{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=382"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":382,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":3820,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1931.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196059","title_ssm":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931"],"text":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931","Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History","No special access restriction applies.","Ada Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.","In 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.","During World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.","Mrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.","Gene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.","Layne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army.","Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.","\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.","\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.","\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Haldeman family","Ford family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Taylor County (W. 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(2 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 records carton, 15 in.); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 unboxed artifact, 9 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAda Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLayne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.","In 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.","During World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.","Mrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.","Gene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.","Layne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3537, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers, A\u0026M 3537, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.","\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.","\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.","\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8d72c87fde9a271f76684be954081fb\"\u003ePapers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_adb518dd2cfa9742576e19535ea7b2b4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Haldeman family","Ford family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ford family","Haldeman family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"famname_ssim":["Haldeman family","Ford family"],"persname_ssim":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:47.336Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1931.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196059","title_ssm":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931"],"text":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931","Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History","No special access restriction applies.","Ada Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.","In 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.","During World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.","Mrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.","Gene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.","Layne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army.","Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.","\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.","\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.","\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Haldeman family","Ford family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3537","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","Haldeman family"],"creator_ssim":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","Haldeman family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Haldeman family"],"creators_ssim":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979","Haldeman family"],"places_ssim":["Taylor County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- United States -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 records carton, 15 in.); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 unboxed artifact, 9 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 records carton, 15 in.); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 unboxed artifact, 9 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAda Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLayne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ada Haldeman Ford (1883-1979) was born in Minnesota and raised in Thornton, West Virginia. She received a teaching certificate from Fairmont Normal at the young age of sixteen and taught 3 to 4 years. She also worked as a secretary. In 1909 she married Gene Worth Ford. They had one son, Layne Haldeman Ford.","In 1916, Mrs. Ford helped to organize the Women's Suffrage League in Taylor County, serving as president, and became a recognized state leader in the campaign for ratification of the 19th amendment. After ratification she helped establish the first Democratic Women's Committee and was the first woman from Taylor County to be elected to the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1924-1936. Mrs. Ford was appointed the first Register of Vital Statistics in Taylor County.","During World War I, Ada H. Ford was a 'Four Minute Woman,' a speaker for the purchase of Liberty Bonds. She sold $40,000 worth of bonds in one meeting. Other war contributions included 18 hand knit sweaters and numerous socks.","Mrs. Ford was a published author of short stories and poems, and a reporter for several newspapers. She died in 1979, in Grafton, West Virginia.","Gene Worth Ford (1878-1950) was the husband of Ada Haldeman Ford for 41 years. He had a distinguished career in law, serving 2 terms as Prosecuting Attorney of Taylor County, attorney for the city of Grafton and for several banks. He was active in community service and he received the Selective Service Medal, awarded by Congress for his services as an appeal agent in the system.","Layne Haldeman Ford (1910-1988), son of Ada Haldeman Ford, was a well known attorney. He held a number of state and federal positions in Charleston, Martinsburg, and Clarksburg. During World War II, Layne Ford served in the Army Signal Corp, mostly with the 12th Tactical Air Command. He was awarded five Battle Stars for involvement in campaigns from North Africa and Italy to Germany. He was attached to the French Army during the Alsace-Lorraine campaign under General LeClerc, as communications specialists and received a Personal Citation from the French Army."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3537, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ada Haldeman Ford, Suffragist, Papers, A\u0026M 3537, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940.","\nHer reminiscence describes how the grassroots suffrage organization in Taylor County began, struggled, and grew to a politically influential force in both the county and state. Several newspaper clippings from the period supplement this history, following state-wide efforts to ratify the 19th amendment.","\nThe reminiscence by Mrs. Ford's son, Layne H. Ford, tells of his memories as a six year old during Taylor County Suffragists' most active time of speeches, meetings, fund raising, and lobbying. He describes the campaign in the U.S. as 'non-violent,' working within the political system to change the law, contrasting it to England's suffrage movement which experienced confrontations with police.","\nThere are detailed genealogies of the Haldeman and Ford families dating back to 1718, and several photographs of family and friends (circa 1860-1983)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8d72c87fde9a271f76684be954081fb\"\u003ePapers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Ada Haldeman Ford, women's suffragist of Taylor County, West Virginia. Includes reminiscence, letters, and clippings documenting Ada Haldeman Ford's active role as a suffragist in Taylor County through 1920. There are also clippings and other materials regarding political matters dating through 1970. There are photographs and genealogies regarding the Ford and Haldeman families, and a collection of books (including bibles, foreign language textbooks, poetry, etc.). Artifacts include suffrage-era 48-star U.S. flags scaled to a size convenient for hand portability. These flags were labeled as the property of the Women's Democratic Club and Daughter's of Democracy, circa 1925-1940. Also includes a model of an engine (2 in. x 3 in. x 8 in.) invented by Daniel Haldeman, Ada Ford's grandfather."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_adb518dd2cfa9742576e19535ea7b2b4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Haldeman family","Ford family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ford family","Haldeman family","Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"famname_ssim":["Haldeman family","Ford family"],"persname_ssim":["Ford, Ada Haldeman, 1883-1979"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:47.336Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1931"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","English \n.    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The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"collection_ssim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"creators_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was purchased by the Department in 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adam Empie Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7765.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Empie, Adam Papers","title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1811-2004","1811-1850"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1811-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1811-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"text":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765","Adam Empie Papers","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.","Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.","Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creators_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 82 items, of Adam E. Potts on 02/13/1959. Gift, 3 items, of Mrs. Adam E. Potts in 12/1969. Mss. 1979.13 gift of Ralph James. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"date_range_isim":[1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:09:55.097Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7765","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7765.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Empie, Adam Papers","title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1811-2004","1811-1850"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1811-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1811-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"text":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765","Adam Empie Papers","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.","Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.","Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.","Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.","Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 Em7","/repositories/2/resources/7765"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adam Empie Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"creators_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 82 items, of Adam E. Potts on 02/13/1959. Gift, 3 items, of Mrs. Adam E. Potts in 12/1969. Mss. 1979.13 gift of Ralph James. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--Presidents","Episcopal Church--Virginia--Clergy--19th century","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Engravings (Prints)","Poems","Silhouettes"],"date_range_isim":[1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adam Empie was born September 5, 1785 in Schenectady, New York. He was educated at Union College in Schenectady. He served St. George's Church in Hempstead on Long Island, NY and St. James Parish, Wilmington. He was chaplain and professor at the United States Military Academy. He was president of the College of William and Mary, 1827-1836. He resigned to be rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Richmond. ","See the SCRC Wiki for more information about Adam Empie: http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Adam_Empie."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was made part of this collection on 12/15/2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adam Empie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Mss. 2010.360 was accessioned as part of the backlog by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2010. Mss. 1979.13 processed by Lisa Sparks Carpenter, American Studies Intern, in November 2010. Acc. 2011.710 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1821-1979, of and concerning Adam Empie, the president of the College of William and Mary and his family. Includes account book, 1829-1831, of Adam Empie and copy of his will as well as four letters, undated, from Sarah Moore Grimke to Anna Eliza (Wright) Empie as well as a commonplace book, undated; poems; engravings; flower illustrations, sketches and silhouettes; and prayers.","The addition, Mss. 1979.13, includes papers of the Rev. Dr. Adam Empie's descendants, most prominently of Warren Seymour Lurty, Confederate captain, prisoner of war, and US District Attorney of western Virginia from 1877-1882.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2010.360, contains one letter of July 20, 1847 written by former College of William and Mary President Adam Empie sending his condolences for not being able to accept an invitation.","The addition, Mss. Acc. 2011.707, contains papers of and relating to Adam Empie, twelfth president of the College of William and Mary. The bulk of the collection consists of biographical information about Adam Empie. While most of the material consists of extracts and copies from official records and correspondence, there are a few original documents, including a Baccalaureate Sermon by Empie in 1832, as well as a letter from Rector John Tyler verifying he had administered the Oath of Office to Empie in 1828."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2011.707 was previously part of the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection and was added to this collection on 12/15/2011."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Empie, Adam, 1785-1860"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:09:55.097Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7765"}},{"id":"vifgm_rice","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adams T. Rice papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_rice#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_rice#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_rice#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_rice","ead_ssi":"vifgm_rice","_root_":"vifgm_rice","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_rice","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/rice.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/rice.html","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238"],"text":["C0238","Adams T. Rice papers","Actors--Photographs.","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Performing arts.","Theater--United States.","Scrapbooks.","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0238"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n"],"creators_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Adams T. Rice's daughter Olivia Hudson on October 11, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Actors--Photographs.","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Performing arts.","Theater--United States.","Scrapbooks."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Actors--Photographs.","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Performing arts.","Theater--United States.","Scrapbooks."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["2 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref45\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:50:41.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_rice","ead_ssi":"vifgm_rice","_root_":"vifgm_rice","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_rice","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/rice.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/rice.html","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238"],"text":["C0238","Adams T. Rice papers","Actors--Photographs.","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Performing arts.","Theater--United States.","Scrapbooks.","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0238"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adams T. 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EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_359.xml","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238","/repositories/2/resources/359"],"text":["C0238","/repositories/2/resources/359","Adams T. Rice papers","Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. 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EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efd0b3341aecb07369dde0fb21a7a439\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Rice papers","Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0238","/repositories/2/resources/359"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"creator_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"creators_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Adams T. Rice's daughter Olivia Hudson on October 11, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet (3 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efd0b3341aecb07369dde0fb21a7a439\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:26:58.476Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Addie K. Roadcap Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1661#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1661#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_8_resources_1661.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196659","title_ssm":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"title_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661"],"text":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661","Addie K. Roadcap Collection","The Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box.","Addie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone.","The Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. ","Among the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.","Among the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.","The following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album.","The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.0 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.0 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. ","Among the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.","Among the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.","The following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album."],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:53.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_8_resources_1661.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196659","title_ssm":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"title_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661"],"text":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661","Addie K. Roadcap Collection","The Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box.","Addie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone.","The Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. ","Among the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.","Among the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.","The following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album.","The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry","English"],"unitid_tesim":["2024-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1661"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Addie K. Roadcap Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.0 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.0 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Roadcap Collection is separated into three groups: documents and photographs related to her military service, non-military documents and photographs, and artifacts. Folders are ordered alphabetically by general subject category, then chronologically within each category. Miscellaneous artifacts are contained in a single box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Addie K. Roadcap (1905-1995), a native of Rockingham County, Virginia, and lifelong resident of Charlottesville, was a graduate of the University of Virginia School of Nursing. She worked as a private duty nurse, and in 1942 joined the Eighth Evacuation Hospital, a military mobile hospital unit established by University of Virginia doctors and nurses. The \"8th Evac\" was in existence from 1942 to 1945 and followed the Allied front lines in North Africa and the peninsula of Italy until the end of the war. Roadcap was a \"shock nurse,\" responsible for triaging and stabilizing patients immediately upon their arrival at the hospital, in general prior to surgery. She also handled patients in contagious wards, and in addition was responsible for shock ward maintenance and for packing and set-up when the hospital moved to a new location as the front advanced. Her diary observations give a detailed and evocative picture of military life for a mobile hospital nurse, alternatively quiet and frenetic, humorous and devastating. After the close of the war Roadcap joined the nursing staff of the University of Virginia Hospital, serving as a general duty nurse in the Internal Medicine Private Clinic. She was awarded a Bronze Star by the U.S. Army for meritorious service in a combat zone."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Addie K. Roadcap Collection contains two groups of materials. The first -- and larger -- group comprises Roadcap's service during World War Two as a nurse with the United States Army Eighth Evacuation Hospital. The second, smaller group comprises personal correspondence and photographs gathered throughout her life. These center mostly on her youth and young-adulthood in the 1920s and 1930s in the vicinity of Fulk's Run, Virginia, a community in the Allegheny foothills west of Broadway, in the Shenandoah Valley. ","Among the \"8th Evac\" Hospital materials is a complete set of military orders and other documents concerning Roadcap, largely dating from 1942 to 1946, and offer insights into the formation and management of the mobile hospital, along with the staff demobilization after the war. Also present is a collection of unidentified snapshot photographs of Roadcap's colleagues and camp life, a record largely duplicated by a scrapbook Roadcap put together after the war, also present in the collection. The most significant item, however, is a daily diary kept by Roadcap during the entire period of her military service, from 12 July 1942 to 18 October 1945, detailing the full range of camp activities as a member of the nursing corps -- both personal and professional. The diary is a bound volume in which each page is headed by the day and month with sufficient space below the date-heading for a succession of yearly entries: for example, the July 13 date page contains entries for 1942, 1943, 1944 and 1945. Unfortunately, pervading damp occurring long after the war severely injured the diary, diluting ink and sticking together the first thirty pages -- containing the January entries for each year. Although the object itself is too fragile to be consulted, a nearly complete transcription is available to researchers as the PDF \"Roadcap Diary,\" and as of this writing (2024) is stored in the History Center shared drive \"Finding Aids\" folder. Roadcap also assembled an \"8th Evac\" photograph album that was even more severely deteriorated by dampness. It has been retained in the collection pending analysis for conservation, but at present cannot be consulted.","Among the non-military personal items are pages from a photograph album that include superb shots of mountain life in the 1920s and 1930s, with a particular highlight of the road crew and construction work for an unidentified highway, most likely the Blue Ridge Parkway and Skyline Drive federal road projects. Also present is a folder of correspondence from Roadcap in the early 1980s concerning inadequate nursing-home care for her elderly sister.","The following items arriving with the collection were deemed unsalvageable on account of extreme deterioration from dampness. They were discarded:\n1) Pocket New Testament [publication information missing] Autograph annotation on front free end paper retained: \"Addie Roadcap; Broadway Va. Oct 3, 1927\"\n2) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n3) Book of Common Prayer of the Episcopal Church of the U.S.A., 1928 version;\n4) Maryknoll Sunday Missal, Vatican II Edition;\n5) George Hodges, \"The Episcopal Church: Its Doctrine, Ministry, Discipline, Worship, and Sacraments.\"\n6) Numerous pages from a family photograph album."],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:53.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1661"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Addison H. Smith papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_11.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/11","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Addison H., papers","title_ssm":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"title_tesim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1922; 1970","1917-1922"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1917-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1922; 1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11"],"text":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11","Addison H. Smith papers","Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder.","Addison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith.","The Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"collection_ssim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased 13 August 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.6 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.6 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["456 items"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Addison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:51.662Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_11.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/11","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Addison H., papers","title_ssm":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"title_tesim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1922; 1970","1917-1922"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1917-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1922; 1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11"],"text":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11","Addison H. Smith papers","Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder.","Addison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith.","The Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15056","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/11"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"collection_ssim":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased 13 August 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- United States -- Correspondence","diaries","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.6 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.6 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["456 items"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and subarranged chronologically within each folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Addison H. Smith enrolled in the United States Ambulance Service in 1917 at the age of twenty-two years old. He arrived in Italy in June 1918, and was transferred to the front in France in September 1918. Most of the letters he wrote were to his mother, Martha Smith."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Addison H. Smith papers (1917-1970; 1.6 cubic feet) includes many letters between 1917 and 1919 to Addison Smith's mother and his battlefield diary from 1918, which describes in vivid detail the voyage to Europe and his work as an ambulance driver in France. It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:51.662Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_11"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9693#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9693#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9693.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","title_ssm":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693"],"text":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut.","Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers were donated by the grandchildren of Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.75 Linear Feet 9 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.75 Linear Feet 9 Hollinger boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:06:24.079Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9693.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","title_ssm":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693"],"text":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut.","Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers were donated by the grandchildren of Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.75 Linear Feet 9 Hollinger boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.75 Linear Feet 9 Hollinger boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:06:24.079Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9693"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Administration records collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"text":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Administration records collection","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. 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Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. 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Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:54:54.334Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":54},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and 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