{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=22","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=21","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=23","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=377"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":22,"next_page":23,"prev_page":21,"total_pages":377,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":210,"total_count":3768,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Christmas Cards, 1952/1977","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03","ref_ssm":["viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03"],"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","parent_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","parent_ssim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_154"],"title_filing_ssi":"Christmas Cards","title_ssm":["Christmas Cards"],"title_tesim":["Christmas Cards"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christmas Cards, 1952/1977"],"text":["Christmas Cards, 1952/1977","Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977","Series III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-1977 and undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":114,"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"collection_ssim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_154","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_154.xml","title_ssm":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952-1977"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1952-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"text":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977","MS.47","/repositories/4/resources/154","Richmond (Va.)","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Pamphlets","Clippings","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.","This collection is arranged into 3 series: \n\nSeries 1: Personal Information\nSeries 2: Print Matters\nSeries 3: Christmas Cards","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr., was born in Lenoir, North Carolina on 1 Jun 1905 to Willis Andrew Shell and Bertha Weathersbee Shell, who was a noted Tidewater artist from Norfolk, VA. He was a student at the University of Richmond in 1926, though it is not clear if he graduated. In 1938, Willis A. Shell married Eleanor Roberts, with whom he would start the Attic Press from their home at 311 W. Franklin St. in Richmond, VA. While it is unclear how he managed to get his 2000-pound 1840 Washington hand press, a Christmas present from his wife, into the attic of his home, it stayed there until they moved in 1958 to 2113 Hanover Ave. in Richmond VA.  Besides co-owning and operating the Attic Press with Eleanor, Willis A. Shell also worked at the William Byrd Press from 1933-1971. He started at the William Byrd Press in February of 1933 as a salesman and then as a book designer, working there until he retired in September 1971 as the Vice President in charge of sales for Richmond, VA. Eleanor graduated from Parsons School of Design and worked as an illustrator for the Richmond New Leader, where she developed a regular art feature for the Sunday Times-Dispatch from 1935-1950.","His first handmade book was The Night After Christmas. Willis and Eleanor worked together and separately on projects. For example, for the book An Allegorical ABC Book About Father Junipero Serra, published in 1977, Willis printed the book, and Eleanor provided the illustrations. A printing proof from this book is included in the collection. There are booklets and pamphlets from the Attic Press and the William Byrd Press included within this collection and over thirty other books and pamphlets from other publishers. In addition, this collection contains copies of the obituaries of Willis and Eleanor Shell, memories of Willis and Eleanor Shell written by her niece, Margaret Roberts Thomas, and ephemera, booklets, and pamphlets relating to Willis A. Shell and his publishing companies. Due to the quality of his work, Willis A. Shell quickly became a respected printer and illustrator. In 1952 he produced three of the five entries from Richmond, VA for a 1952 Southeastern Library Association competition. These five entries were part of the total of 16 volumes designated as the best in Southern book production. Another interesting proof in this collection is a book created in nine days for Colonial Williamsburg. The combination of Eleanor's reputation as an illustrator and Willis' unique book design and printing led to the commission from Colonial Williamsburg to produce a book about Williamsburg crafts to present to Queen Elizabeth during her 1954 visit. One book he designed while at William Byrd Press was David John Mays' Edmund Pendleton, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Shell was also a charter member of the Bibliographic Society of the University of Virginia. He also served as chairman of the Special Collections Committee at the Richmond Public Library and was a member of the Rotunda Club, the Advertising Federation of America, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Virginia Historical Society. Eleanor was a member of the Woman's Club, the Friends of Richmond Public Library, the Virginia Bibliographical Society, and the Associates of the James Branch Cabell Library.","Due to their ties to the print and illustration community, the Shell collection also holds a variety of materials created by friends, including Christmas cards from both David Clinger and Warren Chappell, both noted figures in their own fields and donors to the Galvin Rare Book Room collections. The Shell's Christmas cards, like many other ones in the collection, were completely handmade; each year, they would design, print, and illustrate each card. After a noted and remarkable life, Eleanor Shell passed away February 26, 1974, and Willis A. Shell, Jr. passed away on March 14, 1989.","This collection arrived as a single unit with the majority of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate by related materials and by chronological order with the Christmas cards.","An item level inventory can be made available by reaching out to archives@richmond.edu.","MS-35 David Clinger Collection","The Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection holds booklets, pamphlets, print proofs and other items relating to the illustrator and printer, Willis A. Shell, Jr., and his wife and business and artistic partner, Eleanor Roberts Shell. Shell, Jr., was a miniature bookmaker, illustrator, and printer from Richmond, VA. The Shells founded The Attic Press while Willis Shell, Jr., also worked at The William Byrd Press from 1933-1977. Materials include illustration mock-ups, print advertisements, Attic Press materials, and personal Christmas cards from friends and fellow illustrators, including David Clinger and Warren Chappell.","Series I, Personal Information, focuses primarily on materials relating to personal matters of both Willis and Eleanor Shell.","Folder 1 contains items pertaining to Willis Shell, including obituaries, an advance photo print from the Richmond Times-Dispatch, and newspaper clippings and a copy of the paperwork donating Shell's body to science.","Folder 2 contains nine items pertaining to Eleanor Shell, including two letters written by Eleanor, in which she writes about Rockefeller purchasing one of the books created for Colonial Williamsburg. There are also two illustrations\ncreated by Eleanor included.","Folder 3 contains Christmas cards sent from Warren Chappell to Willis Shell. Some of these cards appear to be hand drawn, while others are printed illustrations of Chappell's design.","Series II, Print Matters, focuses on the professional work of Eleanor and Willis Shell and their associates.","Folder 1 contains booklets that written by various authors. They date between 1958-1977 and cover the subjects including Christmas and the journeys of James Cook.","Folder 2, Pamphlets, contains pamphlets created by a variety of presses. They date between 1957-1972, and some are advertisement pamphlets created to sell books.","Folder 3 contains non-personalized items that were sent to Willis Shell from publishing firms, libraries, and department stores. Included in these items is the new location announcements from King and Queen Press and\nWilliam E. Rudge's Sons.","Folder 4 contains items pertaining to the Attic Press. These include items printed by the Attic Press, the certificate registering the Attic Press name, and newspaper clippings about Attic Press. These items also included an illustration from the book that Attic Press created as a gift for Prince Charles and Princess Anne.","Folder 5 contains items either created at William Byrd Press or sent to them. These items include a 1957 pamphlet showing the address of the press and contact information for everyone who worked there.","Folder 6 contains ephemera not directly related to Willis A. Shell. Included in this folder are the birth announcements for John Gregory Allen and Sarah Adams Hoover, as well as a Happy Groundhog Day card. One of the more interesting items included in these items is the Richmond News Leader Directory from March 1, 1936.","Series III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country.","Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The items within this collection pertain to Willis A. \u0026 Eleanor Shell. Both Willis and Eleanor were illustrators, and Willis specialized in designing and printing books and in miniature books.","University of Richmond","Attic Press","William Byrd Press","Parsons School of Design","William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)","Shell","Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr.","Eleanor Roberts","David John Mays","David Clinger","Warren Chappell","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, 1952/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.47","/repositories/4/resources/154"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.47","/repositories/4/resources/154"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989"],"creator_ssim":["Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr.","Eleanor Roberts","David John Mays","David Clinger","Warren Chappell","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Attic Press","William Byrd Press","Parsons School of Design","William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Shell"],"creators_ssim":["Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr.","Eleanor Roberts","David John Mays","David Clinger","Warren Chappell","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974","University of Richmond","Attic Press","William Byrd Press","Parsons School of Design","William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)","Shell"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Margaret Roberts Thomas, niece of Eleanor Roberts Shell."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Pamphlets","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Pamphlets","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Pamphlets","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 3 series: \n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1: Personal Information\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2: Print Matters\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 3: Christmas Cards\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 3 series: \n\nSeries 1: Personal Information\nSeries 2: Print Matters\nSeries 3: Christmas Cards"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eWillis Andrew Shell, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e, was born in \u003cgeogname\u003eLenoir, North Carolina\u003c/geogname\u003e on \u003cdate\u003e1 Jun 1905\u003c/date\u003e to Willis Andrew Shell and Bertha Weathersbee Shell, who was a noted Tidewater artist from Norfolk, VA. He was a student at the University of Richmond in 1926, though it is not clear if he graduated. In 1938, Willis A. Shell married \u003cpersname\u003eEleanor Roberts\u003c/persname\u003e, with whom he would start the \u003ccorpname\u003eAttic Press\u003c/corpname\u003e from their home at 311 W. Franklin St. in Richmond, VA. While it is unclear how he managed to get his 2000-pound 1840 Washington hand press, a Christmas present from his wife, into the attic of his home, it stayed there until they moved in 1958 to 2113 Hanover Ave. in Richmond VA.  Besides co-owning and operating the Attic Press with Eleanor, Willis A. Shell also worked at the \u003ccorpname\u003eWilliam Byrd Press\u003c/corpname\u003e from 1933-1971. He started at the William Byrd Press in February of 1933 as a salesman and then as a book designer, working there until he retired in \u003cdate\u003eSeptember 1971\u003c/date\u003e as the Vice President in charge of sales for Richmond, VA. Eleanor graduated from \u003ccorpname\u003eParsons School of Design\u003c/corpname\u003e and worked as an \u003coccupation\u003eillustrator\u003c/occupation\u003e for the \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond New Leader\u003c/title\u003e, where she developed a regular art feature for the Sunday \u003ctitle\u003eTimes-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e from 1935-1950.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first handmade book was \u003ctitle\u003eThe Night After Christmas\u003c/title\u003e. Willis and Eleanor worked together and separately on projects. For example, for the book \u003ctitle\u003eAn Allegorical ABC Book About Father Junipero Serra\u003c/title\u003e, published in \u003cdate\u003e1977\u003c/date\u003e, Willis printed the book, and Eleanor provided the illustrations. A printing proof from this book is included in the collection. There are booklets and pamphlets from the Attic Press and the William Byrd Press included within this collection and over thirty other books and pamphlets from other publishers. In addition, this collection contains copies of the obituaries of Willis and Eleanor Shell, memories of Willis and Eleanor Shell written by her niece, Margaret Roberts Thomas, and ephemera, booklets, and pamphlets relating to Willis A. Shell and his publishing companies. Due to the quality of his work, Willis A. Shell quickly became a respected printer and illustrator. In 1952 he produced three of the five entries from Richmond, VA for a 1952 Southeastern Library Association competition. These five entries were part of the total of 16 volumes designated as the best in Southern book production. Another interesting proof in this collection is a book created in nine days for Colonial Williamsburg. The combination of Eleanor's reputation as an illustrator and Willis' unique book design and printing led to the commission from Colonial Williamsburg to produce a book about Williamsburg crafts to present to Queen Elizabeth during her 1954 visit. One book he designed while at William Byrd Press was \u003cpersname\u003eDavid John Mays\u003c/persname\u003e' \u003ctitle\u003eEdmund Pendleton\u003c/title\u003e, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Shell was also a charter member of the Bibliographic Society of the University of Virginia. He also served as chairman of the Special Collections Committee at the Richmond Public Library and was a member of the Rotunda Club, the Advertising Federation of America, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Virginia Historical Society. Eleanor was a member of the Woman's Club, the Friends of Richmond Public Library, the Virginia Bibliographical Society, and the Associates of the James Branch Cabell Library.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to their ties to the print and illustration community, the \u003cfamname\u003eShell\u003c/famname\u003e collection also holds a variety of materials created by friends, including Christmas cards from both \u003cpersname\u003eDavid Clinger\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eWarren Chappell\u003c/persname\u003e, both noted figures in their own fields and donors to the Galvin Rare Book Room collections. The Shell's Christmas cards, like many other ones in the collection, were completely handmade; each year, they would design, print, and illustrate each card. After a noted and remarkable life, Eleanor Shell passed away February 26, 1974, and Willis A. Shell, Jr. passed away on March 14, 1989. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Willis Andrew Shell, Jr., was born in Lenoir, North Carolina on 1 Jun 1905 to Willis Andrew Shell and Bertha Weathersbee Shell, who was a noted Tidewater artist from Norfolk, VA. He was a student at the University of Richmond in 1926, though it is not clear if he graduated. In 1938, Willis A. Shell married Eleanor Roberts, with whom he would start the Attic Press from their home at 311 W. Franklin St. in Richmond, VA. While it is unclear how he managed to get his 2000-pound 1840 Washington hand press, a Christmas present from his wife, into the attic of his home, it stayed there until they moved in 1958 to 2113 Hanover Ave. in Richmond VA.  Besides co-owning and operating the Attic Press with Eleanor, Willis A. Shell also worked at the William Byrd Press from 1933-1971. He started at the William Byrd Press in February of 1933 as a salesman and then as a book designer, working there until he retired in September 1971 as the Vice President in charge of sales for Richmond, VA. Eleanor graduated from Parsons School of Design and worked as an illustrator for the Richmond New Leader, where she developed a regular art feature for the Sunday Times-Dispatch from 1935-1950.","His first handmade book was The Night After Christmas. Willis and Eleanor worked together and separately on projects. For example, for the book An Allegorical ABC Book About Father Junipero Serra, published in 1977, Willis printed the book, and Eleanor provided the illustrations. A printing proof from this book is included in the collection. There are booklets and pamphlets from the Attic Press and the William Byrd Press included within this collection and over thirty other books and pamphlets from other publishers. In addition, this collection contains copies of the obituaries of Willis and Eleanor Shell, memories of Willis and Eleanor Shell written by her niece, Margaret Roberts Thomas, and ephemera, booklets, and pamphlets relating to Willis A. Shell and his publishing companies. Due to the quality of his work, Willis A. Shell quickly became a respected printer and illustrator. In 1952 he produced three of the five entries from Richmond, VA for a 1952 Southeastern Library Association competition. These five entries were part of the total of 16 volumes designated as the best in Southern book production. Another interesting proof in this collection is a book created in nine days for Colonial Williamsburg. The combination of Eleanor's reputation as an illustrator and Willis' unique book design and printing led to the commission from Colonial Williamsburg to produce a book about Williamsburg crafts to present to Queen Elizabeth during her 1954 visit. One book he designed while at William Byrd Press was David John Mays' Edmund Pendleton, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Shell was also a charter member of the Bibliographic Society of the University of Virginia. He also served as chairman of the Special Collections Committee at the Richmond Public Library and was a member of the Rotunda Club, the Advertising Federation of America, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Virginia Historical Society. Eleanor was a member of the Woman's Club, the Friends of Richmond Public Library, the Virginia Bibliographical Society, and the Associates of the James Branch Cabell Library.","Due to their ties to the print and illustration community, the Shell collection also holds a variety of materials created by friends, including Christmas cards from both David Clinger and Warren Chappell, both noted figures in their own fields and donors to the Galvin Rare Book Room collections. The Shell's Christmas cards, like many other ones in the collection, were completely handmade; each year, they would design, print, and illustrate each card. After a noted and remarkable life, Eleanor Shell passed away February 26, 1974, and Willis A. Shell, Jr. passed away on March 14, 1989."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-47, Willis \u0026amp; Eleanor Shell Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-47, Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection arrived as a single unit with the majority of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate by related materials and by chronological order with the Christmas cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn item level inventory can be made available by reaching out to archives@richmond.edu.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection arrived as a single unit with the majority of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate by related materials and by chronological order with the Christmas cards.","An item level inventory can be made available by reaching out to archives@richmond.edu."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS-35 David Clinger Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-35 David Clinger Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Willis \u0026amp; Eleanor Shell Collection holds booklets, pamphlets, print proofs and other items relating to the illustrator and printer, Willis A. Shell, Jr., and his wife and business and artistic partner, Eleanor Roberts Shell. Shell, Jr., was a miniature bookmaker, illustrator, and printer from Richmond, VA. The Shells founded The Attic Press while Willis Shell, Jr., also worked at The William Byrd Press from 1933-1977. Materials include illustration mock-ups, print advertisements, Attic Press materials, and personal Christmas cards from friends and fellow illustrators, including David Clinger and Warren Chappell.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Personal Information, focuses primarily on materials relating to personal matters of both Willis and Eleanor Shell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 contains items pertaining to Willis Shell, including obituaries, an advance photo print from the \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e, and newspaper clippings and a copy of the paperwork donating \u003cfamname\u003eShell\u003c/famname\u003e's body to science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 contains nine items pertaining to Eleanor Shell, including two letters written by Eleanor, in which she writes about Rockefeller purchasing one of the books created for Colonial Williamsburg. There are also two illustrations\ncreated by Eleanor included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 3 contains Christmas cards sent from Warren Chappell to Willis Shell. Some of these cards appear to be hand drawn, while others are printed illustrations of Chappell's design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Print Matters, focuses on the professional work of Eleanor and Willis Shell and their associates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 contains booklets that written by various authors. They date between 1958-1977 and cover the subjects including Christmas and the journeys of James Cook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2, Pamphlets, contains pamphlets created by a variety of presses. They date between 1957-1972, and some are advertisement pamphlets created to sell books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 3 contains non-personalized items that were sent to Willis Shell from publishing firms, libraries, and department stores. Included in these items is the new location announcements from King and Queen Press and\nWilliam E. Rudge's Sons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 4 contains items pertaining to the \u003ccorpname\u003eAttic Press\u003c/corpname\u003e. These include items printed by the Attic Press, the certificate registering the Attic Press name, and newspaper clippings about Attic Press. These items also included an illustration from the book that Attic Press created as a gift for Prince Charles and Princess Anne.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 5 contains items either created at \u003ccorpname\u003eWilliam Byrd Press\u003c/corpname\u003e or sent to them. These items include a 1957 pamphlet showing the address of the press and contact information for everyone who worked there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 6 contains ephemera not directly related to Willis A. Shell. Included in this folder are the birth announcements for John Gregory Allen and Sarah Adams Hoover, as well as a Happy Groundhog Day card. One of the more interesting items included in these items is the \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/title\u003e Directory from \u003cdate\u003eMarch 1, 1936\u003c/date\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Willis \u0026 Eleanor Shell Collection holds booklets, pamphlets, print proofs and other items relating to the illustrator and printer, Willis A. Shell, Jr., and his wife and business and artistic partner, Eleanor Roberts Shell. Shell, Jr., was a miniature bookmaker, illustrator, and printer from Richmond, VA. The Shells founded The Attic Press while Willis Shell, Jr., also worked at The William Byrd Press from 1933-1977. Materials include illustration mock-ups, print advertisements, Attic Press materials, and personal Christmas cards from friends and fellow illustrators, including David Clinger and Warren Chappell.","Series I, Personal Information, focuses primarily on materials relating to personal matters of both Willis and Eleanor Shell.","Folder 1 contains items pertaining to Willis Shell, including obituaries, an advance photo print from the Richmond Times-Dispatch, and newspaper clippings and a copy of the paperwork donating Shell's body to science.","Folder 2 contains nine items pertaining to Eleanor Shell, including two letters written by Eleanor, in which she writes about Rockefeller purchasing one of the books created for Colonial Williamsburg. There are also two illustrations\ncreated by Eleanor included.","Folder 3 contains Christmas cards sent from Warren Chappell to Willis Shell. Some of these cards appear to be hand drawn, while others are printed illustrations of Chappell's design.","Series II, Print Matters, focuses on the professional work of Eleanor and Willis Shell and their associates.","Folder 1 contains booklets that written by various authors. They date between 1958-1977 and cover the subjects including Christmas and the journeys of James Cook.","Folder 2, Pamphlets, contains pamphlets created by a variety of presses. They date between 1957-1972, and some are advertisement pamphlets created to sell books.","Folder 3 contains non-personalized items that were sent to Willis Shell from publishing firms, libraries, and department stores. Included in these items is the new location announcements from King and Queen Press and\nWilliam E. Rudge's Sons.","Folder 4 contains items pertaining to the Attic Press. These include items printed by the Attic Press, the certificate registering the Attic Press name, and newspaper clippings about Attic Press. These items also included an illustration from the book that Attic Press created as a gift for Prince Charles and Princess Anne.","Folder 5 contains items either created at William Byrd Press or sent to them. These items include a 1957 pamphlet showing the address of the press and contact information for everyone who worked there.","Folder 6 contains ephemera not directly related to Willis A. Shell. Included in this folder are the birth announcements for John Gregory Allen and Sarah Adams Hoover, as well as a Happy Groundhog Day card. One of the more interesting items included in these items is the Richmond News Leader Directory from March 1, 1936.","Series III, Christmas Cards, contain Christmas cards that were sent to Willis and Eleanor Shell from between 1952-1977, including many unique designs from illustrators and printers around the country."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply.  Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_86a3585121957f4c302faa3b9b0cc017\"\u003eThe items within this collection pertain to Willis A. \u0026amp; Eleanor Shell. Both Willis and Eleanor were illustrators, and Willis specialized in designing and printing books and in miniature books.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The items within this collection pertain to Willis A. \u0026 Eleanor Shell. Both Willis and Eleanor were illustrators, and Willis specialized in designing and printing books and in miniature books."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Attic Press","William Byrd Press","Parsons School of Design","William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)"],"names_coll_ssim":["William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974"],"famname_ssim":["Shell"],"persname_ssim":["Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr.","Eleanor Roberts","David John Mays","David Clinger","Warren Chappell","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Attic Press","William Byrd Press","Parsons School of Design","William Byrd Press (Richmond, VA)","Attic Press (Richmond, VA)","Shell","Shell, Willis Andrew, 1905-1989","Willis Andrew Shell, Jr.","Eleanor Roberts","David John Mays","David Clinger","Warren Chappell","Shell, Eleanor Roberts, -1974"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":223,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_154_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Chronological Papers, 1955/1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","parent_ssim":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_114"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chronological Papers","title_ssm":["Chronological Papers"],"title_tesim":["Chronological Papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chronological Papers, 1955/1972"],"text":["Chronological Papers, 1955/1972","John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955/1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-1972"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":102,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:51.066Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_114","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_114.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/99","title_ssm":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1951-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1951-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1951/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995"],"text":["John A. Owen, Jr. papers, 1951/1995","MS.6","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/114","7.5 linear feet containing 15 boxes: 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm. Processed materials total 4,500 items.","Collection is open to research.","In accordance with the donor's provenance, the collection is organized into three series. Chronological organization of what Dr. Owen considers his most important papers are located in Boxes 1-6. Miscellaneous papers are in Boxes 7-10. Alphabetic organization of extensive documentation of Dr. Owen's larger research projects and memorabilia from professional associations are in Boxes 11-15.","John Atkinson Owen, Jr. was born on September 24, 1924 in South Boston, Virginia. He completed his B.S. degree from Hampden-Sydney College, Hamden-Sydney, Virginia and went on to obtain a M.D. from the University of Virginia in 1948. Owen's postdoctoral training was done in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Durham, North Carolina. From 1956-1958 he was an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia. He then was Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at George Washington University School of Medicine from 1958-1960. In 1960 he was named an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. In 1970 Owen became a full professor of Medicine at the same institution. Owen was married on November 29, 1952 to Wanda Earle Reamy. They had two children.","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff\n        Historical Collections Staff","The John A. Owen, Jr. Papers consist of 15 boxes of archival material including letters, research notes, and documentation, and other items which reflect his professional activities from 1951-1995. The materials especially focus on diabetes, obesity, and endocrinology research; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and physicians; federal regulations on prescription writing; and pharmacist-physician interaction. This collection is of special interest to scholars interested in the University of Virginia's clinical investigation during the 1960s-70s on diabetes and endocrinology; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies (and other organizations sponsoring basic research) and physicians; the effect of and response to federal legislation of the early 1970s which regulated prescription writing; the role of the pharmacist and their relationship to the physician; the interaction of the University of Virginia's department of medicine with the hospital's lab/pathology department; and the use of free samples from drug companies.","RE: APPOINTMENT AT MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA","RE: COPIES OF ORIGINAL LETTERS FROM BOX 01 FOLDER 02","RE: COPIES OF ORIGINIAL DOCUMENTS","RE: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA","RE: OWEN COMES TO UVA","RE: OWEN'S THOUGHTS ON EUTHANASIA","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORESPONDENCE","RE: BUTTERWORTH, FROMMEYER, RISER, ENGEL, LEDERER, TREATMENT OF NEURITIS, ENDOCRINOLOGY, ROLE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM, ERTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS","RE: FRANK ENGEL, DUKE UNIVERSITY, OWEN'S MENTOR","RE: DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, ENDOCRINES","RE: ADDRESS GIVEN AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE BY W. C. GEORGE, ANTI-INTEGRATIONIST, RACISM","RE: NIH","RE: ABSTRACTS","RE: INDIANA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER","RE: ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID MIXTURES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE","RE: UVA PATENTS, INSURANCE","RE: ART VS. SCIENCE OF MEDICINE, MR. JEFFERSON'S INFLUENCE ON AMERICAN MEDICAL EDUCATION","RE: POSTGRADUATE COURSE IN UVA MEDICAL CENTER, EDOCRINOLOGY","RE: BYLAWS","RE: INSURANCE","RE: DIABETES, MEMBERS LIST","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY","RE: DIABETES, METABOLISM","RE: NEWSLETTER, PHARMACY AND THE PHYSICIAN","RE: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, ANTI-THYROID DRUGS","RE: PATIENT, DIABETES, CONFIDENTIAL","RE: PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAP","RE: ACCPC DIRECTION, SUGGESTIONS BY OWEN","RE: INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CAFFINE ON THE IN VITRO UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE BY RAT EPIDIDYMAL ADIPOSE TISSUE","RE: APPLICATION FOR MEDICAL LICENSE","RE: HIPPA","RE: CONFIDENTIAL, ENDOCRINOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM","RE: MEASLES--THE CURRENT DECLINE, LEADING DIAGNOSES AND REASONS FOR PATIENT VISITS","RE: PHARMACOLOGY SEARCH COMMITTEE UVA","RE: NAVY, OWEN WAS NAVY REPRESENTATIVE, COUNSELED STUDENTS ABOUT NAVY SCHOLARSHIP, INTERN, RESIDENCY PROGRAMS","RE: INTERNAL MEDICINE VIRGINIA","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG","RE: LABORATORY PRODUCTS","RE: PHARMACOLOGY SEARCH COMMITTEE","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: MEDICAL LICENSE","RE: CLASS REP (1948)","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: A PH A STUDY, DRUG INTERACTIONS","RE: A PH A STUDY, DRUG INTERACTIONS","RE: NEW LAW FOR WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS, RAMIFICATIONS AND RESPONSE FROM PHYSICIANS","RE: FOOD AND DRUG, PHYSICIANS AND PHYSICIANS' NEEDS","RE: DIRECTED TO PRACTICING PHYSICIANS, FOOD AND DRUG ADMIN.","TOLBUTAMIDE TEST, DRUG STUDY","RE: STUDENT EVALUATIONS, FINAL EXAM, CONFIDENTIAL","RE: SOUTHERN ASSOC. OF COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS OWEN","RE: RESEARCH ABSTRACTS FOR PROGRAM","RE: PROGRAM COMMITTEE","RE: PROBLEMS BETWEEN MEDICINE DEPARTMENT AND LAB--DEPT OF PATHOLOGY","RE: STUDENT ROTATIONS, GOALS OF MEDICINE CLERKSHIP","RE: NOMINATION FORM","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY STAFF PUBLICATIONS","RE: STUDY PROTOCOL, DRUG STUDY-FENFLURAMINE","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, FENFLURAMINE STUDY, DRUG STUDY","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, DRUG STUDY","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: ANEREXIGENIC DRUGS STUDY PROTOCOL, REPRINTS, CORRESPONDENCE","RE: FENLFURAMINE DRUG STUDY, CHEMICAL ENTITY FOR OBESITY","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 CLINICAL DATE FORMS","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 STUDY PROTOCOL","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 CORRESPONDENCE","RE: FENFLURAMINE EXTENSION","RE: DRUG STUDY DATA","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, TABLETS VS. 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Owen's postdoctoral training was done in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Durham, North Carolina. From 1956-1958 he was an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia. He then was Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at George Washington University School of Medicine from 1958-1960. In 1960 he was named an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. In 1970 Owen became a full professor of Medicine at the same institution. Owen was married on November 29, 1952 to Wanda Earle Reamy. They had two children.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Atkinson Owen, Jr. was born on September 24, 1924 in South Boston, Virginia. He completed his B.S. degree from Hampden-Sydney College, Hamden-Sydney, Virginia and went on to obtain a M.D. from the University of Virginia in 1948. Owen's postdoctoral training was done in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Durham, North Carolina. From 1956-1958 he was an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia. He then was Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at George Washington University School of Medicine from 1958-1960. In 1960 he was named an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. In 1970 Owen became a full professor of Medicine at the same institution. Owen was married on November 29, 1952 to Wanda Earle Reamy. They had two children."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by: Historical Collections Staff\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff\n        Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn A. Owen, Jr. Papers, #MS-6, Historical Collections and Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John A. Owen, Jr. Papers, #MS-6, Historical Collections and Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John A. 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This collection is of special interest to scholars interested in the University of Virginia's clinical investigation during the 1960s-70s on diabetes and endocrinology; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies (and other organizations sponsoring basic research) and physicians; the effect of and response to federal legislation of the early 1970s which regulated prescription writing; the role of the pharmacist and their relationship to the physician; the interaction of the University of Virginia's department of medicine with the hospital's lab/pathology department; and the use of free samples from drug companies.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRE: APPOINTMENT AT MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: COPIES OF ORIGINAL LETTERS FROM BOX 01 FOLDER 02\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: COPIES OF ORIGINIAL DOCUMENTS\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: OWEN COMES TO UVA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: OWEN'S THOUGHTS ON EUTHANASIA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: MISC. 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HENRY MULLHOLLAND EXPRESSES INTEREST IN DIABETES ADVISORY COMMITTEE\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRE: DR. DOLMA'S VISIT TO UVA \u0026amp; CORRESPONDANCE RESULTING FROM THAT VISIT \u0026amp; SUBSEQUENT MEDIA COVERAL\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John A. Owen, Jr. Papers consist of 15 boxes of archival material including letters, research notes, and documentation, and other items which reflect his professional activities from 1951-1995. The materials especially focus on diabetes, obesity, and endocrinology research; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies and physicians; federal regulations on prescription writing; and pharmacist-physician interaction. This collection is of special interest to scholars interested in the University of Virginia's clinical investigation during the 1960s-70s on diabetes and endocrinology; the relationship between pharmaceutical companies (and other organizations sponsoring basic research) and physicians; the effect of and response to federal legislation of the early 1970s which regulated prescription writing; the role of the pharmacist and their relationship to the physician; the interaction of the University of Virginia's department of medicine with the hospital's lab/pathology department; and the use of free samples from drug companies.","RE: APPOINTMENT AT MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA","RE: COPIES OF ORIGINAL LETTERS FROM BOX 01 FOLDER 02","RE: COPIES OF ORIGINIAL DOCUMENTS","RE: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA","RE: OWEN COMES TO UVA","RE: OWEN'S THOUGHTS ON EUTHANASIA","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORRESPONDENCE","RE: MISC. CORESPONDENCE","RE: BUTTERWORTH, FROMMEYER, RISER, ENGEL, LEDERER, TREATMENT OF NEURITIS, ENDOCRINOLOGY, ROLE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM, ERTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS","RE: FRANK ENGEL, DUKE UNIVERSITY, OWEN'S MENTOR","RE: DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, ENDOCRINES","RE: ADDRESS GIVEN AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE BY W. C. GEORGE, ANTI-INTEGRATIONIST, RACISM","RE: NIH","RE: ABSTRACTS","RE: INDIANA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER","RE: ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID MIXTURES BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE","RE: UVA PATENTS, INSURANCE","RE: ART VS. SCIENCE OF MEDICINE, MR. JEFFERSON'S INFLUENCE ON AMERICAN MEDICAL EDUCATION","RE: POSTGRADUATE COURSE IN UVA MEDICAL CENTER, EDOCRINOLOGY","RE: BYLAWS","RE: INSURANCE","RE: DIABETES, MEMBERS LIST","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY","RE: DIABETES, METABOLISM","RE: NEWSLETTER, PHARMACY AND THE PHYSICIAN","RE: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, ANTI-THYROID DRUGS","RE: PATIENT, DIABETES, CONFIDENTIAL","RE: PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAP","RE: ACCPC DIRECTION, SUGGESTIONS BY OWEN","RE: INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CAFFINE ON THE IN VITRO UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE BY RAT EPIDIDYMAL ADIPOSE TISSUE","RE: APPLICATION FOR MEDICAL LICENSE","RE: HIPPA","RE: CONFIDENTIAL, ENDOCRINOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM","RE: MEASLES--THE CURRENT DECLINE, LEADING DIAGNOSES AND REASONS FOR PATIENT VISITS","RE: PHARMACOLOGY SEARCH COMMITTEE UVA","RE: NAVY, OWEN WAS NAVY REPRESENTATIVE, COUNSELED STUDENTS ABOUT NAVY SCHOLARSHIP, INTERN, RESIDENCY PROGRAMS","RE: INTERNAL MEDICINE VIRGINIA","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG","RE: LABORATORY PRODUCTS","RE: PHARMACOLOGY SEARCH COMMITTEE","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: MEDICAL LICENSE","RE: CLASS REP (1948)","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: A PH A STUDY, DRUG INTERACTIONS","RE: A PH A STUDY, DRUG INTERACTIONS","RE: NEW LAW FOR WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS, RAMIFICATIONS AND RESPONSE FROM PHYSICIANS","RE: FOOD AND DRUG, PHYSICIANS AND PHYSICIANS' NEEDS","RE: DIRECTED TO PRACTICING PHYSICIANS, FOOD AND DRUG ADMIN.","TOLBUTAMIDE TEST, DRUG STUDY","RE: STUDENT EVALUATIONS, FINAL EXAM, CONFIDENTIAL","RE: SOUTHERN ASSOC. OF COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS OWEN","RE: RESEARCH ABSTRACTS FOR PROGRAM","RE: PROGRAM COMMITTEE","RE: PROBLEMS BETWEEN MEDICINE DEPARTMENT AND LAB--DEPT OF PATHOLOGY","RE: STUDENT ROTATIONS, GOALS OF MEDICINE CLERKSHIP","RE: NOMINATION FORM","RE: BIOCHEMISTRY STAFF PUBLICATIONS","RE: STUDY PROTOCOL, DRUG STUDY-FENFLURAMINE","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, FENFLURAMINE STUDY, DRUG STUDY","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, DRUG STUDY","RE: INVESTIGATIONAL BROCHURE, DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: ANEREXIGENIC DRUGS STUDY PROTOCOL, REPRINTS, CORRESPONDENCE","RE: FENLFURAMINE DRUG STUDY, CHEMICAL ENTITY FOR OBESITY","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 CLINICAL DATE FORMS","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 STUDY PROTOCOL","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, GRANT #4879 CORRESPONDENCE","RE: FENFLURAMINE EXTENSION","RE: DRUG STUDY DATA","RE: FENFLURAMINE DRUG STUDY, TABLETS VS. EXTENTAB","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTING, STUDY","RE: PIERO FOA AND ANNA D'AMICO","RE: MEDICAL STATISTICS NOTES","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, NOTES #80-93, INCLUDES LIST OF TITLES AND INDEX","NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, NOTES #94-110","RE: NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, NOTES #128-145","NOTES FROM A LABORATORY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, NOTES #111-127","RE: NIH GRANT SERUM INSULIN","RE: NIH GRANT SERUM INSULIN","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","LAB INFOR, UPJOHN DRUG STUDY","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: U-26452 DRUG STUDIES","RE: CLINICAL BROCHURE","RE: DRUG STUDY","RE: INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION PROGRAM","RE: AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION, ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 18TH-20TH MEETINGS","RE: AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY","RE: AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION, ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 21ST-23RD MEETINGS","RE: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY DIRECTORY","RE: CLINICAL INVESTIGATION ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 43RD-47TH MEETINGS","RE: CLINICAL INVESTIGATION ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 48TH-51ST MEETINGS","RE: CLINICAL INVESTIGATION ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS 52ND-56TH MEETINGS","RE: INTERNAL SECRETIONS 33RD MEETING PROGRAM","RE: ENDOCRINE SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 37TH-42ND MEETINGS","RE: ENDOCRINE SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 43RD-45TH MEETINGS","RE: ENDOCRINE SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAMS, 46-48TH MEETINGS","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: MISC.","RE: WIDOW OF DR. HENRY MULLHOLLAND EXPRESSES INTEREST IN DIABETES ADVISORY COMMITTEE","RE: DR. DOLMA'S VISIT TO UVA \u0026 CORRESPONDANCE RESULTING FROM THAT VISIT \u0026 SUBSEQUENT MEDIA COVERAL"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:51.066Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_114_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Church Bulletins, 1944/1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","parent_ssim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654"],"title_filing_ssi":"Church Bulletins","title_ssm":["Church Bulletins"],"title_tesim":["Church Bulletins"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Church Bulletins, 1944/1974"],"text":["Church Bulletins, 1944/1974","Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970","box 1","box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1974"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:23.643Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2654.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records","title_ssm":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records"],"title_tesim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"text":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970","Ms.2011.014","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type. Within each material type, bulletins, newletters, and ephemera are in chronological order.","The establishment of a Lutheran Church in Blacksburg evolved from several previous congregations in the county, known as Montgomery Charge. The cornerstone of Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church was laid November 10, 1883, on the 400th celebration of Martin Luther's birthday. The church as completed and the congregation was organized February 21, 1886, under the direction of its pastor the Reverend Hubber. On Pentecost Sunday, May 30, 1971, the congregation met in the old building for the last time and moved as a body to the new location for the first service which was held in the Fellowship Hall. The first service in the completed church was on Easter Sunday 1974.","The guide to the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records was completed in February 2011.","A majority of the collection consists of church bulletins from 1958 to 1974. Please note: After 1971, the collection contains only scattered issues. In addition, the collection includes five paster newsletters from 1964 and 1965, an 1966 church directory, and several other pieces of ephemera relating to church history. The collection also includes parish directories from 1981, 1987, and 1988. This collection also includes a membership roster from 1983.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes church bulletins, newsletters, parish directories and other papers relating to the history of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, 1944/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.014"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.014"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records was donated to Special Collections and University Archives prior to 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type. Within each material type, bulletins, newletters, and ephemera are in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type. Within each material type, bulletins, newletters, and ephemera are in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe establishment of a Lutheran Church in Blacksburg evolved from several previous congregations in the county, known as Montgomery Charge. The cornerstone of Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church was laid November 10, 1883, on the 400th celebration of Martin Luther's birthday. The church as completed and the congregation was organized February 21, 1886, under the direction of its pastor the Reverend Hubber. On Pentecost Sunday, May 30, 1971, the congregation met in the old building for the last time and moved as a body to the new location for the first service which was held in the Fellowship Hall. The first service in the completed church was on Easter Sunday 1974.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The establishment of a Lutheran Church in Blacksburg evolved from several previous congregations in the county, known as Montgomery Charge. The cornerstone of Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church was laid November 10, 1883, on the 400th celebration of Martin Luther's birthday. The church as completed and the congregation was organized February 21, 1886, under the direction of its pastor the Reverend Hubber. On Pentecost Sunday, May 30, 1971, the congregation met in the old building for the last time and moved as a body to the new location for the first service which was held in the Fellowship Hall. The first service in the completed church was on Easter Sunday 1974."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, Ms2011-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, Ms2011-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records was completed in February 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church Records was completed in February 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA majority of the collection consists of church bulletins from 1958 to 1974. Please note: After 1971, the collection contains only scattered issues. In addition, the collection includes five paster newsletters from 1964 and 1965, an 1966 church directory, and several other pieces of ephemera relating to church history. The collection also includes parish directories from 1981, 1987, and 1988. This collection also includes a membership roster from 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A majority of the collection consists of church bulletins from 1958 to 1974. Please note: After 1971, the collection contains only scattered issues. In addition, the collection includes five paster newsletters from 1964 and 1965, an 1966 church directory, and several other pieces of ephemera relating to church history. The collection also includes parish directories from 1981, 1987, and 1988. This collection also includes a membership roster from 1983."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b45d2dca75797ccdd2255381ad5d4386\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes church bulletins, newsletters, parish directories and other papers relating to the history of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes church bulletins, newsletters, parish directories and other papers relating to the history of the Luther Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Luther Memorial Lutheran Church (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:23.643Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2654_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Church History Materials, 1875/2011","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567"],"title_filing_ssi":"Church History Materials","title_ssm":["Church History Materials"],"title_tesim":["Church History Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Church History Materials, 1875/2011"],"text":["Church History Materials, 1875/2011","Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1875–2011"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":40,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1844/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"text":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567","Virginia -- History, Local","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011","Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.","Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.","The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037.","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.","Items in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.","Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.","This series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials lent by Bethlehem United Church of Christ to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.51 Gigabytes 46 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.51 Gigabytes 46 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Church records"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1844-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLadies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSunday School, 1894-1948\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eChurch History Materials, 1875-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollection was formerly numbered SC 5037.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItems in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.","Items in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.","Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.","This series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e411dd58289ec1c9c7e9de120b054656\"\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":50,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c04"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"City of Harrisonburg, 1958/2012","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","parent_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_632"],"title_filing_ssi":"City of Harrisonburg","title_ssm":["City of Harrisonburg"],"title_tesim":["City of Harrisonburg"],"normalized_title_ssm":["City of Harrisonburg, 1958/2012"],"text":["City of Harrisonburg, 1958/2012","Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-2012"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":37,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"persname_ssim":["Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"names_ssim":["Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"text":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013","SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).","The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992\n      City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\n      Personal Papers, 1952-2013\n      Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\n      Maps, 1958-2003\n      Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.","Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.","When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.","SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","All slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/). Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. papers, 1920/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0003","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Description and travel","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Politics and government","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Kathleen Sullivan, wife of Robert James Sullivan Jr., in two separate donations in April 2014 and August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["8.53 cubic feet 12 boxes, 4 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Color slides","Digital images","Photographs","Annual reports","Maps (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Scrapbooks","Pamphlets","Drawings (visual works)","Brochures"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All slides within series 6: Photographs and Slides, have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1946-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCity of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1952-2013\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1958-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  ","\u003cp\u003eArranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in six series. Series 1: Reports and Series 2: City of Harrisonburg are arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries arranged chronologically.","Reports, 1946-1992\n      City of Harrisonburg, 1958-2012\n      Personal Papers, 1952-2013\n      Scrapbooks and Newspaper, 1945-2012\n      Maps, 1958-2003\n      Photographs and Slides, circa 1930-2012","Arranged topically.","Arranged under two headings: Photographs, and Slides. Photographs are arranged chronologically, and Slides are arranged topically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKnown locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert \"Bobby\" James Sullivan Jr. was born on November 18, 1937 in Harrisonburg, Virginia and was the eldest son of the late Robert J. Sullivan Sr. and Goldie Liskey Sullivan. He passed away on February 4, 2013. Sullivan graduated from Harrisonburg High School in 1956 and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount St. Mary's College in 1960 and a master's degree in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He married Kathleen Marie Donovan on June 27, 1964.","Sullivan was the City Planner for the city of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991 during the years that saw Urban Redevelopment for parts of the city as well as growth through annexation. He also taught as an adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science for James Madison University from 1970-2006. See folder titled \"Background Information, Robert J. Sullivan, Jr., August 1998\" from the Personal Papers series for details of his life and career.","Known locally as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg, Sullivan often spoke to groups about the history of Harrisonburg. He was responsible for creating walking tours of downtown Harrisonburg first with his JMU Political Science classes, and later with the larger community.","Sullivan was a life-long member of Blessed Sacrament parish and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He served on the Rockingham Public Library Board and the Salvation Army Advisory Board for over thirty years. He was especially fond of the Harrisonburg High School athletic teams and was recognized as the Harrisonburg Blue Streaks biggest fan when he was inducted into the Harrisonburg High School Hall of Fame as part of the inaugural class of 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When this collection was received from the donor, some materials had been wet and suffered from mold damage. Materials with excessive water damage or mold were photocopied and the originals discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["SdArch 2-3 : Oral history interview [sound recording] / Bob Sullivan ; interviewed by Amy Accles, forms part of Court Square, Harrisonburg, Virginia, an oral history project. Transcript also available in Special Collections and the circulating collection: F234.H31 A29 1990.","The Harrisonburg, VA branch of the Massanutten Regional Library holds 36 scrapbooks created by Sullivan from the years 1965-2001. These scrapbooks are cataloged under the title \"Harrisonburg Civic Scrapbook.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad Street, E. Gay St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason St, Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEffinger St., Broad St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN. Mason, E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroad St., E. Rock St.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAll slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/\"\u003e(https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/).\u003c/extref\u003e Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of materials that Sullivan created and collected relating mostly to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he served as the City Planner from 1965-1991. The collection contains documents related to city planning, the history and expansion of Harrisonburg, and urban renewal. Other materials document his time in the Political Science Department at James Madison University as well as the walking tours he led of downtown Harrisonburg. His personal papers include newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other documents relating to his life and career. Also contained in the collection are a large number of photographs and slides that Sullivan took that capture the growth and changes in Harrisonburg over time. Images of note include a panoramic view of Harrisonburg ca. 1930, photos and slides that document urban renewal projects, and images of downtown Harrisonburg, VA from the 1960s-2000s.","Arranged into three subseries: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, and Miscellaneous Reports, 1946-1992. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 1.1: City Planning Commission Annual Reports, 1966-1981, contains a continuous run of annual reports for the City Planning Commission from 1965 through 1981. These annual reports include planning commission highlights and monthly summaries of activities. The 1965-1966 report notes that Robert J. Sullivan Jr. took over the duties of Planning Director on October 1, 1965.","Subseries 1.2: Urban Planning Grants, 1965-1966, contains reports prepared under the contract for the Local Planning Section: Department of Conservation and Economic Development, State of Virginia. The preparation of these reports was funded in part through an urban planning grant from the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The reports contain analysis of various aspects of the city of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and information pertaining to residential neighborhoods and the downtown area. These Urban Planning Grants also include a 1966 comprehensive plan for development over the following twenty years as well as a summary report of that plan. These reports were office copies that belonged to Robert James Sullivan Jr. and have his name written on the cover. Because of excessive mold on these reports, all items from this subseries have been photocopied and originals discarded.","Subseries 1.3: Miscellaneous City Planning Reports, 1946-1992, contains various other reports that relate to city planning in Harrisonburg or city planning in general. Two reports relate to city planning in Norfolk, Virginia from the 1940s and 1950s and document urban renewal or \"slum clearance\" efforts there. Box 1 folder 27 contains an outline of the history of City Planning in Harrisonburg, beginning with the establishment of the Planning Commission in March, 1938. The report titled Harrisonburg: \"The City with the Planned Future,\" contains a detailed history of the founding and growth of Harrisonburg, including population statistics and documentation of land annexation as well a listing of the members of City Council from 1849-2006.","Arranged into two subseries: City Planning, 1960-2012, and Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Subseries 2.1: City Planning, 1960-2012, contains materials that Sullivan created in his role as City Planner, or that relate to city planning functions. Types of materials include photos and other documents related to the Northeast Urban Redevelopment Project, newspaper articles about city planning and the growth and development of Harrisonburg, and documents relating to zoning and historic district status. The folders titled \"What do you think of Federal Aid? Photos and description,\" contain a document written in 2012 by Sullivan explaining the history of urban redevelopment in Harrisonburg, and his role in the \"slum clearance\" projects of the 1950s and 1960s.","Subseries 2.2: Harrisonburg History, 1958-2008, contains materials collected by Sullivan that relate to the history of Harrisonburg, as well as materials he created related to the history and development of the city. Sullivan was known as the \"unofficial historian of Harrisonburg\" and materials in this subseries document the history and development of Harrisonburg. Items of note include original drawings of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1950s and 1960s as well as posters and brochures that contain Sullivan's sketches for the 1980 Bicentennial celebration. Other materials include the text of various talks Sullivan gave on the history of Harrisonburg to various groups in town.","Arranged Chronologically. Materials in the Personal Papers series document Sullivan's professional activities as well as his time as an instructor in the Political Science Department at James Madison University. Please note that the folder titled \"JMU Classes - Evaluations,\" do not contain student grades or performance evaluations, but rather contain evaluations completed by students about Sullivan's performance as an instructor. For details of Sullivan's life and career highlights please see the folder titled \"Background Information Robert J. Sullivan Jr., August 1998.\"","Arranged Chronologically. The Scrapbooks and Newspaper series consists of newspaper clippings collected by Sullivan, either loose in folders, or pasted into scrapbook pages, that document city planning activities primarily in Harrisonburg, VA. Most newspaper clippings come from the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. In addition to clippings that document city planning efforts, Sullivan also collected clippings that relate to historical aspects of Harrisonburg, particularly those that feature images of Harrisonburg from the past. The folder titled \"Old Times\" : News and photos from the Daily News-Record contains a copy of the front page of the Daily News-Record from 1945 that reports on the ending of World War II. Please note that the scrapbooks in box 5, folders 4-7 are photocopies of the original scrapbooks. The original scrapbooks suffered from mold damage and were not retained.","The maps series contains maps produced or used by the Harrisonburg Housing and Redevelopment Authority that document homes and businesses in areas of Harrisonburg slated for demolition through urban renewal initiatives. Other city planning maps include hand-drawn maps created by Sullivan that show the growth of Harrisonburg over time and through annexation, as well as miscellaneous maps of Harrrisonburg and Rockingham County collected from various sources. Map identifier is located on the back of each item in the bottom right corner.","Broad Street, Mason Street, N. Main Street","Broad Street, E. Gay St.","N. Mason St, Rock St.","Effinger St., Broad St.","N. Mason, E. Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., Rock St.","Broad St., E. Rock St.","This series comprises photographic prints and slides created or collected by Sullivan that primarily document neighborhoods, buildings, and other locations in and around Harrisonburg, Virginia from circa 1930 to 2006.\nImages document the areas of Harrisonburg targeted for urban renewal in the 1960s, street widening and other planning commission projects, as well as buildings and other features of downtown Harrisonburg from the 1960s-early 2000s. Images in this series were taken and used by Sullivan both in his professional capacity as City Planning Director, as well as for personal use. Other content found among this series includes images of Harrisonburg High School football games in the early 2000s as well as images of JMU students in classes taught by Sullivan and on walking tours conducted as part of his courses from 1990-2006. Items identified as photo albums in the inventory were removed from their original albums and foldered individually with corresponding captions as folder titles.","All slides have been digitized and are available within JMU Scholarly Commons (https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/rjs/). Slides are arranged topically from the original arrangement created by Sullivan, and are listed alphabetically. Descriptive titles for the topical groupings listed in the inventory were transcribed from Sullivan's own description, written onto slide reel boxes. Additionally, Sullivan wrote item level image description onto most slides in the collection. That descriptive information is listed as the image title when viewing the images within JMU Scholarly Commons.","Most slide images document Harrisonburg and the surrounding area from the 1960s-1980s. Other content includes images of Reston, VA, and Durham, NC that feature housing complexes and downtown areas. Note that images of Harrisonburg are found within the grouping labeled as \"Durham, NC,\" as well as in the grouping titled \"non-H'burg.\"","Includes Turkey Statue - \"Welcome to Rockingham County Turkey Capital.\"","Harrisonburg \"City Hall\" Bryan Mabry, Harrisonburg School Board Office, VA Quilt Museum, Massanutten Regional Library, Rockingham County Office Building, Rockingham County Court House, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Rockingham-Harrisonburg Dept. of Health and Social Services, J. R. Lineweaver Apartments, Harrisonburg Fire Station #4, VA Dept. of Taxation Office, ABC Store, Rockingham Co. Government Administration Center, Rockingham Harrisonburg Judicial Center, Harrisonburg Electric Commission, Court House Clock Tower","Two aerials of Harrisonburg and one of JMU."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5eed26077b3b31ac9a220ace1de85622\"\u003eThe Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers consist of professional and personal records and reports, and document Sullivan's time as City Planner of Harrisonburg from 1965-1991, his career in the Political Science Department at James Madison University, and work as the \"unofficial historian\" of Harrisonburg. Materials include city planning reports, newspaper articles, photographs, scrapbooks, and maps."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Kathleen"],"persname_ssim":["Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Faculty","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Sullivan, Robert James, Jr., 1937-2013","Sullivan, Kathleen","Caldwell, Martha B. (Martha Belle), 1931-2020","Marshall, Caroline T., 1938-2018"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_632_c02"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield, 1968/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","parent_ssim":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_83"],"title_filing_ssi":"City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield","title_ssm":["City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield"],"title_tesim":["City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield"],"normalized_title_ssm":["City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield, 1968/1975"],"text":["City of Richmond V. County of Chesterfield, 1968/1975","Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["n.d.,1968-1975"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":156,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_83.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond annexation files"],"title_tesim":["Richmond annexation files"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"text":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976","M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.","The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.","The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond annexation files, 1942/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83"],"unitid_tesim":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"creators_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were originally deposited in the Department by John V. Moeser and Rutledge M. Dennis who used the materials to write The Politics of Annexation : Oligarchic Power in a Southern City (1982). The materials were then given to the Department by W.H.C. Venable, the primary lawyer involved in the trials, in 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":392,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_83_c02"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Civic Life, 1953/1997","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","parent_ssim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_105"],"title_filing_ssi":"Civic Life","title_ssm":["Civic Life"],"title_tesim":["Civic Life"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civic Life, 1953/1997"],"text":["Civic Life, 1953/1997","Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-1997"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":118,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_105.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s","1940-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"text":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980","MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.","Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.","Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.","These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2015.150 was found on college property and was received by Special Collections on 6/5/2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAdded as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrivate Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 items circa 1880s-1910s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirca 1940s-1950s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLikely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a few matching negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeatures nautical scenes and a show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarger materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome pages are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRolled-up and brittle item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly regarding loans and deeds of trust\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly from the Order of Elks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong other photographs are four formal group portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTextile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":142,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105_c03"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","parent_ssim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158"],"title_filing_ssi":"Clarence A. Steele papers","title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969"],"text":["Clarence A. Steele papers, 1933/1969","Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1969"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1933-1969"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":77,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:53:08.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_158.xml","title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"text":["Clarence A. Steele papers","C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158","University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Clarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.","The Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"","The Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.","In order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"","The most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.","By early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.","The disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.","Accordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.","Gathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.","The Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and collections on .","This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center","Steele, Clarence A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence A. Steele papers"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"unitid_tesim":["C0056","/repositories/2/resources/158"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"creators_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Clarence A. Steele in 1999."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University extension -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Transportation","Transportation -- Planning"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele was the chairman of the Exploratory Committee and Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center (NVUC). The Center was established in September 1949 as an adult education extension of the University of Virginia (UVa) at Charlottesville. A few years before, the idea for a center was set into motion. Seeing an opportunity for educational expansion and recognizing the needs of the growing Northern Virginia population, University of Virginia's Extension Division, headed by Professor George B. Zehmer, formed an Exploratory Committee to work out a feasibility plan for creating an extension in Northern Virginia. The result was the Northern Virginia University Center, which became fully operational in February 1950, with six classes enrolling about 50 students.","The Extension Division named John Norville Gibson Finley as the Center's first director. The Center's administrative offices and \"campus\" were located on the campus of Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia. During the Center's early years, it offered college-level courses for adults. By the fall of 1953, the Center grew to 55 classes with 900 enrolled students. The Center, which had set out to serve only the immediate Washington metropolitan area in Virginia, expanded to serve an area that encompassed a radius of thirty miles around Arlington. This significant growth forced the Center to reevaluate its mission to the population it served. So in 1954, an Advisory Council formed to examine the challenges of expansion and to consider a \"possible change of character\" for the Center. Moreover, it was asked to \"interpret the community and its desires to the University\" and to \"assist in creating a climate of demand for the educational services offered.\"","The Advisory Council consisted of sixteen members, all of whom resided in Northern Virginia. The Council's first meeting was on January 4, 1954 in Washington-Lee High School, called and chaired by Clarence A. Steele, former chairman of the Center's Exploratory Committee, which the Council superseded. As chair, Steele presided over meetings and directed the activities of the Council. Together with Mr. Zehmer, head of the Extension Division, and President Colgate W. Darden of the University of Virginia, the Council explored ways to convert the Center into a formal branch of University of Virginia. Steele and the Council immediately began a dialogue with prominent members of the community, including Virginia senators Charles R. Fenwick and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., hoping to find support for a branch of the University of Virginia.","In order to establish a branch, the Center had to comply with standards enacted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of which the University of Virginia was a member. Standards included: (1) a centrally located building sufficient for administration and instruction; (2) a sizable nucleus of full-time faculty members to ensure permanence and continuity; (3) adequate library and laboratory facilities; (4) a stable pattern of course offerings. Aware that the Center did not meet all of these conditions, the Advisory Council used the Southern Association standards as a foundation for their proposal. Steele thereby formed committees to focus on meeting the standards. The committees included: Building and Grounds, Ways and Means, Public Relations, Legal Council, and Research. This focus streamlined the Council, allowing members to use their expertise most productively. President Darden gave his full support to the endeavor, providing his own philosophy as an impetus: \"bring the University of Virginia to the people\" and \"promote adult education formally and informally; culturally as well as technically.\"","The most important task facing the Council was the search for a location for the new college. Throughout late 1954 and all of 1955 they searched for tracts of land suitable for a permanent location. In the meantime, the Northern Virginia Center (as the Center was now called) continued to grow, expanding to 110 classes with 2,100 enrolled students in the spring of 1956. More startling was the prediction that enrollment would reach 8,000 adult students within a decade. This, along with the area's growing number of high school graduates, necessitated a new emphasis: one which would make the branch an affordable two-year institution with day classes - serving all students, not just adults. At this time, a Virginia House Joint Resolution passed, \"authorizing the establishment of a branch of the University of Virginia to be located in Northern Virginia\" (passed by the House of Delegates and the Senate of Virginia in February 1956), thereby providing the legal underpinning to continue the expansion of the Center.","By early 1956, many locations for the branch had been scouted out and researched. President Darden insisted that the college \"have an appropriate campus, an ample campus, ample acres for spacing buildings, for parking, for playing fields of various kinds, for woods and vistas.\" Later in the year, three sites were seriously considered: the Ravensworth estate, between Annandale and Springfield, along Braddock Road; the Bowman or Herndon tracts, on the Sunset Hills farm land near Herndon; and seven Prince William County sites, including one along the border of Manassas Battlefield Park. In the summer of 1956, the Advisory Council unanimously endorsed the Ravensworth site. But not long after, a sub-committee assigned by the University of Virginia Board of Visitors was charged to survey the locations, and, to the Council's chagrin, it recommended the Bowman tract.","The disagreement arose from an apparent conflict of interest between the Advisory Council and the Visitors sub-committee. A few years prior, the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to the Governor and the General Assembly (VALC) drafted a report, recommending that new university branches should only be two-year institutions and be self-supportive. In other words, VALC \"wanted to establish urban branches [without dormitories] where students could live at home,\" and thus raise the cost of tuition, saving the state from unnecessary expenses.","Accordingly, in their search for branch locations, the Advisory Council looked for sites that would accommodate a \"2-year, non-dormitory type of institution ONLY.\" They found the Ravensworth site ideal for those purposes. Conversely, the Visitors sub-committee's choice of the Bowman tract - a much larger and even more isolated area - clearly \"envisioned a full scale dormitory type institution.\" The Council was unaware of the University of Virginia's plan to establish a large, four-year college with an extensive campus, and was unprepared for such a shift in focus.","Gathering what support they could, the Council sent delegations from Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties to persuade the Board of Visitors to reconsider. Several members of the Visitors were openly antagonistic to the Ravensworth site, mainly because the Bowman tract offered a firmer political base to the region. Others felt that there was \"little use for Northern Virginia\" for the future of the University. After some debate the Visitors dryly agreed to \"take the whole matter of establishing a branch under advisement.\" A few years later, in 1959, the Council and the Visitors settled their differences and decided on an entirely new site: the Farr tract, the site on which George Mason University now stands, located less than one mile south of Fairfax City.","The Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia Center, with Clarence A. Steele at the helm, faced many challenges during the early years of its existence. The problems associated with growth, the evaluation of educational needs in Northern Virginia, and the search for a new location for the University branch occupied much time and required considerable investment."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence A. Steele papers, C0056, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Clarence A. Steele papers, C0056, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Maria Forte in March 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University archives\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/2075\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and collections on \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"transportation\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85137027\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and collections on ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele. Papers, relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia, include minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents. In addition the collection includes road-use surveys, manuals, personnel hiring and correspondence for surveys managed by Clarence A. Steele in Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ohio and Pennsylvania from 1935 to 1936."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e16eae29ce17c7112c102016dc8347cc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains papers and material owned by Clarence A. Steele relating to the Advisory Council to the Northern Virginia University Center. Included are minutes of meetings, letters, newspapers, and miscellaneous documents."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center"],"persname_ssim":["Steele, Clarence A."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Virginia","University of Virginia. Northern Virginia Center","Steele, Clarence A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":78,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:53:08.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_158_c01"}},{"id":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Class of 1944, 1959/1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01"],"id":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02","parent_ssi":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02","parent_ssim":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018","Boydton Society, 1959/2002"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Class of 1944","title_ssm":["Class of 1944"],"title_tesim":["Class of 1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Class of 1944, 1959/1994"],"text":["Class of 1944, 1959/1994","Boydton Society, 1996/2018","Boydton Society, 1959/2002","box 2","folder 1-33"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018","Boydton Society, 1959/2002"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018","Boydton Society, 1959/2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1994"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":159,"repository_ssim":["Randolph-Macon College"],"collection_ssim":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 1-33"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research; appointments to view materials can be scheduled via the appointment request form on the Special Collections and Archives webpage of the library website https://library.rmc.edu/specialcollections"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_ssi":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","_root_":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","_nest_parent_":"viasr_repositories_2_resources_15","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RMC/repositories_2_resources_15.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Boydton Society","title_ssm":["Boydton Society"],"title_tesim":["Boydton Society"],"unitdate_ssm":["1996-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1996/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018"],"text":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018","RMC.00012","Randolph-Macon College--Alumnus","Boydton Society","Collection is open for research; appointments to view materials can be scheduled via the appointment request form on the Special Collections and Archives webpage of the library website https://library.rmc.edu/specialcollections","The pieces of the collection are sorted in regular folders based on the date of the publication and or event and alphabetical. The folders are titled \"Old Grads\" until the name was changed to \"Boydton Society\" in 2007.","From RMC's official website:","\"The Boydton Society consists of Alumni who graduated 50 or more years ago from Randolph-Macon College. New members are inducted each Spring at the Boydton Society Annual Reunion, celebrated during Commencement Weekend with a series of special events.\"","The Boydton Society exists to recognize senior alumni of the College, promote friendships among them, and to foster a close association between them and the College.","Some images and content in these materials depict prejudices not condoned by the College. These materials are presented as documentation of the historical record of the College and broader American history. Randolph-Macon College values a diverse and inclusive community that promotes student learning and transparency.","For users preferring to avoid potentially offensive content, please contact archives@rmc.edu; we are happy to assist in locating specific materials.","Inquiries may be directed to the Special Collections and Archives team by emailing archives@rmc.edu","Papers and mixed materials donated from and relating to the Boydton Society.","Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections \u0026 Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Boydton Society, 1996/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RMC.00012"],"unitid_tesim":["RMC.00012"],"repository_ssm":["Randolph-Macon College"],"repository_ssim":["Randolph-Macon College"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections \u0026 Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College"],"creators_ssim":["Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections \u0026 Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Randolph-Macon College--Alumnus","Boydton Society"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Randolph-Macon College--Alumnus","Boydton Society"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["4.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; appointments to view materials can be scheduled via the appointment request form on the Special Collections and Archives webpage of the library website https://library.rmc.edu/specialcollections\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research; appointments to view materials can be scheduled via the appointment request form on the Special Collections and Archives webpage of the library website https://library.rmc.edu/specialcollections"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe pieces of the collection are sorted in regular folders based on the date of the publication and or event and alphabetical. The folders are titled \"Old Grads\" until the name was changed to \"Boydton Society\" in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The pieces of the collection are sorted in regular folders based on the date of the publication and or event and alphabetical. The folders are titled \"Old Grads\" until the name was changed to \"Boydton Society\" in 2007."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom RMC's official website:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Boydton Society consists of Alumni who graduated 50 or more years ago from Randolph-Macon College. New members are inducted each Spring at the Boydton Society Annual Reunion, celebrated during Commencement Weekend with a series of special events.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Boydton Society exists to recognize senior alumni of the College, promote friendships among them, and to foster a close association between them and the College. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["From RMC's official website:","\"The Boydton Society consists of Alumni who graduated 50 or more years ago from Randolph-Macon College. New members are inducted each Spring at the Boydton Society Annual Reunion, celebrated during Commencement Weekend with a series of special events.\"","The Boydton Society exists to recognize senior alumni of the College, promote friendships among them, and to foster a close association between them and the College."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome images and content in these materials depict prejudices not condoned by the College. These materials are presented as documentation of the historical record of the College and broader American history. Randolph-Macon College values a diverse and inclusive community that promotes student learning and transparency. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor users preferring to avoid potentially offensive content, please contact archives@rmc.edu; we are happy to assist in locating specific materials. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eInquiries may be directed to the Special Collections and Archives team by emailing archives@rmc.edu\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Disclaimer","Contact Information"],"odd_tesim":["Some images and content in these materials depict prejudices not condoned by the College. These materials are presented as documentation of the historical record of the College and broader American history. Randolph-Macon College values a diverse and inclusive community that promotes student learning and transparency.","For users preferring to avoid potentially offensive content, please contact archives@rmc.edu; we are happy to assist in locating specific materials.","Inquiries may be directed to the Special Collections and Archives team by emailing archives@rmc.edu"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification] Collection Name, Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections and Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification] Collection Name, Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections and Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0e549052320e6c02ee0ef5c5d96d5c5f\"\u003ePapers and mixed materials donated from and relating to the Boydton Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers and mixed materials donated from and relating to the Boydton Society."],"corpname_ssim":["Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections \u0026 Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College"],"names_ssim":["Flavia Reed Owen Special Collections \u0026 Archives, McGraw-Page Library, Randolph-Macon College"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":428,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viasr_repositories_2_resources_15_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","parent_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","title_ssm":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\""],"title_tesim":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\""],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015"],"text":["\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\", 1809/2015","Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","Series 1: Research files"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2015"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright collection","title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"text":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017","MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork.","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright collection, 1806/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Richard Wright."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials.","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead.","Wright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","Wright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","He was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member.","Outside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","While living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eResearch notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series retains original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print on board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026amp; 7. Force.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBust sketches of two women discussing laundry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA still life print on board that has been painted over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026amp; Ives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized poster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint on canvas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo rolled posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOmaha World Herald\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Richard Wright collection, compiled by Richard Wright and orginally referred to by Wright as \"The Richard Wright collection of Graphic Images of African Americans,\" focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork.","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria 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