal papers -- biographical information, student work, travel diaries and photographs, and artwork.  The materials range in date from 1950-2004 (bulk 1976-2004) and are divided into five series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, Project Records, and Art and Artifacts. See the contents list below for more detail about the individual series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rupp's collection encompasses over twenty years of her firm, SLR/Architects,  and includes administration and project files, sketches, drawings, blueprints, slides and photographs representing approximately 700 designs. The collection also contains Rupp's personal papers -- biographical information, student work, travel diaries and photographs, and artwork.  The materials range in date from 1950-2004 (bulk 1976-2004) and are divided into five series: Personal Papers, Professional Papers, Office Records, Project Records, and Art and Artifacts. See the contents list below for more detail about the individual series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResidential client's names are restricted from being publicly identified these projects may only be identified by  their location.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Residential client's names are restricted from being publicly identified these projects may only be identified by  their location."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_eb53de03fb5fc1236905e7948ffdc141\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSigrid L. Rupp (1943-2004) was principal architect of her own firm, SLR/Architects in Palo Alto, California from 1976 to 1998. Born in Germany in 1943, she relocated to California with her family in 1953.  She earned a B. Arch. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966.  SLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities and industrial work providing architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms in the 1980s and 1990s.  The collection consists of architectural drawings, photographs, administrative and job files, contracts, and other material relating to over 700 of Rupp's projects, as well as material relating to Rupp's personal travel and artistic endeavors.   The materials in the collection range in date from 1950-2004 with the bulk of the material dating 1976-2004.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Sigrid L. Rupp (1943-2004) was principal architect of her own firm, SLR/Architects in Palo Alto, California from 1976 to 1998. Born in Germany in 1943, she relocated to California with her family in 1953.  She earned a B. Arch. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966.  SLR/Architects specialized in technical facilities and industrial work providing architectural services for many of the pre-eminent Silicon Valley firms in the 1980s and 1990s.  The collection consists of architectural drawings, photographs, administrative and job files, contracts, and other material relating to over 700 of Rupp's projects, as well as material relating to Rupp's personal travel and artistic endeavors.   The materials in the collection range in date from 1950-2004 with the bulk of the material dating 1976-2004."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d8b4e5f6929d6b0c933a7cb5ad221f98\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Major portions of this collection (Boxes 1-62, 67-106, 111-125, and 160-170) are located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  Major portions of this collection (Boxes 1-62, 67-106, 111-125, and 160-170) are located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Rupp, Sigrid Lorenzen, 1943-2004"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":534,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:47.802Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2041_c01_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Administrative Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Administrative Files"],"text":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Administrative Files","General"],"title_filing_ssi":"General","title_ssm":["General"],"title_tesim":["General"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":18,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":86,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:29.639Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_594.xml","title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"unitdate_ssm":["1929-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"text":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594","American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)","Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025","\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creators_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in five separate accessions between 2011 and 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1929-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1969-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCauses, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1968-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eConventions and Programming, 1968-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a851f3b5686ab7d4771a1162809cbb0b\"\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:29.639Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","vihart_repositories_4_resources_538_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records","Subject Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records","Subject Files"],"text":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records","Subject Files","General","Virginia Society of Ornithology"],"title_filing_ssi":"General","title_ssm":["General"],"title_tesim":["General"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":92,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":53,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. A USB drive containing 1,802 files in 127 folders (128 MB) is inaccessible pending migration. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The donor retains copyright for Virginia Wilderness Committee: Forty Years, Recollections in 2009 by Jim Murray, and Virginia Wilderness Bill 2000 until March 1, 2020. Otherwise, the copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"names_ssim":["Virginia Society of Ornithology"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Society of Ornithology"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:55.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_538","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_538.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0209","/repositories/4/resources/538"],"text":["SC 0209","/repositories/4/resources/538","Virginia Wilderness Committee records","George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest","Wilderness areas -- Virginia","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Newsletters","Administrative records","Maps (documents)","Legislative records","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. A USB drive containing 1,802 files in 127 folders (128 MB) is inaccessible pending migration. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 3: Subject Files is  arranged further into subseries. Series 1, 2, and 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically.","Administrative Files, 1961-2005 Legislative Files, 1962-2009 Subject Files, 1965-2009 Maps, 2002-2004","Murray, Jim.  \"The Virginia Wilderness Committee: History and Accomplishments,\" January 2012. http://www.vawilderness.org/the-virginia-wilderness-committee-history-and-accomplishments.html (accessed October 25, 2018).","The Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) consists of a group of citizens whose goal is to preserve and protect wild areas in Virginia. It was established in May 1969 during a workshop meeting organized by The Wilderness Society. The first leadership council consisted of John McKnight of Williamsburg as the first chairman, J. James  \"Jim \" Murray, as vice-chairman, and Lloyd Sumner as secretary treasurer. The VWC and The Wilderness Society immediately joined forces to found the Virginia Conservation Council in order to serve as an umbrella organization for Virginia's growing number of wilderness-oriented organizations. In 1976, the VWC played a role in adding additional acreage to the Shenandoah National Park wilderness proposal. The VWC also campaigned for the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984, a major piece of legislation that designated ten areas for wilderness protection. In the 1990s, some members of Congress opposed additional wilderness designation legislation. During this time, the VWC focused on protecting wild areas, opposing the construction of a gas pipeline through potential future wilderness designated areas, compiling and publishing a memorial book on Ernie Dickerman, an important member of the VWC who passed in 1998, and other projects. In the early 2000s, the VWC was involved in the revision of the management plan for the Thomas Jefferson National Forest, as well as with the Virginia Wilderness Act of 2000. In 2009, the Virginia Ridge and Valley Act was finally passed within an omnibus bill. The VWC had tracked and campaigned for this bill since it was first introduced in 2004. The 2009 Act designated 53,000 acres of land in Virginia as wilderness.","VWC's major concern has been working with Congress in order to pass legislation to designate specific wild areas as \"wilderness.\" With this designation, an area is entitled to a certain level of protection under the Wilderness Act of 1964. The VWC has also been concerned with beach traffic, air quality, water quality, dams, wildlife and endangered species, power lines, wilderness usage, roads, Virginia's National Forests, the National Park Service, oil drilling in the arctic, wilderness trails, eminent domain, etc.","Newspaper clippings were photocopied and originals were discarded. During initial processing, photographs were separated from their original folders and placed in a Photographs series. Folders were been rearranged into series, but the order imposed by the creator at the folder level has been generally maintained. ","In an effort to reimpose the original order of these records, the collection was reprocessed in December 2018. At this time, the files were arranged alphabetically according to subject and/or by general forest subjects, George Washington National Forest, and Jefferson National Forest. This is how the original order was described upon accession. Administrative and financial files were also grouped together. During reprocessing, all photographs were refiled in their original folders or filed into  folders based on intellectual relationship.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5032 .","Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1936-2005, SC 0143, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, SC 0083, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Lost River and Massanutten Working Circles Reports, 1912-1940, SC 0106, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, document the organization's staff and organizers, finances, meetings, newsletters, and projects which include wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas.","The donor retains copyright for Virginia Wilderness Committee: Forty Years, Recollections in 2009 by Jim Murray, and Virginia Wilderness Bill 2000 until March 1, 2020. Otherwise, the copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, comprise official records - administrative and financial records, newsletters, project and subject files - documenting the organization's activities and projects related to wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Wilderness Committee","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- Records and correspondence","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- History","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Virginia (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: National Wilderness Preservation System Act of 1964.)","Virginia Society of Ornithology","Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\"","Allen, George, 1952-","Warner, John W., 1927-","Boucher, Rick, 1946-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0209","/repositories/4/resources/538"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"geogname_ssim":["George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Wilderness Committee","Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\""],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee","Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\""],"creator_persname_ssim":["Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\""],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Wilderness Committee"],"creators_ssim":["Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\"","Virginia Wilderness Committee"],"places_ssim":["George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Jefferson National Forest"],"access_terms_ssm":["The donor retains copyright for Virginia Wilderness Committee: Forty Years, Recollections in 2009 by Jim Murray, and Virginia Wilderness Bill 2000 until March 1, 2020. Otherwise, the copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["J. James \"Jim\" Murray and Elizabeth \"Bess\" Murray donated this collection in March 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Wilderness areas -- Virginia","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Newsletters","Administrative records","Maps (documents)","Legislative records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Wilderness areas -- Virginia","Wilderness areas -- Law and legislation","Environmental protection -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Citizen participation","National parks and reserves -- United States -- Southern Region","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Forest reserves -- Multiple use","Forest reserves -- Recreational use","Forest management","Wildlife management","Wildlife refuges -- United States -- Southern Region","Forest policy -- United States -- History","Forests and forestry -- History","Lobbying -- Law and legislation","Lobbyists -- United States","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Newsletters","Administrative records","Maps (documents)","Legislative records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 cubic feet 5 boxes, 4 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["9 cubic feet 5 boxes, 4 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Newsletters","Administrative records","Maps (documents)","Legislative records"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. A USB drive containing 1,802 files in 127 folders (128 MB) is inaccessible pending migration. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. A USB drive containing 1,802 files in 127 folders (128 MB) is inaccessible pending migration. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 3: Subject Files is  arranged further into subseries. Series 1, 2, and 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1961-2005\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegislative Files, 1962-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1965-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 2002-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series. Series 3: Subject Files is  arranged further into subseries. Series 1, 2, and 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically.","Administrative Files, 1961-2005 Legislative Files, 1962-2009 Subject Files, 1965-2009 Maps, 2002-2004"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Jim.  \"The Virginia Wilderness Committee: History and Accomplishments,\" January 2012. http://www.vawilderness.org/the-virginia-wilderness-committee-history-and-accomplishments.html (accessed October 25, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murray, Jim.  \"The Virginia Wilderness Committee: History and Accomplishments,\" January 2012. http://www.vawilderness.org/the-virginia-wilderness-committee-history-and-accomplishments.html (accessed October 25, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) consists of a group of citizens whose goal is to preserve and protect wild areas in Virginia. It was established in May 1969 during a workshop meeting organized by The Wilderness Society. The first leadership council consisted of John McKnight of Williamsburg as the first chairman, J. James  \"Jim \" Murray, as vice-chairman, and Lloyd Sumner as secretary treasurer. The VWC and The Wilderness Society immediately joined forces to found the Virginia Conservation Council in order to serve as an umbrella organization for Virginia's growing number of wilderness-oriented organizations. In 1976, the VWC played a role in adding additional acreage to the Shenandoah National Park wilderness proposal. The VWC also campaigned for the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984, a major piece of legislation that designated ten areas for wilderness protection. In the 1990s, some members of Congress opposed additional wilderness designation legislation. During this time, the VWC focused on protecting wild areas, opposing the construction of a gas pipeline through potential future wilderness designated areas, compiling and publishing a memorial book on Ernie Dickerman, an important member of the VWC who passed in 1998, and other projects. In the early 2000s, the VWC was involved in the revision of the management plan for the Thomas Jefferson National Forest, as well as with the Virginia Wilderness Act of 2000. In 2009, the Virginia Ridge and Valley Act was finally passed within an omnibus bill. The VWC had tracked and campaigned for this bill since it was first introduced in 2004. The 2009 Act designated 53,000 acres of land in Virginia as wilderness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVWC's major concern has been working with Congress in order to pass legislation to designate specific wild areas as \"wilderness.\" With this designation, an area is entitled to a certain level of protection under the Wilderness Act of 1964. The VWC has also been concerned with beach traffic, air quality, water quality, dams, wildlife and endangered species, power lines, wilderness usage, roads, Virginia's National Forests, the National Park Service, oil drilling in the arctic, wilderness trails, eminent domain, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Wilderness Committee (VWC) consists of a group of citizens whose goal is to preserve and protect wild areas in Virginia. It was established in May 1969 during a workshop meeting organized by The Wilderness Society. The first leadership council consisted of John McKnight of Williamsburg as the first chairman, J. James  \"Jim \" Murray, as vice-chairman, and Lloyd Sumner as secretary treasurer. The VWC and The Wilderness Society immediately joined forces to found the Virginia Conservation Council in order to serve as an umbrella organization for Virginia's growing number of wilderness-oriented organizations. In 1976, the VWC played a role in adding additional acreage to the Shenandoah National Park wilderness proposal. The VWC also campaigned for the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984, a major piece of legislation that designated ten areas for wilderness protection. In the 1990s, some members of Congress opposed additional wilderness designation legislation. During this time, the VWC focused on protecting wild areas, opposing the construction of a gas pipeline through potential future wilderness designated areas, compiling and publishing a memorial book on Ernie Dickerman, an important member of the VWC who passed in 1998, and other projects. In the early 2000s, the VWC was involved in the revision of the management plan for the Thomas Jefferson National Forest, as well as with the Virginia Wilderness Act of 2000. In 2009, the Virginia Ridge and Valley Act was finally passed within an omnibus bill. The VWC had tracked and campaigned for this bill since it was first introduced in 2004. The 2009 Act designated 53,000 acres of land in Virginia as wilderness.","VWC's major concern has been working with Congress in order to pass legislation to designate specific wild areas as \"wilderness.\" With this designation, an area is entitled to a certain level of protection under the Wilderness Act of 1964. The VWC has also been concerned with beach traffic, air quality, water quality, dams, wildlife and endangered species, power lines, wilderness usage, roads, Virginia's National Forests, the National Park Service, oil drilling in the arctic, wilderness trails, eminent domain, etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, SC 0209, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, SC 0209, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings were photocopied and originals were discarded. During initial processing, photographs were separated from their original folders and placed in a Photographs series. Folders were been rearranged into series, but the order imposed by the creator at the folder level has been generally maintained. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an effort to reimpose the original order of these records, the collection was reprocessed in December 2018. At this time, the files were arranged alphabetically according to subject and/or by general forest subjects, George Washington National Forest, and Jefferson National Forest. This is how the original order was described upon accession. Administrative and financial files were also grouped together. During reprocessing, all photographs were refiled in their original folders or filed into  folders based on intellectual relationship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5032\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Newspaper clippings were photocopied and originals were discarded. During initial processing, photographs were separated from their original folders and placed in a Photographs series. Folders were been rearranged into series, but the order imposed by the creator at the folder level has been generally maintained. ","In an effort to reimpose the original order of these records, the collection was reprocessed in December 2018. At this time, the files were arranged alphabetically according to subject and/or by general forest subjects, George Washington National Forest, and Jefferson National Forest. This is how the original order was described upon accession. Administrative and financial files were also grouped together. During reprocessing, all photographs were refiled in their original folders or filed into  folders based on intellectual relationship.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5032 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eErnest M. Dickerman Papers, 1936-2005, SC 0143, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, SC 0083, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Lost River and Massanutten Working Circles Reports, 1912-1940, SC 0106, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ernest M. Dickerman Papers, 1936-2005, SC 0143, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Dry River District Records, 1917-1994, SC 0083, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","U.S. Forest Service, George Washington National Forest, Lost River and Massanutten Working Circles Reports, 1912-1940, SC 0106, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, document the organization's staff and organizers, finances, meetings, newsletters, and projects which include wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, document the organization's staff and organizers, finances, meetings, newsletters, and projects which include wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor retains copyright for Virginia Wilderness Committee: Forty Years, Recollections in 2009 by Jim Murray, and Virginia Wilderness Bill 2000 until March 1, 2020. Otherwise, the copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The donor retains copyright for Virginia Wilderness Committee: Forty Years, Recollections in 2009 by Jim Murray, and Virginia Wilderness Bill 2000 until March 1, 2020. Otherwise, the copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd048f3e93d7237fd7a0af43bba8444c\"\u003eThe Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, comprise official records - administrative and financial records, newsletters, project and subject files - documenting the organization's activities and projects related to wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Wilderness Committee Records, 1961-2009, comprise official records - administrative and financial records, newsletters, project and subject files - documenting the organization's activities and projects related to wilderness legislation, preservation, and protection in Virginia's national forests and other wild areas."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wilderness Society (U.S.)","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- Records and correspondence","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- History","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Virginia (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: National Wilderness Preservation System Act of 1964.)","Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\""],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Wilderness Committee","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- Records and correspondence","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- History","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Virginia (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: National Wilderness Preservation System Act of 1964.)","Virginia Society of Ornithology","Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\"","Allen, George, 1952-","Warner, John W., 1927-","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Wilderness Committee","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- Records and correspondence","Virginia Wilderness Committee -- History","United States (Title of work: Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975.)","Virginia (Title of work: Wilderness Act of 1984.)","United States (Title of work: National Wilderness Preservation System Act of 1964.)","Virginia Society of Ornithology"],"persname_ssim":["Murray, J. James","Murray, Elizabeth \"Bess\"","Allen, George, 1952-","Warner, John W., 1927-","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Arranged alphabetically by last name and chronologically within the folders."],"title_filing_ssi":"General correspondence","title_ssm":["General correspondence"],"title_tesim":["General correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":25,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":127,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to and from Dr. Baldwin. Arranged alphabetically by last name and chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence to and from Dr. Baldwin. 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Dr. Baldwin returned to William \u0026 Mary in 1944, where he rose from assistant professor of botany to chairman of the biology department over the course of his career. ","Dr. Baldwin specialized in cytogenetics, the study of plant chromosomes, and boxwoods. His work also focused on strophanthus sarmentosus, a plant from the same genus as the dogbane family. When he traveled to Liberia in 1947 at the behest of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a survey of the distribution, prevalence and behavior of strophanthus, it was discovered to be a natural source of cortisone. The plant was used extensively in the early manufacturing of the drug.","Dr. Baldwin traveled to four continents in the course of his studies, and working with his colleague Dr. Bernice Speese, he used the seeds and plantings from those trips to turn the campus of William \u0026 Mary into a natural laboratory. Some of the plants that remain today are among the oldest cultivated representatives of their species in the United States.","Dr. Baldwin passed away on September 3, 1974 at the age of 63."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the professional career and personal life of Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. Also included are the professional papers of Dr. Bernice Speese, a William \u0026amp; Mary professor and colleague of Dr. Baldwin.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include articles, drawings, maps, personal and academic correspondence, media clippings and written research notes, report drafts, photography, and government documents related to Baldwin's work with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials pertaining to the professional career and personal life of Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. Also included are the professional papers of Dr. Bernice Speese, a William \u0026 Mary professor and colleague of Dr. Baldwin.","Materials include articles, drawings, maps, personal and academic correspondence, media clippings and written research notes, report drafts, photography, and government documents related to Baldwin's work with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were received along with the papers. Some volumes were retained and catalogued, the others were returned to the William \u0026amp; Mary Herbarium.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were received along with the papers. Some volumes were retained and catalogued, the others were returned to the William \u0026 Mary Herbarium."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":278,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:11:54.033Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General files","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection","Series I. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:43:15.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1506.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Han, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1987.064"],"text":["Ms.1987.064","Han Schroeder Architectural Collection","Architects","Architects -- Virginia","Architecture -- Study and teaching","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Architecture (discipline)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Interior design","The collection is open for research.","The collection is divided into four series by type. 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With the encouragement of her family, Han developed her artistic talent, and worked with Rietveld and G. van de Groenekan on carpentry and furniture making in her teenage years. In 1936 she entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1940 with the degree of Diplom Architekt. She did not return to the Netherlands during World War II, but worked in Portugal (where she worked for the Red Cross and the Netherlands Embassy) and Great Britain. She returned to the Netherlands in 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked in the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam under W. Sandberg. ","Beginning in 1949 Schroeder worked first as a draftsman and then as a personal assistant to Rietveld. During these years she experimented with materials and concepts of interior design. She worked with Rietveld on Federal housing projects, schools, exhibitions, and the Sonsbeek Sculpture Pavillion, among other projects. She opened her own office in 1954. At that time she was one of two registered woman architects among 3000 registered men in the Netherlands. The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . 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The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. In 1979 she became a Professor of Interior Design at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSchroeder retired in 1988, and died in Amsterdam on March 20, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Han Schroeder was born in July 16, 1918, in Utrecht, Netherlands. Her artistic and architectural education began early, when her mother commissioned the architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld to design what is now known as the Rietveld-Schroeder House, completed in 1924. For this house, Rietveld employed the revolutionary concept of moveable walls to make the interior flexible, thereby redefining the limits of space. Growing up in this house fueled Han's interest in architecture, and was the beginning of her friendship to Rietveld and her devotion to his ideas. With the encouragement of her family, Han developed her artistic talent, and worked with Rietveld and G. van de Groenekan on carpentry and furniture making in her teenage years. In 1936 she entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1940 with the degree of Diplom Architekt. She did not return to the Netherlands during World War II, but worked in Portugal (where she worked for the Red Cross and the Netherlands Embassy) and Great Britain. She returned to the Netherlands in 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked in the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam under W. Sandberg. ","Beginning in 1949 Schroeder worked first as a draftsman and then as a personal assistant to Rietveld. During these years she experimented with materials and concepts of interior design. She worked with Rietveld on Federal housing projects, schools, exhibitions, and the Sonsbeek Sculpture Pavillion, among other projects. She opened her own office in 1954. At that time she was one of two registered woman architects among 3000 registered men in the Netherlands. The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. In 1979 she became a Professor of Interior Design at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. ","Schroeder retired in 1988, and died in Amsterdam on March 20, 1992."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Han Schroeder Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Han Schroeder Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection, Ms1987-064, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection, Ms1987-064, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Han Schroeder Architectural Papers was completed in October 1998. The original accession was processed by Laura Katz Smith, April 1990. The second accession was processed in October 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, Special Collections Department. The finding aid was rearranged December 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Han Schroeder Architectural Papers was completed in October 1998. The original accession was processed by Laura Katz Smith, April 1990. The second accession was processed in October 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, Special Collections Department. The finding aid was rearranged December 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information and architectural materials. Architectural materials include drawings, photographs, specifications, and reports. The collection also contains materials about the Rietveld-Schroeder House and biographical material about Rietveld and her mother, Tr. Schroeder-Schraeder, examples and other materials associated with her typographical (or stationery design) work, and work-related and personal photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information and architectural materials. Architectural materials include drawings, photographs, specifications, and reports. The collection also contains materials about the Rietveld-Schroeder House and biographical material about Rietveld and her mother, Tr. Schroeder-Schraeder, examples and other materials associated with her typographical (or stationery design) work, and work-related and personal photographs."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following five books were removed from the collection and placed in the Rare Book Collection:  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHaags Gemeentemuseum Piet Mondriaan\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eDutch Architecture: 1907-1917 by Theodore M. Brown\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVormen Van De Kleur\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVilla's en Buitenhuizen by Jan Henselmans\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eTheo van Doesburg Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde 1909-1923 by Hannah L. Hedrick\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following five books were removed from the collection and placed in the Rare Book Collection:  ","Haags Gemeentemuseum Piet Mondriaan Dutch Architecture: 1907-1917 by Theodore M. Brown Vormen Van De Kleur Villa's en Buitenhuizen by Jan Henselmans Theo van Doesburg Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde 1909-1923 by Hannah L. Hedrick"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2144152cf5930d0672e35641bf2f6e53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information, and architectural materials by Schroeder (1918-1992).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information, and architectural materials by Schroeder (1918-1992)."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"language_ssim":["The collection contains materials in Dutch and English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:43:15.623Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General Files","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection","Series III. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:43:15.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1506.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Han, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1987.064"],"text":["Ms.1987.064","Han Schroeder Architectural Collection","Architects","Architects -- Virginia","Architecture -- Study and teaching","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Architecture (discipline)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Interior design","The collection is open for research.","The collection is divided into four series by type. 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With the encouragement of her family, Han developed her artistic talent, and worked with Rietveld and G. van de Groenekan on carpentry and furniture making in her teenage years. In 1936 she entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1940 with the degree of Diplom Architekt. She did not return to the Netherlands during World War II, but worked in Portugal (where she worked for the Red Cross and the Netherlands Embassy) and Great Britain. She returned to the Netherlands in 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked in the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam under W. Sandberg. ","Beginning in 1949 Schroeder worked first as a draftsman and then as a personal assistant to Rietveld. During these years she experimented with materials and concepts of interior design. She worked with Rietveld on Federal housing projects, schools, exhibitions, and the Sonsbeek Sculpture Pavillion, among other projects. She opened her own office in 1954. At that time she was one of two registered woman architects among 3000 registered men in the Netherlands. The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. In 1979 she became a Professor of Interior Design at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. ","Schroeder retired in 1988, and died in Amsterdam on March 20, 1992.","The guide to the Han Schroeder Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Han Schroeder Architectural Papers was completed in October 1998. The original accession was processed by Laura Katz Smith, April 1990. The second accession was processed in October 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, Special Collections Department. The finding aid was rearranged December 2013.","The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information and architectural materials. Architectural materials include drawings, photographs, specifications, and reports. The collection also contains materials about the Rietveld-Schroeder House and biographical material about Rietveld and her mother, Tr. Schroeder-Schraeder, examples and other materials associated with her typographical (or stationery design) work, and work-related and personal photographs.","The following five books were removed from the collection and placed in the Rare Book Collection:  ","Haags Gemeentemuseum Piet Mondriaan Dutch Architecture: 1907-1917 by Theodore M. Brown Vormen Van De Kleur Villa's en Buitenhuizen by Jan Henselmans Theo van Doesburg Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde 1909-1923 by Hannah L. Hedrick","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information, and architectural materials by Schroeder (1918-1992).","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992","The collection contains materials in Dutch and English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1987.064"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Han Schroeder Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"creators_ssim":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The records were donated in January 1989 by Han Schroeder to the International Archive of Women in Architecture housed in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Libraries. An addition to the collection was made in 1992, after Schroeder's death. Materials dated after 1992 were placed in the collection by Laura Katz Smith, Curator of Manuscripts."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects","Architects -- Virginia","Architecture -- Study and teaching","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Architecture (discipline)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Interior design"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects","Architects -- Virginia","Architecture -- Study and teaching","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Architecture (discipline)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Interior design"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["40 Cubic Feet 12 boxes; map cases"],"extent_tesim":["40 Cubic Feet 12 boxes; map cases"],"genreform_ssim":["Architecture (discipline)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Interior design"],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into four series by type. Series I-III are divided into subseries, arranged alphabetically with General Files listed at the beginning. Sub-series are arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Personal Papers, 1925-1992\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Professional Papers, 1920-1992\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Faculty Papers, 1963-1990, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Project Records, 1914-1975, is arranged by project number.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into four series by type. Series I-III are divided into subseries, arranged alphabetically with General Files listed at the beginning. Sub-series are arranged alphabetically. ","Series I. Personal Papers, 1925-1992","Series II. Professional Papers, 1920-1992","Series III. Faculty Papers, 1963-1990, n.d.","Series IV. Project Records, 1914-1975, is arranged by project number."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHan Schroeder was born in July 16, 1918, in Utrecht, Netherlands. Her artistic and architectural education began early, when her mother commissioned the architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld to design what is now known as the Rietveld-Schroeder House, completed in 1924. For this house, Rietveld employed the revolutionary concept of moveable walls to make the interior flexible, thereby redefining the limits of space. Growing up in this house fueled Han's interest in architecture, and was the beginning of her friendship to Rietveld and her devotion to his ideas. With the encouragement of her family, Han developed her artistic talent, and worked with Rietveld and G. van de Groenekan on carpentry and furniture making in her teenage years. In 1936 she entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1940 with the degree of Diplom Architekt. She did not return to the Netherlands during World War II, but worked in Portugal (where she worked for the Red Cross and the Netherlands Embassy) and Great Britain. She returned to the Netherlands in 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked in the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam under W. Sandberg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1949 Schroeder worked first as a draftsman and then as a personal assistant to Rietveld. During these years she experimented with materials and concepts of interior design. She worked with Rietveld on Federal housing projects, schools, exhibitions, and the Sonsbeek Sculpture Pavillion, among other projects. She opened her own office in 1954. At that time she was one of two registered woman architects among 3000 registered men in the Netherlands. The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. In 1979 she became a Professor of Interior Design at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSchroeder retired in 1988, and died in Amsterdam on March 20, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Han Schroeder was born in July 16, 1918, in Utrecht, Netherlands. Her artistic and architectural education began early, when her mother commissioned the architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld to design what is now known as the Rietveld-Schroeder House, completed in 1924. For this house, Rietveld employed the revolutionary concept of moveable walls to make the interior flexible, thereby redefining the limits of space. Growing up in this house fueled Han's interest in architecture, and was the beginning of her friendship to Rietveld and her devotion to his ideas. With the encouragement of her family, Han developed her artistic talent, and worked with Rietveld and G. van de Groenekan on carpentry and furniture making in her teenage years. In 1936 she entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1940 with the degree of Diplom Architekt. She did not return to the Netherlands during World War II, but worked in Portugal (where she worked for the Red Cross and the Netherlands Embassy) and Great Britain. She returned to the Netherlands in 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked in the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam under W. Sandberg. ","Beginning in 1949 Schroeder worked first as a draftsman and then as a personal assistant to Rietveld. During these years she experimented with materials and concepts of interior design. She worked with Rietveld on Federal housing projects, schools, exhibitions, and the Sonsbeek Sculpture Pavillion, among other projects. She opened her own office in 1954. At that time she was one of two registered woman architects among 3000 registered men in the Netherlands. The most significant designs she did between 1954 and 1963 were the Gaastra House in Zeist; Ellinchem, a Center for Rejected and Problem Children in Ellecom; the Academy of Social Work, Amsterdam, where she designed a snack bar and auditorium; the Kessler House, a recreation building for employees of the Netherlands Steel Furnaces; and various Youth and Community Centers in Utrecht, Oldebrock, and Eerbeek. During this time she also designed stationery and exhibits. In 1963 she emigrated to the United States. She first worked at firms in Los Angeles, California, but accepted a position at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York, to teach interior design. In 1966 she taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City, and then at the New York Institute of Technology from 1967 to 1979. In 1979 she became a Professor of Interior Design at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. ","Schroeder retired in 1988, and died in Amsterdam on March 20, 1992."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Han Schroeder Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Han Schroeder Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection, Ms1987-064, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection, Ms1987-064, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Han Schroeder Architectural Papers was completed in October 1998. The original accession was processed by Laura Katz Smith, April 1990. The second accession was processed in October 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, Special Collections Department. The finding aid was rearranged December 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Han Schroeder Architectural Papers was completed in October 1998. The original accession was processed by Laura Katz Smith, April 1990. The second accession was processed in October 1998 by Brad Shearer, student assistant, Special Collections Department. The finding aid was rearranged December 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information and architectural materials. Architectural materials include drawings, photographs, specifications, and reports. The collection also contains materials about the Rietveld-Schroeder House and biographical material about Rietveld and her mother, Tr. Schroeder-Schraeder, examples and other materials associated with her typographical (or stationery design) work, and work-related and personal photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information and architectural materials. Architectural materials include drawings, photographs, specifications, and reports. The collection also contains materials about the Rietveld-Schroeder House and biographical material about Rietveld and her mother, Tr. Schroeder-Schraeder, examples and other materials associated with her typographical (or stationery design) work, and work-related and personal photographs."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following five books were removed from the collection and placed in the Rare Book Collection:  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHaags Gemeentemuseum Piet Mondriaan\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eDutch Architecture: 1907-1917 by Theodore M. Brown\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVormen Van De Kleur\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVilla's en Buitenhuizen by Jan Henselmans\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eTheo van Doesburg Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde 1909-1923 by Hannah L. Hedrick\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following five books were removed from the collection and placed in the Rare Book Collection:  ","Haags Gemeentemuseum Piet Mondriaan Dutch Architecture: 1907-1917 by Theodore M. Brown Vormen Van De Kleur Villa's en Buitenhuizen by Jan Henselmans Theo van Doesburg Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde 1909-1923 by Hannah L. Hedrick"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2144152cf5930d0672e35641bf2f6e53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information, and architectural materials by Schroeder (1918-1992).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Han Schroeder Architectural Collection consists of correspondence, clippings, publications, teaching materials, scrapbooks, photographs, family information, and architectural materials by Schroeder (1918-1992)."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Schroeder, Han, 1918-1992"],"language_ssim":["The collection contains materials in Dutch and English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:43:15.623Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1506_c03_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General History","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruby Bishop West Collection","Series III. Floyd County History"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruby Bishop West Collection","Series III. Floyd County History"],"text":["Ruby Bishop West Collection","Series III. Floyd County History","General History"],"title_filing_ssi":"General History","title_ssm":["General History"],"title_tesim":["General History"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1885-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General History"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":34,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#5","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:26:28.805Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1428.xml","title_filing_ssi":"West, Ruby Bishop, Collection","title_ssm":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"title_tesim":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1986.002"],"text":["Ms.1986.002","Ruby Bishop West Collection","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","I. Floyd County Churches, 1892-1980, n.d. This series contains research notes, maps, and printed materials relating to the history of Lutheran, Methodist, Primitive Baptist and other congregations in Floyd County. Arranged alphabetically by denomination.","II. Floyd County Education, 1898-1979, n.d. In addition to research notes and printed materials, this series includes photographs and historical sketches of local schools, most seemingly collected by West while a student, and later as a teacher and administrator, when she also collected statistics on county enrollment and test scores. The series is further divided into the following subseries:","Floyd County High School, 1913-1979, n.d. Contains two brief sketches on school history and a large collection of programs for school-related events (mostly commencement exercises). Also contains a 1940 yearbook, various newsclippings and photos of the school and various class groups, including photos of the earlier Floyd Academy. Arranged by material function.","Other Schools, 1898-1957, n.d. Materials related to other schools in Floyd County are located here and include historical sketches, photographs, programs and other printed material. The subseries also contains an advertisement for the Floyd Normal School's 1898 term and a pamphlet entitled \"God's Cosy Corner\" by Mildred Welch concerning the need for Presbyteran mission schools in Floyd County. Arranged by material function.","Floyd County School System, 1937-1976, n.d. Containing materials relating to the county's school system, this subseries consists of various historical sketches, essays and newsclippings. The subseries also contains tabulations of county school enrollment, test scores, withdrawals and failures during the 1930s and 1940s. The subseries concludes with a small collection of correspondence, forms, reports and lists of county school teachers. arranged by material function.","III. Floyd County History, 1885-1981, n.d. This series contains materials relating to the history of the county as a whole and consists mostly of research notes made by West and others on specific topics. The series also contains various essays on Floyd County history and items regarding the county's centennial and sesquicentennial celebrations. The series is divided among the following subseries, arranged alphabetically by topic, with general materials at the end of the series:","Civil War, n.d. Contains a few typescript notes on general Civil War history, a list of soldiers buried in Floyd Cemetery and a newsclipping about a Civil War letter written by Floyd Countian William P. Walters.","Genealogy, n.d. Includes pages from a published genealogy of the Goodykoontz family, and brief notes on other local families.","Mining, 1972, n.d. Floyd County iron and copper mining ventures are discussed in this small collection of newsclippings and research notes.","Postal Service, 1968-1970, n.d. Contained in this subseries are materials relating to post offices, postmasters and rural routes within Floyd County. It includes such materials as lists, maps, correspondence and newsclippings.","Telephone Service, n.d. Includes a county map and a brief sketch of the Pilot Telephone System, written in 1980.","General County History, 1885-1981. Includes a 1951 historical sketch by Curtis Sumpter, as well as other compiled sketches and data on Floyd County history. The subseries also includes a speech delivered on the county's centennial in 1931 and meeting minutes, notes and printed material compiled by Ruby Bishop West during her coordination of the sesquicentennial celebration in 1981.","IV. Personal Materials, 1879-1960. Materials from West's personal life are found in this series and include such items as West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College; a small family photo album from the early twentieth century, other assorted photographs and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music. Arranged by material function.","V. Oversize Materials, 1858-1960. This series contains items which were too large to be filed with other materials. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in their respective series.","Ruby Bishop, Floyd County educator and local historian, was born near Falling Branch (Floyd County), Virginia, the only daughter of Wesley and Lydia Caldwell Bishop. When Bishop was still a child, the family moved to Floyd, where she graduated from Floyd Academy in 1920. (She later attended Radford College, obtaining a two-year degree in 1930, and a bachelor's degree in 1938.)","In 1920, Bishop was hired to teach in a one-room school in Floyd County's Little River District. In 1925, she began teaching seventh grade at Floyd County High School, a post she would retain until 1940, when she was appointed elementary supervisor of the county's schools. She also served for a time as administrative assistant to the county's superintendent for instruction and as acting superintendent of Floyd County schools. Bishop married Judge George D. West (born April 19, 1897) in 1957; she retired in 1967.","Ruby Bishop West maintained an interest in local history throughout her life; she organized Floyd County's sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. She joined the Methodist Church in 1915, and was an active member, serving at various times as teacher and church historian. She died on May 8, 1984 (her husband having died in 1975) and is buried in Jacksonville Cemetery, Floyd.","The guide to the Ruby Bishop West Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the West Collection commenced in March 2003 and was completed in April 2003.","This collection contains the papers of Ruby Bishop West, an educator and local historian from Floyd, Virginia. The papers are divided into five series: Floyd County Churches, Floyd County Education, Floyd County History, Personal Materials and Oversize Materials.","The Floyd County Churches Series includes research notes, maps and printed materials on various churches located in Floyd County, particularly Lutheran, Methodist and Primitive Baptist congregations.","Within the Floyd County Education Series are historical data, printed materials (mostly programs for school events) and photographs of various Floyd County schools. Much of the material centers on Floyd High School, but other schools are represented as well. The series also contains tabulations on county school enrollment, test scores and withdrawals during the 1930s and 1940s.","The Floyd County History Series contains mostly research notes on various topics relating to Floyd County history, particularly the Civil War, genealogy, mining, and postal and telephone service. The series also includes historical sketches and data on the county's settlement and development and materials relating to the celebration of the county's centennial (1931) and sesquicentennial (1981).","Items relating to West's personal life are found in the Personal Materials Series. The series includes West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College, a small early twentieth century photo album, other assorted photos and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music.","The Oversize Materials series consists of items which were too large to be inter-filed with their respective series. The series includes a large photo of Floyd Academy, a 1960 Floyd High School newspaper and oversized sheet music publications.","The following books were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Rare Book Collection: Arnold, Sarah Louise and Charles B. Gilbert.  Stepping stones to literature . New York: Silver, Burdett and Co., 1902. Coleradge, S. T.  Biographia literaria , vol. I. New York: Kirk and Mercein, 1817. Daily, John R.  Primitive Baptist hymn and tune book . Indianapolis, Ind.: Earl and William T. Daily, n.d. Daniel, J. R. V.  A hornbook of Virginia history . Richmond, Va.: Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, 1949. Debnam, W. E.  Weep no more, my lady: a southerner answers Mrs. Roosevelt's report on the \"poor and unhappy\" South . Raleigh, N. C.: W. E. Debnam, 1950. Durand, Silas H. and P. G. Lester.  Hymn and tune book for use in old school or primitive Baptist churches . Greenfield, Ind.: D. H. Goble, 1886. A Listing of men from Floyd County who served as Confederate soldiers in the Civil War or War Between the States, 1861-1865, compiled from the records of Camp III . [S.l.: s.n., 198-?] Monteith, James.  First lessons in geography . New York: A. S. Barnes, 1876. The Old school hymnal . Macon, Ga.: J. A. Monsees, 1937.","The following newspapers were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Newspaper Collection: Bluff City News  (Bluff City, TN), Nov 16 1889 Bristol Courier  (Bristol, TN), Oct 2 1879; Sep 17, Nov 19 1885; Nov 15 1888; Sep 5 1889; Feb 27 1890; Jan 21, Jun 16 1892 Central Star  (Blountville, TN), Nov 20, 1884 Christian Advocate  (Nashville, TN): Feb 21 1874 Christian Advocate  (St. Louis, MO): Jun 8 1887 Floyd Press  (Floyd, VA), Jun 6 1940; Aug 21 1941; Jun 8 1949; Jul 27 1950; Jan 18, Feb 15, 22, Aug 9, 16, Oct 18 1951; May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Jun 19, Aug 7, 14, 21 1952; Apr 8, May 6, 13, 27, Jun 3, 10, 11, 24, Jul 15, 22, 29, Aug 5 1954; Feb 3 10, 17, 24, Jun 16, 23, 30, Jul 7, 14, 21, 28, Aug 4, 18, 25, Sep 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Oct 6, 13, 20, 27, Nov 3, 5, 10, 17, 24, Dec 8, 15, 22 1955; Jan 1, 12, 19, 26, Feb 16, Mar 8, 22, 29, Jul 26 1956; Oct 2 1958; Feb 12, Mar 12, 26, Apr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, May 7, 14, 21 1959; Sep 1, Dec 1 1960; Jan 5, Dec 28 1961; Jul 1 1976; Jul 23, 30, Aug 6, 13, 20, 27, Sep 3, 10 1981. Holston Methodist  (Knoxville, TN): Mar 20 1875; May 8 1885; Nov 16 1892 Sullivan Landmark  (Blountville, TN), Sep 17 1879 Western North Carolina Methodist  (Asheville, NC), Dec 3 1891","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This is a collection of materials related to Floyd County, Virginia history, particularly--but not limited to--church and education history, as well as materials related to the county's general history and its sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. Also includes personal materials, consisting of school records and diplomas from Radford College, personal photographs and ephemera, and sheet music from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1986.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Ruby Bishop West Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"creator_ssim":["West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"creator_persname_ssim":["West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"creators_ssim":["West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Ruby Bishop West Collection was given to the Floyd County Historical Society following West's death in 1984. The collection was donated to Special Collections at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University by the society in 1986. The collection was accessioned under the title \"Floyd County Historical Society Records\" but was renamed during processing in 2003 to more accurately reflect its contents."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eI. Floyd County Churches, 1892-1980, n.d. This series contains research notes, maps, and printed materials relating to the history of Lutheran, Methodist, Primitive Baptist and other congregations in Floyd County. Arranged alphabetically by denomination.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Floyd County Education, 1898-1979, n.d. In addition to research notes and printed materials, this series includes photographs and historical sketches of local schools, most seemingly collected by West while a student, and later as a teacher and administrator, when she also collected statistics on county enrollment and test scores. The series is further divided into the following subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFloyd County High School, 1913-1979, n.d. Contains two brief sketches on school history and a large collection of programs for school-related events (mostly commencement exercises). Also contains a 1940 yearbook, various newsclippings and photos of the school and various class groups, including photos of the earlier Floyd Academy. Arranged by material function.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Schools, 1898-1957, n.d. Materials related to other schools in Floyd County are located here and include historical sketches, photographs, programs and other printed material. The subseries also contains an advertisement for the Floyd Normal School's 1898 term and a pamphlet entitled \"God's Cosy Corner\" by Mildred Welch concerning the need for Presbyteran mission schools in Floyd County. Arranged by material function.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFloyd County School System, 1937-1976, n.d. Containing materials relating to the county's school system, this subseries consists of various historical sketches, essays and newsclippings. The subseries also contains tabulations of county school enrollment, test scores, withdrawals and failures during the 1930s and 1940s. The subseries concludes with a small collection of correspondence, forms, reports and lists of county school teachers. arranged by material function.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Floyd County History, 1885-1981, n.d. This series contains materials relating to the history of the county as a whole and consists mostly of research notes made by West and others on specific topics. The series also contains various essays on Floyd County history and items regarding the county's centennial and sesquicentennial celebrations. The series is divided among the following subseries, arranged alphabetically by topic, with general materials at the end of the series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCivil War, n.d. Contains a few typescript notes on general Civil War history, a list of soldiers buried in Floyd Cemetery and a newsclipping about a Civil War letter written by Floyd Countian William P. Walters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy, n.d. Includes pages from a published genealogy of the Goodykoontz family, and brief notes on other local families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMining, 1972, n.d. Floyd County iron and copper mining ventures are discussed in this small collection of newsclippings and research notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePostal Service, 1968-1970, n.d. Contained in this subseries are materials relating to post offices, postmasters and rural routes within Floyd County. It includes such materials as lists, maps, correspondence and newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTelephone Service, n.d. Includes a county map and a brief sketch of the Pilot Telephone System, written in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral County History, 1885-1981. Includes a 1951 historical sketch by Curtis Sumpter, as well as other compiled sketches and data on Floyd County history. The subseries also includes a speech delivered on the county's centennial in 1931 and meeting minutes, notes and printed material compiled by Ruby Bishop West during her coordination of the sesquicentennial celebration in 1981.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. Personal Materials, 1879-1960. Materials from West's personal life are found in this series and include such items as West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College; a small family photo album from the early twentieth century, other assorted photographs and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music. Arranged by material function.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. Oversize Materials, 1858-1960. This series contains items which were too large to be filed with other materials. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in their respective series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["I. Floyd County Churches, 1892-1980, n.d. This series contains research notes, maps, and printed materials relating to the history of Lutheran, Methodist, Primitive Baptist and other congregations in Floyd County. Arranged alphabetically by denomination.","II. Floyd County Education, 1898-1979, n.d. In addition to research notes and printed materials, this series includes photographs and historical sketches of local schools, most seemingly collected by West while a student, and later as a teacher and administrator, when she also collected statistics on county enrollment and test scores. The series is further divided into the following subseries:","Floyd County High School, 1913-1979, n.d. Contains two brief sketches on school history and a large collection of programs for school-related events (mostly commencement exercises). Also contains a 1940 yearbook, various newsclippings and photos of the school and various class groups, including photos of the earlier Floyd Academy. Arranged by material function.","Other Schools, 1898-1957, n.d. Materials related to other schools in Floyd County are located here and include historical sketches, photographs, programs and other printed material. The subseries also contains an advertisement for the Floyd Normal School's 1898 term and a pamphlet entitled \"God's Cosy Corner\" by Mildred Welch concerning the need for Presbyteran mission schools in Floyd County. Arranged by material function.","Floyd County School System, 1937-1976, n.d. Containing materials relating to the county's school system, this subseries consists of various historical sketches, essays and newsclippings. The subseries also contains tabulations of county school enrollment, test scores, withdrawals and failures during the 1930s and 1940s. The subseries concludes with a small collection of correspondence, forms, reports and lists of county school teachers. arranged by material function.","III. Floyd County History, 1885-1981, n.d. This series contains materials relating to the history of the county as a whole and consists mostly of research notes made by West and others on specific topics. The series also contains various essays on Floyd County history and items regarding the county's centennial and sesquicentennial celebrations. The series is divided among the following subseries, arranged alphabetically by topic, with general materials at the end of the series:","Civil War, n.d. Contains a few typescript notes on general Civil War history, a list of soldiers buried in Floyd Cemetery and a newsclipping about a Civil War letter written by Floyd Countian William P. Walters.","Genealogy, n.d. Includes pages from a published genealogy of the Goodykoontz family, and brief notes on other local families.","Mining, 1972, n.d. Floyd County iron and copper mining ventures are discussed in this small collection of newsclippings and research notes.","Postal Service, 1968-1970, n.d. Contained in this subseries are materials relating to post offices, postmasters and rural routes within Floyd County. It includes such materials as lists, maps, correspondence and newsclippings.","Telephone Service, n.d. Includes a county map and a brief sketch of the Pilot Telephone System, written in 1980.","General County History, 1885-1981. Includes a 1951 historical sketch by Curtis Sumpter, as well as other compiled sketches and data on Floyd County history. The subseries also includes a speech delivered on the county's centennial in 1931 and meeting minutes, notes and printed material compiled by Ruby Bishop West during her coordination of the sesquicentennial celebration in 1981.","IV. Personal Materials, 1879-1960. Materials from West's personal life are found in this series and include such items as West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College; a small family photo album from the early twentieth century, other assorted photographs and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music. Arranged by material function.","V. Oversize Materials, 1858-1960. This series contains items which were too large to be filed with other materials. Items in this series are arranged according to the order in which they would have been filed had they remained in their respective series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuby Bishop, Floyd County educator and local historian, was born near Falling Branch (Floyd County), Virginia, the only daughter of Wesley and Lydia Caldwell Bishop. When Bishop was still a child, the family moved to Floyd, where she graduated from Floyd Academy in 1920. (She later attended Radford College, obtaining a two-year degree in 1930, and a bachelor's degree in 1938.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1920, Bishop was hired to teach in a one-room school in Floyd County's Little River District. In 1925, she began teaching seventh grade at Floyd County High School, a post she would retain until 1940, when she was appointed elementary supervisor of the county's schools. She also served for a time as administrative assistant to the county's superintendent for instruction and as acting superintendent of Floyd County schools. Bishop married Judge George D. West (born April 19, 1897) in 1957; she retired in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Bishop West maintained an interest in local history throughout her life; she organized Floyd County's sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. She joined the Methodist Church in 1915, and was an active member, serving at various times as teacher and church historian. She died on May 8, 1984 (her husband having died in 1975) and is buried in Jacksonville Cemetery, Floyd.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruby Bishop, Floyd County educator and local historian, was born near Falling Branch (Floyd County), Virginia, the only daughter of Wesley and Lydia Caldwell Bishop. When Bishop was still a child, the family moved to Floyd, where she graduated from Floyd Academy in 1920. (She later attended Radford College, obtaining a two-year degree in 1930, and a bachelor's degree in 1938.)","In 1920, Bishop was hired to teach in a one-room school in Floyd County's Little River District. In 1925, she began teaching seventh grade at Floyd County High School, a post she would retain until 1940, when she was appointed elementary supervisor of the county's schools. She also served for a time as administrative assistant to the county's superintendent for instruction and as acting superintendent of Floyd County schools. Bishop married Judge George D. West (born April 19, 1897) in 1957; she retired in 1967.","Ruby Bishop West maintained an interest in local history throughout her life; she organized Floyd County's sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. She joined the Methodist Church in 1915, and was an active member, serving at various times as teacher and church historian. She died on May 8, 1984 (her husband having died in 1975) and is buried in Jacksonville Cemetery, Floyd."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Ruby Bishop West Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description "],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Ruby Bishop West Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Ruby Bishop West Collection, 1877-1981, Ms1986-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Ruby Bishop West Collection, 1877-1981, Ms1986-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the West Collection commenced in March 2003 and was completed in April 2003.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the West Collection commenced in March 2003 and was completed in April 2003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Ruby Bishop West, an educator and local historian from Floyd, Virginia. The papers are divided into five series: Floyd County Churches, Floyd County Education, Floyd County History, Personal Materials and Oversize Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Floyd County Churches Series includes research notes, maps and printed materials on various churches located in Floyd County, particularly Lutheran, Methodist and Primitive Baptist congregations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin the Floyd County Education Series are historical data, printed materials (mostly programs for school events) and photographs of various Floyd County schools. Much of the material centers on Floyd High School, but other schools are represented as well. The series also contains tabulations on county school enrollment, test scores and withdrawals during the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Floyd County History Series contains mostly research notes on various topics relating to Floyd County history, particularly the Civil War, genealogy, mining, and postal and telephone service. The series also includes historical sketches and data on the county's settlement and development and materials relating to the celebration of the county's centennial (1931) and sesquicentennial (1981).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems relating to West's personal life are found in the Personal Materials Series. The series includes West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College, a small early twentieth century photo album, other assorted photos and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Oversize Materials series consists of items which were too large to be inter-filed with their respective series. The series includes a large photo of Floyd Academy, a 1960 Floyd High School newspaper and oversized sheet music publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Ruby Bishop West, an educator and local historian from Floyd, Virginia. The papers are divided into five series: Floyd County Churches, Floyd County Education, Floyd County History, Personal Materials and Oversize Materials.","The Floyd County Churches Series includes research notes, maps and printed materials on various churches located in Floyd County, particularly Lutheran, Methodist and Primitive Baptist congregations.","Within the Floyd County Education Series are historical data, printed materials (mostly programs for school events) and photographs of various Floyd County schools. Much of the material centers on Floyd High School, but other schools are represented as well. The series also contains tabulations on county school enrollment, test scores and withdrawals during the 1930s and 1940s.","The Floyd County History Series contains mostly research notes on various topics relating to Floyd County history, particularly the Civil War, genealogy, mining, and postal and telephone service. The series also includes historical sketches and data on the county's settlement and development and materials relating to the celebration of the county's centennial (1931) and sesquicentennial (1981).","Items relating to West's personal life are found in the Personal Materials Series. The series includes West's diplomas, grade reports and other items from Radford Teacher's College, a small early twentieth century photo album, other assorted photos and ephemera, and a sizeable collection of sheet music.","The Oversize Materials series consists of items which were too large to be inter-filed with their respective series. The series includes a large photo of Floyd Academy, a 1960 Floyd High School newspaper and oversized sheet music publications."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eThe following books were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Rare Book Collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArnold, Sarah Louise and Charles B. Gilbert. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStepping stones to literature\u003c/title\u003e. New York: Silver, Burdett and Co., 1902.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eColeradge, S. T. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBiographia literaria\u003c/title\u003e, vol. I. New York: Kirk and Mercein, 1817.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDaily, John R. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePrimitive Baptist hymn and tune book\u003c/title\u003e. Indianapolis, Ind.: Earl and William T. Daily, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDaniel, J. R. V. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA hornbook of Virginia history\u003c/title\u003e. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, 1949.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDebnam, W. E. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWeep no more, my lady: a southerner answers Mrs. Roosevelt's report on the \"poor and unhappy\" South\u003c/title\u003e. Raleigh, N. C.: W. E. Debnam, 1950.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDurand, Silas H. and P. G. Lester. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHymn and tune book for use in old school or primitive Baptist churches\u003c/title\u003e. Greenfield, Ind.: D. H. Goble, 1886.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Listing of men from Floyd County who served as Confederate soldiers in the Civil War or War Between the States, 1861-1865, compiled from the records of Camp III\u003c/title\u003e. [S.l.: s.n., 198-?]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMonteith, James. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFirst lessons in geography\u003c/title\u003e. New York: A. S. Barnes, 1876.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Old school hymnal\u003c/title\u003e. Macon, Ga.: J. A. Monsees, 1937.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eThe following newspapers were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Newspaper Collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBluff City News\u003c/title\u003e (Bluff City, TN), Nov 16 1889\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBristol Courier\u003c/title\u003e (Bristol, TN), Oct 2 1879; Sep 17, Nov 19 1885; Nov 15 1888; Sep 5 1889; Feb 27 1890; Jan 21, Jun 16 1892\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCentral Star\u003c/title\u003e (Blountville, TN), Nov 20, 1884\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eChristian Advocate\u003c/title\u003e (Nashville, TN): Feb 21 1874\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eChristian Advocate\u003c/title\u003e (St. Louis, MO): Jun 8 1887\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFloyd Press\u003c/title\u003e (Floyd, VA), Jun 6 1940; Aug 21 1941; Jun 8 1949; Jul 27 1950; Jan 18, Feb 15, 22, Aug 9, 16, Oct 18 1951; May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Jun 19, Aug 7, 14, 21 1952; Apr 8, May 6, 13, 27, Jun 3, 10, 11, 24, Jul 15, 22, 29, Aug 5 1954; Feb 3 10, 17, 24, Jun 16, 23, 30, Jul 7, 14, 21, 28, Aug 4, 18, 25, Sep 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Oct 6, 13, 20, 27, Nov 3, 5, 10, 17, 24, Dec 8, 15, 22 1955; Jan 1, 12, 19, 26, Feb 16, Mar 8, 22, 29, Jul 26 1956; Oct 2 1958; Feb 12, Mar 12, 26, Apr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, May 7, 14, 21 1959; Sep 1, Dec 1 1960; Jan 5, Dec 28 1961; Jul 1 1976; Jul 23, 30, Aug 6, 13, 20, 27, Sep 3, 10 1981.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHolston Methodist\u003c/title\u003e (Knoxville, TN): Mar 20 1875; May 8 1885; Nov 16 1892\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSullivan Landmark\u003c/title\u003e (Blountville, TN), Sep 17 1879\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWestern North Carolina Methodist\u003c/title\u003e (Asheville, NC), Dec 3 1891\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following books were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Rare Book Collection: Arnold, Sarah Louise and Charles B. Gilbert.  Stepping stones to literature . New York: Silver, Burdett and Co., 1902. Coleradge, S. T.  Biographia literaria , vol. I. New York: Kirk and Mercein, 1817. Daily, John R.  Primitive Baptist hymn and tune book . Indianapolis, Ind.: Earl and William T. Daily, n.d. Daniel, J. R. V.  A hornbook of Virginia history . Richmond, Va.: Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, 1949. Debnam, W. E.  Weep no more, my lady: a southerner answers Mrs. Roosevelt's report on the \"poor and unhappy\" South . Raleigh, N. C.: W. E. Debnam, 1950. Durand, Silas H. and P. G. Lester.  Hymn and tune book for use in old school or primitive Baptist churches . Greenfield, Ind.: D. H. Goble, 1886. A Listing of men from Floyd County who served as Confederate soldiers in the Civil War or War Between the States, 1861-1865, compiled from the records of Camp III . [S.l.: s.n., 198-?] Monteith, James.  First lessons in geography . New York: A. S. Barnes, 1876. The Old school hymnal . Macon, Ga.: J. A. Monsees, 1937.","The following newspapers were transferred from the collection to the Special Collections' Newspaper Collection: Bluff City News  (Bluff City, TN), Nov 16 1889 Bristol Courier  (Bristol, TN), Oct 2 1879; Sep 17, Nov 19 1885; Nov 15 1888; Sep 5 1889; Feb 27 1890; Jan 21, Jun 16 1892 Central Star  (Blountville, TN), Nov 20, 1884 Christian Advocate  (Nashville, TN): Feb 21 1874 Christian Advocate  (St. Louis, MO): Jun 8 1887 Floyd Press  (Floyd, VA), Jun 6 1940; Aug 21 1941; Jun 8 1949; Jul 27 1950; Jan 18, Feb 15, 22, Aug 9, 16, Oct 18 1951; May 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Jun 19, Aug 7, 14, 21 1952; Apr 8, May 6, 13, 27, Jun 3, 10, 11, 24, Jul 15, 22, 29, Aug 5 1954; Feb 3 10, 17, 24, Jun 16, 23, 30, Jul 7, 14, 21, 28, Aug 4, 18, 25, Sep 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Oct 6, 13, 20, 27, Nov 3, 5, 10, 17, 24, Dec 8, 15, 22 1955; Jan 1, 12, 19, 26, Feb 16, Mar 8, 22, 29, Jul 26 1956; Oct 2 1958; Feb 12, Mar 12, 26, Apr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, May 7, 14, 21 1959; Sep 1, Dec 1 1960; Jan 5, Dec 28 1961; Jul 1 1976; Jul 23, 30, Aug 6, 13, 20, 27, Sep 3, 10 1981. Holston Methodist  (Knoxville, TN): Mar 20 1875; May 8 1885; Nov 16 1892 Sullivan Landmark  (Blountville, TN), Sep 17 1879 Western North Carolina Methodist  (Asheville, NC), Dec 3 1891"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5ebcea8a5f9ab67bd7c068af29054e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is a collection of materials related to Floyd County, Virginia history, particularly--but not limited to--church and education history, as well as materials related to the county's general history and its sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. Also includes personal materials, consisting of school records and diplomas from Radford College, personal photographs and ephemera, and sheet music from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is a collection of materials related to Floyd County, Virginia history, particularly--but not limited to--church and education history, as well as materials related to the county's general history and its sesquicentennial celebration in 1981. Also includes personal materials, consisting of school records and diplomas from Radford College, personal photographs and ephemera, and sheet music from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["West, Ruby Bishop, d.1984"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":51,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:26:28.805Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1428_c03_c06"}},{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General Materials","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03","ref_ssm":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03"],"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05","parent_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05","parent_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records","James Farmer, Jr."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records","James Farmer, Jr."],"text":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records","James Farmer, Jr.","General Materials"],"title_filing_ssi":"General Materials","title_ssm":["General Materials"],"title_tesim":["General Materials"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General Materials"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"collection_ssim":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":8,"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:37.666Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_ssi":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","_root_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MW/repositories_2_resources_5.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=umw/vifrem00002.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"title_tesim":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.0002","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"text":["MSS.0002","/repositories/2/resources/5","William B. Hanson Faculty Records","African Americans -- Civil rights.","Series are arranged alphabetically.","The collection is organized into five series: (1) Biographical Materials, (2) Correspondence, (3) Publications, (4) Tribute Materials, and (5) James Farmer Materials.","The latter series is divided into six subseries: (A) Audiovisual Materials, (B) FoR and CORE, (C) General Materials, (D) James Farmer, Sr., (E) James Farmer Multicultural Center,(F) James Farmer Scholars Program, and (G) Tributes.","William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson was born November 15, 1940 in Washington, D.C. to Jesse Byrd Hanson and Margaret Ludwig Hanson. Hanson attended Marietta College and received his B.A. in 1964. He pursued his doctoral studies in medical sociology at Brown University and completed his Ph.D. in 1971. On November 28, 1968, Hanson married Roxane \"Rocky\" Scharry. The couple had two children together: a daughter, Megan, and a son, Jesse. Hanson served as an assistant professor at Providence College and later as associate professor at California State University at Bakersfield. In 1981, Hanson joined the faculty at the University of Mary Washington. He became a tenured professor of sociology and briefly served as chair for the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Hanson authored a number of academic publications and in 1985 co-edited Life with Heroin: Voices from the Inner City.","Hanson was known within the Mary Washington and Fredericksburg community for his social activism. Locally, he acted as board member of the Fredericksburg Area Food Relief Clearinghouse and participated in the Central Virginia Housing Coalition, Thurman Brisben Homeless Shelter, and a nuclear freeze alliance. Hanson was also involved in \"Project SOAR\", a program offering college preparation classes for minority students. At times his advocacy was deeply personal; as a recipient of organ donation, Hanson was a steadfast supporter of the procedure. On-campus, he campaigned for disability rights and living wages for college employees. His admiration for the Civil Rights Movement further shaped his involvement at UMW. Hanson helped to develop the Martin Luther King Day celebration committee at the university and taught a class called \"Civil Rights in the New Millennium\".","Hanson became close to Dr. James Farmer, Jr. during the Civil Rights leader's professorship at the University of Mary Washington. The friendship deepened as Farmer's health failed and Hanson became an advocate for Farmer, securing adequate medical care and campaigning for a larger retirement stipend. In his later years, Farmer came to rely upon Hanson for assistance in navigating his financial and personal matters. When Farmer was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998, Hanson and his son Jesse both attended the ceremony and reception.","Following Farmer's death in 1999, Hanson and his son were invited to a private memorial service at the Farmer home. Hanson became a strong supporter for commemoration of Farmer and was heavily involved in the University of Mary Washington James Farmer tributes, including the Farmer bust on Campus Walk. He also contributed to the establishment of the James Farmer Multicultural Center and fought attempts to relocate or defund the center.","Hanson was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and received a lung transplant in 1996. The same year, he started teaching part-time at the University of Mary Washington. Hanson passed away January 31, 2005 in Fredericksburg, Virginia after battling with the disease for nearly ten years.","This collection contains the faculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson. While series 1-4 relate exclusively to Hanson, the bulk of records document the career of James Farmer, Jr. and various tributes following his death.","Series 1-4 contain materials on William Byrd Hanson during his professorship at the University of Mary Washington. Included are Hanson's curriculum vitae from August 1980 and June 1986; correspondence regarding Hanson's illness and death; a collection of newspaper and magazine articles featuring Hanson; and tribute materials.","Materials from Series 5 pertain to James Leonard Farmer, Jr. (1920-1999) and his father (1886-1961). Subseries A consists of audiovisual materials, dated between 1964 and 1996. Recordings include radio and television interviews, audio lectures, and video from tributes to Farmer.","Subseries B documents James Farmer, Jr.'s involvement in the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FoR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Correspondence addressed to Farmer include letters from Richard A. Hayden (undated), George Houser (undated), and Richard K. MacMaster of Bluffton College (September 21, 1992). Records from FoR National Council Meetings are dated April 10-11 and September 11-13, 1942, comprised of minutes and reports from the following FoR members: Charlotte Bentley, James Farmer, Jr., Caleb Foote, Marion Frenyear, Larry Henderson, George Houser, Harold Stone Hull, Carl J. Landes, A.J. Muste, Dennis Nyberg, Sheldon Rahn, Constance Rumbough, Bayard Rustin, John Nevin Sayre, John M. Swomley, Jr., David White, and Herman Will, Jr.","Farmer's memorandum to A.J. Muste on the \"Brotherhood Mobilization\" also can be found within the subseries.","Subseries C contains general materials on Farmer, primarily publicity materials, publications, and correspondence prior to and immediately following his death.","Subseries D holds a 1909 poem written by Farmer, Sr., in memoriam of Lillie M. Whitney, his high school teacher, and \"James Leonard Farmer: Texas' First African-American Ph.D.\", an article written by Gail K. Beil, undated. Note: The article also can be found in East Texas Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (Spring, 1998): pp. 18-25.","During Farmer's professorship at the university, Mary Washington College's Multicultural Center was renamed the James Farmer Multicultural Center in honor of the civil rights leader. Subseries E contains various correspondence and publications related to the Multicultural Center, primarily concerning budget cuts and relocation proposed in 2000.","The James Farmer Scholars Program was similarly initiated in honor of Farmer and Subseries F contains publicity materials promoting the program.","The bulk of materials can be found in Subseries G, a collection of tributes to Farmer. Folders 1-4 contain correspondence, publications, publicity materials, and photographs concerning tributes during Farmer's lifetime, particularly his receival of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. Folders 5-8 pertain to tributes immediately following Farmer's death: publicity materials, publications, correspondence and working notes primarily for the September 1, 1999 memorial at the University of Mary Washington.","A year after Farmer's death, the James Farmer Multicultural Center was subject to controversial budget cuts and relocation. On November 10, 2000, Hanson and other members of the university organized a commemorative reading of James Farmer's autobiography Lay Bare the Heart in support of the Center. Folders 9-12 contain materials related to the reading, including publicity materials (programs, fliers), correspondence, book excerpts selected for the reading, and working notes.","Folders 13-16 document the unveiling of the James Farmer bust on April 20, 2001, followed by the inaugural address of James Farmer Visiting Professor of Human Rights Andrew Young. The folders contain publicity materials and publications for the unveiling. Correspondence and working notes from the series focuses on preparation for the unveiling ceremony, primarily in identifying potential invitees for the ceremony. Correspondents include UMW faculty and staff, anarchist Joffre Stewart, Donald Carleton of the University of Texas, Gail K. Beil, and Reverend Wyatt Tee Walker.","Faculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson, professor at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Bulk of records document Hanson's efforts to memorialize Civil Rights leader and former UMW professor James Farmer, Jr. Also included are publications on Farmer and audio-visual materials.","University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Hanson, William Byrd, 1940-2005","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.0002","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"collection_ssim":["William B. Hanson Faculty Records"],"repository_ssm":["University of Mary Washington"],"repository_ssim":["University of Mary Washington"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of materials were donated to the University of Mary Washington's Special Collections in Simpson Library by Roxane Hanson in 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Civil rights."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Civil rights."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: (1) Biographical Materials, (2) Correspondence, (3) Publications, (4) Tribute Materials, and (5) James Farmer Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe latter series is divided into six subseries: (A) Audiovisual Materials, (B) FoR and CORE, (C) General Materials, (D) James Farmer, Sr., (E) James Farmer Multicultural Center,(F) James Farmer Scholars Program, and (G) Tributes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series are arranged alphabetically.","The collection is organized into five series: (1) Biographical Materials, (2) Correspondence, (3) Publications, (4) Tribute Materials, and (5) James Farmer Materials.","The latter series is divided into six subseries: (A) Audiovisual Materials, (B) FoR and CORE, (C) General Materials, (D) James Farmer, Sr., (E) James Farmer Multicultural Center,(F) James Farmer Scholars Program, and (G) Tributes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson was born November 15, 1940 in Washington, D.C. to Jesse Byrd Hanson and Margaret Ludwig Hanson. Hanson attended Marietta College and received his B.A. in 1964. He pursued his doctoral studies in medical sociology at Brown University and completed his Ph.D. in 1971. On November 28, 1968, Hanson married Roxane \"Rocky\" Scharry. The couple had two children together: a daughter, Megan, and a son, Jesse. Hanson served as an assistant professor at Providence College and later as associate professor at California State University at Bakersfield. In 1981, Hanson joined the faculty at the University of Mary Washington. He became a tenured professor of sociology and briefly served as chair for the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Hanson authored a number of academic publications and in 1985 co-edited Life with Heroin: Voices from the Inner City.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHanson was known within the Mary Washington and Fredericksburg community for his social activism. Locally, he acted as board member of the Fredericksburg Area Food Relief Clearinghouse and participated in the Central Virginia Housing Coalition, Thurman Brisben Homeless Shelter, and a nuclear freeze alliance. Hanson was also involved in \"Project SOAR\", a program offering college preparation classes for minority students. At times his advocacy was deeply personal; as a recipient of organ donation, Hanson was a steadfast supporter of the procedure. On-campus, he campaigned for disability rights and living wages for college employees. His admiration for the Civil Rights Movement further shaped his involvement at UMW. Hanson helped to develop the Martin Luther King Day celebration committee at the university and taught a class called \"Civil Rights in the New Millennium\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHanson became close to Dr. James Farmer, Jr. during the Civil Rights leader's professorship at the University of Mary Washington. The friendship deepened as Farmer's health failed and Hanson became an advocate for Farmer, securing adequate medical care and campaigning for a larger retirement stipend. In his later years, Farmer came to rely upon Hanson for assistance in navigating his financial and personal matters. When Farmer was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998, Hanson and his son Jesse both attended the ceremony and reception.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Farmer's death in 1999, Hanson and his son were invited to a private memorial service at the Farmer home. Hanson became a strong supporter for commemoration of Farmer and was heavily involved in the University of Mary Washington James Farmer tributes, including the Farmer bust on Campus Walk. He also contributed to the establishment of the James Farmer Multicultural Center and fought attempts to relocate or defund the center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHanson was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and received a lung transplant in 1996. The same year, he started teaching part-time at the University of Mary Washington. Hanson passed away January 31, 2005 in Fredericksburg, Virginia after battling with the disease for nearly ten years.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson was born November 15, 1940 in Washington, D.C. to Jesse Byrd Hanson and Margaret Ludwig Hanson. Hanson attended Marietta College and received his B.A. in 1964. He pursued his doctoral studies in medical sociology at Brown University and completed his Ph.D. in 1971. On November 28, 1968, Hanson married Roxane \"Rocky\" Scharry. The couple had two children together: a daughter, Megan, and a son, Jesse. Hanson served as an assistant professor at Providence College and later as associate professor at California State University at Bakersfield. In 1981, Hanson joined the faculty at the University of Mary Washington. He became a tenured professor of sociology and briefly served as chair for the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Hanson authored a number of academic publications and in 1985 co-edited Life with Heroin: Voices from the Inner City.","Hanson was known within the Mary Washington and Fredericksburg community for his social activism. Locally, he acted as board member of the Fredericksburg Area Food Relief Clearinghouse and participated in the Central Virginia Housing Coalition, Thurman Brisben Homeless Shelter, and a nuclear freeze alliance. Hanson was also involved in \"Project SOAR\", a program offering college preparation classes for minority students. At times his advocacy was deeply personal; as a recipient of organ donation, Hanson was a steadfast supporter of the procedure. On-campus, he campaigned for disability rights and living wages for college employees. His admiration for the Civil Rights Movement further shaped his involvement at UMW. Hanson helped to develop the Martin Luther King Day celebration committee at the university and taught a class called \"Civil Rights in the New Millennium\".","Hanson became close to Dr. James Farmer, Jr. during the Civil Rights leader's professorship at the University of Mary Washington. The friendship deepened as Farmer's health failed and Hanson became an advocate for Farmer, securing adequate medical care and campaigning for a larger retirement stipend. In his later years, Farmer came to rely upon Hanson for assistance in navigating his financial and personal matters. When Farmer was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998, Hanson and his son Jesse both attended the ceremony and reception.","Following Farmer's death in 1999, Hanson and his son were invited to a private memorial service at the Farmer home. Hanson became a strong supporter for commemoration of Farmer and was heavily involved in the University of Mary Washington James Farmer tributes, including the Farmer bust on Campus Walk. He also contributed to the establishment of the James Farmer Multicultural Center and fought attempts to relocate or defund the center.","Hanson was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and received a lung transplant in 1996. The same year, he started teaching part-time at the University of Mary Washington. Hanson passed away January 31, 2005 in Fredericksburg, Virginia after battling with the disease for nearly ten years."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the faculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson. While series 1-4 relate exclusively to Hanson, the bulk of records document the career of James Farmer, Jr. and various tributes following his death.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1-4 contain materials on William Byrd Hanson during his professorship at the University of Mary Washington. Included are Hanson's curriculum vitae from August 1980 and June 1986; correspondence regarding Hanson's illness and death; a collection of newspaper and magazine articles featuring Hanson; and tribute materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials from Series 5 pertain to James Leonard Farmer, Jr. (1920-1999) and his father (1886-1961). Subseries A consists of audiovisual materials, dated between 1964 and 1996. Recordings include radio and television interviews, audio lectures, and video from tributes to Farmer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B documents James Farmer, Jr.'s involvement in the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FoR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Correspondence addressed to Farmer include letters from Richard A. Hayden (undated), George Houser (undated), and Richard K. MacMaster of Bluffton College (September 21, 1992). Records from FoR National Council Meetings are dated April 10-11 and September 11-13, 1942, comprised of minutes and reports from the following FoR members: Charlotte Bentley, James Farmer, Jr., Caleb Foote, Marion Frenyear, Larry Henderson, George Houser, Harold Stone Hull, Carl J. Landes, A.J. Muste, Dennis Nyberg, Sheldon Rahn, Constance Rumbough, Bayard Rustin, John Nevin Sayre, John M. Swomley, Jr., David White, and Herman Will, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFarmer's memorandum to A.J. Muste on the \"Brotherhood Mobilization\" also can be found within the subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C contains general materials on Farmer, primarily publicity materials, publications, and correspondence prior to and immediately following his death.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D holds a 1909 poem written by Farmer, Sr., in memoriam of Lillie M. Whitney, his high school teacher, and \"James Leonard Farmer: Texas' First African-American Ph.D.\", an article written by Gail K. Beil, undated. Note: The article also can be found in East Texas Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (Spring, 1998): pp. 18-25.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring Farmer's professorship at the university, Mary Washington College's Multicultural Center was renamed the James Farmer Multicultural Center in honor of the civil rights leader. Subseries E contains various correspondence and publications related to the Multicultural Center, primarily concerning budget cuts and relocation proposed in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James Farmer Scholars Program was similarly initiated in honor of Farmer and Subseries F contains publicity materials promoting the program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of materials can be found in Subseries G, a collection of tributes to Farmer. Folders 1-4 contain correspondence, publications, publicity materials, and photographs concerning tributes during Farmer's lifetime, particularly his receival of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. Folders 5-8 pertain to tributes immediately following Farmer's death: publicity materials, publications, correspondence and working notes primarily for the September 1, 1999 memorial at the University of Mary Washington.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA year after Farmer's death, the James Farmer Multicultural Center was subject to controversial budget cuts and relocation. On November 10, 2000, Hanson and other members of the university organized a commemorative reading of James Farmer's autobiography Lay Bare the Heart in support of the Center. Folders 9-12 contain materials related to the reading, including publicity materials (programs, fliers), correspondence, book excerpts selected for the reading, and working notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolders 13-16 document the unveiling of the James Farmer bust on April 20, 2001, followed by the inaugural address of James Farmer Visiting Professor of Human Rights Andrew Young. The folders contain publicity materials and publications for the unveiling. Correspondence and working notes from the series focuses on preparation for the unveiling ceremony, primarily in identifying potential invitees for the ceremony. Correspondents include UMW faculty and staff, anarchist Joffre Stewart, Donald Carleton of the University of Texas, Gail K. Beil, and Reverend Wyatt Tee Walker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the faculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson. While series 1-4 relate exclusively to Hanson, the bulk of records document the career of James Farmer, Jr. and various tributes following his death.","Series 1-4 contain materials on William Byrd Hanson during his professorship at the University of Mary Washington. Included are Hanson's curriculum vitae from August 1980 and June 1986; correspondence regarding Hanson's illness and death; a collection of newspaper and magazine articles featuring Hanson; and tribute materials.","Materials from Series 5 pertain to James Leonard Farmer, Jr. (1920-1999) and his father (1886-1961). Subseries A consists of audiovisual materials, dated between 1964 and 1996. Recordings include radio and television interviews, audio lectures, and video from tributes to Farmer.","Subseries B documents James Farmer, Jr.'s involvement in the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FoR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Correspondence addressed to Farmer include letters from Richard A. Hayden (undated), George Houser (undated), and Richard K. MacMaster of Bluffton College (September 21, 1992). Records from FoR National Council Meetings are dated April 10-11 and September 11-13, 1942, comprised of minutes and reports from the following FoR members: Charlotte Bentley, James Farmer, Jr., Caleb Foote, Marion Frenyear, Larry Henderson, George Houser, Harold Stone Hull, Carl J. Landes, A.J. Muste, Dennis Nyberg, Sheldon Rahn, Constance Rumbough, Bayard Rustin, John Nevin Sayre, John M. Swomley, Jr., David White, and Herman Will, Jr.","Farmer's memorandum to A.J. Muste on the \"Brotherhood Mobilization\" also can be found within the subseries.","Subseries C contains general materials on Farmer, primarily publicity materials, publications, and correspondence prior to and immediately following his death.","Subseries D holds a 1909 poem written by Farmer, Sr., in memoriam of Lillie M. Whitney, his high school teacher, and \"James Leonard Farmer: Texas' First African-American Ph.D.\", an article written by Gail K. Beil, undated. Note: The article also can be found in East Texas Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (Spring, 1998): pp. 18-25.","During Farmer's professorship at the university, Mary Washington College's Multicultural Center was renamed the James Farmer Multicultural Center in honor of the civil rights leader. Subseries E contains various correspondence and publications related to the Multicultural Center, primarily concerning budget cuts and relocation proposed in 2000.","The James Farmer Scholars Program was similarly initiated in honor of Farmer and Subseries F contains publicity materials promoting the program.","The bulk of materials can be found in Subseries G, a collection of tributes to Farmer. Folders 1-4 contain correspondence, publications, publicity materials, and photographs concerning tributes during Farmer's lifetime, particularly his receival of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. Folders 5-8 pertain to tributes immediately following Farmer's death: publicity materials, publications, correspondence and working notes primarily for the September 1, 1999 memorial at the University of Mary Washington.","A year after Farmer's death, the James Farmer Multicultural Center was subject to controversial budget cuts and relocation. On November 10, 2000, Hanson and other members of the university organized a commemorative reading of James Farmer's autobiography Lay Bare the Heart in support of the Center. Folders 9-12 contain materials related to the reading, including publicity materials (programs, fliers), correspondence, book excerpts selected for the reading, and working notes.","Folders 13-16 document the unveiling of the James Farmer bust on April 20, 2001, followed by the inaugural address of James Farmer Visiting Professor of Human Rights Andrew Young. The folders contain publicity materials and publications for the unveiling. Correspondence and working notes from the series focuses on preparation for the unveiling ceremony, primarily in identifying potential invitees for the ceremony. Correspondents include UMW faculty and staff, anarchist Joffre Stewart, Donald Carleton of the University of Texas, Gail K. Beil, and Reverend Wyatt Tee Walker."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4719e51dfd0cb07a26c0686f8352b404\"\u003eFaculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson, professor at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Bulk of records document Hanson's efforts to memorialize Civil Rights leader and former UMW professor James Farmer, Jr. Also included are publications on Farmer and audio-visual materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Faculty records of William \"Bill\" Byrd Hanson, professor at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Bulk of records document Hanson's efforts to memorialize Civil Rights leader and former UMW professor James Farmer, Jr. Also included are publications on Farmer and audio-visual materials."],"names_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives","Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Hanson, William Byrd, 1940-2005"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Mary Washington Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Hanson, William Byrd, 1940-2005"],"persname_ssim":["Farmer, James, 1920-1999","Hanson, William Byrd, 1940-2005"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:35:37.666Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifrem_repositories_2_resources_5_c05_c03"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"General papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, notes, articles, and other documents acquired or created by Baldwin in the course of his work. Two particular sections of note in this series are The Blandy Experimental Farm at University of Virginia and the Kingsville Nurseries, now Foxborough Nursery, Inc. These were two organizations he worked closely with to acquire and research new plant specimens.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers","Professional papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers","Professional papers"],"text":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers","Professional papers","General papers","Papers, notes, articles, and other documents acquired or created by Baldwin in the course of his work. Two particular sections of note in this series are The Blandy Experimental Farm at University of Virginia and the Kingsville Nurseries, now Foxborough Nursery, Inc. These were two organizations he worked closely with to acquire and research new plant specimens."],"title_filing_ssi":"General papers","title_ssm":["General papers"],"title_tesim":["General papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General papers"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":29,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, notes, articles, and other documents acquired or created by Baldwin in the course of his work. Two particular sections of note in this series are The Blandy Experimental Farm at University of Virginia and the Kingsville Nurseries, now Foxborough Nursery, Inc. These were two organizations he worked closely with to acquire and research new plant specimens.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, notes, articles, and other documents acquired or created by Baldwin in the course of his work. Two particular sections of note in this series are The Blandy Experimental Farm at University of Virginia and the Kingsville Nurseries, now Foxborough Nursery, Inc. These were two organizations he worked closely with to acquire and research new plant specimens."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:11:54.033Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9813","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9813.xml","title_filing_ssi":"John Thomas Baldwin papers","title_ssm":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1911-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 6.122","/repositories/2/resources/9813"],"text":["UA 6.122","/repositories/2/resources/9813","John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers","Liberia","Dismal Swamp (N.C. and Va.)","Botany--Virginia","Botany--Study and teaching","Botany","College of William and Mary--Faculty and Staff","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Dr. Baldwin returned to William \u0026 Mary in 1944, where he rose from assistant professor of botany to chairman of the biology department over the course of his career. ","Dr. Baldwin specialized in cytogenetics, the study of plant chromosomes, and boxwoods. His work also focused on strophanthus sarmentosus, a plant from the same genus as the dogbane family. When he traveled to Liberia in 1947 at the behest of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a survey of the distribution, prevalence and behavior of strophanthus, it was discovered to be a natural source of cortisone. The plant was used extensively in the early manufacturing of the drug.","Dr. Baldwin traveled to four continents in the course of his studies, and working with his colleague Dr. Bernice Speese, he used the seeds and plantings from those trips to turn the campus of William \u0026 Mary into a natural laboratory. Some of the plants that remain today are among the oldest cultivated representatives of their species in the United States.","Dr. Baldwin passed away on September 3, 1974 at the age of 63.","This collection contains materials pertaining to the professional career and personal life of Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. Also included are the professional papers of Dr. Bernice Speese, a William \u0026 Mary professor and colleague of Dr. Baldwin.","Materials include articles, drawings, maps, personal and academic correspondence, media clippings and written research notes, report drafts, photography, and government documents related to Baldwin's work with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  ","Several books were received along with the papers. Some volumes were retained and catalogued, the others were returned to the William \u0026 Mary Herbarium.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 6.122","/repositories/2/resources/9813"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Liberia","Dismal Swamp (N.C. and Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Liberia","Dismal Swamp (N.C. and Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Liberia","Dismal Swamp (N.C. and Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Botany--Virginia","Botany--Study and teaching","Botany","College of William and Mary--Faculty and Staff"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Botany--Virginia","Botany--Study and teaching","Botany","College of William and Mary--Faculty and Staff"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 Linear Feet","17 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9 Linear Feet","17 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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He joined the William \u0026amp; Mary faculty in 1937, before leaving in 1939 to teach at the University of Michigan for two years. Dr. Baldwin returned to William \u0026amp; Mary in 1944, where he rose from assistant professor of botany to chairman of the biology department over the course of his career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Baldwin specialized in cytogenetics, the study of plant chromosomes, and boxwoods. His work also focused on strophanthus sarmentosus, a plant from the same genus as the dogbane family. When he traveled to Liberia in 1947 at the behest of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a survey of the distribution, prevalence and behavior of strophanthus, it was discovered to be a natural source of cortisone. The plant was used extensively in the early manufacturing of the drug.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Baldwin traveled to four continents in the course of his studies, and working with his colleague Dr. Bernice Speese, he used the seeds and plantings from those trips to turn the campus of William \u0026amp; Mary into a natural laboratory. Some of the plants that remain today are among the oldest cultivated representatives of their species in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Baldwin passed away on September 3, 1974 at the age of 63.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. (1910-1974) received his undergraduate degree from William \u0026 Mary, and a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. He joined the William \u0026 Mary faculty in 1937, before leaving in 1939 to teach at the University of Michigan for two years. Dr. Baldwin returned to William \u0026 Mary in 1944, where he rose from assistant professor of botany to chairman of the biology department over the course of his career. ","Dr. Baldwin specialized in cytogenetics, the study of plant chromosomes, and boxwoods. His work also focused on strophanthus sarmentosus, a plant from the same genus as the dogbane family. When he traveled to Liberia in 1947 at the behest of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a survey of the distribution, prevalence and behavior of strophanthus, it was discovered to be a natural source of cortisone. The plant was used extensively in the early manufacturing of the drug.","Dr. Baldwin traveled to four continents in the course of his studies, and working with his colleague Dr. Bernice Speese, he used the seeds and plantings from those trips to turn the campus of William \u0026 Mary into a natural laboratory. Some of the plants that remain today are among the oldest cultivated representatives of their species in the United States.","Dr. Baldwin passed away on September 3, 1974 at the age of 63."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Thomas Baldwin Jr. papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials pertaining to the professional career and personal life of Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. Also included are the professional papers of Dr. Bernice Speese, a William \u0026amp; Mary professor and colleague of Dr. Baldwin.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include articles, drawings, maps, personal and academic correspondence, media clippings and written research notes, report drafts, photography, and government documents related to Baldwin's work with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials pertaining to the professional career and personal life of Dr. John Thomas Baldwin Jr. Also included are the professional papers of Dr. Bernice Speese, a William \u0026 Mary professor and colleague of Dr. Baldwin.","Materials include articles, drawings, maps, personal and academic correspondence, media clippings and written research notes, report drafts, photography, and government documents related to Baldwin's work with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).  "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were received along with the papers. Some volumes were retained and catalogued, the others were returned to the William \u0026amp; Mary Herbarium.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were received along with the papers. Some volumes were retained and catalogued, the others were returned to the William \u0026 Mary Herbarium."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":278,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:11:54.033Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9813_c01_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":168},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":214},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":26},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":21},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":600},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Mary Washington","value":"University of Mary Washington","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of Richmond","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":67},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","value":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","hits":42},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers on the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Revision","value":"A. E. 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