{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1963\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+--+Politics+and+government+--+20th+century.","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1963\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+--+Politics+and+government+--+20th+century.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_135","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_135","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_135.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Townes, Clarence L., papers","title_ssm":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988"],"text":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988","M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations","African Americans -- Virginia -- Richmond","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Richmond.","African Americans -- Politics and government -- Virginia","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Richmond","This collection is open for research.","Materials have been separated into six series and arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work, 1961-1972","Series 2: Republican Party, 1948-1972","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1970-1987","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance, 1982-1987","Series 5: Publications, 1961-1973","Series 6: Ephemera and Photographs, 1940s-1970s","Clarence Lee Townes, Jr., was a businessman, political activist, and a significant contributor to the revitalization of Richmond, Virginia, spending much of his life working to broaden and increase economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the state. Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there.","Townes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process.","Townes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs.","Townes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.","In the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017","The collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Series 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items.","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s.","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.","Series 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations.","Series 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)","Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"unitid_tesim":["M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Clarence L. 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Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarence Lee Townes, Jr., was a businessman, political activist, and a significant contributor to the revitalization of Richmond, Virginia, spending much of his life working to broaden and increase economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the state. Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there.","Townes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process.","Townes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs.","Townes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.","In the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Clarence L. Townes, Jr. Papers, M 293, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Clarence L. Townes, Jr. Papers, M 293, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Series 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items.","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s.","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.","Series 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations.","Series 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)","Townes, Clarence L. 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Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988","M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations","African Americans -- Virginia -- Richmond","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Richmond.","African Americans -- Politics and government -- Virginia","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Richmond","This collection is open for research.","Materials have been separated into six series and arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work, 1961-1972","Series 2: Republican Party, 1948-1972","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1970-1987","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance, 1982-1987","Series 5: Publications, 1961-1973","Series 6: Ephemera and Photographs, 1940s-1970s","Clarence Lee Townes, Jr., was a businessman, political activist, and a significant contributor to the revitalization of Richmond, Virginia, spending much of his life working to broaden and increase economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the state. Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there.","Townes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process.","Townes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs.","Townes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.","In the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017","The collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Series 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items.","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s.","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.","Series 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations.","Series 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)","Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence L. Townes, Jr. papers, 1944/1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"unitid_tesim":["M 293","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Richmond (Va.) -- Race relations"],"creator_ssm":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift to Special Collections and Archives from Clarence L. Townes, Jr. in 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia -- Richmond","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Richmond.","African Americans -- Politics and government -- Virginia","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia -- Richmond","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Richmond.","African Americans -- Politics and government -- Virginia","Community development, Urban -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.4 Linear Feet 23.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["23.4 Linear Feet 23.4 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials have been separated into six series and arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Business and Civic Work, 1961-1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Republican Party, 1948-1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1970-1987\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Richmond Renaissance, 1982-1987\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications, 1961-1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Ephemera and Photographs, 1940s-1970s\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials have been separated into six series and arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work, 1961-1972","Series 2: Republican Party, 1948-1972","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1970-1987","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance, 1982-1987","Series 5: Publications, 1961-1973","Series 6: Ephemera and Photographs, 1940s-1970s"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClarence Lee Townes, Jr., was a businessman, political activist, and a significant contributor to the revitalization of Richmond, Virginia, spending much of his life working to broaden and increase economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the state. Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTownes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clarence Lee Townes, Jr., was a businessman, political activist, and a significant contributor to the revitalization of Richmond, Virginia, spending much of his life working to broaden and increase economic and political opportunities for African Americans in the state. Townes was born January 1, 1928, to Alice Smith and Clarence L. Townes, Sr. He attended Richmond public schools, graduating from Armstrong High School in 1944. He attended Virginia Union University and graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce. Townes married Grace Elizabeth Harris in 1951, and over their marriage, the couple had four children. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952, he served in Korea, receiving an honorable discharge in 1953. Returning to Richmond, Townes was appointed Assistant Manager of the Richmond office of the Virginia Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, which his father had helped found. In 1964, he became director of training there.","Townes became active in the Republican Party during the late 1950s. Though many African Americans were beginning to turn away from the Republican Party at this time, he served in many roles both in Richmond and at the state level. He started as a member of the Richmond City Republican Committee from 1958-1961 and as a board member of the political action group Richmond Forward. From 1963 through 1966, he served as the commissioner of the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Townes attended the 1964 Republican Convention as the first Black delegate from Virginia in modern times. Upon his return, he ran as the Republican candidate for the Richmond-Henrico seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Although he ultimately lost the election, the race for the seat brought national attention to the south and its treatment of African Americans in the political process.","Townes continued serving in various positions for the Republican Party. He was the Special Assistant to the State Chairman for a year in 1965, and that same year organized and was treasurer of the National Negro Republican Assembly (NNRA). Partially as a result of his work, he became an assistant to the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) from 1966-1970, and then the Director of Minorities from 1967-1970, where he worked to increase Republican ties with minorities. After leaving the RNC in 1970, he helped found the Joint Center for Political Affairs (JCPA), an African American think-tank associated with Howard University. The JCPA assisted newly elected Black officials with the business of government, and Townes served as the Director of Governmental Affairs.","Townes was a founding member of the Jefferson Townhouse Corporation of Richmond, an African American-controlled enterprise that operates a housing complex in the city. In 1970 he joined the Board of Directors of the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond, the oldest African American-controlled bank in the nation. Townes also worked as a consultant on federal programs to Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), and as a consultant to the Virginia Electric and Power Company for equal employment matters. He was also a consultant for the Manpower Administration at the U.S. Department of Labor, where he evaluated the agency's National Office Equal Opportunity Program. After commuting by bus from Richmond to Washington, D.C. for eight years, Townes returned to Richmond and established Metropolitan Coach in 1974. The company was one of Richmond's first African American-owned charter bus lines. It initially faced hardships, including lawsuits and investigations, but the business was ultimately successful.","In the 1980s, Townes chaired Richmond Renaissance, a non-profit, biracial corporation that fostered economic development in downtown Richmond. Townes served as the deputy director from 1982-1991 when he was appointed director. He continued his active engagement in the community into the 1990s through his early investment in the Richmond Free Press in 1992, and serving as head of the Richmond School Board, and as a board member of the VCU Board of Visitors, VCU Real Estate Foundation, and The Valentine Museum. He died on January 11, 2017"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/Folder, Clarence L. Townes, Jr. Papers, M 293, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/Folder, Clarence L. Townes, Jr. Papers, M 293, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, notes, newspaper and journal clippings, organizational minutes, reports and files, speech drafts, manuscripts and published materials dating from 1944 through 1988. The bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, focusing on Townes' interest in and involvement with issues concerning race, politics, and the revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia. The collection also includes a significant amount of material on the role of African American members of  the Virginia Republican Party during the 1960s and in the National Republican Party during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","Series 1: Business and Civic Work contains materials documenting Townes' numerous entrepreneurial and civic activities, mostly dating from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Series 2: Republican Party Materials contains the bulk of the collection and concerns the Virginia Republican Party (1963-1966) and the Republican National Committee (1966-1972). Correspondence, reports and publications, material from Townes' race for the Virginia General Assembly and his work with the National Negro Republican Assembly (1964-1966) are included in this series, in addition to various Republican  Party-related items.","Series 3: Joint Center for Political Studies consists of records from Townes' work with the Joint Center for Political Studies, dating from the early 1970s.","Series 4: Richmond Renaissance is composed of materials generated by Townes as deputy director in the early years of the Richmond Renaissance. These records focus on projects, particularly Sixth Street Marketplace and the Richmond Metro Visitors Center.","Series 5: Publications contains printed materials collected by Townes, many on urban and minority issues. The majority of the publications were distributed by the Republican Party (late 1960s-early 1970s). There are also publications by the U.S. government, the Joint Center for Political Studies, and publications about business, education, localities, civic organizations and public policy organizations.","Series 6: Photographs and Ephemera comprises ephemeral material, primarily related to the Republican Party, as well as tapes of speeches, business cards, address books, and business calendars. This series also contains photographs of Townes and others, mostly publicity photos taken during his campaign for the General Assembly in 1965 through his days at the Republican National Committee in the late 1960s and early 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Townes, Clarence L. (Clarence Lee), 1928-"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- ) -- Archives","Republican Party (Va.)","Townes, Clarence L. 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Edwards papers, 1941/1977","M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Local government -- Virginia.","Politicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)","Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.","The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"unitid_tesim":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"creators_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. 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Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"persname_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":231,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:57.621Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_110","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_110.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edwards, Horace H., papers","title_ssm":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"title_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977"],"text":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977","M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Local government -- Virginia.","Politicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)","Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.","The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Horace H. Edwards papers, 1941/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"unitid_tesim":["M 246","/repositories/5/resources/110"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"creators_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Department by Mrs. Mary Edwards in November 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Local government -- Virginia.","Politicians -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Local government -- Virginia.","Politicians -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["12.2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged alphabetically within the series. Series I--Personal Information and Legal Cases (1941-1977); Series II--Holt Case (n.d., 1976)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1902 in Isle of Wight, Mr. Edwards began his political career shortly after his graduation from the University of Richmond in 1926 with a degree in law. In 1928 he worked on the presidential campaign of Al Smith. When Smith was defeated, Edwards returned to the practice of law but remained active in politics. In 1933 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. Appointed city attorney in 1938, Edwards held the position for ten years, guiding the city's direct annexation suits against Henrico and Chesterfield counties. In this period, Edwards became an expect on annexation and taxation.Edwards was elected mayor of Richmond in 1946 and served for two years, resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in the 1949 primary. During his unsuccessful campaign, Edwards spoke of more and better schools and better pay for teachers. In 1954 he accepted the position of Richmond City Manager, a capacity in which he served for thirteen years. During his tenure, Richmond began several construction projects. Although Edwards later admitted that he ran his office often without a certain amount of diplomacy, he survived three attempts by the City Council factions to oust him and became one of the city's most durable and effective administrators.Following his resignation as City Manager in 1967, Edwards was named as special counsel for the city in its annexation suit against Chesterfield County. He also continued his work with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues and the law firm of Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore. Mr. Edwards suffered a stroke in 1985 and was hospitalized several times before his death on 27 January 1987.Additional information on Mr. Edwards can be found in the Pinchbeck Series, Good Government Awards 1959 materials of the Richmond First Club Archives, M238."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Horace H. Edwards Papers, M 246, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondences, reports, files and published materials dating from 1941 through 1977. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s through the mid 1970s and focuses on Mr. Edwards activities with the National and Virginia Municipal Leagues, the City of Richmond, the annexation of Chesterfield County."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"persname_ssim":["Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Municipal League","Virginia Municipal League","Edwards, Horace H. (Horace Hall), 1902-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":231,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:57.621Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_110"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_66.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lawler, John Edward, papers","title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"text":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975","John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.","The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"unitid_tesim":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"creators_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal materials, 1924-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFBI materials, 1935-1967\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond materials, 1937-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e Legal Practice, 1944-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_66.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lawler, John Edward, papers","title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"text":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974","M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975","John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.","The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"collection_ssim":["John Edward Lawler papers, 1924/1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"unitid_tesim":["M 148","/repositories/5/resources/66"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"creators_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Espionage, American -- 20th century.","City council members -- Virginia -- Richmond","Lawyers -- Virginia -- Richmond","Insurance -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Law enforcement -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["7.56 Linear Feet 18 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal materials, 1924-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFBI materials, 1935-1967\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond materials, 1937-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e Legal Practice, 1944-1975\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series.","Series 1\n        Personal materials, 1924-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        FBI materials, 1935-1967\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Richmond materials, 1937-1975\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n         Legal Practice, 1944-1975"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Edward Lawler was born 19 May 1908 in Mobile, Alabama to parents Ida Dickens and Matthew Joseph Lawler, Sr. He attended boarding school and college at Spring Hill, a Jesuit school in Mobile. In 1930 he moved to Washington, D.C., and he received law degree in 1935 from Georgetown University. He joined the ranks of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that same year.","As an FBI agent, he received assignments to the Buffalo and Los Angeles field offices in the first few years of his career before returning to Washington in 1937 where he would serve in several different divisions. His work in Washington included the investigation of automobile thefts and kidnappings, as well as intelligence operations. He also recounts in the collection's oral history that, for a time, he was an administrative assistant to J. Edgar Hoover. In 1939, Lawler was appointed Special Agent in Charge of the Richmond field office, but in August of the following year, he was called back to Washington to assist with the organization of the agency's Special Intelligence Service. Lawler was assigned to the Special Agent in Charge post in Richmond once again in 1942, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1950. Lawler and his wife, who met and married in Richmond, had two daughters and two sons before their divorce in the mid-sixties.","Following his retirement from the Bureau, Lawler established a private legal practice and was engaged by the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, as a vice-president and general counsel. At the same time, Lawler also took on work for the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, organizing the Richmond-based Old Dominion Research Company, an entity used by the CIA for agent support and training.","Lawler was also an active member of the Richmond political scene. He served as a member of the Richmond City Council from 1956 to 1960, starting out by filling six months of Ed Haddock's unexpired term and was subsequently elected to two more terms. Other community roles he took on included serving as an alternate director of civil defense and as chairman of the city's Personnel Board, as well as holding seats on law enforcement advisory boards for the city and state. Lawler was also a dedicated member of the city's exclusive Commonwealth Club, particularly in his later years.","On 31 December 1982, Lawler was found dead in his Riverside Drive home at the age of 74. Four young people had broken into Lawler's home, robbed him, and beaten him to death. John Ballard, was found guilty of the murder, and the other three were convicted on related charges."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, John Edward Lawler papers, 1924-1974, Collection # M 148, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of materials created or acquired by John Edward Lawler in the course of his professional life. The papers contain material for potential research in law enforcement, counter-espionage and intelligence, labor relations, law enforcement, and politics of the Richmond area. The papers are particularly rich in the areas of law enforcement and training.","There is a great wealth of material from Lawler's career with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington, D.C. and in Richmond. Materials include FBI office memoranda, printed publications, reports, Lawler's lesson plans, manuals, mimeographed training materials issued by the Milwaukee and Washington, D.C. police departments, clippings, and photographs. The content of these materials reflect Lawler's involvement with Bureau investigative and counter-espionage work, as well as anti-Communist activities, including the surveillance of Richmond resident Alice Burke, state secretary of the Communist party. In the original processing of the collection, an attempt was made not only to establish an easily used subject files but also to maintain what remained of Lawler's original file order in the papers. There are numerous mimeographed and printed documents in the series that were preserved because they were maintained in Lawler's working files and were likely used frequently by him for training purposes. Moreover, it was deemed advisable to maintain the FBI publications for the benefit of researchers unable to travel to Washington, D.C., or to long-term government Depository Libraries.","The collection also includes materials documenting Lawler's life after his retirement from the FBI in 1950. The largest grouping of these materials consists of training materials for Virginia law enforcement as well as several files of materials documenting his active role in Richmond politics, particularly his time as a city council member. There is also a file of materials from the Old Dominion Research Company, a CIA entity that Lawler helped to establish in Richmond in the mid-1950s. Also found in the collection are a number of files concerning Lawler's legal practice, including his work as vice-president and general counsel for the Union Life Insurance Company, later renamed the Interstate Mutual Fire Insurance Company, including a group of materials relating to cases before the National Labor Relations Board against the company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Officials and employees","United States. Central Intelligence Agency -- Officials and employees","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982","Lawler, John Edward, 1908-1982 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:16.668Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_66"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_145","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, 1953/1995","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_145#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thornton, William A.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_145#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes materials collected by Crusade for Voters historian William A. Thornton and William S. Thompson. The date range of the collection, from the early 1950s until 1995, spans the history of the organization. The bulk of the collection was donated in two large binders, the contents of which have been rehoused but maintained in their original order, organized roughly by the terms of Crusade presidents. The binders hold minutes, correspondence, historian's reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, campaign flyers, financial reports, and similar materials, many of which are photocopies. In addition to the binders, the collection also holds a variety of loose material including correspondence, financial records, clippings and newsletters, flyers, awards, photographs, and reports as well as documents pertaining to the organization's history and voting in Richmond, Virginia. Much of this loose material is duplicated in the photocopied contents of the binders.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_145#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_145","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_145","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_145","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_145","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_145.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, 1953/1995"],"text":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, 1953/1995","M 306","/repositories/5/resources/145","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","African Americans -- Politics and government -- Virginia -- Richmond","Voting -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","African Americans -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials donated in binders are arranged in their original order. Other materials are arranged by record type.","The Richmond Crusade for Voters was founded in 1956, and grew out of The Council to Save Public Schools, a Richmond organization formed to fight a January 1956 law which allowed cities in Virginia the option of closing public schools rather than integrating them. The three co-founders of the Crusade were Dr. William S. Thornton, Dr. William Ferguson Reid, and John M. Brooks. These three men founded the Richmond Crusade for Voters with the goal of \"increasing effective black participation in Richmond's political process\" (Nov-Dec 1988 edition of Richmond Surroundings). The Crusade's mission is \"...to increase the voting strength of the population of the city of Richmond and to improve the moral, social, economic, educational and general welfare of our people\" (\"Richmond Free Press,\" January 1, 1994).","The collection includes materials collected by Crusade for Voters historian William A. Thornton and William S. Thompson. The date range of the collection, from the early 1950s until 1995, spans the history of the organization. The bulk of the collection was donated in two large binders, the contents of which have been rehoused but maintained in their original order, organized roughly by the terms of Crusade presidents. The binders hold minutes, correspondence, historian's reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, campaign flyers, financial reports, and similar materials, many of which are photocopies. In addition to the binders, the collection also holds a variety of loose material including correspondence, financial records, clippings and newsletters, flyers, awards, photographs, and reports as well as documents pertaining to the organization's history and voting in Richmond, Virginia. Much of this loose material is duplicated in the photocopied contents of the binders.","A video, on the history of the Crusade from the television news program \"Impact,\" originally accompanied the collection and has been cataloged separately.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Crusade for Voters (Richmond, Va.) -- Archives","Thornton, William A.","Thornton, William S.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, 1953/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Crusade for Voters collection, 1953/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 306","/repositories/5/resources/145"],"unitid_tesim":["M 306","/repositories/5/resources/145"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Thornton, William A.","Thornton, William S."],"creator_ssim":["Thornton, William A.","Thornton, William S."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Thornton, William A.","Thornton, William S."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Crusade for Voters (Richmond, Va.) -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Thornton, William A.","Thornton, William S.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Crusade for Voters (Richmond, Va.) -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials in this collection were donated by Dr. William S. 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