{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1956\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Kentucky\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1956\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Kentucky\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Earl Ray Zinn Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zinn, Earl Ray","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. 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Zinn.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195590","title_ssm":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3040","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1222"],"text":["A\u0026M 3040","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1222","Earl Ray Zinn Papers","Kentucky","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons","Photography","Teachers","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. Zinn worked as a math school teacher and as a census taker in the Fetterman District of Taylor County. He spent the war in training at Camp Knox, West Point, KY in Battery E., 70th. Field Artillery Brigade, and he discusses in the letters the daily activities of his unit. There are also photos in uniform and copies of the military records of Earl Zinn and of his grandfather, Sailor Michael Zinn. Sailor Zinn was a member of the 14th. WV Inf. during the Civil War. He was captured and died in the infamous Confederate prison camp in Georgia of Andersonville. There is also a 19th century photo album and loose pictures of the Steele, Arnett \u0026 Sanders families of Monongalia County who are related to Mrs. Earl R. Zinn.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. 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(3 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["2.1 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Earl Ray Zinn Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3040, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Earl Ray Zinn Papers, A\u0026M 3040, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_359ae84404262509ecb9a63f0df49ff1\"\u003eCorrespondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. Zinn worked as a math school teacher and as a census taker in the Fetterman District of Taylor County. He spent the war in training at Camp Knox, West Point, KY in Battery E., 70th. Field Artillery Brigade, and he discusses in the letters the daily activities of his unit. There are also photos in uniform and copies of the military records of Earl Zinn and of his grandfather, Sailor Michael Zinn. Sailor Zinn was a member of the 14th. WV Inf. during the Civil War. He was captured and died in the infamous Confederate prison camp in Georgia of Andersonville. There is also a 19th century photo album and loose pictures of the Steele, Arnett \u0026amp; Sanders families of Monongalia County who are related to Mrs. Earl R. Zinn.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. Zinn worked as a math school teacher and as a census taker in the Fetterman District of Taylor County. He spent the war in training at Camp Knox, West Point, KY in Battery E., 70th. Field Artillery Brigade, and he discusses in the letters the daily activities of his unit. There are also photos in uniform and copies of the military records of Earl Zinn and of his grandfather, Sailor Michael Zinn. Sailor Zinn was a member of the 14th. WV Inf. during the Civil War. He was captured and died in the infamous Confederate prison camp in Georgia of Andersonville. There is also a 19th century photo album and loose pictures of the Steele, Arnett \u0026 Sanders families of Monongalia County who are related to Mrs. Earl R. Zinn."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b02a412e481d6cf1e6ff81e36bb87bb0\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Army","Zinn, Earl Ray"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Army"],"persname_ssim":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:03:14.935Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195590","title_ssm":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3040","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1222"],"text":["A\u0026M 3040","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1222","Earl Ray Zinn Papers","Kentucky","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons","Photography","Teachers","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. Zinn worked as a math school teacher and as a census taker in the Fetterman District of Taylor County. He spent the war in training at Camp Knox, West Point, KY in Battery E., 70th. Field Artillery Brigade, and he discusses in the letters the daily activities of his unit. There are also photos in uniform and copies of the military records of Earl Zinn and of his grandfather, Sailor Michael Zinn. Sailor Zinn was a member of the 14th. WV Inf. during the Civil War. He was captured and died in the infamous Confederate prison camp in Georgia of Andersonville. There is also a 19th century photo album and loose pictures of the Steele, Arnett \u0026 Sanders families of Monongalia County who are related to Mrs. Earl R. Zinn.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Army","Zinn, Earl Ray","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3040","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Earl Ray Zinn Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Kentucky","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"geogname_ssim":["Kentucky","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"creator_ssm":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"creator_ssim":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"creators_ssim":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"places_ssim":["Kentucky","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography","Teachers","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography","Teachers","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.1 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["2.1 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Earl Ray Zinn Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3040, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Earl Ray Zinn Papers, A\u0026M 3040, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_359ae84404262509ecb9a63f0df49ff1\"\u003eCorrespondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. Zinn worked as a math school teacher and as a census taker in the Fetterman District of Taylor County. He spent the war in training at Camp Knox, West Point, KY in Battery E., 70th. Field Artillery Brigade, and he discusses in the letters the daily activities of his unit. There are also photos in uniform and copies of the military records of Earl Zinn and of his grandfather, Sailor Michael Zinn. Sailor Zinn was a member of the 14th. WV Inf. during the Civil War. He was captured and died in the infamous Confederate prison camp in Georgia of Andersonville. There is also a 19th century photo album and loose pictures of the Steele, Arnett \u0026amp; Sanders families of Monongalia County who are related to Mrs. Earl R. Zinn.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, photos, postcards and memorabilia of a school teacher of White Days Creek and of his wife, Mary Corrothers Zinn. Most of the collection consists of correspondence and photos of Zinn's career in the U. S. Army during World War I. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Army","Zinn, Earl Ray"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Army"],"persname_ssim":["Zinn, Earl Ray"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:03:14.935Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1222"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nathan Ochs Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ochs family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5835.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198913","title_ssm":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1813-1970","1884-1924"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1884-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1813-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2163","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5835"],"text":["A\u0026M 2163","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5835","Nathan Ochs Family Papers","Kentucky","Lexington (Ky.)","Agriculture  ","Genealogy","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ochs family","Ochs family - Genealogy","English \n.    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For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture  ","Genealogy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture  ","Genealogy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f36e35d1bdd686e2e2e8a7bf2b79dfdf\"\u003ePapers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3a62cf097f62e4dc8920073f24f54c47\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:11:47.743Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5835","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5835.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198913","title_ssm":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1813-1970","1884-1924"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1884-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1813-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2163","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5835"],"text":["A\u0026M 2163","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5835","Nathan Ochs Family Papers","Kentucky","Lexington (Ky.)","Agriculture  ","Genealogy","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ochs family","Ochs family - Genealogy","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2163","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5835"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Nathan Ochs Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Kentucky","Lexington (Ky.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Kentucky","Lexington (Ky.)"],"creator_ssm":["Ochs family"],"creator_ssim":["Ochs family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ochs family"],"creators_ssim":["Ochs family"],"places_ssim":["Kentucky","Lexington (Ky.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f36e35d1bdd686e2e2e8a7bf2b79dfdf\"\u003ePapers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. Genealogical records document the history of the family beginning with Nathan Ochs, who was born in Germany in the 1820s. These materials include naturalization papers for Nathan Ochs, genealogical charts for his descendants, and a narrative history of the family written by Shirley A. Ochs Cocke in 1970.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of the Nathan Ochs family of Shelby and Jefferson County, Kentucky, document the family history from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century and chiefly concern his children. Letters from siblings Simon, Nathan Jr., and Sallie Ochs are written from Kentucky to their brother, Charles, in California between 1884 and the early 1900s. Topics chiefly include the weather, their farms (crops, animals, and farm workers), family news, and their mother's illness and death. 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Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union.  \n(2) Adam Getto,  Autobiography , 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania.  \n(3) Miriam Schultz,  Bread Upon the Waters , circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania.  \n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania.  \n(5) Tony Sabo,  Stripped Naked in Public , circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization.  \nMicrofilm contains copies of  Autobiography ,  Stripped Naked in Public , and \"Larry Corcoran.\"","The Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry.","English \n.    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Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Nyden, Paul, 1979/03/21."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal miners","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Union names.","Unions - National Miners Union.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mines and mining --  Kentucky","Coal miners--West Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal miners","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Union names.","Unions - National Miners Union.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mines and mining --  Kentucky","Coal miners--West Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.77 Linear Feet 9 1/4 in. 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Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(2) Adam Getto, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eAutobiography\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(3) Miriam Schultz, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eBread Upon the Waters\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(5) Tony Sabo, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eStripped Naked in Public\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMicrofilm contains copies of \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eAutobiography\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eStripped Naked in Public\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, and \"Larry Corcoran.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Five unpublished manuscripts relating to coal mining, miners, and unions, in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.  (1) Tom Myerscough,  Bloody Hell in Kentucky , circa 1932, a fictionalized account of the National Miners Union strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, in 1931. Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union.  \n(2) Adam Getto,  Autobiography , 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania.  \n(3) Miriam Schultz,  Bread Upon the Waters , circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania.  \n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania.  \n(5) Tony Sabo,  Stripped Naked in Public , circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization.  \nMicrofilm contains copies of  Autobiography ,  Stripped Naked in Public , and \"Larry Corcoran.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0e919dea68360ff4198800e3cc67ba4b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry.","Getto, Adam","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Myerscough, Tom","Nyden, Paul","Sabo, Tony","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Schultz, Miriam"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America"],"persname_ssim":["Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:05:12.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_650","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_650","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_650","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_650","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_650.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195151","title_ssm":["Paul Nyden, Collector, Five Unpublished Manuscripts Dealing with Coal Mining, Miners, and Unions"],"title_tesim":["Paul Nyden, Collector, Five Unpublished Manuscripts Dealing with Coal Mining, Miners, and Unions"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1932, 1970-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1932, 1970-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2628","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/650"],"text":["A\u0026M 2628","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/650","Paul Nyden, Collector, Five Unpublished Manuscripts Dealing with Coal Mining, Miners, and Unions","Kentucky","Coal miners","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Union names.","Unions - National Miners Union.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mines and mining --  Kentucky","Coal miners--West Virginia","No special access restriction applies.","The library at Wayne State University has a copy of one manuscript, Tom Myerscough's Bloody Hell in Kentucky, see here https://reuther.wayne.edu/files/LP000622.pdf","Five unpublished manuscripts relating to coal mining, miners, and unions, in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.  (1) Tom Myerscough,  Bloody Hell in Kentucky , circa 1932, a fictionalized account of the National Miners Union strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, in 1931. Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union.  \n(2) Adam Getto,  Autobiography , 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania.  \n(3) Miriam Schultz,  Bread Upon the Waters , circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania.  \n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania.  \n(5) Tony Sabo,  Stripped Naked in Public , circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization.  \nMicrofilm contains copies of  Autobiography ,  Stripped Naked in Public , and \"Larry Corcoran.\"","The Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry.","English \n.    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Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Nyden, Paul, 1979/03/21."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal miners","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Union names.","Unions - National Miners Union.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mines and mining --  Kentucky","Coal miners--West Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal miners","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Union names.","Unions - National Miners Union.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mines and mining --  Kentucky","Coal miners--West Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.77 Linear Feet 9 1/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.77 Linear Feet 9 1/4 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe library at Wayne State University has a copy of one manuscript, Tom Myerscough's Bloody Hell in Kentucky, see here https://reuther.wayne.edu/files/LP000622.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The library at Wayne State University has a copy of one manuscript, Tom Myerscough's Bloody Hell in Kentucky, see here https://reuther.wayne.edu/files/LP000622.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Paul Nyden, Collector, Five Unpublished Manuscripts Dealing with Coal Mining, Miners, and Unions, A\u0026amp;M 2628, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Paul Nyden, Collector, Five Unpublished Manuscripts Dealing with Coal Mining, Miners, and Unions, A\u0026M 2628, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFive unpublished manuscripts relating to coal mining, miners, and unions, in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(1) Tom Myerscough, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eBloody Hell in Kentucky\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, circa 1932, a fictionalized account of the National Miners Union strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, in 1931. Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(2) Adam Getto, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eAutobiography\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(3) Miriam Schultz, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eBread Upon the Waters\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n(5) Tony Sabo, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eStripped Naked in Public\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMicrofilm contains copies of \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eAutobiography\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eStripped Naked in Public\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, and \"Larry Corcoran.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Five unpublished manuscripts relating to coal mining, miners, and unions, in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.  (1) Tom Myerscough,  Bloody Hell in Kentucky , circa 1932, a fictionalized account of the National Miners Union strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, in 1931. Myerscough became an organizer and then president of the National Miners Union.  \n(2) Adam Getto,  Autobiography , 1975, an autobiography of his experiences as a union section leader at Bethlehem Steel's Ellsworth Mine in Bentleyville, Pennsylvania.  \n(3) Miriam Schultz,  Bread Upon the Waters , circa 1970, a novel about coal miners in western Pennsylvania.  \n(4) Miriam Schultz, \"Larry Corcoran,\" circa 1970, a short story about a coal miner in western Pennsylvania.  \n(5) Tony Sabo,  Stripped Naked in Public , circa 1971, an autobiographical account about his life in coal towns in northern West Virginia and his work in the Welfare Rights Organization.  \nMicrofilm contains copies of  Autobiography ,  Stripped Naked in Public , and \"Larry Corcoran.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Center does not have copyright to these materials. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0e919dea68360ff4198800e3cc67ba4b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry.","Getto, Adam","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Myerscough, Tom","Nyden, Paul","Sabo, Tony","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Schultz, Miriam"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America"],"persname_ssim":["Nyden, Paul","Getto, Adam","Myerscough, Tom","Sabo, Tony","Schultz, Miriam","Corcoran, Larry."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:05:12.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_650"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith-Riffe Collection","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"A local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1207.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195575","title_ssm":["Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley"],"title_tesim":["Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3033","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1207"],"text":["A\u0026M 3033","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1207","Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley","Kentucky","Virginia","Genealogy","New River Genealogy.","Rivers and river valleys.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","A local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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(7 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley, A\u0026amp;M 3033, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley, A\u0026M 3033, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_31ccdba02d4228ec582e92307ea600c0\"\u003eA local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d987402a88b9d3beab527e767abb5199\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smith-Riffe Collection","Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smith-Riffe Collection"],"names_coll_ssim":["Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"persname_ssim":["Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:23:46.983Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1207.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195575","title_ssm":["Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley"],"title_tesim":["Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3033","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1207"],"text":["A\u0026M 3033","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1207","Smith-Riffe Collection, History and Genealogy of Lower New River Valley","Kentucky","Virginia","Genealogy","New River Genealogy.","Rivers and river valleys.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","A local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smith-Riffe Collection","Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O.","English \n.    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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_31ccdba02d4228ec582e92307ea600c0\"\u003eA local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A local history and genealogies of the lower New River valley compiled by Aubrey O. Smith and Judge Winton A. Riffe of Beckley. The collection contains a section on local history covering 29 counties in Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia. The section on local history is comprised of church records, community histories, county court records and cemetery transcriptions. The collection mostly consists of the genealogies of 207 family names and their sources such as personal memoirs, interviews, obituaries, correspondence, and family records, sketches and charts. The Smith-Riffe Collection is also commonly known as the New River Genealogy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d987402a88b9d3beab527e767abb5199\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smith-Riffe Collection","Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smith-Riffe Collection"],"names_coll_ssim":["Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"persname_ssim":["Riffe, Winton A.","Smith, Aubrey O."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:23:46.983Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1207"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"United Mine Workers of America. 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The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_882.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212424","title_ssm":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"title_tesim":["United Mine 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/882","United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records","Kentucky","Virginia","Blankenship vs. Boyle.","Coal miners","Coal mining - Medical care.","Dental care","Dentists","Drugs and druggists.","Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 1969.","Health services.","Hospitals and hospital records.","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Lungs -- Dust diseases","Physicians - letters and papers.","Silicosis","United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds - copayment system.","Vocational rehabilitation","Requires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies.","In 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.","The original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.","From 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.","The 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.","The host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.","The problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.","Friction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them.","The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.","Letters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  ","The archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  ","The archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.","The archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  ","There is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.","There are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material.","The following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:","Printed material sent to WVU Medical Center Library: \nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946. \nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2. \n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)","Printed material sent to WVU Evansdale Library: \n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.","Printed material discarded: \n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)","The following material has been separated to the Map Collection: \nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","English \n.    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(6 ledgers, 3 in. each); (2 document rolls, 5.5 in.); (3 motion pictures, 4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Requires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFriction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969 \u003ctitle\u003eBlankenship vs. Boyle\u003c/title\u003e class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.","The original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.","From 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.","The 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.","The host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.","The problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.","Friction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records, A\u0026amp;M 2769, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records, A\u0026M 2769, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the \u003ctitle\u003eBlankenship vs. Boyle\u003c/title\u003e class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.","Letters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  ","The archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  ","The archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.","The archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  ","There is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.","There are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material sent to WVU Medical Center Library:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material sent to WVU Evansdale Library:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material discarded:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following material has been separated to the Map Collection:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:","Printed material sent to WVU Medical Center Library: \nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946. \nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2. \n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)","Printed material sent to WVU Evansdale Library: \n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.","Printed material discarded: \n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)","The following material has been separated to the Map Collection: \nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_66e9c478a0a538e82e9f6a4a0e1dda4c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3183,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:21:48.874Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_882.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212424","title_ssm":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"title_tesim":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1915-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2769","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/882","United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records","Kentucky","Virginia","Blankenship vs. Boyle.","Coal miners","Coal mining - Medical care.","Dental care","Dentists","Drugs and druggists.","Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 1969.","Health services.","Hospitals and hospital records.","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Lungs -- Dust diseases","Physicians - letters and papers.","Silicosis","United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds - copayment system.","Vocational rehabilitation","Requires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies.","In 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.","The original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.","From 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.","The 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.","The host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.","The problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.","Friction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them.","The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.","Letters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  ","The archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  ","The archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.","The archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  ","There is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.","There are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material.","The following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:","Printed material sent to WVU Medical Center Library: \nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946. \nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2. \n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)","Printed material sent to WVU Evansdale Library: \n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.","Printed material discarded: \n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)","The following material has been separated to the Map Collection: \nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2769","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/882"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"collection_ssim":["United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Kentucky","Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Kentucky","Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds"],"creator_ssim":["United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds"],"creators_ssim":["United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds"],"places_ssim":["Kentucky","Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Blankenship vs. Boyle.","Coal miners","Coal mining - Medical care.","Dental care","Dentists","Drugs and druggists.","Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 1969.","Health services.","Hospitals and hospital records.","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Lungs -- Dust diseases","Physicians - letters and papers.","Silicosis","United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds - copayment system.","Vocational rehabilitation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Blankenship vs. Boyle.","Coal miners","Coal mining - Medical care.","Dental care","Dentists","Drugs and druggists.","Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act 1969.","Health services.","Hospitals and hospital records.","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Lungs -- Dust diseases","Physicians - letters and papers.","Silicosis","United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds - copayment system.","Vocational rehabilitation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["183.71 Linear Feet 183 ft. 8.5 in. (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (314 document cases, 5 in. each); (39 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 oversize box, 3 in.); (1 oversize box, 6 in.) (6 ledgers, 3 in. each); (2 document rolls, 5.5 in.); (3 motion pictures, 4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["183.71 Linear Feet 183 ft. 8.5 in. (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (314 document cases, 5 in. each); (39 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 oversize box, 3 in.); (1 oversize box, 6 in.) (6 ledgers, 3 in. each); (2 document rolls, 5.5 in.); (3 motion pictures, 4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Requires \"Agreement for Use\" form designed specifically for this collection, since special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFriction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969 \u003ctitle\u003eBlankenship vs. Boyle\u003c/title\u003e class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1946, the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) President John L. Lewis demanded a pension and medical care program for American coal miners.  The collective bargaining agreement of the same year between the Union and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug established two trust funds, one for welfare and retirement payments and another for medical care benefits.  Krug signed the agreement on behalf of the industry because the U.S government had seized the country's coal mines during the miners' 1946 strike.","The original names for the pension and medical care plan was the Welfare and Retirement Fund.  Coal companies paid money to the Fund according to a royalty per ton of coal mined.  The royalty rose gradually from five cents per ton in 1946 to eighty-two cents per ton in 1974.  The first welfare and medical checks reached beneficiaries in 1947, but a dispute between the union and the coal industry held up the first pension check to a retired miner until 1948.","From 1946 until 1971, there was a close relationship between the UMWA and the Fund.  There were three members of the Fund Board of Trustees, one each for the union and the industry and one \"neutral\" trustee.  John L Lewis held the Union's trusteeship from 1946 until his death in 1969, while his close associate and director of the Fund, Josephine Roche, was the neutral trustee from 1950 to 1971.  UMWA President W.A. \"Tony\" Boyle served as the Union's trustee from 1969 to 1971.  Collective bargaining agreements between the Union and the coal industry established the royalty payments to the Fund.  But the collaboration between Lewis and Roche, and later Boyle and Roche, placed policy-making decisions in the Union's hands and indirectly led to the abuses and mismanagement of the Funds that were made public in the late 1960s.","The 1946 Kruger-Lewis agreement called for an investigation of coal miners' health and medical treatment, sanitation, and housing in the coal fields.  This study took place in 1946-47 under the direction of Rear Admiral Joel T. Boone, Navy Medical Corps.  Boone's report, \"Medical Survey of the Bituminous Coal Industry,\" revealed inadequate health facilities, lack of qualified physicians, and poor housing and sanitation in many parts of the coal fields.  Accordingly, in 1948 Warren F. Draper became the Fund's executive medical officer in charge of ten Area Medical Offices covering mining districts.  These offices arranged for the delivery of medical care to eligible coal miners by doctors in the coal fields.","The host of difficulties with the Fund's health care program from 1948 to 1951 led to a decision to build and staff ten hospitals in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.  These Miners Memorial Hospitals opened their doors in 1955 and 1956, offering modern facilities and equipment and well-trained medical staff to the Fund's beneficiaries.  Due to the gradual decline of the coal industry during the 1950s and 1960s and to the corresponding decrease in the number of beneficiaries for medical care programs, the Fund decided in 1963 to transfer the hospitals to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc., a non-profit corporation established by the Board of National Missions of the United Presbyterian Church.","The problem which led to the transfer of the hospitals also affected the other parts of the Fund's programs.  The Board of Trustees changed eligibility requirements for pensions in 1953 and 1960, responding to declining payments form the royalty on coal tonnage.  These changes reduced the number of retired miners who qualified for pensions.  A revision in the health care program in 1962 denied benefits to miners whose employers were delinquent in making payments to the Fund.  These changes in the Fund's programs, coupled with the Board of Trustees' investment decisions for Fund financial reserves, stirred much resentment among coal miners.  Their criticism of the Fund escalated in step with their dissatisfaction with the UMWA leadership in the late 1960s.","Friction between rank and file coal miners, the UMWA, and the Fund produced the 1969  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit.  On behalf of 17,000 miners who had been denied benefits by the Fund, this suit alleged that Fund finances had been mismanaged and that pension eligibility requirements were arbitrary and capricious.  The presiding judge's decision in 1971 found in favor of the plaintiffs and began a series of important changes for the Fund, including the removal of trustees and the director, diverting Fund monies to new bank accounts and investments, and implementing new pension application procedures. As a result of the eligibility portion of the judge's decision, thousands of miners previously denied pensions began to receive them."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records, A\u0026amp;M 2769, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], United Mine Workers of America, Health and Retirement Funds, Records, A\u0026M 2769, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the \u003ctitle\u003eBlankenship vs. Boyle\u003c/title\u003e class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) archives consists of the records of the first industry-wide pension and medical care plans for coal miners and their families in the United States.  The archives comprise approximately 156 linear feet of records from the years 1946-1974, and include minutes, resolutions, correspondence, memos, reports, transcribed speeches, lawsuit documents, construction plans, contracts, statistical reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, microfilmed reading files, sound recordings, and movie film.","Letters, memos, and reports in the archives document the relationship between the UMWA and the Health and Retirement Funds.  There are correspondence files for John L. Lewis, Josephine Roche, W.A. (Tony) Boyle, and\nother members of the Funds' Board of Trustees, 1946-1974. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and lawsuit documents concerning the 1969 UMWA election, the  Blankenship vs. Boyle  class action lawsuit, and the U.S. Senate investigation of the Funds.  ","The archives also include extensive records on the creation and implementation of hospitalization and medical care policies.  There are letters, memos, reports, minutes, and agenda of professional health care meetings, speeches and addresses concerning the administration of health care delivery in the coal fields, the hiring and retention of physicians and other medical personnel, and the provision of various types of medical care, from routine examinations to vocational rehabilitation for the victims of mining accidents.  ","The archives include a variety of documents on the building, dedication, and administration of the Miners Memorial Hospitals in Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  There are volumes of minutes, resolutions, and exhibits from meetings of the Miners Memorial Hospital Associations of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky, from 1951-1964.  There are also construction plans, contracts, photographs, sound recordings, and movie film of groundbreaking and dedication ceremonies, as well as extensive documentation on the implementation of medical care programs through the hospitals. Additional letters, memos, reports, contracts, and printed material concern the transfer of the Miners Memorial Hospitals from the Funds to the Appalachian Regional Hospitals, incorporated in 1963.","The archives' medical care records also include material on the dispute between the Funds' medical professionals and the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the issue of free choice of physicians  There are letters,\ntranscribed hearings of local medical associations, sound recordings of Kentucky legislative hearings, and printed material revealing the policies of both the Funds and the AMA and the cases of individual physicians employed or retained by the Funds whom the AMA barred from membership.  ","There is voluminous correspondence among the Funds' trustees, officers, administrators, and beneficiaries concerning the eligibility requirements for pensions, funeral expense payments, disability payments, widow's\nmaintenance payments, and hospitalization and health care.  These letters, appearing in large groups throughout the archives, reveal the changes in the Funds eligibility and benefit requirements and the attitudes of coal miners and their dependents to the establishment of the pension and medical care programs and the revision of these programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s.","There are also multiple addenda to the main collection and a set of ledgers, certificates, and other material. These addenda contain wage agreements, correspondence between area medical offices and others, court papers, correspondence regarding the retention of medical services at various facilities, annual reports, and other material."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material sent to WVU Medical Center Library:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material sent to WVU Evansdale Library:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrinted material discarded:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following material has been separated to the Map Collection:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following material has been separated from Series 14. ADD of 1982/02/27, Area Medical Offices and Other Material:","Printed material sent to WVU Medical Center Library: \nHarry E. Handley and Carolina R. Randolph, \"Eight Years of Public Health Work, Jones Conty Mississippi, 1937-1944,\" NY, Commonwealth Fund, 1946. \nLeslie A. Falk, \"Medical Sociology: The Contribution of Dr. Henry E. Siquist,\" Repritn from journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1958 Vol. 13, No. 2. \n\"25 Anniversary Report from the Hospital Research and Education Trust\" (1970)","Printed material sent to WVU Evansdale Library: \n\"USDA Testimony Proposing Long Range Agricultural Policy and Programs,\" before Congressional Committees on Agriculture, April 21, October 6-8, 1947.","Printed material discarded: \n\"Appalachia\" Vol. 7, No. 4 (1974)","The following material has been separated to the Map Collection: \nPopulation distribution map, Benefit Trust Beneficiaries, 1950."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_66e9c478a0a538e82e9f6a4a0e1dda4c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate","Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United Mine Workers of America. Health and Retirement Funds","American Medical Association","Appalachian Regional Hospitals, Inc.","Disabled Miner's Association of West Virginia 2769","Miners Memorial Hospital Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Congress. Senate"],"persname_ssim":["Abbott, Marilyn","Boone, Joel Thompson, 1889-1974","Barger, Joe Douglas.","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Burke, William, L. P.","Collisson, Captain N.H.","Dawson, Charles I.","Draper, W. F. (Warren Fales), 1883-1970","Horn, Ezra Van.","Huge, Harry.","Kaiser, Henry J., 1882-1967","Kerr, Lorin E., 1909-","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitch, Val J.","Murray, Thomas E.","Newdrop, John M.D.","Owen, Charles A.","Painter, Dr. John H.","Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976","Schmidt, Godfrey P.  (Godfrey Peter), 1903-1998","Van Horn, Ezra.","Ward, Harold.","Woods, Philip, Dr., D.D.S.","Yablonski, Joseph A., 1910-1969","Bridges, Styles, 1898-1961"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3183,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:21:48.874Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_882"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"UMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6223.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/202800","title_ssm":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1908-1961"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1908-1961"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1698","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6223"],"text":["A\u0026M 1698","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6223","Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers","Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee","Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals.","No special access restriction applies.","6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February","\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09","\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07","\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01","\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20","\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","UMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. District 5","United Mine Workers of America","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Farrington, Frank.","Green, William.","Hayes, Frank J.","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitchell, John.","Murray, Philip, 1886-1952","White, John P. (John Phillip), 1870-1934","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1698","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6223"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee"],"geogname_ssim":["Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee"],"creator_ssm":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"creators_ssim":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"places_ssim":["Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.42 Linear Feet 6 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each; 1 document case, 3 in.; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 large flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 unboxed scrapbook, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["6.42 Linear Feet 6 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each; 1 document case, 3 in.; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 large flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 unboxed scrapbook, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1698, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers, A\u0026M 1698, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e6 photos separated to A\u0026amp;M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February","\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09","\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07","\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01","\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20","\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_39d193c4d2e34d487473f2ab7d8a8c40\"\u003eUMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["UMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cd8e73e743a67526e22748c4708c13db\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. District 5","United Mine Workers of America","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Farrington, Frank.","Green, William.","Hayes, Frank J.","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitchell, John.","Murray, Philip, 1886-1952","White, John P. (John Phillip), 1870-1934"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. District 5","United Mine Workers of America","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Farrington, Frank.","Green, William.","Hayes, Frank J.","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitchell, John.","Murray, Philip, 1886-1952","White, John P. (John Phillip), 1870-1934"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. District 5","United Mine Workers of America"],"persname_ssim":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Farrington, Frank.","Green, William.","Hayes, Frank J.","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitchell, John.","Murray, Philip, 1886-1952","White, John P. (John Phillip), 1870-1934"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:11:59.290Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6223","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6223.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/202800","title_ssm":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1908-1961"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1908-1961"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1698","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6223"],"text":["A\u0026M 1698","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6223","Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers","Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee","Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals.","No special access restriction applies.","6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February","\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09","\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07","\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01","\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20","\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","UMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. District 5","United Mine Workers of America","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Farrington, Frank.","Green, William.","Hayes, Frank J.","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Mitchell, John.","Murray, Philip, 1886-1952","White, John P. 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(Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"creators_ssim":["Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949"],"places_ssim":["Alabama","Kansas","Kentucky","Montana","Oklahoma","Tennessee"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - camps and company towns.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Diaries and journals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.42 Linear Feet 6 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each; 1 document case, 3 in.; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 large flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 unboxed scrapbook, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["6.42 Linear Feet 6 ft. 5 in. (13 document cases, 5 in. each; 1 document case, 3 in.; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 large flat storage box, 3 in.; 1 unboxed scrapbook, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1698, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Van Amberg Bittner (1885-1949), Labor Leader, Papers, A\u0026M 1698, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e6 photos separated to A\u0026amp;M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["6 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nDistrict 17 United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Golden Jubilee Convention, Columbus, OH, 1940 January 23-1940 February 01; 1940 January-February","\n5th Constitutional Convention, Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Boston, MA.; 1942 November 09","\nMembers Policy Committee, United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, OH; 1922 August 07","\n6th Annual Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Convention, Bellevue Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; 1943 November 01","\n1st Constitutional Convention Banquet, United Steelworkers of America, Public Auditorium, Cleveland, OH; 1942 May 20","\n2nd Constitutional Convention, United Steelworkers of America, Cleveland, OH, 1944 May 09-1944 May 13; 1944 May"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_39d193c4d2e34d487473f2ab7d8a8c40\"\u003eUMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["UMWA international representative and organizer, member of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, director of the CIO Organizing Committee, and vice-chairman of the CIO Political Action Committee Correspondence, legal papers, diaries, clippings, and other papers relate to Bittner's early career in the western Pennsylvania coal fields; his presidency of District 5, UMWA, 1911-1916; and his organizational activities in southeastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, northern West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Kansas, 1916-1928. Subjects include labor strife and strikes in West Virginia, 1912-1913, 1924-1928, Alabama, 1920-1921, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 1911, and Oklahoma and Kansas, 1922; UMWA intra-union affairs; relief for striking miners; Kansas Industrial Court; Workers Communist Party; Red International of Labor Unions; American Association for Labor Legislation; National League of People's McAdoo Clubs; labor trouble in Montana, 1920; the railway assigned coal car problem; and Bittner's activities on various state and national labor boards and committees. There are photographs of mining towns, camps, and tent colonies, labor parades, conventions, demonstrations, and strikes; portraits of labor leaders; and pictures of the Irwin, Pennsylvania coalfield strike of 1911, the Ludlow Massacre of 1914, and the northern West Virginia strikes of 1924-1926. Frank Farrington, William Green, Frank J. Hayes, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Philip Murray, and John P. White are included among the correspondents. A detailed listing of the correspondence in boxes 1-7 is available upon request."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cd8e73e743a67526e22748c4708c13db\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Association for Labor Legislation","Workers (Communist) Party of America","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","Kansas Industrial Court","National League of People's McAdoo Clubs","Red International of Labor Unions","Steel Workers Organizing Committee (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America. 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He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and served in the British navy. He moved to the colony of Virginia in 1755, landing first in Norfolk before moving to Williamsburg. There, he was commissioned as an ensign to serve under Col. George Washington. He engaged in border warfare. Fleming eventually settled in Staunton where he married Anne Christian on April 9, 1763. He gave up medicine for farming in Botetourt County (now Montgomery) at his estate called Bellmont. From 1777-1779, he represented several districts, including Kentucky, in the Virginia Senate. He took an active part in Western Affairs, twice heading commissions to Kentucky. In his last appearance as a public servant, Fleming represented Botetourt in the state convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Fleming died on August 5, 1795.","Anne Christian Fleming was born in 1744 in Staunton, Virginia to Israel and Elizabeth Christian. She had two siblings: William and Rosanna. Anne and William Fleming married in 1763. They had two children: Ebenezer and Annie.","WLU Coll 0003: George A. Baxter family papers","This collection contains papers created by or related to William and Anne Fleming and several family members on Anne's side, including her parents, Israel and Elizabeth, and her brother, William.","The subjects include Fleming's accounts of his trips to Kentucky, his journal of the first Kentucky convention of which he served as chair, letters about business, Kentucky land claims, and family affairs. There are commissions, wills and estate inventories, land surveys and indentures, a manuscript map, and documents related to Indigenous nations. Other documents mention enslaved people, usually those who were to be inherited. One folder holds items specific to Kentucky but there are other documents throughout the collection that also have relevance to Kentucky, such as correspondence, land records, and receipts. Daniel Boone's name can be found throughout the collection as he was hired to survey land within what is now Kentucky. Notable signatures within the collection include Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, and Benjamin Harrison. The collection also includes an account book kept by Fleming between 1765-1783. Some accounts are medical in nature. Lastly, the collection holds George Baxter's honorary degree from the University of South Carolina dated circa 1812.","There are transcriptions for correspondence and other items which were done in 2000.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Baxter, Anne Christian Fleming","Fleming, William","Jefferson, Thomas","Henry, Patrick","Fleming, John Christian","Christian, Israel","Christian, William","Boone, Daniel","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0009","/repositories/5/resources/11"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William and Anne Fleming Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["William and Anne Fleming Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["William and Anne Fleming Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia","Kentucky"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia","Kentucky"],"creator_ssm":["Baxter, Anne Christian Fleming","Fleming, William"],"creator_ssim":["Baxter, Anne Christian Fleming","Fleming, William"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Baxter, Anne Christian Fleming","Fleming, William"],"creators_ssim":["Baxter, Anne Christian Fleming","Fleming, William"],"places_ssim":["Virginia","Kentucky"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Land grants","Correspondence","Slavery"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Land grants","Correspondence","Slavery"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Linear Feet four boxes, five oversize folders, one account volume","1 Reels 1 microfilm reel. Contains index."],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Linear Feet four boxes, five oversize folders, one account volume","1 Reels 1 microfilm reel. Contains index."],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Fleming was born in Scotland on Feburary 18, 1729. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and served in the British navy. He moved to the colony of Virginia in 1755, landing first in Norfolk before moving to Williamsburg. There, he was commissioned as an ensign to serve under Col. George Washington. He engaged in border warfare. Fleming eventually settled in Staunton where he married Anne Christian on April 9, 1763. He gave up medicine for farming in Botetourt County (now Montgomery) at his estate called Bellmont. From 1777-1779, he represented several districts, including Kentucky, in the Virginia Senate. He took an active part in Western Affairs, twice heading commissions to Kentucky. In his last appearance as a public servant, Fleming represented Botetourt in the state convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Fleming died on August 5, 1795.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Christian Fleming was born in 1744 in Staunton, Virginia to Israel and Elizabeth Christian. She had two siblings: William and Rosanna. Anne and William Fleming married in 1763. They had two children: Ebenezer and Annie.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Fleming was born in Scotland on Feburary 18, 1729. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and served in the British navy. He moved to the colony of Virginia in 1755, landing first in Norfolk before moving to Williamsburg. There, he was commissioned as an ensign to serve under Col. George Washington. He engaged in border warfare. Fleming eventually settled in Staunton where he married Anne Christian on April 9, 1763. He gave up medicine for farming in Botetourt County (now Montgomery) at his estate called Bellmont. From 1777-1779, he represented several districts, including Kentucky, in the Virginia Senate. He took an active part in Western Affairs, twice heading commissions to Kentucky. In his last appearance as a public servant, Fleming represented Botetourt in the state convention which ratified the Federal Constitution. Fleming died on August 5, 1795.","Anne Christian Fleming was born in 1744 in Staunton, Virginia to Israel and Elizabeth Christian. She had two siblings: William and Rosanna. Anne and William Fleming married in 1763. They had two children: Ebenezer and Annie."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], William and Anne Fleming Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0009), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], William and Anne Fleming Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0009), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWLU Coll 0003: George A. Baxter family papers\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["WLU Coll 0003: George A. Baxter family papers"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers created by or related to William and Anne Fleming and several family members on Anne's side, including her parents, Israel and Elizabeth, and her brother, William.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe subjects include Fleming's accounts of his trips to Kentucky, his journal of the first Kentucky convention of which he served as chair, letters about business, Kentucky land claims, and family affairs. There are commissions, wills and estate inventories, land surveys and indentures, a manuscript map, and documents related to Indigenous nations. Other documents mention enslaved people, usually those who were to be inherited. One folder holds items specific to Kentucky but there are other documents throughout the collection that also have relevance to Kentucky, such as correspondence, land records, and receipts. Daniel Boone's name can be found throughout the collection as he was hired to survey land within what is now Kentucky. Notable signatures within the collection include Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, and Benjamin Harrison. The collection also includes an account book kept by Fleming between 1765-1783. Some accounts are medical in nature. 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