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There seems to be some minutes missing from the years 1939 through 1945.Much of the correspondence from the 1970s focuses on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and includes letters to and from Virginia's U.S. Congressional delegation. Numerous regional and state issues are also documented in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes minutes, correspondence, annual as well as other reports, newsletters, newspaper clippings, notes, various publications and other materials. The date range of the collection, from the early 1920's until the present, spans the history of the organization. There seems to be some minutes missing from the years 1939 through 1945.Much of the correspondence from the 1970s focuses on the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and includes letters to and from Virginia's U.S. Congressional delegation. Numerous regional and state issues are also documented in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restriction on use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No restriction on use."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":545,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:13:54.451Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_80_c01_c263"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries G: Other Art Organizations"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries G: Other Art Organizations"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers","Series XIV: Art","Subseries G: Other Art Organizations","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,","box 182"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,","title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts,"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2769,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937],"containers_ssim":["box 182"],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#6/components#15","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c14_c07_c16"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia","Series I--Art, Artists, and Craftsmen"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia","Series I--Art, Artists, and Craftsmen"],"text":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia","Series I--Art, Artists, and Craftsmen","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d.","box 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d.","title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d."],"title_tesim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1939"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, n.d."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":42,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939],"containers_ssim":["box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#40","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_148","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_148.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00061.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bland, Richard, collection of Richmond memorabilia","title_ssm":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1885-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 32","/repositories/5/resources/148"],"text":["M 32","/repositories/5/resources/148","Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia","Richmond (Va.) -- Designs and plans -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 20th century","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 19th century","Arts -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Arts -- History -- 19th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Collection is arranged by series and alphabetically therein. The items in Folders 1-8, Map Case #11, were found by Bland at an abandoned building in the 1980s. The building may have been the former site of the R.R. Cosby Electrical Co. which had operated in Richmond, Virginia for almost the entire 20th century. Other items, located in Boxes 1-6 and in Folder 9-10, Map Case #11, have been acquired by Bland at flea markets, garage sales, through dealers and at other locations.The collection is divided into the following series: Series I -- Art, Artists, \u0026 Craftsmen (1890s-1990s) ; Series II -- General (1880s-1980s) ; Series III -- Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984) ; Series IV -- Ledger from Maxwell \u0026 McGowan and McGowan and Pearsall House Furnishers (1901-1902) ; Series V -- Richmond Art Glass (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VI -- Historic Richmond (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VII -- Architectural Drawings and Oversize materials (1880s-1980s)","Richmond artist Richard Lee Bland (1950-) has been active in the Richmond art scene since 1968 after his admission into the School of the Arts, Richmond Professional Institute (now VCU). Bland describes himself as an impressionist painter. His vision for art developed from performance and conceptual art in tangent with \"a compelling belief in impressionistic painting.\" Bland's mentor, Eliot Clark (1883-1980), an American Impressionist, was the last surviving participant of the Cos Cob Art Colony (1890-1900). Bland is critical of commercial art galleries, co-operative groups, and university art education practices. \"I believe the artist must maintain an aesthetic apart from institutional curriculum,\" Bland said in 1995. \"Self-reliance and community involvement help the artist confront relevant issues in a spirited fine art.\" Bland has had numerous art exhibits and is well known within the arts community in Richmond. He produced an experimental non-commercial alternative space, The Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984), to promote what he called a \"bedrock\" for independent Richmond art culture. He left for New York City in 1984 to practice art then returned to Richmond in 1986. He then purchased an old dairy barn in the lower Fan District converting it to a studio residence. Bland has established a growing archive of Richmond material, including vintage photographs, architectural drawings of historic Richmond buildings, and other artifacts of the city, that he calls a \"a personal resource\" of artistic inspiration.","Collection consists of a variety of Richmond, Virginia related materials that Bland has gathered since the 1970s. The collection includes three original architectural drawings of Richmond's Cathedral of the Sacred Heart; drawings of plans and photographs of what was to become the power house of the Virginia Railway and Power Co. on Richmond's 12th Street and numerous other early 20th century drawings and materials documenting electrical plans for the city.The collection also contains material documenting the arts in Richmond from the 1890s to the present, including material on the various art organizations that have existed in the city; rock music of the 1980s; and correspondence and other material regarding Bland's Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984). Other materials related to the history of Richmond include late 19th and early 20th century business invoices and correspondence; streetcar ephemera of the 1940s; and numerous published materials and a wide assortment of ephemera items and photographs relating to wide cross section of Richmond's cultural history.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 32","/repositories/5/resources/148"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Designs and plans -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 20th century","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Designs and plans -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 20th century","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"creator_ssim":["Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"creators_ssim":["Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Designs and plans -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 20th century","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Collectibles -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arts -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Arts -- History -- 19th century -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arts -- History -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Arts -- History -- 19th century -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 2 linear feet plus architectural drawings"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 2 linear feet plus architectural drawings"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged by series and alphabetically therein. The items in Folders 1-8, Map Case #11, were found by Bland at an abandoned building in the 1980s. The building may have been the former site of the R.R. Cosby Electrical Co. which had operated in Richmond, Virginia for almost the entire 20th century. Other items, located in Boxes 1-6 and in Folder 9-10, Map Case #11, have been acquired by Bland at flea markets, garage sales, through dealers and at other locations.The collection is divided into the following series: Series I -- Art, Artists, \u0026amp; Craftsmen (1890s-1990s) ; Series II -- General (1880s-1980s) ; Series III -- Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984) ; Series IV -- Ledger from Maxwell \u0026amp; McGowan and McGowan and Pearsall House Furnishers (1901-1902) ; Series V -- Richmond Art Glass (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VI -- Historic Richmond (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VII -- Architectural Drawings and Oversize materials (1880s-1980s)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged by series and alphabetically therein. The items in Folders 1-8, Map Case #11, were found by Bland at an abandoned building in the 1980s. The building may have been the former site of the R.R. Cosby Electrical Co. which had operated in Richmond, Virginia for almost the entire 20th century. Other items, located in Boxes 1-6 and in Folder 9-10, Map Case #11, have been acquired by Bland at flea markets, garage sales, through dealers and at other locations.The collection is divided into the following series: Series I -- Art, Artists, \u0026 Craftsmen (1890s-1990s) ; Series II -- General (1880s-1980s) ; Series III -- Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984) ; Series IV -- Ledger from Maxwell \u0026 McGowan and McGowan and Pearsall House Furnishers (1901-1902) ; Series V -- Richmond Art Glass (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VI -- Historic Richmond (late 19th/early 20th century) ; Series VII -- Architectural Drawings and Oversize materials (1880s-1980s)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond artist Richard Lee Bland (1950-) has been active in the Richmond art scene since 1968 after his admission into the School of the Arts, Richmond Professional Institute (now VCU). Bland describes himself as an impressionist painter. His vision for art developed from performance and conceptual art in tangent with \"a compelling belief in impressionistic painting.\" Bland's mentor, Eliot Clark (1883-1980), an American Impressionist, was the last surviving participant of the Cos Cob Art Colony (1890-1900). Bland is critical of commercial art galleries, co-operative groups, and university art education practices. \"I believe the artist must maintain an aesthetic apart from institutional curriculum,\" Bland said in 1995. \"Self-reliance and community involvement help the artist confront relevant issues in a spirited fine art.\" Bland has had numerous art exhibits and is well known within the arts community in Richmond. He produced an experimental non-commercial alternative space, The Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984), to promote what he called a \"bedrock\" for independent Richmond art culture. He left for New York City in 1984 to practice art then returned to Richmond in 1986. He then purchased an old dairy barn in the lower Fan District converting it to a studio residence. Bland has established a growing archive of Richmond material, including vintage photographs, architectural drawings of historic Richmond buildings, and other artifacts of the city, that he calls a \"a personal resource\" of artistic inspiration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond artist Richard Lee Bland (1950-) has been active in the Richmond art scene since 1968 after his admission into the School of the Arts, Richmond Professional Institute (now VCU). Bland describes himself as an impressionist painter. His vision for art developed from performance and conceptual art in tangent with \"a compelling belief in impressionistic painting.\" Bland's mentor, Eliot Clark (1883-1980), an American Impressionist, was the last surviving participant of the Cos Cob Art Colony (1890-1900). Bland is critical of commercial art galleries, co-operative groups, and university art education practices. \"I believe the artist must maintain an aesthetic apart from institutional curriculum,\" Bland said in 1995. \"Self-reliance and community involvement help the artist confront relevant issues in a spirited fine art.\" Bland has had numerous art exhibits and is well known within the arts community in Richmond. He produced an experimental non-commercial alternative space, The Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984), to promote what he called a \"bedrock\" for independent Richmond art culture. He left for New York City in 1984 to practice art then returned to Richmond in 1986. He then purchased an old dairy barn in the lower Fan District converting it to a studio residence. Bland has established a growing archive of Richmond material, including vintage photographs, architectural drawings of historic Richmond buildings, and other artifacts of the city, that he calls a \"a personal resource\" of artistic inspiration."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia, Collection # M 32, Special Collections and Archives, James Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Lee Bland collection of Richmond memorabilia, Collection # M 32, Special Collections and Archives, James Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of a variety of Richmond, Virginia related materials that Bland has gathered since the 1970s. The collection includes three original architectural drawings of Richmond's Cathedral of the Sacred Heart; drawings of plans and photographs of what was to become the power house of the Virginia Railway and Power Co. on Richmond's 12th Street and numerous other early 20th century drawings and materials documenting electrical plans for the city.The collection also contains material documenting the arts in Richmond from the 1890s to the present, including material on the various art organizations that have existed in the city; rock music of the 1980s; and correspondence and other material regarding Bland's Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984). Other materials related to the history of Richmond include late 19th and early 20th century business invoices and correspondence; streetcar ephemera of the 1940s; and numerous published materials and a wide assortment of ephemera items and photographs relating to wide cross section of Richmond's cultural history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of a variety of Richmond, Virginia related materials that Bland has gathered since the 1970s. The collection includes three original architectural drawings of Richmond's Cathedral of the Sacred Heart; drawings of plans and photographs of what was to become the power house of the Virginia Railway and Power Co. on Richmond's 12th Street and numerous other early 20th century drawings and materials documenting electrical plans for the city.The collection also contains material documenting the arts in Richmond from the 1890s to the present, including material on the various art organizations that have existed in the city; rock music of the 1980s; and correspondence and other material regarding Bland's Grove Avenue Gallery (1982-1984). Other materials related to the history of Richmond include late 19th and early 20th century business invoices and correspondence; streetcar ephemera of the 1940s; and numerous published materials and a wide assortment of ephemera items and photographs relating to wide cross section of Richmond's cultural history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Bland, Richard Lee, 1950-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":200,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_148_c01_c41"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Physicians, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_656.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"text":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656","Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection","Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks","This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information.","Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.   website.  Accessed on 2025 April 15.","This collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.","There are no use restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Michael A. Dellamar, Executive Director of Virginia Physicians, Inc., with the consent of the board of directors, in January 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.9 Linear Feet 3 RSB"],"extent_tesim":["3.9 Linear Feet 3 RSB"],"genreform_ssim":["administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://vaphysicians.com/company-history/\"\u003e website.\u003c/extref\u003e Accessed on 2025 April 15.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.   website.  Accessed on 2025 April 15."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc. Collection # M 578, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. Collection # M 578, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:28.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_656","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_656.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"text":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656","Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection","Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks","This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information.","Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.   website.  Accessed on 2025 April 15.","This collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.","There are no use restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 578","/repositories/3/resources/656"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Michael A. Dellamar, Executive Director of Virginia Physicians, Inc., with the consent of the board of directors, in January 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clinics -- Virginia -- Richmond","Health facilities -- Virginia -- Richmond","administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.9 Linear Feet 3 RSB"],"extent_tesim":["3.9 Linear Feet 3 RSB"],"genreform_ssim":["administrative records","financial records","casebooks","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection may contain protected health information. Please consult SCA staff for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://vaphysicians.com/company-history/\"\u003e website.\u003c/extref\u003e Accessed on 2025 April 15.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc., formerly The McGuire Clinic, was founded by Dr. Stuart McGuire and opened on December 1, 1923 at 1000 West Grace Street in a renovated portion of St. Luke's Hospital. Prior to that time, most physicians were generalists and the concept of the specialist was very new. The McGuire Clinic was comprised of Dr. McGuire and 14 other specialists representing seven departments. It was the first medical clinic in Virginia and was modeled after the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota where the history of the hospital and the clinic were intertwined. In 1972, Humana bought the hospital and its clinic property with the agreement that the clinic and hospital would be relocated. On April 7, 1975 The McGuire Clinic and its 26 physicians moved to 7702 Parham Road where many group members remained at this location for over 30 years. In 1996 the group changed its name to Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Source: Information from the Virginia Physicians, Inc.   website.  Accessed on 2025 April 15."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Physicians, Inc. Collection # M 578, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc. Collection # M 578, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of materials that belonged to the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, including publications, nursing yearbooks, hospital casebooks, Bulletin of the McGuire Clinic and St. Luke's Hospital, account book, and records of the sale and dissolution of McGuire Clinic Corp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Physicians, Inc.","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Physicians, Inc.","McGuire Clinic","St. Luke's Hospital (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:28.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_656"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_122","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Press Association records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_122#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Press Association","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_122#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, minutes of the Board of Directors and various committees, reports, slides, newspaper clippings, convention information, and other papers concerning the operation of the association. 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Most materials date from 1935-1988; there are some materials from as early as 1860.VPA bulletins (including the Bulletin, Confidential Bulletin, Information Bulletin, and Special Information Bulletin) have been placed in the Periodicals section under \"B.\"","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Press Association","English \n.    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Non-manuscript materials are arranged randomly in Boxes 4-6. Series I--General Files (1935-1988), misc. dated earlier; Series II--Board Meeting Records; Series III--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Manuscript materials are arranged alphabetically by subject in Boxes 1-3. Non-manuscript materials are arranged randomly in Boxes 4-6. Series I--General Files (1935-1988), misc. dated earlier; Series II--Board Meeting Records; Series III--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Press Association represents virtually every newspaper in Virginia--more than 145 community weekly and daily newspapers as well as more than 100 associate and sustaining members. The association was founded in the late 19th century and was incorporated by a special act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1882. VPA has its offices in Ashland, Virginia. The business affiliate of VPA is Virginia Press Services, Inc. The VPA provides such member services as a clipping bureau, a classified ad network, awards programs, and state lobbying.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Press Association represents virtually every newspaper in Virginia--more than 145 community weekly and daily newspapers as well as more than 100 associate and sustaining members. The association was founded in the late 19th century and was incorporated by a special act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1882. VPA has its offices in Ashland, Virginia. The business affiliate of VPA is Virginia Press Services, Inc. The VPA provides such member services as a clipping bureau, a classified ad network, awards programs, and state lobbying."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Virginia Press Association, M 269, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Virginia Press Association, M 269, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, minutes of the Board of Directors and various committees, reports, slides, newspaper clippings, convention information, and other papers concerning the operation of the association. Most materials date from 1935-1988; there are some materials from as early as 1860.VPA bulletins (including the Bulletin, Confidential Bulletin, Information Bulletin, and Special Information Bulletin) have been placed in the Periodicals section under \"B.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, minutes of the Board of Directors and various committees, reports, slides, newspaper clippings, convention information, and other papers concerning the operation of the association. 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Non-manuscript materials are arranged randomly in Boxes 4-6. Series I--General Files (1935-1988), misc. dated earlier; Series II--Board Meeting Records; Series III--Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Manuscript materials are arranged alphabetically by subject in Boxes 1-3. Non-manuscript materials are arranged randomly in Boxes 4-6. Series I--General Files (1935-1988), misc. dated earlier; Series II--Board Meeting Records; Series III--Scrapbooks."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Press Association represents virtually every newspaper in Virginia--more than 145 community weekly and daily newspapers as well as more than 100 associate and sustaining members. The association was founded in the late 19th century and was incorporated by a special act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1882. VPA has its offices in Ashland, Virginia. The business affiliate of VPA is Virginia Press Services, Inc. The VPA provides such member services as a clipping bureau, a classified ad network, awards programs, and state lobbying.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Press Association represents virtually every newspaper in Virginia--more than 145 community weekly and daily newspapers as well as more than 100 associate and sustaining members. The association was founded in the late 19th century and was incorporated by a special act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1882. VPA has its offices in Ashland, Virginia. The business affiliate of VPA is Virginia Press Services, Inc. The VPA provides such member services as a clipping bureau, a classified ad network, awards programs, and state lobbying."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Virginia Press Association, M 269, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Virginia Press Association, M 269, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, minutes of the Board of Directors and various committees, reports, slides, newspaper clippings, convention information, and other papers concerning the operation of the association. Most materials date from 1935-1988; there are some materials from as early as 1860.VPA bulletins (including the Bulletin, Confidential Bulletin, Information Bulletin, and Special Information Bulletin) have been placed in the Periodicals section under \"B.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, minutes of the Board of Directors and various committees, reports, slides, newspaper clippings, convention information, and other papers concerning the operation of the association. Most materials date from 1935-1988; there are some materials from as early as 1860.VPA bulletins (including the Bulletin, Confidential Bulletin, Information Bulletin, and Special Information Bulletin) have been placed in the Periodicals section under \"B.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Press Association"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Press Association"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Press Association"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":112,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:41.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_122"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07","vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 7: Administrative Files","Subseries 7.1: Subject Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 7: Administrative Files","Subseries 7.1: Subject Files"],"text":["Virginia Dental Association records","Series 7: Administrative Files","Subseries 7.1: Subject Files","Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners","box 30"],"title_filing_ssi":"Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners","title_ssm":["Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners"],"title_tesim":["Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1919, 1927-1931, 1938, 1953-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1919/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia State Board of Dental Examiners"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":264,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"containers_ssim":["box 30"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0/components#27","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:12:46.741Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_6","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_6.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00044.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-2011","1870-1985"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6"],"text":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6","Virginia Dental Association records","Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","VCU Libraries digitized the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  and the  Virginia Dental Journal  with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal.","The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.","On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.","The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1988.Jul.17","/repositories/3/resources/6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Virginia Dental Association."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Dentists -- Virginia","Dental schools -- Virginia","Dentistry -- Societies, etc.","Dentistry -- History -- Virginia","African American dentists -- Virginia.","Societies, Dental.","History of Dentistry.","Dentists -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["27 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries digitized the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vdj/\"\u003e VCU Scholars Compass\u003c/extref\u003e to view the full run of the journal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["VCU Libraries digitized the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  and the  Virginia Dental Journal  with the permission and collaboration of the Virginia Dental Association. Visit   VCU Scholars Compass  to view the full run of the journal."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records of the Virgina Dental Association have been divided into ten series with subseries as needed. Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972 -- Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975 -- Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979 -- Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1929-1980 -- Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985 -- Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978 -- Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984 -- Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976 -- Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1963 -- Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. Efforts have been made to preserve the original arrangement of these files where applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eComponent 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe VDA began publishing its journal the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association\u003c/emph\u003e in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On November 3, 1870 nine Virginia dentists met in Richmond to establish an organization to \"cultivate the science and the art of dentistry, and all its collateral branches, to elevate and sustain the professional character of dentists; and to promote amongst them mutual improvement, social intercourse and good will.\" This meeting marked the creation of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) or the Virginia State Dental Association as it was named when first created. The VDA changed to its current name in 1970. The VDA was the successor to the first professional dental organization, the Virginia Society of Surgeon Dentists which was formed in 1842.","An early goal of the VDA was to create standards and regulations for the profession. When the VDA was formed there were no statutes regulating the practice of dentistry in Virginia. The VDA spent several years drafting a bill to present to the state legislature culminating in the passage of the Dental Act of 1886. This act also established the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners. The VDA also successfully campaigned in 1915 to have a representative on the State Board of Health making Virginia the first state to include a dentist on such a board. In 1936 the VDA helped pass a bill that outlawed advertising dental services and prices as a means of protecting the public from unethical dental practices. This remained in effect until the early 1980s when the Federal Trade Commission ruled that truthful advertising could not be restricted.","Dental education was another subject of much interest and debate for the VDA. They supported the creation of the first dental school in Virginia in 1893 at the University College of Medicine (UCM). In 1913 UCM merged with the Medical College of Virginia (MCV), which had created its own dental school in 1897. For a time some members of the VDA thought that dentist should obtain an M.D. degree to practice medicine. The Dental Act only required a diploma and a certificate from the state board to practice dentistry. A dental degree was not required to sit for the state board exam. A law requiring an M.D. was passed in 1910, but was repealed in 1914 before any provisions were enacted.","The VDA, which is a component of the American Dental Association, created component societies in 1931. This was to better facilitate communication and professional development for member dentists throughout the state. Dentists who joined a component society also became members of the state and national associations through this tripartate structure. Virginia was divided into eight regions. Each region was arranged to have an existing local society within the area to become the component group where applicable. This arrangement is still in place today. The component societies are:","Component 1, Virginia Tidewater Dental Association, founded 1880","Component 2, Peninsula Dental Society, founded 1934","Component 3, Southside Dental Society, founded 1925","Component 4, Richmond Dental Society, founded 1894","Component 5, Piedmont Dental Society, founded 1916","Component 6, Southwest Virginia Dental Society, founded 1917","Component 7, Shenandoah Valley Dental Association, founded 1914","Component 8, Northern Virginia Dental Society, founded 1931","The VDA began publishing its journal the  Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association  in 1923. After sporadic publication for the first ten years the VDA began publishing on a regular schedule. The number of issues published has varied from three to six. The journal is currently published quarterly. The title was changed to the  Virginia Dental Journal  in 1964. It is a resource for members to find information about professional and scientific developments, legislative issues, and annual meetings. The journal also includes editorials and news updates from the component societies.","An annual meeting of the VDA was held for members to come together and benefit from the mutual exchange of ideas and practical knowledge. The meetings offered an opportunity to focus on issues such as professional ethics, dental legislation, public health and service, and education. Much of the work of the organization was carried out by committees, all of which were overseen by the governing body the Executive Council. The VDA had three elected officers the president, the preseident-elect, and the secretary-treasurer, as well as several appointed officers including the editor of the journal. The VDA did not have a headquarters until the organization hired its first executive secretary in 1964 and she set up the headquarters in her home. Since that time it has been located in several areas around Richmond. Today the VDA is governed by a board of directors and still holds an annual meeting. The VDA continues to help improve the profession and its members, support dental education, promote public dental health, and provide outreach services to underserved populations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Dental Association, Accession # 88/Jul/17, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Dental Journal\u003c/emph\u003e. There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA), 1870-2011, include the official minutes and proceedings of the organization as well as committee records, component society materials, correspondence, financial records, annual meeting records and programs, membership records, subject files, materials relating to the American Dental Association and other national, state, and local dental organizations, and research files used to write One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia. These records provide insight into the changes in the dental profession and also the evolution of professional organizations in general.","Series 1: Annual Compilation of Records, 1870-1972. This series, divided into two subseries, consists of the official minutes of the VDA and the records of the Executive Council, the main governing body of the organization.","Subseries 1.1: Minute Books, 1870-1963. The minute books contain annual meeting programs and proceedings, speeches and papers delivered at the meetings, the Bulletin the official publication of the VDA, committee reports, financial statements, newspaper clippings, member lists, and meeting attendee lists including guests and exhibitors. Also included in the minute books are reports from the Bureau of Dental Heath which often contains statistics regarding race and schools where clinics were held and reports of the State Board of Dental Examiners which include statistics regarding applicants for dental licenses.","Subseries 1.2: Executive Council Records, 1931-1972, bulk 1962-1972. These records include meeting minutes and reports along with some correspondence.","Series 2: Financial Records, 1887-1975. These records include bank statements and deposits, invoices, proposed budgets, receipts, and treasurer's books.","Series 3: Committees, 1924-1979. This series contains materials such as correspondence and reports of various standing and special committees.","Series 4: Annual Meetings, 1924-1980. This series includes materials related to the planning and execution of the meetings and is divided into four subseries.","Subseries 4.1: Annual Meeting Records, 1929-1980. This subseries contains general records such as correspondence, financial information, and publicity related to the planning of each annual meeting. Some files also include the proceedings for the meeting as well. The planning for most meetings began one to two years prior to the event, which is indicated by the inclusive date range listed for each folder.","Subseries 4.2: Local Arrangements and Program Committees, 1929-1939, 1954-1956, 1965. Materials in this subseries include correspondence and planning information related to arrangements for clinics, programs, and entertainment at the annual meetings.","Subseries 4.3: Programs, 1924-1970. This subseries contains copies of the official meeting programs.","Subseries 4.4: Meeting Exhibitors, 1927-1980. This subseries includes correspondence with vendors of dental related products and services requesting that the vendors purchase exhibit space or buy advertisements in the meeting program.","Series 5: Correspondence, 1917-1985. This series is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 5.1: General VDA Correspondence, 1917-1975. This subseries consists mostly of correspondence between the membership and the officers of the VDA. There is also some correspondence with the ADA, other state dental societies, the Virginia State Health Department, Virginia Board of Dental Examiners, and other state offices. The subjects most often covered include dues (overdue notices and disputes), issues related to the governance and structure of the VDA, meeting planning (locations, exhibitors, entertainment, and programs), legislative issues related dentistry, and professional ethics issues (advertising, obligations to public health, etc).","Subseries 5.2: Officer's Correspondence and Related Materials, 1927-1985. These files consist primarily of correspondence of specific officers of the VDA. Additionaly, some files also include speeches, photographs, and clippings.","Series 6: Component Societies, 1931-1978. This series contains materials such as correspondence, membership lists, and meeting programs from the eight component societies in Virginia.","Series 7: Administrative Files, 1919-1984. This series consists of subject and court files and is divided into two subseries.","Subseries 7:1: Subject Files, 1919-1984. Contains various subject files relating to legislative and professional issues, membership benefits such as insurance and retirement plans, and other materials such as newspaper clippings and photographs. Also includes membership card files kept by the VDA.","Subseries 7.2: Federal Trade Commission Case, 1960-1978. This subseries pertains to the Federal Trade Commission complaint against the American Dental Association and several of its constituent groups including the Virginia Dental Association and the Northern Virginia Dental Society (American Dental Association, et. al., Docket No. 9093). The FTC complaint stated that the ADA ethical codes violated anittrust laws by barring advertising and preventing price competition. Part of the defense strategy was to prove that the VDA and the NVDS were non-profit groups and as such were outside the FTC's jurisdiction. Documents in this subseries include Children's Dental Health Week materials, public service brochures promoting dental care, newspaper clipping discussing community outreach programs by the VDA, and materials on the governance and benefits of the two groups.","Series 8: National and State Dental Organizations, 1923-1976. This series contains materials such as correspondence, brochures, and newsletters from various other dental organizations includuing the American Dental Association, several local Virginia dental clubs, and some out-of-state dental groups.","Series 9: One Hundred Years of Dentistry in Virginia, 1873-1969. This series contains essays, speeches, research notes, photographs and related materials that were compiled to write this history. Research materials were compiled primarily by Hermie Wait Powell, the author, and Dr. William Newton Hodgkins","Series 10: VDA Journals, 1928-2011. This series contains an incomplete set of the  Bulletin  and the  Virginia Dental Journal . There are eight bound volumes of the Bulletin, loose issues of the Virginia Dental Journal from 1976-1983, 2008-2009, and 2011, and a DVD with the electronic version from 2004-2008. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry","Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Virginia Dental Association","American Dental Association","Virginia. Department of Health","Virginia. Board of Dentistry"],"persname_ssim":["Hodgkin, William N., 1890-1961","Powell, Hermie Wait"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":340,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:12:46.741Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_6_c07_c01_c28"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Vitae","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004","Personal"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004","Personal"],"text":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004","Personal","Vitae","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Vitae","title_ssm":["Vitae"],"title_tesim":["Vitae"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924, 1951, 1993, 2002, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vitae"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#17","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_151","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_151.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00111.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Branch, Melville C., Jr.","title_ssm":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004"],"title_tesim":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 327","/repositories/5/resources/151"],"text":["M 327","/repositories/5/resources/151","Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004","City planning -- Study and teaching.","City planning -- History -- 20th century -- United States","Collection is open to research without restrictions.","The collection is arranged chronologically by the major periods of Dr. Branch's personal and professional life.","Melville Campbell Branch, Jr. (1913-2008) pioneered consideration of planning as a distinct intellectual discipline and the subject of professional practice. He was the first person in the United States to receive an advanced degree in Planning: a Ph.D. in regional planning from Harvard University in 1949. He is the first person in the nation designated Distinguished Professor of Planning, by the University of Southern California. His nearly 60-year career includes work in academia, government, private enterprise, and the U.S. Navy.","In an unpublished 2003 essay entitled \"Planning: Universal Process\", Dr. Branch wrote that for \"over fifty years, my thoughts, research, and working experiences have been directed to exploring and formulating in written form the fundamental nature and significance of the planning process as a law of human forethought and action.\" He concludes the essay by noting that planning has \"shaped the human condition, subject to events beyond human influence. Aside from procreation, it is also the human activity which will most crucially affect our prospects as a society and our survival in an ever-changing world.\"","A long-time educator, researcher, and writer, Dr. Branch is the author of twenty-three books and over seventy-five professional papers relating to planning. His original contributions include the first books published on: corporate planning; sample surveys in city planning; the use of aerial photography and remote sensing in city and regional planning; and comprehensive planning theory and principles. Another three of his books expand on several elements of comprehensive planning: communication, simulation, and human behavior.","Born in Richmond, Virginia, on 16 February 1913, Dr. Branch is the eldest son of Melville Campbell and Martha (Bowie) Branch. He attended Princeton University (1930-1934) graduating as a Bachelor of Arts with high honors, and the Princeton University graduate college (1934-1936), receiving a two-year Master of Fine Arts in Architecture. In the summer of 1934, Dr. Branch studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Fontainebleau, France, and received a Diplome for a project in planning and design. From 1937-1938, Dr. Branch was a fellow at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where he completed independent research in city planning.","Dr. Branch headed the section designing the urban areas in the General Motors Futurama exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair. He was a Research Assistant at the U.S. National Resources Planning Board (NRPB) in the executive offices of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1939-1941. On leave from November 1940 - February 1941, Dr. Branch designed and directed the exhibit \"The City\" at the Baltimore Museum of Art, the largest city planning exhibit displayed in the United States to that date. He left the NRPB to become Director of the Bureau of Urban Research at Princeton University.","In 1943, Dr. Branch was commissioned Lieutenant JG in the U.S. Naval Reserve, assigned as an Instructor at the U.S. Naval Air Combat Intelligence School. He taught \"maps and photographs\" and wrote a flack information bulletin circulated in the Pacific Ocean area. After three years in the Navy, he spent a year at Harvard enrolled for the Ph.D. degree in planning. From 1947 until 1951, Dr. Branch was an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program of Education and Research in Planning at the University of Chicago.","In 1951, Dr. Branch left Chicago for Los Angeles, California, becoming an Intelligence Officer at the Los Angeles Office of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. In 1954, he became Corporate Associate for Planning and Member of the Senior Staff (West Coast) of the Ramo-Woolridge Corporation (RW). While there, he was appointed in 1961 to the Los Angeles Board of City Planning Commissioners, serving nine years as a member, vice president, and president. Dr. Branch was a Lecturer in Engineering (Planning) at the College of Engineering at the University of California at Los Angeles from 1962-1966.","Dr. Branch joined the faculty at the University of Southern California in 1966 as a Professor in the Planning Program within the School of Public Administration. The Program developed into a School of Urban and Regional Planning, and finally into a School of Policy, Planning, and Development. He taught half-time from 1984-1992 as a Professor Emeritus.","Dr. Branch has consulted briefly for Douglas Aircraft Company, Standard Oil Company of California, Southern California Edison Company, and during the summer of 1978, for the Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Economics and Management, at the National University of Malaysia.","In 1939, Dr Branch was awarded the Charlotte Elisabeth Proctor Fellowship for independent graduate study at Princeton University. In 1986, the Distinguished Leadership Award of the American Planning Association. In 2000, the Planning Educator Award of the Association of Collegiate Schools in Planning. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Certified Planners.","Dr. Branch was married to his second wife, Hilda S. Rollman-Branch, M.D., for over fifty years. Dr. Rollman-Branch came to the United States from German occupied territories in Europe during World War II. While in the United States, Dr. Rollman-Branch studied chemistry, medicine, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. She has served many notable appointments in the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute (LAPSI) and the American Psychoanalytical Association (APsaA).","Melville Campbell Branch, Jr died on February 11, 2008 while living in Pacific Palisades, California. He was 94 years old.","The materials in this collection range from 1914 to 2004 and include correspondence, drawings, photographs, and numerous publications by Dr. Branch and others. The collection documents Branch's early life, mostly through correspondence with family members, and his entire academic career. Most items concern Dr. Branch's professional accomplishments in the field of architecture, urban planning, and design. The collection includes scrapbooks, portfolios, and oversized handmade books of Branch's artwork for the General Motors Futurama at the 1939 World's Fair, the Baltimore Museum exhibition \"The City,\" and Richmond's bicentennial celebration in 1937.","His more than fifty years of research and writing concerning comprehensive planning as a universal process are represented in the collection by twelve of his books and various papers specifically devoted to this subject.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913-","Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913- -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 327","/repositories/5/resources/151"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004"],"collection_title_tesim":["Melville C. Branch, Jr. Papers, 1914-2004"],"collection_ssim":["Melville C. 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He was the first person in the United States to receive an advanced degree in Planning: a Ph.D. in regional planning from Harvard University in 1949. He is the first person in the nation designated Distinguished Professor of Planning, by the University of Southern California. His nearly 60-year career includes work in academia, government, private enterprise, and the U.S. Navy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an unpublished 2003 essay entitled \"Planning: Universal Process\", Dr. Branch wrote that for \"over fifty years, my thoughts, research, and working experiences have been directed to exploring and formulating in written form the fundamental nature and significance of the planning process as a law of human forethought and action.\" He concludes the essay by noting that planning has \"shaped the human condition, subject to events beyond human influence. Aside from procreation, it is also the human activity which will most crucially affect our prospects as a society and our survival in an ever-changing world.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA long-time educator, researcher, and writer, Dr. Branch is the author of twenty-three books and over seventy-five professional papers relating to planning. His original contributions include the first books published on: corporate planning; sample surveys in city planning; the use of aerial photography and remote sensing in city and regional planning; and comprehensive planning theory and principles. Another three of his books expand on several elements of comprehensive planning: communication, simulation, and human behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Richmond, Virginia, on 16 February 1913, Dr. Branch is the eldest son of Melville Campbell and Martha (Bowie) Branch. He attended Princeton University (1930-1934) graduating as a Bachelor of Arts with high honors, and the Princeton University graduate college (1934-1936), receiving a two-year Master of Fine Arts in Architecture. In the summer of 1934, Dr. Branch studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Fontainebleau, France, and received a Diplome for a project in planning and design. From 1937-1938, Dr. Branch was a fellow at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where he completed independent research in city planning.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Branch headed the section designing the urban areas in the General Motors Futurama exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair. He was a Research Assistant at the U.S. National Resources Planning Board (NRPB) in the executive offices of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1939-1941. On leave from November 1940 - February 1941, Dr. Branch designed and directed the exhibit \"The City\" at the Baltimore Museum of Art, the largest city planning exhibit displayed in the United States to that date. He left the NRPB to become Director of the Bureau of Urban Research at Princeton University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1943, Dr. Branch was commissioned Lieutenant JG in the U.S. Naval Reserve, assigned as an Instructor at the U.S. Naval Air Combat Intelligence School. He taught \"maps and photographs\" and wrote a flack information bulletin circulated in the Pacific Ocean area. After three years in the Navy, he spent a year at Harvard enrolled for the Ph.D. degree in planning. From 1947 until 1951, Dr. Branch was an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program of Education and Research in Planning at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951, Dr. Branch left Chicago for Los Angeles, California, becoming an Intelligence Officer at the Los Angeles Office of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. In 1954, he became Corporate Associate for Planning and Member of the Senior Staff (West Coast) of the Ramo-Woolridge Corporation (RW). While there, he was appointed in 1961 to the Los Angeles Board of City Planning Commissioners, serving nine years as a member, vice president, and president. Dr. Branch was a Lecturer in Engineering (Planning) at the College of Engineering at the University of California at Los Angeles from 1962-1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Branch joined the faculty at the University of Southern California in 1966 as a Professor in the Planning Program within the School of Public Administration. The Program developed into a School of Urban and Regional Planning, and finally into a School of Policy, Planning, and Development. He taught half-time from 1984-1992 as a Professor Emeritus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Branch has consulted briefly for Douglas Aircraft Company, Standard Oil Company of California, Southern California Edison Company, and during the summer of 1978, for the Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Economics and Management, at the National University of Malaysia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, Dr Branch was awarded the Charlotte Elisabeth Proctor Fellowship for independent graduate study at Princeton University. In 1986, the Distinguished Leadership Award of the American Planning Association. In 2000, the Planning Educator Award of the Association of Collegiate Schools in Planning. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Certified Planners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Branch was married to his second wife, Hilda S. Rollman-Branch, M.D., for over fifty years. Dr. Rollman-Branch came to the United States from German occupied territories in Europe during World War II. While in the United States, Dr. Rollman-Branch studied chemistry, medicine, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. She has served many notable appointments in the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute (LAPSI) and the American Psychoanalytical Association (APsaA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMelville Campbell Branch, Jr died on February 11, 2008 while living in Pacific Palisades, California. He was 94 years old.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Melville Campbell Branch, Jr. (1913-2008) pioneered consideration of planning as a distinct intellectual discipline and the subject of professional practice. He was the first person in the United States to receive an advanced degree in Planning: a Ph.D. in regional planning from Harvard University in 1949. He is the first person in the nation designated Distinguished Professor of Planning, by the University of Southern California. His nearly 60-year career includes work in academia, government, private enterprise, and the U.S. Navy.","In an unpublished 2003 essay entitled \"Planning: Universal Process\", Dr. Branch wrote that for \"over fifty years, my thoughts, research, and working experiences have been directed to exploring and formulating in written form the fundamental nature and significance of the planning process as a law of human forethought and action.\" He concludes the essay by noting that planning has \"shaped the human condition, subject to events beyond human influence. Aside from procreation, it is also the human activity which will most crucially affect our prospects as a society and our survival in an ever-changing world.\"","A long-time educator, researcher, and writer, Dr. Branch is the author of twenty-three books and over seventy-five professional papers relating to planning. His original contributions include the first books published on: corporate planning; sample surveys in city planning; the use of aerial photography and remote sensing in city and regional planning; and comprehensive planning theory and principles. Another three of his books expand on several elements of comprehensive planning: communication, simulation, and human behavior.","Born in Richmond, Virginia, on 16 February 1913, Dr. Branch is the eldest son of Melville Campbell and Martha (Bowie) Branch. He attended Princeton University (1930-1934) graduating as a Bachelor of Arts with high honors, and the Princeton University graduate college (1934-1936), receiving a two-year Master of Fine Arts in Architecture. In the summer of 1934, Dr. Branch studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Fontainebleau, France, and received a Diplome for a project in planning and design. From 1937-1938, Dr. Branch was a fellow at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where he completed independent research in city planning.","Dr. Branch headed the section designing the urban areas in the General Motors Futurama exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair. He was a Research Assistant at the U.S. National Resources Planning Board (NRPB) in the executive offices of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1939-1941. On leave from November 1940 - February 1941, Dr. Branch designed and directed the exhibit \"The City\" at the Baltimore Museum of Art, the largest city planning exhibit displayed in the United States to that date. He left the NRPB to become Director of the Bureau of Urban Research at Princeton University.","In 1943, Dr. Branch was commissioned Lieutenant JG in the U.S. Naval Reserve, assigned as an Instructor at the U.S. Naval Air Combat Intelligence School. He taught \"maps and photographs\" and wrote a flack information bulletin circulated in the Pacific Ocean area. After three years in the Navy, he spent a year at Harvard enrolled for the Ph.D. degree in planning. From 1947 until 1951, Dr. Branch was an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program of Education and Research in Planning at the University of Chicago.","In 1951, Dr. Branch left Chicago for Los Angeles, California, becoming an Intelligence Officer at the Los Angeles Office of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. In 1954, he became Corporate Associate for Planning and Member of the Senior Staff (West Coast) of the Ramo-Woolridge Corporation (RW). While there, he was appointed in 1961 to the Los Angeles Board of City Planning Commissioners, serving nine years as a member, vice president, and president. Dr. Branch was a Lecturer in Engineering (Planning) at the College of Engineering at the University of California at Los Angeles from 1962-1966.","Dr. Branch joined the faculty at the University of Southern California in 1966 as a Professor in the Planning Program within the School of Public Administration. The Program developed into a School of Urban and Regional Planning, and finally into a School of Policy, Planning, and Development. He taught half-time from 1984-1992 as a Professor Emeritus.","Dr. Branch has consulted briefly for Douglas Aircraft Company, Standard Oil Company of California, Southern California Edison Company, and during the summer of 1978, for the Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Economics and Management, at the National University of Malaysia.","In 1939, Dr Branch was awarded the Charlotte Elisabeth Proctor Fellowship for independent graduate study at Princeton University. In 1986, the Distinguished Leadership Award of the American Planning Association. In 2000, the Planning Educator Award of the Association of Collegiate Schools in Planning. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Certified Planners.","Dr. Branch was married to his second wife, Hilda S. Rollman-Branch, M.D., for over fifty years. Dr. Rollman-Branch came to the United States from German occupied territories in Europe during World War II. While in the United States, Dr. Rollman-Branch studied chemistry, medicine, psychiatry and psychoanalysis. She has served many notable appointments in the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute (LAPSI) and the American Psychoanalytical Association (APsaA).","Melville Campbell Branch, Jr died on February 11, 2008 while living in Pacific Palisades, California. He was 94 years old."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Melville C. Branch, Jr., M 327, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Melville C. Branch, Jr., M 327, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection range from 1914 to 2004 and include correspondence, drawings, photographs, and numerous publications by Dr. Branch and others. The collection documents Branch's early life, mostly through correspondence with family members, and his entire academic career. Most items concern Dr. Branch's professional accomplishments in the field of architecture, urban planning, and design. The collection includes scrapbooks, portfolios, and oversized handmade books of Branch's artwork for the General Motors Futurama at the 1939 World's Fair, the Baltimore Museum exhibition \"The City,\" and Richmond's bicentennial celebration in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis more than fifty years of research and writing concerning comprehensive planning as a universal process are represented in the collection by twelve of his books and various papers specifically devoted to this subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials in this collection range from 1914 to 2004 and include correspondence, drawings, photographs, and numerous publications by Dr. Branch and others. The collection documents Branch's early life, mostly through correspondence with family members, and his entire academic career. Most items concern Dr. Branch's professional accomplishments in the field of architecture, urban planning, and design. The collection includes scrapbooks, portfolios, and oversized handmade books of Branch's artwork for the General Motors Futurama at the 1939 World's Fair, the Baltimore Museum exhibition \"The City,\" and Richmond's bicentennial celebration in 1937.","His more than fifty years of research and writing concerning comprehensive planning as a universal process are represented in the collection by twelve of his books and various papers specifically devoted to this subject."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913-","Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913- -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913- -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913-","Branch, Melville Campbell, 1913- -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":257,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:17:59.403Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_151_c01_c18"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535_c31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Volck, Adalbert - Related articles","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_535_c31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535_c31","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_535_c31"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535_c31","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_535"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_535"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"text":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Volck, Adalbert - Related articles","box 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert - Related articles","title_ssm":["Volck, Adalbert - Related articles"],"title_tesim":["Volck, Adalbert - Related articles"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890, 1912-1917, 1931-1970, 1979, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volck, Adalbert - Related articles"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#30","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"collection_ssim":["Adalbert J. 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The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings, Collection Number M 149, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. Also included is an original first edition of \"The Grasshopper,\" a cantata written by a Virginian, Innes Randolph, and illustrated by Volck."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"persname_ssim":["Volck, Adalbert John, 1828-1912"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Volck Collection of Etchings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":32,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#31","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:16:11.514Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_535","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_535.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/535","title_filing_ssi":"Volck, Adalbert J., Collection of Etchings","title_ssm":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"title_tesim":["Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535"],"text":["M 149","/repositories/5/resources/535","Adalbert J. Volck Collection of Etchings","Etching","American Civil War.","Civil War, U. S., 1861-1865","Collection is open to research.","The etchings are arranged according to their index numbers, 1 through 29. The folders in box 3 are arranged alphabetically.","Adalbert J. Volck was born on April 14, 1828 in Augsburg, Bavaria. He studied in Nürnberg and Munich, but left the due to his involvment in the Revolution of 1848. Volck came to the United States in 1849 and became caught up in the gold rush. By 1851, he had enrolled in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, receiving his D.D.S the following year. Volck was a charter member of the Maryland State Dental Association and a founder of the Association of Dental Surgeons. A southern sympathizer, he was instrumental during the American Civil War in getting medical supplies to the South. ","During the war, Volck made a series of caricatures favorable to the South under the pseudonym of V. Blada. The Confederate War Etchings, the best known of this series, are in the Volck Collection. After the war, Volck became interested in others fields of art. Several of his works can be seen here in Richmond, at the Valentine Museum (portrait of Lee) and the Confederate Museum (shield). Volck died in March, 1912 at the age of 84.","The Volck Collection is comprised of 29 Confederate War Etchings and three folders containing articles about the artist and his work. 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