{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Republikaner+%28Political+party%29","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Republikaner+%28Political+party%29\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"East German poster collection political series","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thomas Hill\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00081.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series\n"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series\n"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169\n"],"text":["C0169\n","East German poster collection political series","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)","The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","German\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"language_ssim":["German\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:55:14.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00081.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series\n"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series\n"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169\n"],"text":["C0169\n","East German poster collection political series","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)","The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","German\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  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Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill\n","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"language_ssim":["German\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:55:14.989Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Republikaner+%28Political+party%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Republikaner+%28Political+party%29"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"East German poster collection 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