{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=23"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":23,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":224,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347"],"title_filing_ssi":"Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","title_ssm":["Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"title_tesim":["Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"text":["Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.","The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.","This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2021"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2000"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"extent_ssm":["12.5 Linear Feet 24 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["12.5 Linear Feet 24 boxes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Academic Career, 1953/1995","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","parent_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595"],"title_filing_ssi":"Academic Career","title_ssm":["Academic Career"],"title_tesim":["Academic Career"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Academic Career, 1953/1995"],"text":["Academic Career, 1953/1995","Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-1995"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Accession 2019-0235, 1905/2007","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","parent_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_779"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accession 2019-0235","title_ssm":["Accession 2019-0235"],"title_tesim":["Accession 2019-0235"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accession 2019-0235, 1905/2007"],"text":["Accession 2019-0235, 1905/2007","Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","English","Materials within the boxes have been maintained in their orginal order.  This accession has been minimally  processed.","Audio cassette tapes have been removed to a separate storage location.  Copies of membership checks have been deaccessioned when noted.  Some periodicals and printed material from box 8 have been separated for review."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-2007"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":202,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"extent_ssm":["8 Cubic Feet 8 cubic foot boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8 Cubic Feet 8 cubic foot boxes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Boxes 27 and 28 do not circulate."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials within the boxes have been maintained in their orginal order.  This accession has been minimally  processed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials within the boxes have been maintained in their orginal order.  This accession has been minimally  processed."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio cassette tapes have been removed to a separate storage location.  Copies of membership checks have been deaccessioned when noted.  Some periodicals and printed material from box 8 have been separated for review.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Audio cassette tapes have been removed to a separate storage location.  Copies of membership checks have been deaccessioned when noted.  Some periodicals and printed material from box 8 have been separated for review."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_779.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/687","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Folklore Society records","title_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"text":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779","clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks","Boxes 27 and 28 do not circulate.","Arranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235","The broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\"","The Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5).","Under C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\"","By 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America.","Two figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society.","The second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history.","The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore.","In 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive.","Beginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country.","In March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program.","In addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.","In 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings.","With the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition.","On March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972.","Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026 Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","The contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others.","The decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia.","In spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981.","The changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field.","Consistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s.","Excerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm.","Material transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society.","Virginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.","Regarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs.","The recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).","Please note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. In an effort to represent the resource as accurately as possible, library staff have transcribed the title exactly as it appears on the archival material or object.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Archival transfer from MSS 9829, the papers of Arthur Kyle Davis, 19 February 1974 comprise series one and two.  Series three, accession number Accession 2019-0235, donated by Marc Charles Perdue and Martin Clay Perdue."],"access_subjects_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["22.7 Cubic Feet 26 document boxes, 10 cubic foot boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22.7 Cubic Feet 26 document boxes, 10 cubic foot boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes 27 and 28 do not circulate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Boxes 27 and 28 do not circulate."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026amp; Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExcerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\"","The Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5).","Under C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\"","By 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America.","Two figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society.","The second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history.","The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore.","In 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive.","Beginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country.","In March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program.","In addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.","In 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings.","With the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition.","On March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972.","Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026 Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","The contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others.","The decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia.","In spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981.","The changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field.","Consistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s.","Excerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Material transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. In an effort to represent the resource as accurately as possible, library staff have transcribed the title exactly as it appears on the archival material or object.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.","Regarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs.","The recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).","Please note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. In an effort to represent the resource as accurately as possible, library staff have transcribed the title exactly as it appears on the archival material or object."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":210,"online_item_count_is":173,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Accession RG 204-79, 1948/1979","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of an accession of records (RG 204-79) from the office of the Virginia Law Weekly that contains the Virginia Law Weekly Constitution (1960); a prospectus written by the first editor, Edgar Jones in August 1948; 318 photographs; contact sheets and negatives; and letters from Virginia Law Weekly alums.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","parent_ssim":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_782"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accession RG 204-79","title_ssm":["Accession RG 204-79"],"title_tesim":["Accession RG 204-79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accession RG 204-79, 1948/1979"],"text":["Accession RG 204-79, 1948/1979","Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009","box 204-79/80 1","box 204-79 1","box 204-79 1.2","box 204-79 1.3","box 204-79 2.1","box 204-79 2.2","box 204-79 2.3","box 204-79 2.4","box 204-79 2.5","box 204-79 3","box 204-79 4","box 204-79 5","box 204-79 6","This series consists of an accession of records (RG 204-79) from the office of the Virginia Law Weekly that contains the Virginia Law Weekly Constitution (1960); a prospectus written by the first editor, Edgar Jones in August 1948; 318 photographs; contact sheets and negatives; and letters from Virginia Law Weekly alums."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948/1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1979"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"containers_ssim":["box 204-79/80 1","box 204-79 1","box 204-79 1.2","box 204-79 1.3","box 204-79 2.1","box 204-79 2.2","box 204-79 2.3","box 204-79 2.4","box 204-79 2.5","box 204-79 3","box 204-79 4","box 204-79 5","box 204-79 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Digital Images of Photographic Materials from the Virginia Law Weekly RG-204-79 Container 1\", \"href\": \"virginia.edu.viul.4b8ea2a2-9f9f-11f0-9f8a-4ea842a5d5db\"}","{\"label\": \"Digital Images of Photographic Materials from the Virginia Law Weekly RG-204-79 Container 2\", \"href\": \"virginia.edu.viul.f3fbfc5c-a2e0-11f0-9aea-4ea842a5d5db\"}","{\"label\": \"Digital Images of Photographic Materials from the Virginia Law Weekly RG-204-79 Container 3\", \"href\": \"virginia.edu.viul.a279b78e-a2ef-11f0-9d99-4ea842a5d5db\"}","{\"label\": \"Digital Images of Photographic Materials from the Virginia Law Weekly RG-204-79 Container 4\", \"href\": \"virginia.edu.viul.784de8b2-a070-11f0-a0e7-4ea842a5d5db\"}","{\"label\": \"Digital Images of Photographic Materials from the Virginia Law Weekly RG-204-79 Container 5\", \"href\": \"virginia.edu.viul.58367f66-a2ce-11f0-97a7-4ea842a5d5db\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access to the materials in this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Virginia Law Weekly, an independent student organization, published the materials in this collection. It owns the copyright to any content that is not yet in the public domain or was licensed from another party. Individuals who wish to re-publish copyright-protected content will need to seek permission from the party or parties that own it."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In 1979, Virginia Dunmire, the Virginia Law Weekly editor (1978-1979), and Dennis Fogland transferred these records from the office of the Virginia Law Weekly to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of an accession of records (RG 204-79) from the office of the Virginia Law Weekly that contains the Virginia Law Weekly Constitution (1960); a prospectus written by the first editor, Edgar Jones in August 1948; 318 photographs; contact sheets and negatives; and letters from Virginia Law Weekly alums.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series consists of an accession of records (RG 204-79) from the office of the Virginia Law Weekly that contains the Virginia Law Weekly Constitution (1960); a prospectus written by the first editor, Edgar Jones in August 1948; 318 photographs; contact sheets and negatives; and letters from Virginia Law Weekly alums."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:53.535Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_782","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_782.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169304","title_ssm":["Virginia Law Weekly records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Law Weekly records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1948-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"text":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009","RG.32.204","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/782","There are no restrictions on access to the materials in this collection.","Each series in this collection represents an accession of material to the collection. The accessions are arranged in chronological order by the date they arrived at the University of Virginia Law Library.","In 1948, students at the University of Virginia School of Law founded the Virginia Law Weekly, a periodical and independent student organization. Since its founding, the organization has published weekly editions during the academic year featuring news articles, opinion columns, humor articles, photographs, advertisements, and other materials. This content documents life at the School of Law, as well as student perspectives of the law and the broader world around them.","This collection does not contain copies of the Virginia Law Weekly publication. Researchers can find issues of the Virginia Law Weekly in the following collection at the University of Virginia's Law Library: Virginia Law Weekly, RG-32-511.","This collection consists of the Virginia Law Weekly's organizational records including founding documents, correspondence, and digital media. It also contains photographic prints, negatives, and contact sheets used in the production of the Virginia Law Weekly.","The University of Virginia Law Library made digital copies of many of the photographic items in this collection.","The Virginia Law Weekly, an independent student organization, published the materials in this collection. It owns the copyright to any content that is not yet in the public domain or was licensed from another party. Individuals who wish to re-publish copyright-protected content will need to seek permission from the party or parties that own it.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Law Weekly records, 1948/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.204","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/782"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.204","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/782"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Virginia Law Weekly, an independent student organization, published the materials in this collection. It owns the copyright to any content that is not yet in the public domain or was licensed from another party. Individuals who wish to re-publish copyright-protected content will need to seek permission from the party or parties that own it."],"acqinfo_ssim":["At various times in its history, the Virginia Law Weekly donated the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia's Law Library."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["20 Linear Feet","767.72 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["20 Linear Feet","767.72 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to the materials in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEach series in this collection represents an accession of material to the collection. The accessions are arranged in chronological order by the date they arrived at the University of Virginia Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Each series in this collection represents an accession of material to the collection. The accessions are arranged in chronological order by the date they arrived at the University of Virginia Law Library."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, students at the University of Virginia School of Law founded the Virginia Law Weekly, a periodical and independent student organization. Since its founding, the organization has published weekly editions during the academic year featuring news articles, opinion columns, humor articles, photographs, advertisements, and other materials. This content documents life at the School of Law, as well as student perspectives of the law and the broader world around them.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1948, students at the University of Virginia School of Law founded the Virginia Law Weekly, a periodical and independent student organization. Since its founding, the organization has published weekly editions during the academic year featuring news articles, opinion columns, humor articles, photographs, advertisements, and other materials. This content documents life at the School of Law, as well as student perspectives of the law and the broader world around them."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection does not contain copies of the Virginia Law Weekly publication. Researchers can find issues of the Virginia Law Weekly in the following collection at the University of Virginia's Law Library: Virginia Law Weekly, RG-32-511.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection does not contain copies of the Virginia Law Weekly publication. Researchers can find issues of the Virginia Law Weekly in the following collection at the University of Virginia's Law Library: Virginia Law Weekly, RG-32-511."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the Virginia Law Weekly's organizational records including founding documents, correspondence, and digital media. It also contains photographic prints, negatives, and contact sheets used in the production of the Virginia Law Weekly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia Law Library made digital copies of many of the photographic items in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the Virginia Law Weekly's organizational records including founding documents, correspondence, and digital media. It also contains photographic prints, negatives, and contact sheets used in the production of the Virginia Law Weekly.","The University of Virginia Law Library made digital copies of many of the photographic items in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Law Weekly, an independent student organization, published the materials in this collection. It owns the copyright to any content that is not yet in the public domain or was licensed from another party. Individuals who wish to re-publish copyright-protected content will need to seek permission from the party or parties that own it.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Virginia Law Weekly, an independent student organization, published the materials in this collection. It owns the copyright to any content that is not yet in the public domain or was licensed from another party. Individuals who wish to re-publish copyright-protected content will need to seek permission from the party or parties that own it."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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Cohen [a], 1924/1995","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_95_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95_c11","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_95_c11"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95_c11","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","parent_ssim":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_95"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of Edwin S. Cohen [a]","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Edwin S. Cohen [a]"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of Edwin S. Cohen [a]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Edwin S. Cohen [a], 1924/1995"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of Edwin S. Cohen [a], 1924/1995","Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1995"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":788,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":185,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to some of the material in Series VII may be restricted. Otherwise, there are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"_nest_path_":"/components#10","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:57.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_95","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_95.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126898","title_ssm":["Edwin S. Cohen papers"],"title_tesim":["Edwin S. Cohen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1995","1946-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1995"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1946-1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989"],"text":["Edwin S. Cohen papers, 1924/1995, bulk 1946/1989","MSS.87.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/95","Income tax -- Law and legislation -- United States","International business enterprises -- Taxation -- Law and legislation","Law  -- Study and teaching","Mutual funds -- United States","Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Value-added tax","Corporations -- Taxation","Notebooks","to some of the material in Series VII may be restricted. Otherwise, there are no restrictions.","Edwin S. Cohen was born in Richmond, Virginia, on 27 September 1914. He grew up in that city and at age fifteen entered the University of Richmond. Three years later he entered law school at the University of Virginia, where he was an excellent student and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. He received his law degree in 1936, before his twenty-first birthday.","After law school, Cohen went to New York and worked from 1936 to 1949 as an associate with Sullivan \u0026 Cromwell. There he began to specialize in taxation and investment matters, and afterward gave lectures on the subjects. In 1949 he formed the firm Root, Barrett, Cohen, Knapp and Smith with some of his former law classmates, and continued doing tax work for the mutual fund industry. He remained with that practice until 1965.","Cohen had always been interested in teaching, and in 1963 Dean Hardy Dillard offered him the opportunity to teach law at his alma mater. For two terms he commuted from New York City to Charlottesville twice a month to teach a tax course. After the second course, he was offered a visiting professorship and, a year later, an appointment to the faculty. In 1968, he was named to the Joseph M. Hartfield Chair.","In 1969, the Nixon administration designated Cohen Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy to work with Secretary of Treasury David M. Kennedy and Under Secretary Charles E. Walker. In 1972, he was appointed Under Secretary of the Treasury, serving in that position until his resignation in 1973.","After his stint in the Treasury Department, Cohen resumed teaching at Virginia and practicing law with Covington \u0026 Burling in Washington, D.C. Later, he became partner and senior counselor at the firm until his retirement in 1986.","Cohen served on numerous committees, task forces, councils, and clubs throughout his career. From the early 1950s, he acted as consultant in various tax matters for the American Law Institute. In 1956, he became part of a seven-member advisory group for the House Ways and Means Committee to consider the revision of the corporate tax rules in the federal tax law. He drafted a revised statute and a report explaining the group's recommendations for corporations, partnerships, estates, trusts, and tax administration.","As a young tax lawyer in New York, he was part of the Tax Forum, a group of junior tax lawyers that presented papers on tax subjects once a month. Later, as a senior lawyer, he was a member of the Tax Club. His participation in the work of the ABA included membership in the Section of Taxation, of which he became chairman in 1956 and member of the governing council in 1958. In the 1960s, he served on a number of federal advisory groups or task forces: in 1965, President Johnson's Task Force to Improve the World-Wide Competitive Effectiveness of American Business; in 1967, the advisory group for the Commissioner of Internal Revenue; and in 1968, the Task Force on Federal Tax Policy to make recommendations to President-elect Nixon. Between 1968-1971 he worked with the legislators of Virginia, first as a counselor for the Virginia Income Tax Commission, and later as a member of the Virginia Income Tax Conformity Study Commission. In addition, Cohen was a member of the American College Tax Counsel, American Judicature Society, D.C. Bar Association, New York State Bar Association, Order of the Coif, Raven Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Epsilon, and Phi Epsilon Pi, among many others.\n  \n  Mr. Cohen died on January 12, 2006.","The vast majority of the Edwin S. Cohen papers document his position as assistant secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy and as under secretary of the Treasury for the Nixon administration.  In addition there is considerable documentation of his work in private practice in New York and Washington, DC, and teaching at UVA Law.","The organization of the collection reflects its original folder headings and arrangement, as well as the sequence in which it was transferred to the library.  The files are divided in eight series:  the first six relate to Cohen's tenure in the Treasury Department; the seventh concerns teaching and law practice in general; and the eighth (and earliest) series of documents concerns the area of his law practice devoted to the mutual fund industry.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Investment Company Institute","National Association of Investment Companies","United States. Department of Treasury","United States. Department of Treasury. 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Otherwise, there are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to some of the material in Series VII may be restricted. Otherwise, there are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin S. Cohen was born in Richmond, Virginia, on 27 September 1914. He grew up in that city and at age fifteen entered the University of Richmond. Three years later he entered law school at the University of Virginia, where he was an excellent student and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. He received his law degree in 1936, before his twenty-first birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  After law school, Cohen went to New York and worked from 1936 to 1949 as an associate with Sullivan \u0026amp; Cromwell. There he began to specialize in taxation and investment matters, and afterward gave lectures on the subjects. 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In 1972, he was appointed Under Secretary of the Treasury, serving in that position until his resignation in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  After his stint in the Treasury Department, Cohen resumed teaching at Virginia and practicing law with Covington \u0026amp; Burling in Washington, D.C. Later, he became partner and senior counselor at the firm until his retirement in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Cohen served on numerous committees, task forces, councils, and clubs throughout his career. From the early 1950s, he acted as consultant in various tax matters for the American Law Institute. In 1956, he became part of a seven-member advisory group for the House Ways and Means Committee to consider the revision of the corporate tax rules in the federal tax law. 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Between 1968-1971 he worked with the legislators of Virginia, first as a counselor for the Virginia Income Tax Commission, and later as a member of the Virginia Income Tax Conformity Study Commission. In addition, Cohen was a member of the American College Tax Counsel, American Judicature Society, D.C. Bar Association, New York State Bar Association, Order of the Coif, Raven Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Epsilon, and Phi Epsilon Pi, among many others.\n  \n  Mr. Cohen died on January 12, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edwin S. Cohen was born in Richmond, Virginia, on 27 September 1914. He grew up in that city and at age fifteen entered the University of Richmond. Three years later he entered law school at the University of Virginia, where he was an excellent student and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. He received his law degree in 1936, before his twenty-first birthday.","After law school, Cohen went to New York and worked from 1936 to 1949 as an associate with Sullivan \u0026 Cromwell. There he began to specialize in taxation and investment matters, and afterward gave lectures on the subjects. In 1949 he formed the firm Root, Barrett, Cohen, Knapp and Smith with some of his former law classmates, and continued doing tax work for the mutual fund industry. He remained with that practice until 1965.","Cohen had always been interested in teaching, and in 1963 Dean Hardy Dillard offered him the opportunity to teach law at his alma mater. For two terms he commuted from New York City to Charlottesville twice a month to teach a tax course. After the second course, he was offered a visiting professorship and, a year later, an appointment to the faculty. In 1968, he was named to the Joseph M. Hartfield Chair.","In 1969, the Nixon administration designated Cohen Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy to work with Secretary of Treasury David M. Kennedy and Under Secretary Charles E. Walker. In 1972, he was appointed Under Secretary of the Treasury, serving in that position until his resignation in 1973.","After his stint in the Treasury Department, Cohen resumed teaching at Virginia and practicing law with Covington \u0026 Burling in Washington, D.C. Later, he became partner and senior counselor at the firm until his retirement in 1986.","Cohen served on numerous committees, task forces, councils, and clubs throughout his career. From the early 1950s, he acted as consultant in various tax matters for the American Law Institute. In 1956, he became part of a seven-member advisory group for the House Ways and Means Committee to consider the revision of the corporate tax rules in the federal tax law. He drafted a revised statute and a report explaining the group's recommendations for corporations, partnerships, estates, trusts, and tax administration.","As a young tax lawyer in New York, he was part of the Tax Forum, a group of junior tax lawyers that presented papers on tax subjects once a month. Later, as a senior lawyer, he was a member of the Tax Club. His participation in the work of the ABA included membership in the Section of Taxation, of which he became chairman in 1956 and member of the governing council in 1958. In the 1960s, he served on a number of federal advisory groups or task forces: in 1965, President Johnson's Task Force to Improve the World-Wide Competitive Effectiveness of American Business; in 1967, the advisory group for the Commissioner of Internal Revenue; and in 1968, the Task Force on Federal Tax Policy to make recommendations to President-elect Nixon. Between 1968-1971 he worked with the legislators of Virginia, first as a counselor for the Virginia Income Tax Commission, and later as a member of the Virginia Income Tax Conformity Study Commission. In addition, Cohen was a member of the American College Tax Counsel, American Judicature Society, D.C. Bar Association, New York State Bar Association, Order of the Coif, Raven Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Epsilon, and Phi Epsilon Pi, among many others.\n  \n  Mr. Cohen died on January 12, 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the Edwin S. Cohen papers document his position as assistant secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy and as under secretary of the Treasury for the Nixon administration.  In addition there is considerable documentation of his work in private practice in New York and Washington, DC, and teaching at UVA Law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe organization of the collection reflects its original folder headings and arrangement, as well as the sequence in which it was transferred to the library.  The files are divided in eight series:  the first six relate to Cohen's tenure in the Treasury Department; the seventh concerns teaching and law practice in general; and the eighth (and earliest) series of documents concerns the area of his law practice devoted to the mutual fund industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The vast majority of the Edwin S. Cohen papers document his position as assistant secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy and as under secretary of the Treasury for the Nixon administration.  In addition there is considerable documentation of his work in private practice in New York and Washington, DC, and teaching at UVA Law.","The organization of the collection reflects its original folder headings and arrangement, as well as the sequence in which it was transferred to the library.  The files are divided in eight series:  the first six relate to Cohen's tenure in the Treasury Department; the seventh concerns teaching and law practice in general; and the eighth (and earliest) series of documents concerns the area of his law practice devoted to the mutual fund industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Investment Company Institute","National Association of Investment Companies","United States. Department of Treasury","United States. Department of Treasury. Internal Revenue Service"],"names_coll_ssim":["Investment Company Institute","National Association of Investment Companies","United States. Department of Treasury","United States. Department of Treasury. Internal Revenue Service","Cohen, Edwin S., 1914-2006"],"persname_ssim":["Cohen, Edwin S., 1914-2006"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Investment Company Institute","National Association of Investment Companies","United States. Department of Treasury","United States. Department of Treasury. Internal Revenue Service","Cohen, Edwin S., 1914-2006"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1007,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:57.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_95_c11"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a], 1940/1982","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers (six linear feet in 12 boxes) contains the bulk of the records documenting his nine years on the International Court of Justice. Included are files on the cases brought to the ICJ from 1970 to 1979, as well as extensive records concerning the Beagle Channel Case heard by a Court of Arbitration on which Dillard served from 1971 to 1977. The files for each ICJ case contain memoranda and notes in addition to assorted annotated documents for most of them. Dillard was chairman of the ICJ Rules Revision Committee in the mid-70's, and that work is documented. Finally, there are miscellaneous ICJ documents, general memoranda, and correspondence. The correspondence (20 folders) here, as in the earlier gift, contains letters from personal as well as professional acquaintances; some frequent correspondents included Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga, Richard Baxter, Gerald Fitzmaurice and Phillip Jessup. Judge Dillard did much of his thinking on paper in memoranda to himself and to his colleagues on the Court. Consequently, there is substantial commentary on arguments of cases, as well as formulation of positions he felt the Court should take. The Beagle Channel Case is the most thoroughly documented, filling almost four boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","parent_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_64"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a]","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a]"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a], 1940/1982"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [a], 1940/1982","Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981","The addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers (six linear feet in 12 boxes) contains the bulk of the records documenting his nine years on the International Court of Justice.  Included are files on the cases brought to the ICJ from 1970 to 1979, as well as extensive records concerning the Beagle Channel Case heard by a Court of Arbitration on which Dillard served from 1971 to 1977.  The files for each ICJ case contain memoranda and notes in addition to assorted annotated documents for most of them.  Dillard was chairman of the ICJ Rules Revision Committee in the mid-70's, and that work is documented.  Finally, there are miscellaneous ICJ documents, general memoranda, and correspondence.  The correspondence (20 folders) here, as in the earlier gift, contains letters from personal as well as professional acquaintances; some frequent correspondents included Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga, Richard Baxter, Gerald Fitzmaurice and Phillip Jessup.  Judge Dillard did much of his thinking on paper in memoranda to himself and to his colleagues on the Court.  Consequently, there is substantial commentary on arguments of cases, as well as formulation of positions he felt the Court should take.  The Beagle Channel Case is the most thoroughly documented, filling almost four boxes."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1982"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":567,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":43,"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers (six linear feet in 12 boxes) contains the bulk of the records documenting his nine years on the International Court of Justice.  Included are files on the cases brought to the ICJ from 1970 to 1979, as well as extensive records concerning the Beagle Channel Case heard by a Court of Arbitration on which Dillard served from 1971 to 1977.  The files for each ICJ case contain memoranda and notes in addition to assorted annotated documents for most of them.  Dillard was chairman of the ICJ Rules Revision Committee in the mid-70's, and that work is documented.  Finally, there are miscellaneous ICJ documents, general memoranda, and correspondence.  The correspondence (20 folders) here, as in the earlier gift, contains letters from personal as well as professional acquaintances; some frequent correspondents included Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga, Richard Baxter, Gerald Fitzmaurice and Phillip Jessup.  Judge Dillard did much of his thinking on paper in memoranda to himself and to his colleagues on the Court.  Consequently, there is substantial commentary on arguments of cases, as well as formulation of positions he felt the Court should take.  The Beagle Channel Case is the most thoroughly documented, filling almost four boxes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers (six linear feet in 12 boxes) contains the bulk of the records documenting his nine years on the International Court of Justice.  Included are files on the cases brought to the ICJ from 1970 to 1979, as well as extensive records concerning the Beagle Channel Case heard by a Court of Arbitration on which Dillard served from 1971 to 1977.  The files for each ICJ case contain memoranda and notes in addition to assorted annotated documents for most of them.  Dillard was chairman of the ICJ Rules Revision Committee in the mid-70's, and that work is documented.  Finally, there are miscellaneous ICJ documents, general memoranda, and correspondence.  The correspondence (20 folders) here, as in the earlier gift, contains letters from personal as well as professional acquaintances; some frequent correspondents included Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga, Richard Baxter, Gerald Fitzmaurice and Phillip Jessup.  Judge Dillard did much of his thinking on paper in memoranda to himself and to his colleagues on the Court.  Consequently, there is substantial commentary on arguments of cases, as well as formulation of positions he felt the Court should take.  The Beagle Channel Case is the most thoroughly documented, filling almost four boxes."],"_nest_path_":"/components#346","timestamp":"2026-08-06T00:00:55.797Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_64.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133216","title_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers"],"title_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1878-1984","1925-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1925-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"text":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981","MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64","1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia","These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand.","Arthur J. 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Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Hardy Cross Dillard were donated in nine installments, the first deposited at the Law Library by Dillard beginning in 1963. His widow, Valgerdur N. 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VA  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review                         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News                             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Recipient, Raven Award \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMcClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation\u003c/emph\u003e, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAlmond v. Day\u003c/emph\u003e, on which he worked during the early sixties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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McDougal, Charlotte Kohler and Eberhard Deutsch, and occasional correspondents are such prominent figures as Robert Kennedy, Dean Rusk, John Stennis and George Kennan. Other legal scholars with whom Dillard corresponded include Lon Fuller, Arnold Wolfers and John Bassett Moore. These papers also contains several of Dillard's speeches, most of which deal with international relations. Several files pertain to his law practice, including the Almond v. Day case. Finally, several folders document Dillard's activities in university and alumni organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c350#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c350","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c350"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64_c350","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","parent_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_64"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [d]","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [d]"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [d]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [d], 1917/1971"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of Hardy Cross Dillard [d], 1917/1971","Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981","The bulk of this addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers consists of his correspondence with personal as well as professional acquaintances for the years 1910-1971.  Frequent correspondents include Phillip Jessup, Myres S. McDougal, Charlotte Kohler and Eberhard Deutsch, and occasional correspondents are such prominent figures as Robert Kennedy, Dean Rusk, John Stennis and George Kennan.  Other legal scholars with whom Dillard corresponded include Lon Fuller, Arnold Wolfers and John Bassett Moore.  These papers also contains several of Dillard's speeches, most of which deal with international relations.  Several files pertain to his law practice, including the Almond v. Day case.  Finally, several folders document Dillard's activities in university and alumni organizations."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1971"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":618,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":47,"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the library by his daughter, Joan Dillard, in March of 1990."],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers consists of his correspondence with personal as well as professional acquaintances for the years 1910-1971.  Frequent correspondents include Phillip Jessup, Myres S. McDougal, Charlotte Kohler and Eberhard Deutsch, and occasional correspondents are such prominent figures as Robert Kennedy, Dean Rusk, John Stennis and George Kennan.  Other legal scholars with whom Dillard corresponded include Lon Fuller, Arnold Wolfers and John Bassett Moore.  These papers also contains several of Dillard's speeches, most of which deal with international relations.  Several files pertain to his law practice, including the Almond v. Day case.  Finally, several folders document Dillard's activities in university and alumni organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of this addition to the Hardy Cross Dillard Papers consists of his correspondence with personal as well as professional acquaintances for the years 1910-1971.  Frequent correspondents include Phillip Jessup, Myres S. McDougal, Charlotte Kohler and Eberhard Deutsch, and occasional correspondents are such prominent figures as Robert Kennedy, Dean Rusk, John Stennis and George Kennan.  Other legal scholars with whom Dillard corresponded include Lon Fuller, Arnold Wolfers and John Bassett Moore.  These papers also contains several of Dillard's speeches, most of which deal with international relations.  Several files pertain to his law practice, including the Almond v. Day case.  Finally, several folders document Dillard's activities in university and alumni organizations."],"_nest_path_":"/components#349","timestamp":"2026-08-06T00:00:55.797Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_64","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_64.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133216","title_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers"],"title_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1878-1984","1925-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1925-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"text":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981","MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64","1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia","These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"collection_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Hardy Cross Dillard were donated in nine installments, the first deposited at the Law Library by Dillard beginning in 1963. His widow, Valgerdur N. Dillard, donated further papers on 31 October 1984."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review                         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News                             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Recipient, Raven Award \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMcClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation\u003c/emph\u003e, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAlmond v. Day\u003c/emph\u003e, on which he worked during the early sixties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia","These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"collection_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Hardy Cross Dillard were donated in nine installments, the first deposited at the Law Library by Dillard beginning in 1963. His widow, Valgerdur N. Dillard, donated further papers on 31 October 1984."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review                         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News                             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Recipient, Raven Award \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMcClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation\u003c/emph\u003e, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAlmond v. Day\u003c/emph\u003e, on which he worked during the early sixties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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Colonel, same year","1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal","1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army","1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government","1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College","1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution","1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School","1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve","1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College","1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College","1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany","1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College","1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School","1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University","1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School","1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College","1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News","1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law","1957 - Recipient, Raven Award","1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France","1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School","1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces","1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo","1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University","1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law","1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute","1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission","1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy","1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy","1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia","1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia","1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law","1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School","1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University","1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision","1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force","1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague","1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard","1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina","1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University","1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent","1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland","1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University","1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University","1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute","1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia","These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"collection_ssim":["Hardy Cross Dillard papers, 1878/1984, bulk 1925/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.84.8","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/64"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Hardy Cross Dillard were donated in nine installments, the first deposited at the Law Library by Dillard beginning in 1963. His widow, Valgerdur N. Dillard, donated further papers on 31 October 1984."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["41 Cubic Feet 99 archival boxes, plus some oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review                         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. Colonel, same year  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942-1945 - Received command and staff assignments in Europe and Far East; awarded Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster and Bronze Star Medal  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943 - Promoted to Colonel, U.S. Army  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1943-1944 - Director of Academic Instruction, School for Military Government \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946 - First Director of Studies, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947-1950 - Consultant, Brookings Institution  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1947 - Resumed teaching at University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948 - Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949-1952 - Member of Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949 - Member, Civilian Advisory Group, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950 - Active duty in International Section, Pentagon; Legal Consultant, Office of High Commissioner for Germany; Lecturer, France and Germany  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1951-1954 - Member, Board of Consultants, National War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952-1961 - Trustee, Virginia Episcopal School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1953 - Fulbright Lecturer, Oxford University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Summer active duty, Judge Advocate General's School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956 - Civilian Consultant, Army War College  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1956-1962 - Editor, Virginia Bar News                             \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Carnegie Lecturer, Hague Academy of International Law   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Recipient, Raven Award \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957 - Consultant, NATO Defense College in France  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958-1970 - James Monroe Professor of Law, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Secretary, Defense Committee on Non-technical Instruction in Armed Forces  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962 - Lecturer, Egyptian Society of International Law and University of Cairo  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1962-1963 - President, American Society of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1979 -Member of Council, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1963-1968 - Dean, University of Virginia Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Virginia Magna Charta Commission  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1965 - Member, Special Advisory Committee, Air Force Academy  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966-1970 - Permanent Advisory Council, Air Force Academy \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1966 - Sibley Lecturer, University of Georgia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Recipient, Thomas Jefferson Award, University of Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Member, UNESCO Committee on the Role of UNESCO in the Teaching and Dissemination of International Law  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Tucker Lecturer, Washington and Lee Law School  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1967 - Bailey Lecturer, Louisiana State University \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968 - Member, Virginia Commission on Constitution Revision \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Recipient of Distinguished Civilian Award, U.S. Air Force  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970-1979 - Judge, International Court of Justice, The Hague  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1970 - Death of Janet Schauffler Dillard  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Member, Arbitral Tribunal, Beagle Channel Case between Chile and Argentina  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Tulane University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1972 - Married Valgerdur Nielsen Dent  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976 - Recipient of Honorary Degree, Washington College, Maryland  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977 - Mooers Lecturer, American University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Recipient of the Wolfgang Friedman Memorial Award, Columbia University  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979 - Honorary president, American Law Institute  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1982 - Died on 12 May in Charlottesville, Virginia  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1902 - Born in New Orleans, Louisiana on 23 October to James Hardy and Avarene Lippincott Budd Dillard","1911-1912 - Lived in France and attended a French Lycee","1915-1916 - Attended high school in Charlottesville, Virginia","1916-1919 - Attended and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School, Lynchburg, Va.","1919-1920 - Attended University of Virginia","1920-1924 - Attended and graduated from United States Military Academy","1924-1927 - Attended and graduated from University of Virginia Law School","1926 - Summer law clerk, Price, Smith and Spillman, Charleston, W. VA","1927 - Admitted to Virginia Bar","1927-1929 - Acting Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1928 - Travelled in England, France, Italy, and Algiers","1929-1930 - Practiced law at Gregg and Church, New York, NY","1930-1931 - Carnegie Endowment Fellow, (Faculte de droit,) University of Paris","1931-1933 - Acting assistant (associate?) professor, University of   Virginia Law School","1932-1933 - Summer associate, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, Gardiner and Reed, New York, NY","1933-1938 - Associate Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1934 - Married Janet Gray Schauffler","1935 - Birth of Joan Jarvis Dillard","1937-1940 - Assistant Dean, University of Virginia Law School","1937-1970 - Advisory Editor, Virginia Quarterly Review","1938-1970 - Professor, University of Virginia Law School","1937 - Birth of Hardy Schauffler Dillard","1938-1942 - Director, Institute of Public Affairs","1942 - Major, U.S. Army; promoted to Lt. 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There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMcClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation\u003c/emph\u003e, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAlmond v. Day\u003c/emph\u003e, on which he worked during the early sixties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These professional and personal papers that reflect Dillard's career as law professor and dean of the University of Virginia School of Law, as a scholar, and as judge to the International Court of Justice.  There are University related files especially concerning the honor system; case materials for McClanahan v. California Spray-Chemical Corporation, case he argued before the Virginia Supreme Court; his work in the International Court of Justice and other local organizations and some personal notes related to school segregation. The collection has many photographs and memorabilia.","The papers in Mss 84-8 were donated in nine installments. The earliest records were bound volumes of notes Dillard took as a law student (1925-27; 1930-31) and worked from as a beginning teacher.  He gave the bound volumes to the library in 1963, along with the case files for Almond v. Day, on which he worked during the early sixties.","The deposit transferred by Dillard's wife Valgerdur N. Dillard after his death fell into three groupings.  The oldest were subject files (ca. 1930-1960) comprised of personal and professional correspondence, teaching materials, and law practice files.  Next were another set of subject files, identical in nature to the first, but maintained primarily while Dillard was dean from 1963 to 1969. Finally, there were the correspondence files, already mentioned, which Dillard kept himself, and some of his Court files which were in labelled folders.","To avoid confusion the two sets of subject files have been integrated into one alphabetical group, Series I.  Researchers should keep in mind that the large run of personal correspondence (80 folders, 1925-81) contains information about his professional life, to a limited extent from the early years and markedly so from the later ones.  Since this loose definition of personal correspondence was established by Dillard and his secretaries at the Law School, it was followed for the later, unfiled correspondence.  No new subject files were created.  Consequently, in the later personal correspondence files one can expect to find, for example, letters to and from Phillip Jessup on matters of international law or the American Society of International Law.","The speeches and writings were isolated and arranged alphabetically by title or subject. The folders contain whatever related material was found with the piece.  These files, comprising Series II, are especially revealing of the way Dillard worked. He was a popular teacher and speaker whose anecdotes and paradigms seemed to flow spontaneously, but his papers show this was not entirely the case, for his lectures and speeches were always carefully designed and organized. He loved words, beautifully written sentences, and well-formed ideas.  Articles, speeches, opinions, and even some letters went through many drafts handwritten in pencil on legal pads.  A frequent annotator with a lovely, fluid long-hand, he read most things with a pencil or pen in his hand."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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