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Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:22.308Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_619"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film, 1942/1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film","title_ssm":["Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film"],"title_tesim":["Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film, 1942/1943"],"text":["Working Script - Unknown Soldier Film, 1942/1943","Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","Box 6","Folder 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1943"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1942 - 1943"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":40,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 6","Folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943],"_nest_path_":"/components#39","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_521.xml","title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"text":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521","Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs","Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions.","Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.","The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.","Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.","Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"unitid_tesim":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by the trustees of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers in 1988, and Wilva Breen and The Ohio State University in 1989. There were multiple accessions of materials throughout the 1990s. Additional materials were donated by Diana Lawrence and Mike Timoney in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on \u003cextptr href=\"http://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/4609\" title=\"Mason Archival Respository Service (MARS).\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.\u003c/p\u003e "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStrom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" title=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" title=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRiedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" title=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. (accessed December 12, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePart of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.\u003c/p\u003e "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0145\" title=\"Porgy and Bess poster collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0002\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0043\" title=\"Robert C. Schnitzer papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and many other \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#THEATRE\" title=\"performing arts collections.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://library.osu.edu/collections/spec.tri.rb\" title=\"Robert Breen and Wilva papers.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"ANTA West records.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ddb931edc4f44bf997d326b2923a7505\"\u003eR2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3014,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c40"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"O'Rourke, Nancy","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_704.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection","title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection"],"title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1935-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1935-1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"text":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943","C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704","Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids","New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets","There are no access restrictions.","Items are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements.","Caust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.","\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration.","The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.","In 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, and Federal Theatre Project photograph collection.","This collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.","The Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"","The miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture.","OS R 4, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"collection_ssim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704"],"unitid_tesim":["C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"geogname_ssim":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"places_ssim":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"creator_ssm":["O'Rourke, Nancy","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project"],"creator_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project"],"creator_persname_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"creators_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Nancy O'Rourke in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Puppets"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements.\u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eBritannica\u003c/title\u003e. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Caust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.","\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.","In 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWorks Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, C0512, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, C0512, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0153\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration oral histories collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0205\"\u003eFederal Theatre Project photograph collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, and Federal Theatre Project photograph collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.","The Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"","The miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a0528de26aee49d1f8aa3fbfda54d2e7\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_806f2478b96af11be580ce1b1f14b146\"\u003eOS R 4, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["OS R 4, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy"],"persname_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_704.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection","title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection"],"title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1935-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1935-1943"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"text":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943","C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704","Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids","New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets","There are no access restrictions.","Items are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements.","Caust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.","\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration.","The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.","In 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, and Federal Theatre Project photograph collection.","This collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.","The Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"","The miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture.","OS R 4, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"collection_ssim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, 1935/1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704"],"unitid_tesim":["C0512","/repositories/2/resources/704"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"geogname_ssim":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"places_ssim":["Philadelphia (Pa.)","United States -- History -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids"],"creator_ssm":["O'Rourke, Nancy","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project"],"creator_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project"],"creator_persname_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"creators_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Nancy O'Rourke in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939","Miniature furniture","Puppets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Puppets"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements.\u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are stored in two boxes based on medium and size requirements."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eBritannica\u003c/title\u003e. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Caust-Ellenbogen, Celia, and Sarah Leu. n.d. \"Philadelphia History Museum: WPA Museum Extension Project Photographs of Philadelphia.\" Philadelphia Area Archives. Accessed March 20, 2024. https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/SMREP_PHM.24.","\"Works Progress Administration (WPA).\" 2024. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Works-Progress-Administration."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was created in by Executive Order in 1935, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, as a work program for those facing unemployment as a result of the Great Depression. The WPA's stated purpose was to provide opportunities for unemployed workers to use and preserve their skills through public works projects, as well as arts and culture initiatives such as the Federal Arts Project, Federal Theatre Project, and Federal Writers' Project. Renamed the Works Projects Administration in 1939, its programs and projects provided work for approximately 8.5 million people over its eight years, coming to an end in 1943 with the boom in employment provided by the new wartime economy.","In 1935, soon after the establishment of the WPA, Pennsylvania began a Museum Extension Project, also known as the State-Wide Museum Extension, with the purpose of creating visual educational aids for classroom use. The Museum Extension Project employed artists, sculptors, and writers to create historic models, puppets, illustrated plates, and maps to be used throughout Pennsylvania's school districts, particularly those without easy access to the larger museums. The program had seven offices throughout the state, centered in Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia, with the latter office co-sponsored with the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Atwater Kent Museum (now known as the Philadelphia History Museum), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWorks Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, C0512, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project puppet and furniture collection, C0512, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0153\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration oral histories collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0205\"\u003eFederal Theatre Project photograph collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Works Progress Administration collections, including the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, and Federal Theatre Project photograph collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes a Benjamin Franklin puppet and 7 individual pieces of miniature wooden furniture.","The Benjamin Franklin puppet measures approximately 22 inches in length and includes a papier-mâché head, a rounded cap filled with straw, and some strings showing possible use as a marionette. The left foot is detached and placed inside the box next to the puppet. Label inside of jacket reads: \"State-Wide Museum Extension Philadelphia Unit W.P.A.\"","The miniature furniture pieces each measure approximately 6 inches or less in length and are mostly desks and tables, as well as one standing candelabra and a spinning wheel attached to a colorful fabric rug. One piece includes metal hinges and several pieces show signs of damage. Some pieces include labels with identification numbers or names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a0528de26aee49d1f8aa3fbfda54d2e7\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Works Progress Administration Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project Benjamin Franklin puppet and wooden furniture."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_806f2478b96af11be580ce1b1f14b146\"\u003eOS R 4, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["OS R 4, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy"],"persname_ssim":["O'Rourke, Nancy"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pennsylvania Museum Extension Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","United States. Works Progress Administration of Pennsylvania","O'Rourke, Nancy"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_704"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"World War II Era Items, 1942/1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c05","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c05"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c05","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","parent_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550"],"title_filing_ssi":"World War II Era Items","title_ssm":["World War II Era Items"],"title_tesim":["World War II Era Items"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Era Items, 1942/1946"],"text":["World War II Era Items, 1942/1946","Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1946"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":170,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_550.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jerome Epstein papers","title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"text":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550","Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","One of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view","Benjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection.","This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)","Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.","Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the and the .","The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.","R 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550"],"unitid_tesim":["C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by L. Claire Kincannon in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.0 linear ft. 23 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.0 linear ft. 23 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~13~13\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Please Send Food: A G.I.'s War in Italy,\" href=\"http://silverbox.gmu.edu/omeka-s/s/epstein/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection.\u003c/p\u003e "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["One of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view","Benjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJerome Epstein papers, C0262, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, C0262, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Leonard H. Clark military history collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0060\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Mary Elsie Fox photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0067\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThe collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5c30978c5ec70379699711e63534678c\"\u003eR 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["R 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:16.800Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_epstein","ead_ssi":"vifgm_epstein","_root_":"vifgm_epstein","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_epstein","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/epstein.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/epstein.html","title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"text":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","C0262","Letters.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks.","World War, 1939-1945.","Correspondence.","Negatives.","Newspapers.","Slides.","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-22)","Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942.\n\nAfter attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars.\n\nAfter returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.","Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the and the .","The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Leonard H. 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The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center.","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:16.800Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_epstein_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World War II Era Letters to Family, 1942/1944","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01","parent_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942/1946"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"World War II Era Letters to Family","title_ssm":["World War II Era Letters to Family"],"title_tesim":["World War II Era Letters to Family"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Era Letters to Family, 1942/1944"],"text":["World War II Era Letters to Family, 1942/1944","Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942/1946","Box 1","Folder 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942/1946"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942/1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1944"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June 1942, January-July 1944"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_550.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jerome Epstein papers","title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"text":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983","C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550","Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","One of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view","Benjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection.","This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)","Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.","Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the and the .","The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.","R 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome Epstein papers, 1943/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550"],"unitid_tesim":["C0262","/repositories/2/resources/550"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by L. Claire Kincannon in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Photographs","Slides (Photography)","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.0 linear ft. 23 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.0 linear ft. 23 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~13~13\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Please Send Food: A G.I.'s War in Italy,\" href=\"http://silverbox.gmu.edu/omeka-s/s/epstein/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection.\u003c/p\u003e "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["One of the scrapbooks in this collection was digitized and is available to view","Benjamin Brands was the 2018 L. Claire Kincannon Intern at the Special Collections Research Center. His work culminated in the digital humanities project: which includes digitized and transcribed letters from this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-23)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942. After attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars. After returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJerome Epstein papers, C0262, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers, C0262, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. Finding aid edited by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Leonard H. Clark military history collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0060\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Mary Elsie Fox photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0067\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThe collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5c30978c5ec70379699711e63534678c\"\u003eR 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["R 50, C 5, S 2-5\n\nR 50, C 6, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":173,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_550_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes, 1942/1944","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","parent_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521"],"title_filing_ssi":"World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes","title_ssm":["World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes"],"title_tesim":["World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes, 1942/1944"],"text":["World War II Film Memorial Newsclippings and Notes, 1942/1944","Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","Box 15","Folder 17"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1944"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1942 - 1944"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":185,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 15","Folder 17"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944],"_nest_path_":"/components#184","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_521.xml","title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1834, 1933-2000s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"text":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000","C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521","Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs","Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions.","Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.","The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.","Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.","Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.","R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, 1831/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"unitid_tesim":["C0004","/repositories/2/resources/521"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Helsingør (Denmark)","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by the trustees of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers in 1988, and Wilva Breen and The Ohio State University in 1989. There were multiple accessions of materials throughout the 1990s. Additional materials were donated by Diana Lawrence and Mike Timoney in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ballet","Theater and society","Theater -- Europe -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- United States","World War, 1939-1945 -- Theater and the war","Theater programs","Experimental theater -- United States","Theater -- Europe","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Theater","Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["80.5 Linear Feet 207 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Box 35, Folder 12; Box 36, Folder 1; and Box 70, Folder 18 are restricted due to their physical fragility.","Box 89, Folder 8 and 9 are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSelections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on \u003cextptr href=\"http://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/4609\" title=\"Mason Archival Respository Service (MARS).\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room.\u003c/p\u003e "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selections from the Robert and Wilva Breen papers are also available digitally on","In 2009 and 2022 many of the audiotape reels found in this collection were converted to digital format and are available for use in the Special Collections Research Center's Reading Room."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was originally arranged by subject and then topic. Additional accessions were added and arranged in the order they arrived in Special Collections Research Center."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStrom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" title=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/02/obituaries/robert-breen-80-arts-executive-and-theatrical-producer-is-dead.html\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" title=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1990-04-05/news/mn-617_1_robert-breen\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRiedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" title=\"https://nypost.com/2017/03/28/this-theaters-chaotic-history-includes-a-titanic-survivor-the-tonight-show-and-porn/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. \u003cbibref\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e (accessed December 12, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Strom, Stephanie. \"Robert Breen, 80, Arts Executive And Theatrical Producer, Is Dead.\" Nytimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Oliver, Myrna. \"Robert Breen; Initiated Cultural Exchanges.\" Articles.latimes.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","Riedel, Michael. \"This theater's chaotic history includes a Titanic survivor, the 'Tonight' show and porn.\" Nypost.com. (accessed December 12, 2018).","ANTA West records (Collection 1965). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. (accessed December 12, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Breen, born December 26, 1909 in Hibbing, Minnesota, served as the Executive Secretary of the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) from 1946-1952, and was instrumental in much of the organization's success, both domestically and internationally. In addition to serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps, Breen had an extensive background in theater. Prior to joining ANTA, Breen founded a theater program at the College of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as established the Chicago unit for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project with his wife, Wilva Davis Breen. Wilva herself was instrumental in promoting and guiding ANTA's many and varied operations, and getting the organization off the ground. The Breens' apartment home - situated above the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY - served as ANTA's early headquarters. Davis Breen served as Breen's constant support and collaborator until he passed away on March 31, 1990.","The American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) was the United States' first national theater and dance organization, in the tradition of European national theaters. Originating in 1935 with a charter from the U.S. Congress, ANTA continued until 1966 when the National Endowment for the Arts came into being. ANTA was responsible for both the presentation of American theater in the U.S. and abroad.","Although officially formed in 1935, ANTA did not begin actual operation until 1946 due to a variety of factors, including the Great Depression and World War II. During the depression, federal funding was funnelled towards the Works Progress Administration's Federal Theatre Project, another national performing arts program. In addition to these setbacks, the ANTA board, comprised of prominent citizens and business leaders from outside the theater community, could not agree on the goals of ANTA. Eventually, Robert Breen and Robert Porterfield, two men with Army and theater backgrounds, took the reins of ANTA and initiated its revitalization. Porterfield and Breen developed ANTA's \"Foundation Plan,\" with the intention of having ANTA become the foundation for and driving force behind the stimulation of growth of American theater. The plan, successfully undertaken by Breen, Porterfield, and Breen's wife Wilva Davis Breen, called for a National Foundation to make loans and grants, insure theater projects against loss, as well as a National Service Bureau to provide technical assistance for acting companies, as well as a national clearing house for theater information. The plan was adopted by the ANTA Board in 1946.","Under the guidance of Breen, ANTA produced several projects in the U.S. with successful results during the postwar years. From 1946 - 1948, ANTA sponsored a series of plays called the Experimental Theatre. Its goal was to \"present new, interesting plays which would not see production on Broadway due to present high costs.\" Admittedly, the plays were \"not necessarily perfect\" but \"worthy of a trial production in a simplified fashion\" according to an ANTA letter offering subscription to the series, which included high profile playwrights and actors. During the late 1940s and early 1950s ANTA sponsored a number of drama festivals across the U.S., featuring well-known actors. ANTA also featured a televised production of short plays for NBC television. With the intention of promoting theater growth in the U.S. and showcasing new talent, ANTA produced, supported, and promoted theater projects all across the United States.","Internationally, ANTA promoted artistic exchange between the U.S. and Europe, and entertained American troops there. This was initiated with a 1949 tour of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" throughout Europe, produced by and starring Breen in the titular role. This tour famously culminated in a performance at Elsinore Castle in Denmark - the actual setting of the play. Perhaps ANTA's, as well as Breen's, greatest success came with the international tour of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" (produced with Blevins Davis), which toured from 1952-1956, visiting 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. ANTA also sponsored the American National Ballet Theatre's tour of Europe in 1950, performing in eighteen cities and eight countries. The tour lasted from August to December of 1950 and played to an audience of over 150,000, and was the first international tour of any American ballet company.","ANTA also produced a number of Broadway plays and musicals out of the formerly named Guild Hall Theatre, renamed the ANTA Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s. ANTA West, which grew out of the Greater Los Angeles Chapter of ANTA in 1957, promoted and facilitated the growth of theater in the Southern California region."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePart of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University.\u003c/p\u003e "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Part of the Robert and Wilva Breen papers was donated to The Ohio State University."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual material found in the found in the Robert and Wilva Breen papers. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert and Wilva Breen papers, C0004, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Jordan Patty. Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from 2017-2018. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in December 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0145\" title=\"Porgy and Bess poster collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0002\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0043\" title=\"Robert C. Schnitzer papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and many other \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/collections-subject.php#THEATRE\" title=\"performing arts collections.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://library.osu.edu/collections/spec.tri.rb\" title=\"Robert Breen and Wilva papers.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8fn1762/\" title=\"ANTA West records.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , the , and many other","The Ohio State University Libraries' Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute holds the","The UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization from 1944 through the 1950s. The collection also contains many photographs of theaters and theatrical performances from across the United States, including from Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters and shows, as well as numerous colleges, universities, high schools, and local children's theaters. The bulk of the collection originates from the 1940s - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert and Wilva Breen papers consists of correspondence, memoranda, newsclippings, photographs, notebooks, and audiovisual materials largely related to the creation and running of the American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), as well as Robert and Wilva Breen's long-term involvement with the organization. The bulk of the collection originates from 1933 - 2000s, with an outlier date of 1834 from an antique newspaper."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ddb931edc4f44bf997d326b2923a7505\"\u003eR2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["R2, C9, S3- C11, S7\nR3 C1 S1 - C2, S5\nOSR3, C4, S4\nMap Case 8.1-8.2, 9.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"persname_ssim":["Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Ballet Theater","American National Theatre and Academy","ANTA (Organization)","ANTA West (Organization)","Breen, Robert","Breen, Wilva","Porterfield, Robert, 1905-1971"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3014,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_521_c185"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_606","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"World War II Hawaii photograph album, 1942/1945","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_606#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. 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Photograph album made by a U.S. serviceman, most likely in the U.S. Army Air Force, that mostly shows locations in Oahu, Hawaii. The photographs date from 1942-1945, with the majority being taken between 1942 - 1943. The photos depict training at airfields on Oahu, including Wheeler Field and Bellows Field, as well as scenes of civilian life in Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii, and San Francisco and San Diego, California.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Content warning: Sexist and offensive language. Photograph album made by a U.S. serviceman, most likely in the U.S. Army Air Force, that mostly shows locations in Oahu, Hawaii. The photographs date from 1942-1945, with the majority being taken between 1942 - 1943. The photos depict training at airfields on Oahu, including Wheeler Field and Bellows Field, as well as scenes of civilian life in Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii, and San Francisco and San Diego, California."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Photograph album made by a U.S. serviceman, most likely in the U.S. Army Air Force, that mostly shows locations in Oahu, Hawaii. The photographs date from 1942-1945, with the majority being taken between 1942 - 1943. The photos depict training at airfields on Oahu, including Wheeler Field and Bellows Field, as well as scenes of civilian life in Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii, and San Francisco and San Diego, California.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Content warning: Sexist and offensive language. Photograph album made by a U.S. serviceman, most likely in the U.S. Army Air Force, that mostly shows locations in Oahu, Hawaii. The photographs date from 1942-1945, with the majority being taken between 1942 - 1943. The photos depict training at airfields on Oahu, including Wheeler Field and Bellows Field, as well as scenes of civilian life in Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaii, and San Francisco and San Diego, California."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:22.308Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_606"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01_c122","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12, 1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01_c122#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01_c122","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01_c122"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01_c122","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01","parent_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12","title_ssm":["Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12"],"title_tesim":["Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12, 1942"],"text":["Yankton College Bulletin, Series II, Vol. XXXVII, No. 12, 1942","Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998","box 28","folder 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":665,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"containers_ssim":["box 28","folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#121","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_651.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lavinia Scott papers","title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"text":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651","South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n Series 1: Correspondence\n Series 2: Professional activities\n Series 3: Personal materials\n Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n Series 7: South African artifacts","Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010.","The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) consists of sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Includes newsletter clipping","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo Christmas card and newspaper clipping","Includes Inanada Seminary booklet and photographs","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipppings","Includes several newspaper clippings and 1978 matriculation reports for Inanda Seminary","Includes photographs","Includes photographs","Includes photographs","Includes photographs and newspaper clipping","Includes multiple photographs sent with letters","Includes photo card","Includes photo cards","Includes newspaper clipping and photographs","Includes photographs and photo cards","Includes numerous photographs, circa 1990s","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes 2 photocopied photographs","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Includes photographs","Includes photograph on front of card","Includes photograph","Includes numerous photographs","Includes photograph","Includes photo Christmas cards","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo cards","Additional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\nNorthwestern University","Additional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\nNorthwestern University","Includes digitized items due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes corrected draft copy of profile","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo Christmas card","Includes photograph","Includes photograph","Includes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes photographs","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clippings and photograph","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","2 copies","Includes newspaper clipping","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Item is written in Zulu","Includes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clippings ; Items removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in Series 3, Box 23 Folder 9","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photographs and letters","Includes photographs","Zulu language translation, 2 editions","Zulu language translation, 2 editions","Item is written in Zulu with English translation included","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photograph","2 editions","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper and periodical clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909 - 1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries.","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Sub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.","Sub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Items removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in \"Inanda Seminary professional notes, grades, and outlines by Lavinia Scott\" in Series 2.1, Box 16 Folder 3","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997","Contents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997","2 copies","Includes newspaper clippings and photograph","Includes newspaper clippings, photographs, cards (many still in envelopes), programs (for both campus and off-campus events), and general ephemera.","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Transcription of radio discussion moderated by James H. McBurney and featuring James A. Eldridge, Frank L. Hughes, and Franklin D. Scott","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Sub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.","Sub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted","Contents are mostly blank, with minimal and sporadic entries and includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes numerous loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted in back","Includes loose papers and newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Minimal entries for 1970 and includes loose paper inserted in front","Includes loose pages placed inserted in back","Minimal entries for 1975 and includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clipping inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Includes newsprint clippings inserted","Diary is dated incorrectly inside as 1983; date corrected on cover. Includes loose papers inserted in front.","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.","Sub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.","September 15, 1970: Volume IX, No. 5; July 15, 1974: Volume 13, No. 3; July 1976: Volume 15, No. 2; October 1976: Volume 15, No. 5","January-February 1977: Vol. 15, No. 9-10; April 1977: Vol. 15, No. 12; May 1977 has no Vol., No. information; September 1977: Vol. 15, No. 5","Volume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1970: Volume 32, No. 5; 1972: Volume 34, Nos. 1, 3-4, 9-10, 12; 1973: Volume 35, No. 1; 1974: Volume 36, No. 2","Volume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1976: Volume 38, Nos. 1, 3, 6, 8-11; 1977: Volume 39, Nos. 4-6, 9, 11-12; 1978: Volume 40, Nos. 3, 6, 7, 11; 1979: Volume 41, Nos. 1-2; January 1976 edition reads \"Volume 39, No. 1\" possibly in error","June 15, 1976: Volume III, Issue 10; February 1, 1977: Volume IV, Issue 6; February 6, 1978: Volume V, Issue 3; February 20, 1978: Volume V, Issue 4; March 1, 1978: Volume V, Issue 5; April 3, 1978: Volume V, Issue 7","November 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1194; December 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1195; November 1974: Vol. 104, No. 1242; March-June 1976: Vol. 110, Nos. 1258-1261","November 1977: Vol. 107, No. 1277; July-August 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1285-1286; October-December 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1288-1290","Spring 1994: Volume 3, Number 1; Spring 1995: Volume 4, Number 1; Fall 1996: Volume 5, Number 2; Spring 1996: Volume 5, Number 1; Spring 1997: Volume 6, Number 1","Sub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s - 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","Small possibly ivory bust statue, small black bust, heavy wooden elephant, medium wooden elephant","Small wooden elephant, small possibly ivory hippo, plastic bag filled with beadwork, cloth mat with image of Zulu tribe, box labeled \"Zulu beadwork\", and four small carved wooden animals","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.","R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","English\n Zulu\n Afrikaans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"unitid_tesim":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were brought to George Mason University by former Provost Peter Stearns, Lavinia Scott's nephew, in 2018. Before coming to Special Collections in early 2021, members of the George Mason University history faculty, as well as history graduate students, worked with the material."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"date_range_isim":[1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n Series 1: Correspondence\n Series 2: Professional activities\n Series 3: Personal materials\n Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n Series 7: South African artifacts"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eLavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers\u003c/a\u003e which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/463\"\u003eFranklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers\u003c/a\u003e. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the \u003ca href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3023\"\u003eAfrican missions records\u003c/a\u003e, as well as the Finding Aid for the \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/mehealy/presentations\"\u003eInanda Seminary Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e completed between 2008 – 2010.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) consists of sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newsletter clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo Christmas card and newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Inanada Seminary booklet and photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipppings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes several newspaper clippings and 1978 matriculation reports for Inanda Seminary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes multiple photographs sent with letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo card\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping and photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and photo cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes numerous photographs, circa 1990s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes 2 photocopied photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph on front of card\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes numerous photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo Christmas cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\n\u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eNorthwestern University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\n\u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eNorthwestern University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized items due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes corrected draft copy of profile\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photo Christmas card\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings and photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem is written in Zulu\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings ; Items removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in Series 3, Box 23 Folder 9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZulu language translation, 2 editions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZulu language translation, 2 editions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem is written in Zulu with English translation included\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 editions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper and periodical clipping photocopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909 - 1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in \"Inanda Seminary professional notes, grades, and outlines by Lavinia Scott\" in Series 2.1, Box 16 Folder 3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings and photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings, photographs, cards (many still in envelopes), programs (for both campus and off-campus events), and general ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clipping photocopy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscription of radio discussion moderated by James H. McBurney and featuring James A. Eldridge, Frank L. Hughes, and Franklin D. Scott\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents are mostly blank, with minimal and sporadic entries and includes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes numerous loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted in back\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and newsprint clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinimal entries for 1970 and includes loose paper inserted in front\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose pages placed inserted in back\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinimal entries for 1975 and includes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and a newsprint clipping inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newsprint clippings inserted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiary is dated incorrectly inside as 1983; date corrected on cover. Includes loose papers inserted in front.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 15, 1970: Volume IX, No. 5; July 15, 1974: Volume 13, No. 3; July 1976: Volume 15, No. 2; October 1976: Volume 15, No. 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary-February 1977: Vol. 15, No. 9-10; April 1977: Vol. 15, No. 12; May 1977 has no Vol., No. information; September 1977: Vol. 15, No. 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1970: Volume 32, No. 5; 1972: Volume 34, Nos. 1, 3-4, 9-10, 12; 1973: Volume 35, No. 1; 1974: Volume 36, No. 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1976: Volume 38, Nos. 1, 3, 6, 8-11; 1977: Volume 39, Nos. 4-6, 9, 11-12; 1978: Volume 40, Nos. 3, 6, 7, 11; 1979: Volume 41, Nos. 1-2; January 1976 edition reads \"Volume 39, No. 1\" possibly in error\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1976: Volume III, Issue 10; February 1, 1977: Volume IV, Issue 6; February 6, 1978: Volume V, Issue 3; February 20, 1978: Volume V, Issue 4; March 1, 1978: Volume V, Issue 5; April 3, 1978: Volume V, Issue 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1194; December 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1195; November 1974: Vol. 104, No. 1242; March-June 1976: Vol. 110, Nos. 1258-1261\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1977: Vol. 107, No. 1277; July-August 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1285-1286; October-December 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1288-1290\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 1994: Volume 3, Number 1; Spring 1995: Volume 4, Number 1; Fall 1996: Volume 5, Number 2; Spring 1996: Volume 5, Number 1; Spring 1997: Volume 6, Number 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s - 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall possibly ivory bust statue, small black bust, heavy wooden elephant, medium wooden elephant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall wooden elephant, small possibly ivory hippo, plastic bag filled with beadwork, cloth mat with image of Zulu tribe, box labeled \"Zulu beadwork\", and four small carved wooden animals\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) consists of sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Includes newsletter clipping","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo Christmas card and newspaper clipping","Includes Inanada Seminary booklet and photographs","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipppings","Includes several newspaper clippings and 1978 matriculation reports for Inanda Seminary","Includes photographs","Includes photographs","Includes photographs","Includes photographs and newspaper clipping","Includes multiple photographs sent with letters","Includes photo card","Includes photo cards","Includes newspaper clipping and photographs","Includes photographs and photo cards","Includes numerous photographs, circa 1990s","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes 2 photocopied photographs","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Includes photographs","Includes photograph on front of card","Includes photograph","Includes numerous photographs","Includes photograph","Includes photo Christmas cards","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo cards","Additional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\nNorthwestern University","Additional correspondence, particularly letters sent from Lavinia, are held by\nNorthwestern University","Includes digitized items due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes corrected draft copy of profile","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes photo Christmas card","Includes photograph","Includes photograph","Includes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes photographs","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clippings and photograph","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","2 copies","Includes newspaper clipping","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Item is written in Zulu","Includes digitized item due to preservation issues, available upon request","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clippings ; Items removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in Series 3, Box 23 Folder 9","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photographs and letters","Includes photographs","Zulu language translation, 2 editions","Zulu language translation, 2 editions","Item is written in Zulu with English translation included","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photograph","2 editions","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper and periodical clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Includes newspaper clipping photocopies","Includes newspaper clipping","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909 - 1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries.","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Sub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.","Sub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.","Items removed from leather binder which also contained \"Books to Read\" lists found in \"Inanda Seminary professional notes, grades, and outlines by Lavinia Scott\" in Series 2.1, Box 16 Folder 3","Items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997","Contents addressed to Mary Helen Gunn, some items postdate Lavinia's passing in 1997","2 copies","Includes newspaper clippings and photograph","Includes newspaper clippings, photographs, cards (many still in envelopes), programs (for both campus and off-campus events), and general ephemera.","Includes newspaper clipping","Includes newspaper clipping photocopy","Transcription of radio discussion moderated by James H. McBurney and featuring James A. Eldridge, Frank L. Hughes, and Franklin D. Scott","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes newspaper clippings","Includes photograph","Includes newspaper clippings","Sub-series 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5.","Sub-series 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Item digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted","Contents are mostly blank, with minimal and sporadic entries and includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes numerous loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted in back","Includes loose papers and newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Minimal entries for 1970 and includes loose paper inserted in front","Includes loose pages placed inserted in back","Minimal entries for 1975 and includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clipping inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and a newsprint clippings inserted throughout","Includes newsprint clippings inserted","Diary is dated incorrectly inside as 1983; date corrected on cover. Includes loose papers inserted in front.","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Includes loose papers and newspaper clippings inserted throughout","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.","Sub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3.","September 15, 1970: Volume IX, No. 5; July 15, 1974: Volume 13, No. 3; July 1976: Volume 15, No. 2; October 1976: Volume 15, No. 5","January-February 1977: Vol. 15, No. 9-10; April 1977: Vol. 15, No. 12; May 1977 has no Vol., No. information; September 1977: Vol. 15, No. 5","Volume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1970: Volume 32, No. 5; 1972: Volume 34, Nos. 1, 3-4, 9-10, 12; 1973: Volume 35, No. 1; 1974: Volume 36, No. 2","Volume numbering 1-12 corresponds with calendar month numbers; 1976: Volume 38, Nos. 1, 3, 6, 8-11; 1977: Volume 39, Nos. 4-6, 9, 11-12; 1978: Volume 40, Nos. 3, 6, 7, 11; 1979: Volume 41, Nos. 1-2; January 1976 edition reads \"Volume 39, No. 1\" possibly in error","June 15, 1976: Volume III, Issue 10; February 1, 1977: Volume IV, Issue 6; February 6, 1978: Volume V, Issue 3; February 20, 1978: Volume V, Issue 4; March 1, 1978: Volume V, Issue 5; April 3, 1978: Volume V, Issue 7","November 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1194; December 1970: Vol. 100, No. 1195; November 1974: Vol. 104, No. 1242; March-June 1976: Vol. 110, Nos. 1258-1261","November 1977: Vol. 107, No. 1277; July-August 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1285-1286; October-December 1978: Vol. 108, Nos. 1288-1290","Spring 1994: Volume 3, Number 1; Spring 1995: Volume 4, Number 1; Fall 1996: Volume 5, Number 2; Spring 1996: Volume 5, Number 1; Spring 1997: Volume 6, Number 1","Sub-series 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided.","Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s - 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","This sub-series has items that have been digitized due to preservation issues, available upon request.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","Small possibly ivory bust statue, small black bust, heavy wooden elephant, medium wooden elephant","Small wooden elephant, small possibly ivory hippo, plastic bag filled with beadwork, cloth mat with image of Zulu tribe, box labeled \"Zulu beadwork\", and four small carved wooden animals"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80cc4e1315ef5dc6c32b4320325dcd33\"\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81acf2a66423a9d0915a1666348eb948\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1194,1195,1196,1197,1198,1199,1200,1201,1202,1203,1204,1205,1206,1207,1208,1209,1210,1211,1212,1213,1214,1215,1216,1217,1218,1219,1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235,1236,1237,1238,1239,1240,1241,1242,1243,1244,1245,1246,1247,1248,1249,1250,1251,1252,1253,1254,1255,1256,1257,1258,1259,1260,1261,1262,1263,1264,1265,1266,1267,1268,1269,1270,1271,1272,1273,1274,1275,1276,1277,1278,1279,1280,1281,1282,1283,1284,1285,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1293,1294,1295,1296,1297,1298,1299,1300,1301,1302,1303,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1313,1314,1315,1316,1317,1318,1319,1320,1321,1322,1323,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,1346,1347,1348,1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,1361,1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1377,1378,1379,1380,1381,1382,1383,1384,1385,1386,1387,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,1393,1394,1395,1396,1397,1398,1399,1400,1401,1402,1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,1469,1470,1471,1472,1473,1474,1475,1476,1477,1478,1479,1480,1481,1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1507,1508,1509,1510,1511,1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"_nest_path_":"/components#120","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_582.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Saint Andrew's Society collection","title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"title_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"text":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995","C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582","Scotland","Washington (D.C.)","Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by record type and chronologically.","The Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.","The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788.","Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the","This collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.","Pins used in book","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582"],"unitid_tesim":["C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creator_ssim":["St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by record type and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by record type and chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.","The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSaint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://wrlc-gm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,St.%20Andrew%27s%20Society%20of%20Washington,%20D.C.%20Collection.\u0026amp;tab=Everything\u0026amp;search_scope=MyInst_and_CI\u0026amp;vid=01WRLC_GML:01WRLC_GML\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20rare,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20faca,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20arc,1\u0026amp;lang=en\u0026amp;offset=0\u0026amp;conVoc=false\" title=\"Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C. rare book collection.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003ePins used in book\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.","Pins used in book"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThis collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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