{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=353","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=352","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=354","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=357"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":353,"next_page":354,"prev_page":352,"total_pages":357,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3520,"total_count":3565,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_154","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winborne Family Papers, 1907/1975, bulk 1907/1909","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_154#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Winborne, Roger M., Jr.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_154#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFamily papers include Winborne Jr.'s school papers and notebooks from his years at Washington and Lee University, as well as information about his fraternity, Delta Tau Delta. 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Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. 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(181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. 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(181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_511#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wine family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_511#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_511#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_511.xml","title_ssm":["Wine Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wine Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1885-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001"],"text":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001","SC 0273","/repositories/4/resources/511","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Church history","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Letters (correspondence)","Genealogies (histories)","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Photographs","Ledgers (account books)","Diaries","Newsletters","Minute books","School records","Greeting Cards","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The nature of the auction was such that dissimilar or unrelated materials were bundled together in single lots. As such, these otherwise random materials were weeded and discarded. A large collection of newspaper clippings, comprised primarily of political cartoons, were also discarded. A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1: Personal Papers is arranged into subseries by creator and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 through 4 are arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement scheme were made in order to group like materials together and as a result chronological arrangements are approximate.","Personal Papers, 1885-1977\n      Photographs, 1897-1986\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1998\n      Genealogical materials, 1892-2001","Wine, Jacob David. The Wine Family in America. First Section. Forestville, Va., 1952.","Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.","Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.","Jesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International.","Selected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded.","Wine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection.","Numerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe nature of the auction was such that dissimilar or unrelated materials were bundled together in single lots. As such, these otherwise random materials were weeded and discarded. A large collection of newspaper clippings, comprised primarily of political cartoons, were also discarded. A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["The nature of the auction was such that dissimilar or unrelated materials were bundled together in single lots. As such, these otherwise random materials were weeded and discarded. A large collection of newspaper clippings, comprised primarily of political cartoons, were also discarded. A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 1: Personal Papers is arranged into subseries by creator and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 through 4 are arranged chronologically. 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Exceptions to this arrangement scheme were made in order to group like materials together and as a result chronological arrangements are approximate.","Personal Papers, 1885-1977\n      Photographs, 1897-1986\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1998\n      Genealogical materials, 1892-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWine, Jacob David. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wine Family in America. First Section\u003c/emph\u003e. Forestville, Va., 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wine, Jacob David. The Wine Family in America. First Section. Forestville, Va., 1952."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.","Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.","Jesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, SC 0273, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, SC 0273, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Selected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNumerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Numerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68350217315544cb8f516868d3ba22f5\"\u003eThe Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Wine family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc.","Wine family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:07.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_511","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_511.xml","title_ssm":["Wine Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wine Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1885-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001"],"text":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001","SC 0273","/repositories/4/resources/511","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Church history","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Letters (correspondence)","Genealogies (histories)","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Photographs","Ledgers (account books)","Diaries","Newsletters","Minute books","School records","Greeting Cards","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The nature of the auction was such that dissimilar or unrelated materials were bundled together in single lots. As such, these otherwise random materials were weeded and discarded. A large collection of newspaper clippings, comprised primarily of political cartoons, were also discarded. A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1: Personal Papers is arranged into subseries by creator and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 through 4 are arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement scheme were made in order to group like materials together and as a result chronological arrangements are approximate.","Personal Papers, 1885-1977\n      Photographs, 1897-1986\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1998\n      Genealogical materials, 1892-2001","Wine, Jacob David. The Wine Family in America. First Section. Forestville, Va., 1952.","Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.","Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.","Jesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International.","Selected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded.","Wine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection.","Numerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc.","Wine family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Wine Family Papers, 1885/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0273","/repositories/4/resources/511"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0273","/repositories/4/resources/511"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Church history","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Church history","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Church history","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Wine family","Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Wine family","Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wine family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc.","Wine family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Laughlin Auctions, Inc.'s October 14, 2017 sale of the personal property from the home of Naomi Zirkle Wine of Woodstock, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Genealogies (histories)","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Photographs","Ledgers (account books)","Diaries","Newsletters","Minute books","School records","Greeting Cards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Genealogies (histories)","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Photographs","Ledgers (account books)","Diaries","Newsletters","Minute books","School records","Greeting Cards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.18 cubic feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5.18 cubic feet 13 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Genealogies (histories)","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Photographs","Ledgers (account books)","Diaries","Newsletters","Minute books","School records","Greeting Cards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. 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A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["The nature of the auction was such that dissimilar or unrelated materials were bundled together in single lots. As such, these otherwise random materials were weeded and discarded. A large collection of newspaper clippings, comprised primarily of political cartoons, were also discarded. A representative sample of life insurance brochures and pamphlets were retained; duplicates were discarded."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 1: Personal Papers is arranged into subseries by creator and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 through 4 are arranged chronologically. 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Exceptions to this arrangement scheme were made in order to group like materials together and as a result chronological arrangements are approximate.","Personal Papers, 1885-1977\n      Photographs, 1897-1986\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1998\n      Genealogical materials, 1892-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWine, Jacob David. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wine Family in America. First Section\u003c/emph\u003e. Forestville, Va., 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wine, Jacob David. The Wine Family in America. First Section. Forestville, Va., 1952."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine (1855-1923) lived with his wife, Rebecca Good Wine (1855-1933), and their children on his family's ancestral Forestville, Virginia farm. D. P. Wine was a farmer and served as a minister and elder in the Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. Jacob David Wine and John Eugene Wine acted as executors to their father's estate after his death in 1923. Financial materials in the collection document their activities in settling the estate.","Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine (1881-1968), the eldest child of D. P. Wine and Rebecca Good Wine, attended Bridgewater College and married Kitty Sipe Huffman (1880-1947). He pursued his interests in Sunday school and church work, particularly with local Brethren churches and his home church – Flat Rock Church of the Brethren. J. D. was active in community and civic affairs including schools, roads, temperance, and local government. J. D. Wine, along with his father D. P. Wine, was a member of the Shenandoah County Anti-Saloon League. He also researched and published on local history and genealogy.","Jesse Clayton \"J. C\" Wine (1915-2016) was born to J. D. Wine and Kitty Sipe Huffman Wine of Forestville, Virginia. J.C. Wine married Naomi Catherine Zirkle (b. 1917) on September 4, 1943. During World War II, J. C. served as a civilian tailor at Fort Belvoir in the tailor shop and dry cleaners, later becoming its manager. He went on to sell insurance for the Union Life Insurance Company (ULICO) for more than three decades and retired in 1975. Outside of his professional pursuits, J. C. was an accomplished and talented cane maker and served his community as a charter member of the Woodstock Rescue Squad and as a member of the Woodstock United Methodist Church. During at least the early 1950s, J. C. Wine also served as the treasurer of the Mt. Jackson Methodist Charge which was comprised of the Mt. Jackson, Quicksburg, and Mt. Clifton churches. He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge and Shriners International."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, SC 0273, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, SC 0273, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Selected loose materials were removed from ledgers and other bound volumes and retained in separate folders. Photographs were removed from frames which were subsequently discarded."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wine Family. Papers, 1899-1943. Accession 42353, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document the personal and business activities of three generations of the Wine family of Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life. Daniel P. \"D. P.\" Wine, Jacob David \"J. D.\" Wine, and Jesse Clayton \"J. C.\" Wine are the predominant creators of the records present in this collection."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNumerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Numerous books and publications were pulled from the collection, cataloged individually, and added to Special Collections' rare book holdings. A series of Virginia maps were also separated and cataloged."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68350217315544cb8f516868d3ba22f5\"\u003eThe Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wine Family Papers, 1885-2001, document three generations of the Wine family from Shenandoah County, Virginia. Their participation in civic engagement and community activities is documented through Sunday school minute books, ledgers, and diaries. The collection also comprises photographs, scrapbooks, postcards, and school materials documenting aspects of daily life."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Laughlin Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Wine family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Laughlin Auctions, Inc.","Wine family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:07.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_511"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9825#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePhotos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9825#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9825.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wingfield-Britton family papers","title_ssm":["Wingfield-Britton family papers"],"title_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"text":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983","MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Photos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.17 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.17 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":28,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:53:26.715Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9825","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9825.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wingfield-Britton family papers","title_ssm":["Wingfield-Britton family papers"],"title_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"text":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983","MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Photos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, 1857/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00365","/repositories/2/resources/9825"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy","Personal health","World War, 1939-1945","American Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.17 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.17 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Wingfield-Britton family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photos, letters, a diary, an account book, and an album belonging to members of the Wingfield-Britton family. The collection ranges from pre-civil war to the 1980s, with the bulk of the material dated around the early 1900s. The correspondence covers a number of topics including health and family life, farming, and travel in the north-western valley region of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":28,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:53:26.715Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9825"}},{"id":"vifgm_hatch","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hatch#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hatch, Winslow","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hatch#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hatch#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_hatch","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hatch","_root_":"vifgm_hatch","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hatch","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/hatch.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hatch.html","title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"text":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","C0099","Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","Documents in this collection are arranged by subject:","Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n        Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)","Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff.","Special Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history.","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hatch, Winslow","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"collection_ssim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0099"],"unitid_tesim":["C0099"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow","George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. Hatch, 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this collection are arranged by subject:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents in this collection are arranged by subject:","Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n        Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch papers collection, C0099, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers collection, C0099, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials note"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hatch, Winslow"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:03.374Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_hatch","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hatch","_root_":"vifgm_hatch","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hatch","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/hatch.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hatch.html","title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"text":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","C0099","Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","Documents in this collection are arranged by subject:","Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n        Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)","Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff.","Special Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history.","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hatch, Winslow","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"collection_ssim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0099"],"unitid_tesim":["C0099"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow","George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. Hatch, 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher.","Transportation, Automotive--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this collection are arranged by subject:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents in this collection are arranged by subject:","Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n        Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelors degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as \"Approach to Independent Study\" and \"Effectiveness in Teaching,\" both published 1960 by U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1965 and 1960 respectively. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton, Massachusetts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch papers collection, C0099, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers collection, C0099, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials note"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds collections on Northern Virginia and regional history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Winslow Roper Hatch papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hatch, Winslow"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:03.374Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hatch"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_169.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Winslow Roper Hatch papers","title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1958-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1958-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"text":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","C0099","/repositories/2/resources/169","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher","There are no access restrictions.","Documents in this collection are arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)","Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia.","The Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dita Keith Hatch, wife of Winslow Roper Hatch, in 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this collection are arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents in this collection are arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch papers, C0099, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, C0099, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_53027b6d2ab01a54367727ba6c67c099\"\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_169.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Winslow Roper Hatch papers","title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1958-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1958-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"text":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979","C0099","/repositories/2/resources/169","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher","There are no access restrictions.","Documents in this collection are arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)","Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia.","The Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"collection_ssim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, 1958/1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0099","/repositories/2/resources/169"],"unitid_tesim":["C0099","/repositories/2/resources/169"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"creator_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dita Keith Hatch, wife of Winslow Roper Hatch, in 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transportation -- United States","Education, Higher"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this collection are arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents in this collection are arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Education, circa 1958-1970 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Parkland and Roads, circa 1958-1970 (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch was born 1908 in Lexington Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1934 from Johns Hopkins University where he was appointed a student assistant for Botany classes. After leaving Johns Hopkins, Hatch served as professor and associate dean at the State College of Washington and in 1955 became Dean of the College of General Education at Boston University. In the 1960s Dr. Hatch worked for the U.S Office of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Hatch wrote extensively on education throughout his career publishing works such as Approach to Independent Study, published 1965 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, and Effectiveness in teaching, published 1960 by U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Dr. Hatch passed away in 1980 in Princeton Massachusetts."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinslow Roper Hatch papers, C0099, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Winslow Roper Hatch papers, C0099, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds multiple collections on the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch papers contains several essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, written by Hatch and others in his field. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County, Virginia.","Series 1 contains education documents. The majority of the documents date from Hatch's time at the Bureau of Research in Higher Education, and pertain to studies conducted by the bureau. The documents are in varying states of completion including project proposals, literature surveys and working drafts. Included with many of the documents is correspondence relating to the content of the documents, the status of the projects and discussion of previously published material.","Series 2 contains documents relating to parks and old roads in the Fairfax, Virginia, area. Documents in Series 2 include letters relating to the preservation of parkland authored by concerned citizens and correspondence detailing Dr. Hatch's own involvement in researching national parkland. Other documents provide information on trails in Fairfax county parkland and information on the benefits of studying old roads. Also included are documents detailing the historic significance of the areas of Fairfax County parklands."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_53027b6d2ab01a54367727ba6c67c099\"\u003eThe Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Winslow Roper Hatch collection contains essays, letters, and publications on primary, secondary, and post-secondary education, several of which were written by Hatch. The collection also includes papers on parks and old roads in Fairfax County."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hatch, Winslow Roper, 1908-1980"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_169"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wise family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cem\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/em\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_336.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/resources/336","title_ssm":["Wise Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Wise Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"text":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.","Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.","The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.","The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.","The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_ssim":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"creators_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hiram Joseph Wise III donated the family Bible and the materials in this collection in October, 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_204aaa3ff3cff3c99dc51c5db12d0f3d\"\u003eThe Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:07.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_336","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_336.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/resources/336","title_ssm":["Wise Family collection"],"title_tesim":["Wise Family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-circa 2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"text":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012","SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.","Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.","The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.","The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.","The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"collection_ssim":["Wise Family collection, 1787/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0001","/repositories/4/resources/336"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_ssim":["Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"creators_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hiram Joseph Wise III donated the family Bible and the materials in this collection in October, 2014."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged topically in 3 folders. There is no series arrangement."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wise, Harvey W. IV, From the Rhineland to the Promised Land of the Shenandoah, Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishers, 2009."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wise family were settlers of German and Swiss descent who came to Rockingham County, Virginia in the eighteenth century. Originally spelled as Weiss, the name has had several different spellings, including Weis, Wiss, and Wise. Adam Wise I, 1761-1839, moved from his parent's home in Moorefield, Virginia (what is now West Virginia) to near the current town of Bridgewater, Virginia around 1782 and is documented as owning land in Staunton and Harrisonburg, Virginia during his lifetime. In the late 1790s he built a limestone farmhouse that still stands today. The area around the home was and is still known as Wise Hollow. The Wise family home in pictured in this collection was built around the time of the Civil War by Samuel Wise and Catherine Evers Wise in the Wise Hollow area. Generations of Wise family lived in the home and worked on the farm, raising cattle, hogs, and horses. St. Michael's Church, located across the dirt lane from the family home, was originally a German Reformed Church, and existed as early as the 1790s. The church was at one point known as Wise's Meeting House, and one acre of land for the church and cemetery was officially deeded by Adam Wise I in 1828.","See genealogical materials in this collection for additional information on the family home and individual members of the Wise family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Wise Family Collection, 1787-2012, SC 0001, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection accompany the Wise Family Bible, a 1788 German Bible passed down to the youngest son in the Wise Family each generation. The Family Record is a two page pamphlet that was kept inserted within the Bible that contains birth, death, and marriage information for members of the Wise family with entries dated from 1787-1852. The Family Record has been removed from the Bible and is housed flat with this collection. Other materials in this collection include genealogical research into the Wise family and their relatives and as well as information about the Wise family home built by Samuel and Catherine Evers Wise, located in Bridgewater, Virginia. Includes a 2012 photograph of the home."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_204aaa3ff3cff3c99dc51c5db12d0f3d\"\u003eThe Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBiblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments\u003c/emph\u003e, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wise Family Collection consists of genealogical records related to the Wise family of Rockingham County, Virginia and information about the Wise family home in Bridgewater, Virginia. The family Bible, Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift dess Alten und Neuen Testaments, has been separated from the collection and cataloged as the Wise Family Bible."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Wise family"],"persname_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wise family","Wise, Hiram Joseph, III"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:07.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_336"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Withers A. Burress papers, 1942/1971","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Burress, Withers A. (Withers Alexander), 1894-1977","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Withers A. Burress papers consist of papers that document Burress' United States Army career for the period from 1942 to 1954. Included are photos, a subject file on the 100th Infantry Division, scrapbooks, correspondence, orders, and memos. Other items include retirement correspondence (dated 1957-1971).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_142","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_142.xml","title_ssm":["Withers A. Burress papers"],"title_tesim":["Withers A. Burress papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Withers A. Burress papers, 1942/1971"],"text":["Withers A. Burress papers, 1942/1971","MS.0058","/repositories/3/resources/142","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. 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The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and stacks oversized shelf","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Burress, Withers A. (Withers Alexander), 1894-1977","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Withers A. Burress papers, 1942/1971"],"collection_ssim":["Withers A. Burress papers, 1942/1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0058","/repositories/3/resources/142"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0058","/repositories/3/resources/142"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Burress, Withers A. (Withers Alexander), 1894-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Burress, Withers A. 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(William David), 1928-2014","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_555.xml","title_ssm":["WLR Foods records"],"title_tesim":["WLR Foods records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1948-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"text":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002","SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555","Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports","Collection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The records are arranged into the following series:","Stock Activities, 1976-2000\n      Meetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\n      Financial Reports, 1955-2000\n      Publications, 1979-2002\n      Acquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\n      Announcements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\n      Audit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\n      Various Documents, 1987-1996\n      Correspondence, 1988-1991","Chintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.","Fife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.","Whiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998.","WLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.","Wampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities.","During World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.","The Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.","In 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.","In 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.","Following the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry.","The digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:","Wampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)","The creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc.","The current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown.","The files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi.","Wampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Elizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc.","Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"collection_ssim":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Compact discs comprising digital scnas were donated by William D. Wampler to Special Collections in February 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.8 Gigabytes 645 digital files","0.06 cubic feet 7 CDs"],"extent_tesim":["4.8 Gigabytes 645 digital files","0.06 cubic feet 7 CDs"],"genreform_ssim":["Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eStock Activities, 1976-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMeetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Reports, 1955-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1979-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAcquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAnnouncements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAudit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eVarious Documents, 1987-1996\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1988-1991\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are arranged into the following series:","Stock Activities, 1976-2000\n      Meetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\n      Financial Reports, 1955-2000\n      Publications, 1979-2002\n      Acquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\n      Announcements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\n      Audit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\n      Various Documents, 1987-1996\n      Correspondence, 1988-1991"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eChintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eWhiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Chintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.","Fife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.","Whiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["WLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.","Wampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities.","During World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.","The Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.","In 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.","In 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.","Following the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:","Wampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)","The creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Elizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b3909846f599e75f22048117bfa7b2f6\"\u003eThis digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc.","Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":651,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:23.857Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_555.xml","title_ssm":["WLR Foods records"],"title_tesim":["WLR Foods records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1948-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"text":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002","SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555","Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports","Collection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The records are arranged into the following series:","Stock Activities, 1976-2000\n      Meetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\n      Financial Reports, 1955-2000\n      Publications, 1979-2002\n      Acquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\n      Announcements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\n      Audit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\n      Various Documents, 1987-1996\n      Correspondence, 1988-1991","Chintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.","Fife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.","Whiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998.","WLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.","Wampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities.","During World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.","The Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.","In 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.","In 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.","Following the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry.","The digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:","Wampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)","The creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc.","The current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown.","The files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi.","Wampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Elizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc.","Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"collection_ssim":["WLR Foods records, 1948/2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0112","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Compact discs comprising digital scnas were donated by William D. Wampler to Special Collections in February 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Processing","Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.8 Gigabytes 645 digital files","0.06 cubic feet 7 CDs"],"extent_tesim":["4.8 Gigabytes 645 digital files","0.06 cubic feet 7 CDs"],"genreform_ssim":["Digital images","Administrative records","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative reports"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must request access to the digital files in this collection in advance and via a computer station in the Special Collections reading room.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eStock Activities, 1976-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMeetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Reports, 1955-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1979-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAcquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAnnouncements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAudit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eVarious Documents, 1987-1996\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1988-1991\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are arranged into the following series:","Stock Activities, 1976-2000\n      Meetings and Minutes, 1970-2001\n      Financial Reports, 1955-2000\n      Publications, 1979-2002\n      Acquisitions, Mergers, and Takeovers, 1984-2000\n      Announcements, Memos, and News, 1987-2000\n      Audit and Examination Reports, 1948-1978\n      Various Documents, 1987-1996\n      Correspondence, 1988-1991"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eChintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eWhiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Chintala, David Michael. Correlation between export sales and stock price. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1997.","Fife, Tom. Activity-based costing systems and their applications in the poultry industry. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1993.","Whiteley, Laura E., \"WLR Foods, Inc.\" In International Directory of Company Histories Vol. 21, 1998, edited by Tina Grant, and Jay P. Pederson, 534-536. Detroit: St. James Press, 1998."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["WLR Foods is a hybrid of three Shenandoah Valley operations. The W and L in the name are for the Wampler and Longacre families; the R is for Rockingham County Poultry Cooperative. WLR Foods first incorporated in 1986 and created a holistic and self-sufficient poultry company that was capable of controlling all aspects of poultry production, from the egg to the local market. WLR Foods combined hatcheries and farms, feed storage and mills, processing and dressing plants, and distribution under one corporate umbrella. This proved to be a winning combination for the Virginia based company; at the height of its success in 1996, WLR Foods sales reached almost one billion dollars and employed over eight thousand workers. The success achieved by WLR Foods was predicated on three distinct companies that merged in 1986: Wampler Foods, Longacre Farms, and Rockingham Poultry Cooperative.","Wampler Foods began in 1927 with the founding of Wampler Feed and Seed Company. Wampler Feed was the first turkey feed company to contract directly with farms to grow poultry. Under the direction of founder, Charles W. Wampler Sr., Wampler Feed and Seed flourished during the 1930's, 40's and 50's. Wampler Feed revolutionized the poultry industry by pioneering the use of incubators to hatch turkeys and early adoption of cooped turkey growing. Upon the retirement of Charles Wampler Sr., his son, Charles Wampler Jr., took over as manager of Wampler Feed and Seed. In 1969, Wampler Jr. working with Herman Mason joined Wampler Feed with Virginia Valley Processing to create Wampler Foods. The merger brought poultry operations in hatcheries, feeding, growers, and limited processing together into one corporation. Further expansion of processing and increased distribution capabilities fueled the search for subsequent merger opportunities.","During World War II, the American labor force began to diminish. This shortage had a great effect on the agricultural community as farmers and farm workers left to join the war. By 1943, the labor shortage forced Congress to allow draft deferments for farmers and hired men. Horace W. Longacre, a passive Mennonite, sought to serve but not to fight. He considered farm draft deferment a peaceable alternative. In order to qualify for the deferment, Longacre bought 84 acres of farmland in Quakertown, Pennsylvania in 1944 and began selling eggs and vegetables. He soon moved exclusively into poultry operations, processing, and dressing chickens. By 1948, Longacre expanded his business into Virginia and was working with Herman Mason as a feed supplier. Eventually, he moved away from poultry feed and focused entirely on processing. At the peak of his success, Longacre employed over 700 people and continued to further capabilities in dressing and distribution. It was under these circumstances that Longacre's business became an attractive merger option for Wampler who was seeking to expand in processing. By 1984, the merger was complete and Wampler-Longacre was formed.","The Wampler-Longacre merger set the stage for a new acquisition; in 1986, Wampler-Longacre acquired Rockingham Poultry Cooperative which expanded Wampler-Longacre into chicken production and also set the stage for the formation of WLR Foods Incorporated.","In 1988, WLR Foods hired fortuitously James Keeler as CEO and retained Charles Wampler Jr. as Chairman of the Board. During a hostile takeover attempt by Tyson Foods in 1994, Keeler proved to be a valuable leader in stopping Tyson. The company also went public that year with stock selling on NASDAQ. By the early 1990's, WLR was packaging poultry into 250 different product lines from hotdogs to burgers. Throughout the 1990's, WLR Foods continued to expand. In 1990, Golden Acre Foods was acquired along with Cassco Corporation, an ice and cold storage operation. In 1992, Round Hill Foods and the Southern Ice Company were purchased. In 1993, WLR acquired Commonwealth Ice Company and the Beverley Company.","In 1994, Fortune Magazine had listed the company prestigiously in the top 500 companies in the nation. That same year, WLR Foods recorded sales over 700 million and attracted the attention of Tyson Foods Incorporated which attempted a hostile takeover by offering shareholders $30.00 per share which was well above the fair market value at the time. James Keeler, a former lawyer, aggressively fought Tyson Foods by rallying shareholders and using loopholes in Virginia law to prevent a payout from Tyson.","Following the takeover attempt, WLR Foods continued to be a successful leader in the poultry industry and acquired Cuddy Farms Incorporated which strengthened its turkey production and processing operations. However, by 2000 WLR Foods was on the decline with stock shares dropping to $4.59. Pilgrim's Pride Corporation bought and absorbed WLR Foods thus ending the corporation's fourteen-year dominance of the industry."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The digital collection was originally divided into seven compact discs titled:","Wampler Foods Historical Records (Scans created between May through November 2005)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1 (Scans created between October 25 through November 06 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 2 (Scans created between June 07 through November 13 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 3 (Scans created between June 15 through July 17 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 4 (Scans created between June 16 through September 14 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 5 (Scans created between September 14 through October 19 2007)","Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 6 (Scans created between October 19 through October 24 2007)","The creator or commissioner of the scans is unknown. In December 2007 the discs were reviewed and appraised by Jeffrey Evans, then President of the Green Valley Auctions, Inc. In February 2008 William Wampler donated the collection of compact discs to Special Collections. After initial review it was discovered the \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was blank. That same month Mr. Wampler was notified of the error and the  \"Wampler-Longacre Scans, Disc 1\" was replaced with a working disc."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The current state of ownership of the original/physical material used to create the digital scans is unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The files on Disc 1 through 6 were created using a HP PSC 5100 at 200 dpi.  The files on disc \"Wampler Foods Historical Records\" were scanned at 150 dpi."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wampler Business Records, 1916-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Elizabeth \"Libby\" Custer Papers, ca.1930s-1997, SC 0077, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The WLR Foods records, 1948-2002, consists of over 5,000 scanned digital images. The bulk of the collection is comprised of documents pertaining to WLR Foods Incorporated. The remaining documents relate to Wampler Feed and Seed Company and Wampler Foods and are pre-1984 in date. The 645 PDF documents that make up the collection have been arranged by similar topic into nine series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b3909846f599e75f22048117bfa7b2f6\"\u003eThis digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This digital collection contains over 5,000 scanned images representing 645 documents that pertain to the business endeavors, acquisitions, and publications of WLR Foods Incorporated."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","WLR Foods, Inc.","Wampler, William D. (William David), 1928-2014"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":651,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:23.857Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_555"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts, 1938/2010","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Washington and Lee University radio station, WLUR 91.5, from its creation in 1967-68 to present. This record group is composed primarily of recordings from the radio station. Included among the tapes are earlier recordings from the Washington and Lee Journalism Dept. predating the founding of the radio station. The station was originally created as an arm of the Journalism Dept. It is now a branch of the Communications and Public Affairs Office. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1064","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1064.xml","title_filing_ssi":"WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts","title_ssm":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts"],"title_tesim":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1938-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1938-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts, 1938/2010"],"text":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts, 1938/2010","WLU.RG.50","/repositories/5/resources/1064","College radio stations","The collection is open for research use.","Records of the Washington and Lee University radio station, WLUR 91.5, from its creation in 1967-68 to present. This record group is composed primarily of recordings from the radio station. Included among the tapes are earlier recordings from the Washington and Lee Journalism Dept. predating the founding of the radio station. The station was originally created as an arm of the Journalism Dept. It is now a branch of the Communications and Public Affairs Office.","Please contact Special Collections and Archives staff for an inventory list of the recordings.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)","Kaleidoscope. WLUR Radio Show  (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Troubadours. W\u0026L Theater Group (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Gallimaufry. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Washington and Lee University. Bookstore","Empire City 6","Washington and Lee University. Fancy Dress Ball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Football","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Volleyball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Soccer","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Basketball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Baseball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Lacrosse","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","Equal Time. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Field Hockey","House Mountain Radio","Southern Pride Bluegrass","She Speaks. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Political Darwinism. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Colonnade Club","Radio IE. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","High School Hoops . WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","Rockbridge Rapids","Headsets. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","Flournoy, Fitzgerald","Jennings, John K.","Ray, George Washington, III","Gordon, Albert Claude","Kahn, Lee","Pellicciaro, Mario","Youngblood, Robert Billington","Rushing, Jane","Pusey, William W., III (William Webb)","Pinney, Edward Lee","Letcher, John S. (John Seymour)","Turner, Charles W. (Charles Wilson)","Imholt, Robert Joseph","Letcher, John","Stuart, Dabney","Baker, Don","Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin)","Bernstein, Leonard, 1918-1990","Brubeck, Dave (1920-12-06-2012-12-05)","Wen-Chung, Chou","Stewart, Robert","Brenner, Bob","Twardy, Jeff","Farrar, James D., Jr.","Chase, Doug","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts, 1938/2010"],"collection_ssim":["WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts, 1938/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.50","/repositories/5/resources/1064"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.50","/repositories/5/resources/1064"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Flournoy, Fitzgerald","Jennings, John K.","Ray, George Washington, III","Gordon, Albert Claude","Kahn, Lee","Pellicciaro, Mario","Youngblood, Robert Billington","Rushing, Jane","Pusey, William W., III (William Webb)","Pinney, Edward Lee","Letcher, John S. (John Seymour)","Turner, Charles W. (Charles Wilson)","Imholt, Robert Joseph","Letcher, John","Stuart, Dabney","Baker, Don","Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin)","Bernstein, Leonard, 1918-1990","Brubeck, Dave (1920-12-06-2012-12-05)","Wen-Chung, Chou","Stewart, Robert","Brenner, Bob","Twardy, Jeff","Farrar, James D., Jr.","Chase, Doug"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)","Kaleidoscope. WLUR Radio Show  (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Troubadours. W\u0026L Theater Group (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Gallimaufry. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Washington and Lee University. Bookstore","Empire City 6","Washington and Lee University. Fancy Dress Ball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Football","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Volleyball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Soccer","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Basketball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Baseball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Lacrosse","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","Equal Time. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Field Hockey","House Mountain Radio","Southern Pride Bluegrass","She Speaks. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Political Darwinism. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Colonnade Club","Radio IE. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","High School Hoops . WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","Rockbridge Rapids","Headsets. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)"],"creators_ssim":["Flournoy, Fitzgerald","Jennings, John K.","Ray, George Washington, III","Gordon, Albert Claude","Kahn, Lee","Pellicciaro, Mario","Youngblood, Robert Billington","Rushing, Jane","Pusey, William W., III (William Webb)","Pinney, Edward Lee","Letcher, John S. (John Seymour)","Turner, Charles W. (Charles Wilson)","Imholt, Robert Joseph","Letcher, John","Stuart, Dabney","Baker, Don","Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin)","Bernstein, Leonard, 1918-1990","Brubeck, Dave (1920-12-06-2012-12-05)","Wen-Chung, Chou","Stewart, Robert","Brenner, Bob","Twardy, Jeff","Farrar, James D., Jr.","Chase, Doug","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","WLUR (Radio Station : Lexington, Va.)","Kaleidoscope. WLUR Radio Show  (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Troubadours. W\u0026L Theater Group (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Gallimaufry. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA  )","Washington and Lee University. Bookstore","Empire City 6","Washington and Lee University. Fancy Dress Ball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Football","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Volleyball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Soccer","Washington and Lee University, Department of Athletics, Basketball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Baseball","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Lacrosse","Washington and Lee University. Mock Convention","Habitat for Humanity, inc.","Equal Time. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Department of Athletics. Field Hockey","House Mountain Radio","Southern Pride Bluegrass","She Speaks. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Political Darwinism. Washington and Lee University Radio Program","Washington and Lee University. Colonnade Club","Radio IE. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","High School Hoops . WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)","Rockbridge Rapids","Headsets. WLUR Radio Show (Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College radio stations"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College radio stations"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet Official recordings from the radio station on reel-to-reel tapes and CDs.","528 Reels"],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet Official recordings from the radio station on reel-to-reel tapes and CDs.","528 Reels"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts (RG 50), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], WLUR Recordings and Broadcasts (RG 50), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Washington and Lee University radio station, WLUR 91.5, from its creation in 1967-68 to present. This record group is composed primarily of recordings from the radio station. Included among the tapes are earlier recordings from the Washington and Lee Journalism Dept. predating the founding of the radio station. The station was originally created as an arm of the Journalism Dept. It is now a branch of the Communications and Public Affairs Office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and Archives staff for an inventory list of the recordings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the Washington and Lee University radio station, WLUR 91.5, from its creation in 1967-68 to present. This record group is composed primarily of recordings from the radio station. Included among the tapes are earlier recordings from the Washington and Lee Journalism Dept. predating the founding of the radio station. The station was originally created as an arm of the Journalism Dept. It is now a branch of the Communications and Public Affairs Office.","Please contact Special Collections and Archives staff for an inventory list of the recordings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. 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