{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=2","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=3","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=157"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":157,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":1564,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_rice","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_rice#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_rice","ead_ssi":"vifgm_rice","_root_":"vifgm_rice","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_rice","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/rice.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/rice.html","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238"],"text":["C0238","Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. 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Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_359.xml","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. 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In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. 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Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efd0b3341aecb07369dde0fb21a7a439\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Rice papers","Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. 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Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. 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The copyright and related rights status of the rest of the collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 3"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#25","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:37:55.284Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"text":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view   and ","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5) Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5) Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6) Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. 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","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. ","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. ","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. ","All materials created before 1926 are in the Public Domain with no known restrictions. The copyright and related rights status of the rest of the collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. 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The copyright and related rights status of the rest of the collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~15~15\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/5111\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view   and "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5) Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5) Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6) Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCity of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: ","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. ","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. ","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. ","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. ","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials created before 1926 are in the Public Domain with no known restrictions. The copyright and related rights status of the rest of the collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["All materials created before 1926 are in the Public Domain with no known restrictions. The copyright and related rights status of the rest of the collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbce34e7d3c1b76f0548428cd9e54373\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_565b698cd913a18e3d78aafff8fb538f\"\u003eR54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:37:55.284Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c26"}},{"id":"vifgm_lytton_c05_c26","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_lytton_c05_c26#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_lytton_c05_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_lytton_c05_c26","ref_ssm":["vifgm_lytton_c05_c26"],"id":"vifgm_lytton_c05_c26","ead_ssi":"vifgm_lytton","_root_":"vifgm_lytton","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_lytton_c05","parent_ssi":"vifgm_lytton_c05","parent_ssim":["vifgm_lytton","vifgm_lytton_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_lytton","vifgm_lytton_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media,"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media,","Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA,","Box 9","Folder 3",""],"title_filing_ssi":"Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA, \n","title_ssm":["Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA, \n"],"title_tesim":["Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA, \n"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1907-1957\n"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Advertisements for businesses in Fairfax, VA,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":200,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"containers_ssim":["Box 9","Folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp/\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":[""],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#25","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:55:51.685Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_lytton","ead_ssi":"vifgm_lytton","_root_":"vifgm_lytton","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_lytton","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/lytton.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/lytton.html","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670-2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1670-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0311"],"text":["C0311","Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection","Letters.","Maps.","Photography.","Presidents--United States.","Slides.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia, Northern--History, Local.","Correspondence.","Maps.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Photographic prints.","Reproductions.","Slides.","Tintypes.","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914  (Boxes 2-5)\n Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\n","",""," \nFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.\n","Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:\n","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982) includes postcards from Virginia. \n","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914) includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \t\t \n","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960) includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \n","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975) includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \n","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004) includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \n","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","This collection includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, maps, newspapers, photographs, postcards, and publications from 1670-2004.","George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Lytton, Randolph H. ","Lytton, Randolph H.","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0311"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph H. "],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph H. "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph H. "],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph H. "],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters.","Maps.","Photography.","Presidents--United States.","Slides.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia, Northern--History, Local.","Correspondence.","Maps.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Photographic prints.","Reproductions.","Slides.","Tintypes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters.","Maps.","Photography.","Presidents--United States.","Slides.","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia, Northern--History, Local.","Correspondence.","Maps.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Photographic prints.","Reproductions.","Slides.","Tintypes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 linear ft. (11 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["15 linear ft. (11 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914  (Boxes 2-5)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914  (Boxes 2-5)\n Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\n"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n        \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n      \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n        \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n      \u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \nFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":[" \nFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982) includes postcards from Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914) includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \t\t \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960) includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975) includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004) includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:\n","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982) includes postcards from Virginia. \n","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914) includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \t\t \n","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960) includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \n","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975) includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \n","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004) includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, maps, newspapers, photographs, postcards, and publications from 1670-2004.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, maps, newspapers, photographs, postcards, and publications from 1670-2004."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Lytton, Randolph H. ","Lytton, Randolph H."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph H. ","Lytton, Randolph H."],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":225,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:55:51.685Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_lytton_c05_c26"}},{"id":"vifgm_reich_c05_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A-F,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich_c05_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAltars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_reich_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_reich_c05_c01"],"id":"vifgm_reich_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_reich","_root_":"vifgm_reich","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_reich_c05","parent_ssi":"vifgm_reich_c05","parent_ssim":["vifgm_reich","vifgm_reich_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_reich","vifgm_reich_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs,"],"text":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs,","A-F,","Box 6","Folder 28","Altars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)"],"title_filing_ssi":"A-F, ","title_ssm":["A-F, "],"title_tesim":["A-F, "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A-F,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":203,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["Box 6","Folder 28"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAltars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Altars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:53:29.147Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_reich","ead_ssi":"vifgm_reich","_root_":"vifgm_reich","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_reich","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/reich.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/reich.html","title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0229"],"text":["C0229","Molka Reich papers","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . ","Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)","Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0229"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creators_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Molka Reich in 1980 and 1981. Scott Griffin material presented by Molka Reich for the Scott Griffin estate on June 25, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~23~23\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Molka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Works Progress Administration oral histories collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/wpaoh.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftp.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project photograph collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftpphoto.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref297\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":226,"online_item_count_is":12,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:53:29.147Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"A-F","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAltars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs"],"text":["Molka Reich papers","Series 5: Programs","A-F","box 6","folder 28","Altars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)"],"title_filing_ssi":"A-F","title_ssm":["A-F"],"title_tesim":["A-F"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A-F"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":204,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 28"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAltars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Altars of Steel; Ah, Wilderness!; The Bishop Misbehaves; The Bride the Sun Shines On; Criminal at Large; Coquette; Chalk Dust; Craig's Wife; A Classic Vaudeville; The Emperor's New Clothes; Engaged; Folk Music in the Roosevelt White House (produced by the Smithsonian Institution Office of Folklife programs)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:28.281Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_348.xml","title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0229","/repositories/2/resources/348"],"text":["C0229","/repositories/2/resources/348","Molka Reich papers","Theater -- United States","New Deal, 1933-1939","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into six series:","Missing Title Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)","Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes.  Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0229","/repositories/2/resources/348"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creators_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Molka Reich in 1980 and 1981. Scott Griffin material presented by Molka Reich for the Scott Griffin estate on June 25, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- United States","New Deal, 1933-1939"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- United States","New Deal, 1933-1939"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 Linear Feet (9 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["6 Linear Feet (9 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into six series:","Missing Title Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich papers, Collection C0229, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Molka Reich papers, Collection C0229, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0153\" title=\"Works Progress Administration oral histories collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0002\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0205\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project photograph collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes.  Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes.  Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84dd143d1a81fa0708a802608718089b\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:28.281Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_348_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_clark_c03_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_clark_c03_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_clark_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_clark_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_clark_c03_c01"],"id":"vifgm_clark_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_clark","_root_":"vifgm_clark","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_clark_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_clark_c03","parent_ssim":["vifgm_clark","vifgm_clark_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_clark","vifgm_clark_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia,"],"text":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia,","Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs,","Box 2","Folder 8",""],"title_filing_ssi":"Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs, \n\t","title_ssm":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs, \n\t"],"title_tesim":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs, \n\t"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1941-1954\n\t"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":24,"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 8"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp/\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":[""],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:50:41.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_clark","ead_ssi":"vifgm_clark","_root_":"vifgm_clark","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_clark","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/clark.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/clark.html","title_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection\n"],"title_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection\n"],"unitdate_ssm":["1938-2003\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2003\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0060\n"],"text":["C0060\n","Leonard H. Clark military history collection","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area.","The collection is arranged in 4 series:\n","Series 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4)\n Series 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3)\n Series 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)\n","Leonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron  in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003.\n","The collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.","Series 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.","Series 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron.  Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases.","The collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003.\n","","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives","United States. Air Force.","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd.","Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n","Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0060\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n"],"creator_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n"],"creators_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Susan Lanson in 2008, on behalf of Anna Mae Clark, Robin Clark, and Barbara Clark Gregg.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area."],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 linear feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["2 linear feet (4 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in 4 series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in 4 series:\n","Series 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4)\n Series 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3)\n Series 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron  in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron  in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron.  Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.","Series 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.","Series 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron.  Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc/\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":[""],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives","United States. Air Force.","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd.","Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n","Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives","United States. Air Force.","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd."],"persname_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark, 1919-2003\n","Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:50:41.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_clark_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia"],"text":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Series 3: Memorabilia","Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs","box 2","folder 8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs","title_ssm":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs"],"title_tesim":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1941-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Air Force Base Guides/Souvenirs"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 8"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:14:33.085Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_120.xml","title_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"title_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1938-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0060","/repositories/2/resources/120"],"text":["C0060","/repositories/2/resources/120","Leonard H. Clark military history collection","Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","World War, 1939-1945 -- Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945","Aerial photographs","Photography of airplanes","Correspondence","Photographs","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged in 4 series:","Series Series 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4) Series 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3) Series 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)","Leonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003.","Processed by Sean Tennant in December 2008 and January 2009. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant in January 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in July 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on World War II and the experiences of military personnel and veterans during the war.","More information about the 43rd Bombing Group and the 403rd Squadron can be found on the  . More information about the Distinguished Flying Cross can be found on the  . ","The collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.","Series 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.","Series 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron. Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003.","R26, C1, S1\nR26, C1, S3\nOSR4, C2, S3\nMap Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd","United States. Navy","Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0060","/repositories/2/resources/120"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945"],"geogname_ssim":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"places_ssim":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Susan Lanson in 2008, on behalf of Anna Mae Clark, Robin Clark, and Barbara Clark Gregg."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945","Aerial photographs","Photography of airplanes","Correspondence","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945","Aerial photographs","Photography of airplanes","Correspondence","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in 4 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in 4 series:","Series Series 1: Documents, 1938-1968, 2003 (Boxes 1-2) Series 2: Photographs, 1940s-1960s (Boxes 2, 4) Series 3: Memorabilia, 1940s-1957 (Boxes 2-3) Series 4: Maps/Oversize, 1940s (Box 4, Oversize Map Cases)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark was born in England in 1919 and served in the United States Air Force from 1941 to 1968. During World War II, Clark began his service as a test pilot and was assigned to the 43rd Bomb Group of the 403rd Bomb Squadron in the 5th Air Force. In 1944, Clark assumed command of the 403rd Bomb Squadron. In total, Clark participated in 73 combat missions against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater. Tokyo Rose nicknamed the 403rd the \"Mareeba Butchers,\" the only nickname bestowed by the Japanese propaganda broadcast on a military service group. In 1945, Clark was involved in a plane crash off the cost of Japan, breaking his leg and waiting six days for rescue. During the war, Clark was promoted to the rank of Major and awarded multiple commendations and awards, including the Distinguished Unit Badge and the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the Korean War, Clark served with the 3906th Combat Support Group as a pilot. Clark was again called to serve in the Vietnam War. Major Clark died in Florida in 2003."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard H. Clark military history collection, C0060, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Leonard H. Clark military history collection, C0060, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Sean Tennant in December 2008 and January 2009. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant in January 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in July 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Sean Tennant in December 2008 and January 2009. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant in January 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in July 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on World War II and the experiences of military personnel and veterans during the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore information about the 43rd Bombing Group and the 403rd Squadron can be found on the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Ken's Men website\" href=\"http://www.kensmen.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. More information about the Distinguished Flying Cross can be found on the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Distinguished Flying Cross Society website\" href=\"http://www.dfcsociety.org/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on World War II and the experiences of military personnel and veterans during the war.","More information about the 43rd Bombing Group and the 403rd Squadron can be found on the  . More information about the Distinguished Flying Cross can be found on the  . "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron. Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the military service and medical records of Leonard H. Clark, his correspondence, photographs, and memorabilia from Leonard H. Clark's service in the United States military. Robert Mathias, a relative of Clark's, gave him photographs and papers that document his time as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. The collection also contains materials in Japanese and Arabic. The collection is arranged into four series and covers a period from 1938 to 2003.","Series 1 contains the documents from the collection, including training logs, service records, medical documents, and correspondence. The series also contains documentation regarding awards and commendations, as well as newspaper clippings. The series covers the period from 1938 to 1968 and 2003 and is arranged in 1.5 boxes.","Series 2 contains photographs from Clark's military service. The series contains personal photographs, as well as publicity photographs of training exercises and aerial photographs of military operations in the Philippines. The series covers the period from the 1940s to the 1960s and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 3 contains the miscellaneous memorabilia of the collection. Notably, the series contains a collection of currency collected during and after World War II, maps of portions of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and souvenirs from various locations around the world. The series also contains Clark's Distinguished Flying Cross. The series covers the period from the 1940s to 1957 and is contained in 2 boxes.","Series 4 contains the oversized materials from the collection, such as oversized silk maps, a Japanese flag belonging to a Kamikaze pilot, and a scrapbook. The scrapbook contains military training photographs, nose art photographs, Japanese surrender photographs, and newspaper clippings of Clark's training and service in World War II. The scrapbook is particularly interesting because of the documentation of a single squadron. Additionally, the scrapbook contains satirical drawings made during the war. The series covers the period of the 1940s and is contained in 1 box and the oversized map cases."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_10c8e3cde10dd9f493242c53fab0951a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains documents, photographs, and memorabilia related to Major Clark's service in the United States Air Force. Most notably, the collection contains military records, Japanese souvenirs from World War II, and aerial photographs made by Clark of military operations in the Philippines. The collection contains material from 1938-1968 and 2003."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2d44cb0958f0c5e72a9f94e953950868\"\u003eR26, C1, S1\nR26, C1, S3\nOSR4, C2, S3\nMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R26, C1, S1\nR26, C1, S3\nOSR4, C2, S3\nMap Case 11.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd","United States. Navy"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd","United States. Navy","Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Air Force","United States. Army Air Forces. Bomb Group, 43rd","United States. Navy"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Leonard H., 1919-2003"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:14:33.085Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_120_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alabama","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records","Series 6: Local Transit"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records","Series 6: Local Transit"],"text":["American Public Transportation Association records","Series 6: Local Transit","Alabama","box 155","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alabama","title_ssm":["Alabama"],"title_tesim":["Alabama"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alabama"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1502,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["box 155","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:16:03.204Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_14.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Public Transportation Association records","title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"text":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14","American Public Transportation Association records","Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A selection of documents from the collection are available through the  .","Arranged into seven series.","Series Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987 Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997 Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992 Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977 Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978 Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992 Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999","The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.","Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.","The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.            ","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.             ","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.  ","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.            ","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.         ","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.               ","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii. ","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0051","/repositories/2/resources/14"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"collection_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association records"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association"],"creators_ssim":["American Public Transportation Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Jim Olivetti, Information Center Manager, Department of Transportation, 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","Local transit -- United States","Federal aid to transportation -- United States","Transportation -- United States","Maps","Transportation","Urban transportation","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["94 Linear Feet 189 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA selection of documents from the collection are available through the \u003cextptr title=\"American Public Transportation records online collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/xd3dpv\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A selection of documents from the collection are available through the  ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Committees, 1908-1987\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Legislation, 1918-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Labor, 1933-1978\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Oversize, 1946-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series.","Series Series 1: Committees, 1908-1987 Series 2: Meetings and Publications, 1928-1997 Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics, 1927-1992 Series 4: Legislation, 1918-1977 Series 5: Labor, 1933-1978 Series 6: Local Transit, 1898-1992 Series 7: Oversize, 1946-1999"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The organization that would eventually become APTA first organized as the American Street Railway Association on December 12, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts.  The initial meetings focused on the price of oats for the horses that pulled transit vehicles, but that focus evolved as more transit companies built electric systems.  In 1905, the group met in New York and reorganized as the American Street and Interurban Railway Transportation and Traffic Association.  To encompass even more modes of electric transit, the group changed its name once again to the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association in 1910.  By 1932, many of the transit systems relied on motor coaches and trolleys in addition to electric streetcars, so the organization executives chose to be known as the American Transit Association (ATA).  In 1966 the ATA relocated from New York City to Washington, D.C., as a result of increasing reliance on federal funding, especially with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act in 1964 and the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration).  The American Public Transit Association (APTA) was created in 1974 when the American Transit Association and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT) merged.  The IRT dated back to 1929 and formally organized on June 7, 1961.  In 1976, the Transit Development Corporation also merged with APTA.  In January 2000 the name of the organization was changed to the American Public Transportation Association.  Despite the various name changes, the mission of the organization has more or less remained the same.  The organization specializes in issues dealing with transit equipment, transit management, and labor issues.  In the 1970s, the organization developed a closer working relationship with the federal government as more and more transit systems became publicly financed.  Today APTA is a leading participant in research and legislation regarding the North American transportation industry and issues relating to it."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["American Public Transportation Association records, C0051, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Jordan Patty in 2013. EAD markup completed in January 2013 by Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds numerous collections on transportation and planning."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.            \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.             \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.            \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.         \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.               \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.","Series 1: Committees includes correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports created by various committees as well as some subcommittees in APTA and ATA.  The composition of the committees typically included association staff and transit system managers.  The committees largely worked on issues related to equipment and finances with a smaller number devoted to legislation, marketing, and labor issues.  The committees and subcommittees overlap to some extent due to changes in the structure of the association and as a result of changes in transit priorities.  The folders date back to the 1908 and the American Electric Railway Transportation and Traffic Association, a precursor to ATA, but many of the folders consist of committee work from the 1970s.            ","Series 2: Meetings and Publications includes organizational documents such as the constitution, by-laws, annual reports, and press releases.  There is also correspondence and information on industry group meetings attended by APTA officials.  Officials attended local, national, and international conferences on planning, equipment, and management.  There are also files on meetings held by groups with APTA, such as the Rail Transit Group.  The organizational documents date from the 1920s, but many of the meeting files are from the 1960s and 1970s.             ","Series 3: Equipment, Finances, and Statistics is the largest series and consists of a wide range of topics on technical and financial issues.  The documents on equipment cover the various vehicles used by transit systems including streetcars, trolley coaches, motor buses, and trains.  In particular there are a large number of files on the testing and technical specifications about the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program Advanced Concept Train, a joint project undertaken in the late 1970s by both APTA and the U.S. Department of Transportation.  The financial and statistical files overlap to some extent since there are many files on subjects such as fares and accident claims.  Other statistical files consist of data on route configurations and responses to questionnaires on a variety of topics, such as the use of tires.  Also found in this series are files on specific advisory and technology and advisory boards that existed within APTA.  The files in this series largely date from the 1940s through the 1980s.  ","Series 4: Legislation contains files on legislation, primarily federal, that impacted the transit industry.  Many of files focus on the attempts by Congress to pass legislation in the 1970s to provide large-scale funding for transit by using revenue from the Highway Trust Fund, which was established in 1956 to finance the construction of the national interstate system. Documents include correspondence, congressional testimonies, drafts of bills, and reports.  There are also several folders that document efforts to fund transit at the state level.            ","Series 5: Labor consists of reports, correspondence, and legislation on various labor and employment subjects.  In particular there are a large number of files on 13(c), a section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act that allowed unions to dispute federal funding for transit systems if they believed that workers would be adversely affected.  Another large group of documents found in this series are annual reports on wages and working conditions compiled from information sent in by transit system managers.  There are also some files on hiring practices and training.  The files largely date from the 1940s to the 1970s.         ","Series 6: Local Transit consists of files on transit systems in cities and states in the U.S. as well as some files on international cities.  The files mostly consist of clippings sent in by transit system managers, but there are also maps, pamphlets, reports, and other documents in many of the folders.  There is some overlap between the folders with city titles and the folders with state titles.  For instance, there may be some files on Boston found in the \"Massachusetts\" folder, but in general the folders with the city titles contain the bulk of the information on the transit systems in those particular cities.  For the most part, the clippings document the problems faced by the private transit companies following World War II, and some of the folders contain charts and tables on the transit company failures all across the United States.               ","Series 7: Oversize contains some issues of the APTA publication Passenger Transport, and there are also two reports: one on the Chicago Transit Authority and another one a planning project in Honolulu, Hawaii. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_faa1e60c83c8659f77ecdee0a39c2732\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The American Public Transportation Association records consist of material pertaining to the activities of APTA as well as both the American Transit Association (ATA) and the Institute for Rapid Transit (IRT). Types of materials in the collection include: memoranda, correspondence, reports, legislative information, industry-related information (such as brochures and technical reports), and membership information."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American Public Transportation Association","American Electric Railway Association","American Transit Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1799,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:16:03.204Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_14_c06_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alabama-Indiana","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","Series 1: Lutheran churches","Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","Series 1: Lutheran churches","Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"text":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","Series 1: Lutheran churches","Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors","Alabama-Indiana","Box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alabama-Indiana","title_ssm":["Alabama-Indiana"],"title_tesim":["Alabama-Indiana"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1905-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alabama-Indiana"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"containers_ssim":["Box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:38:19.956Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_505.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"text":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505","Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches Series 2: Roman Catholic churches Series 3: Episcopal churches Series 4: Other denominations Series 5: Additional postcards","\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W.  Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States . Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.","Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the  Gustav Klemp World War I collection ,  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection , and  Lavinia Scott papers .","The DC History Center holds the  Philip Teigen papers , which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.","This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.","R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","English \n,        Swedish \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Teigen in September 2018.","Additional materials donated by Phil Teigen in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Postcards","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches Series 2: Roman Catholic churches Series 3: Episcopal churches Series 4: Other denominations Series 5: Additional postcards"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Peter W. \u003ctitle\u003eHouses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States\u003c/title\u003e. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W.  Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States . Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhilip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eImmigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0250\"\u003eGustav Klemp World War I collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0511\"\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0506\"\u003eLavinia Scott papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe DC History Center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847\"\u003ePhilip Teigen papers\u003c/a\u003e, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the  Gustav Klemp World War I collection ,  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection , and  Lavinia Scott papers .","The DC History Center holds the  Philip Teigen papers , which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref8\"\u003eThis collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_25039d10bd6b223a8c06bf9333b89608\"\u003eR 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"language_ssim":["English \n,        Swedish \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:38:19.956Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":1564},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Abraham Anson papers","value":"Abraham Anson papers","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Abraham+Anson+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams T. 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