{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Max+Rambod\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Max+Rambod\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1922.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241722","title_filing_ssi":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph","title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"text":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922","African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection is open for research.","James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.","Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)","This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 4 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. 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Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudents moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCELEBRATION\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:02.842Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1922","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1922.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241722","title_filing_ssi":"Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph","title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"text":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950","MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922","African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection is open for research.","James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.","Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)","This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16965","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1922"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 4 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American schools","African American women","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudents moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCELEBRATION\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African-Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author and orator. The school moved to a newly constructed building in 1924 and for decades was Norfolk's only public high school for black students. Its programs were central to the community. In 1939-1940, faculty members Aline Black and Melvin Alston pursued legal action that led to a federal court decision requiring salary equalization for black and white teachers. In Sept. 1963, students marched to protest poor facilities. Norfolk implemented a desegregation plan in 1970, and the school moved into a new building here in 1974.https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=130360","Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans in 1917.https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/in-session-norfolk-high-school-rich-in-black-history/291-6b3ddbe3-8c53-4e2c-a8c0-be7129bc899e","Dr. Vivian Monroe-Hester graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1965 and is a local wealth of knowledge.","As she tells it, the school began as Mission College when a group of religious women decided to help educate African-American children after the Civil War.","After the turn of the century, David Gilbert Jacox wanted to expand to a full high school and helped transform the school into what it is today. In 1917, Booker T. Washington High School became Virginia's first accredited public high school for African Americans.","The original building, which lacked a cafeteria, was nicknamed \"the factory\" because of its appearance. Though lacking in aesthetics, the school still had top-notch educators.","\"The teachers were excellent in preparing the students for the world,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said. \"We were always taught that we had to be better.\"","In 1939, Science teacher Aline Black went to court to try and gain equal pay for African-American teachers. According to historic documents, Black was earning $1,045 annually whereas white teachers in the high schools teaching the same chemistry science class were paid $2,100.","Black lost her job during the process but her fight paid off. The Supreme Court in 1940 upheld a lower court ruling that teacher salaries fell under 14th Amendment protection. Black was rehired at Booker T. Washington High School and African American teachers received equal pay.","In 1949, the school's band performed in the inauguration parade for President Harry S. Truman.","During the 60s and 70s, Dr. Monroe-Hester said students participated in several marches at City Hall to protest the city's attempt to change the school name and move locations.","\"To now take our name and move our heritage away from us and at that time, there were other black high schools in the state of Virginia that lost their heritage because they turned them into elementary schools or tore them down or made them administrative buildings and we did not want that to happen to Booker T. Washington High School,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Students moved into today's present-day building in 1974, located at 111 Park Avenue.","\"As of today, we have Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk and Norcom High School in Portsmouth. Out of all the cities, we are the only two African-American high schools left in the state of Virginia,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she and other alumni are still fighting to improve the school's quality of education while trying to maintain its history and place in the Norfolk community.","\"We're working towards keeping it a central part of Norfolk's community and of course, the black community,\" said Glynis Mason, a 1972 graduate.","Dr. Monroe-Hester said she takes issue with the school being considered a School of the Arts. She said that doesn't make it easy for students when marketing themselves for the workforce.","\"We've been talking with leaders in the city, and the proposal has been that we move to a CTE curriculum which will bring in technology, the arts, the mathematics, the science,\" she said.","Recently, the state awarded Booker T. Washington High School a historic highway marker.","\"Our biggest struggle is still to maintain our history, maintain our legacy that we had and support of the city is what we continue to ask for, the city and the school board,\" Dr. Monroe-Hester said.","CELEBRATION","The school will celebrate its 102nd anniversary February 23 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Booker T. Washington High School and later that evening from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Half Moone at Nauticus."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16965, Booker T. Washington Night School Sewing Graduating Class of 1950 photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related collection: MSS 15389 (Boxed with MSS 15275)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a class-composite photograph documenting the graduating class of 1950 from the Sewing Program of the Booker T. Washington Night School in Norfolk, Virginia. The composite features formal studio portrait vignettes of more than seventy graduates, nearly all African American women, arranged in rows around a central image of the Booker T. Washington High School building and photographs of faculty and administrators. Each student is identified by name under their image. The image was taken by Modern Arts Studio, a professional photo studio on Church Street in Norfolk.","The poster highlights the gender and racial dimensions of vocational schooling in segregated communities: sewing programs like this one prepared Black women for both waged labor and domestic economic independence at a time when discrimnatory hiring practices sharply limited available occupations. The inclusion of male faculty and a handful of male graduates underscores the community-based, intergenerational nature of the school.","Produced during the Jim Crow era, the poster captures a vivid moment in Black vocational and adult education, when night schools served as crucial sites of opportunity for working class African American women seeking skilled training in domestic arts, tailoring, and garment work."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Modern Arts Studio (Norfolk, Va.)","Booker T. Washington High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Norfolk (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:02.842Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1922"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"text":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"text":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990","MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of African American Children photographs, 1950/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1554.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190889","title_filing_ssi":"African American Women in Chicago","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1954"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1942-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"text":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554","Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs","Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm","This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod, Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1554","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1554.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190889","title_filing_ssi":"African American Women in Chicago","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1954"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1942-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"text":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954","MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554","Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs","Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm","This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Women in Chicago, 1942/1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16797","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1554"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod, Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Young adults","African Americans","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Flower Technical High School for Girls (Flower Tech), constructed in 1927, is significant as the only all-girl public school and the only female vocational school in Chicago's history. The school, is located in the residential Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.  Flower Tech was the only high school in Chicago run by a female superintendent, principal, and all-female faculty that catered to an entirely female student body. By combining home economics with technical training for the female workforce, the curriculum at Flower Tech exposed the paradox of women's high school education in 20th century America by offering gendered coursework for work in the home and the factory. As Chicago's only open-enrollment high school for girls, Flower Tech created an unparalleled education experience for African American, Anglo-American, and immigrant female students to study alongside one another. Flower Tech not only furthered career and college ambitions, but provided many students one of their only racially-integrated experiences in an otherwise segregated city.","Sources:\nLucy Flower Technical High School for Girls. National Park Service. Accessed 27 June 2023.\nhttps://www.nps.gov/places/lucy-flower-technical-high-school-for-girls.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16797, African American Women in Chicago, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-one photographs of young Black women in Chicago in 1940s-1950s.","The photographs document the youth of a young woman named Bea and several of her friends Nedra, Vera, and others. Included are class photographs from Forestville Elementary School and Lucy Flower Technical High School. Flower Tech was an integrated school for girls. There are photographs of their prom, jazz clubs, and the girls out on dates, celebrating, and having fun. The jazz club featured, is the Club De Lisa, which showcased many well-known performers in the era, such as Count Basie, Sun Ra, and many more, before its closure in 1958. There is a photograph taken at the Thumboogie located near Hyde Park, which featured jazz, bebop, soul, and Rhythm and Blues. It's co-owner was Joe Louis in the 1940's.  Bea's friend, Vera is in a photograph dressed in a burlesque costume \"Backstage at the Howard Theater in January 1953.\"","Some photographs are in partial album pages with captions; others are loose, usually with annotations on the back. Most are black and white silver gelatin prints.","Also included is a single page with drawings of a woman in a gown on the recto and verso with notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1554"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jean Schroeder papers, 1939/1951","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196328","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Jean, papers","title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1939-1951"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1939-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers, 1939/1951"],"text":["Jean Schroeder papers, 1939/1951","MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645","Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans","The collection is open for research use.","Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).","Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.","This collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.","It contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother.","The archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. 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Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. 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Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. 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Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196328","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Jean, papers","title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1939-1951"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1939-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers, 1939/1951"],"text":["Jean Schroeder papers, 1939/1951","MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645","Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans","The collection is open for research use.","Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. 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Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. 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