{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=3108","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=3107","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=3109","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=3121"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3108,"next_page":3109,"prev_page":3107,"total_pages":3121,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":31070,"total_count":31209,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 3. 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Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1002,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 91","Folder 13"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#35","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c36"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming","title_ssm":["Wyoming"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91","Box 91","Folder 14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1003,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 91","Folder 14"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#36","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c03_c37"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- Biographical, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- Biographical","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Biographical"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- Biographical"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Biographical, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- Biographical, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":941,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 10"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#939","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c940"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- Commerce and Industry, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":940,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#938","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c939"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- Directory of Permanent Organizations, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":942,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#940","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c941"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- History, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- History","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- History"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- History"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- History, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- History, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":938,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#936","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c937"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- Religion, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- Religion","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Religion"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- Religion"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- Religion, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- Religion, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":939,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#937","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c938"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County -- The People, 1935/1942","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01","parent_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County -- The People","title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- The People"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County -- The People"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County -- The People, 1935/1942"],"text":["Wyoming County -- The People, 1935/1942","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86","Box 86","Folder 8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1935-1942"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":937,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"containers_ssim":["Box 86","Folder 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#935","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"text":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942","A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, 1850/1942, bulk 1935/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\n3. Boone, box 5\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\n5. Brooke, box 7\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\n7. Calhoun, box 10\n8. Clay, box 10\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\n12. Grant, box 20\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183)\n16. Hancock, box 24\n17. Harrison, box 24\n18. Jackson, box 25\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\n21. Lewis, box 29\n22. Lincoln, box 29\n23. Logan, box 30\n24. Marion, box 30\n25. Marshall, box 31\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183)\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\n29. Monongalia, box 46\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\n31. McDowell, box 54\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\n34. Pendleton, box 59\n35. Pleasants, box 59\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\n37. Preston, box 65\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\n40. Randolph, box 71\n41. Ritchie, box 71\n42. Roane, box 71\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\n46. Tyler, box 80\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\n48. Wayne, box 81\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\n50. Wetzel, box 83\n51. Wirt, box 83\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:54.254Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760_c01_c936"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured), 1910/1935","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured)","title_ssm":["Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured)"],"title_tesim":["Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured), 1910/1935"],"text":["Wyoming County, West Virginia Scenes (photo prints, photocopies of Vernon Champe for Congress, parade, citizens, landscapes, airplane; Buster Haythe, Stella Swope, Hoover, Griffin, Bane, White, Taylor, pictured), 1910/1935","Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025","Box 11","Folder 25"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1910-1935"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":292,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"containers_ssim":["Box 11","Folder 25"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"_nest_path_":"/components#291","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:15.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5374.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/204651","title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"text":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025","A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374","Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)","Genealogies.","Schools","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","Addendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes:\nTV News\nTree Work City\nHinton Streetscape\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\nTV News\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","Bragg, Melody. Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","Daly, Dorothy. The Dart, 1926, Volume VII. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia. 1927.","Enoch, Harry G. Affair at Captina Creek. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Glen Jean Historical Society. Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","Grafton, Emily. West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Hatcher, Charles Silas. Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Keller, Barbara, editor. Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","Keller, Robert, editor. Senior \"34\". Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. Hinton City Directory. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","Lilly, Jack. Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","Lilly, Jack. Lilly Family History, 1566-1997. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","Lilly, Jack. Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","Long, Fred and Steve Trail. Historic Pence Springs Resort. 1987.","Marockie, Henry R. School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","McNeer, Sally Withrow. Echoes of Summers. Undated.","Miller, Hurley. Once in a Lifetime. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","Myers, Tom E. Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","Pemberton, Robert L. A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","Roles, Joe B. Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","Scott, Eugene. Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","Senior Class of Hinton High School. The Senior Handbook; 1935. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","Shuff, Murray. Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","Stewart, Kathleen. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","Sullivan, Ken. Thurmond: A New River Community. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","Taylor, Sharon. The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","United States. National Park Service. Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","Wilson, Goodridge. Smyth County History and Traditions. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","Separated to closed collections:","Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"creators_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"extent_tesim":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026amp;M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026amp;O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026amp;O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAddendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eHinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page article by Stephen Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026amp;O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes six VHS tapes:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTree Work City\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHinton Streetscape\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments regarding economic development program for Hinton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection campaign letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding loan of two photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","Addendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes:\nTV News\nTree Work City\nHinton Streetscape\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\nTV News\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeparated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Bragg, Melody. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Daly, Dorothy. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dart, 1926, Volume VII\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDirectory of Hinton, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Enoch, Harry G. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAffair at Captina Creek\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Glen Jean Historical Society. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Grafton, Emily. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park\u003c/title\u003e. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Hatcher, Charles Silas. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Barbara, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSummers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Robert, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSenior \"34\"\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton City Directory\u003c/title\u003e. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Lilly Family\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLilly Family History, 1566-1997\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOur Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Long, Fred and Steve Trail. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Pence Springs Resort\u003c/title\u003e. 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Marockie, Henry R. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition\u003c/title\u003e. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFrontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations\u003c/title\u003e. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McNeer, Sally Withrow. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEchoes of Summers\u003c/title\u003e. Undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Miller, Hurley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOnce in a Lifetime\u003c/title\u003e. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Myers, Tom E. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMoccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758\u003c/title\u003e. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Pemberton, Robert L. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Pleasants County, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow\u003c/title\u003e. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Roles, Joe B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story\u003c/title\u003e. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Scott, Eugene. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Senior Class of Hinton High School. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Senior Handbook; 1935\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Shuff, Murray. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Stewart, Kathleen. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Sullivan, Ken. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: A New River Community\u003c/title\u003e. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Taylor, Sharon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America\u003c/title\u003e. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDenver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLand Protection Plan: New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Wilson, Goodridge. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSmyth County History and Traditions\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to closed collections:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eHinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","Bragg, Melody. Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","Daly, Dorothy. The Dart, 1926, Volume VII. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia. 1927.","Enoch, Harry G. Affair at Captina Creek. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Glen Jean Historical Society. Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","Grafton, Emily. West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Hatcher, Charles Silas. Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Keller, Barbara, editor. Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","Keller, Robert, editor. Senior \"34\". Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. Hinton City Directory. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","Lilly, Jack. Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","Lilly, Jack. Lilly Family History, 1566-1997. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","Lilly, Jack. Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","Long, Fred and Steve Trail. Historic Pence Springs Resort. 1987.","Marockie, Henry R. School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","McNeer, Sally Withrow. Echoes of Summers. Undated.","Miller, Hurley. Once in a Lifetime. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","Myers, Tom E. Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","Pemberton, Robert L. A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","Roles, Joe B. Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","Scott, Eugene. Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","Senior Class of Hinton High School. The Senior Handbook; 1935. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","Shuff, Murray. Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","Stewart, Kathleen. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","Sullivan, Ken. Thurmond: A New River Community. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","Taylor, Sharon. The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","United States. National Park Service. Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","Wilson, Goodridge. Smyth County History and Traditions. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","Separated to closed collections:","Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43a428a036329b8d08d80398402053d8\"\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_93518063762d4bcef4eb8598eb8cce65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"persname_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3592,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:15.461Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c292"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wythe, 1861/1966","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eJ\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13_c419","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13","parent_ssim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968","Congressional Papers, 1953/1966"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_843","viw_repositories_2_resources_843_c13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wythe","title_ssm":["Wythe"],"title_tesim":["Wythe"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wythe, 1861/1966"],"text":["Wythe, 1861/1966","William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968","Congressional Papers, 1953/1966","Folder 4886","J"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968","Congressional Papers, 1953/1966"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968","Congressional Papers, 1953/1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1966"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2141,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968"],"containers_ssim":["Folder 4886"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Series 1: Law Practice Files, A-Z is restricted. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["J"],"_nest_path_":"/components#12/components#418","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:46:30.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_843","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_843.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tuck, William Munford Papers","title_ssm":["William Munford Tuck Papers"],"title_tesim":["William Munford Tuck Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968"],"text":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968","01/Mss. 68 T79","/repositories/2/resources/843","Virginia--Governors","Virginia--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and Government","Communism--Post 1945","Communism--United States","Fundraising campaigns","Legal documents","Segregation in education--Virginia","United States--Politics and Government","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","Agendas (administrative records)","Correspondence","Financial records","Invitations","Invoices","Maps","Petitions","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Technical reports","Series 1: Law Practice Files, A-Z is restricted. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","5670 folders.","William Munford \"Bill\" Tuck was born 28 September 1896 in Haifax County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. He received a law degree from Washington and Lee University. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates and in the Viginia Senate. Tuck served as lietenant-governor, governor and Congressman. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Part or all of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for assistance.","Processed by Henry Hoar. Original order has been maintained.","This collection is housed off-site. At least 72 hours advanced notice is required for retrieval.","Papers, 1918-1968, of William Munford Tuck, Democrat, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Virginia State Senate, lieutenant-governor, governor, and congressman. Tuck's law practice files and his correspondence, 1950-1953, are arranged alphabetically. His congressional file is arranged alphabetically and the legislation files are arranged by session and then alphabetically by topic. However, the Fifth District correspondence is arranged by counties and cities. His Congressional speeches are in Group XV. The election correspondence is arranged by city, county and out-of-state. The personal correspondence of the gubernatorial term is arranged chronologically. The political correspondence of the gubernatorial term is in two files. The first file is arranged alphabetically by subject (and chronologically within). The second is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.","Includes papers of other members of firm, particularly John Martin. This series is restricted. Consult a staff member for details.","Mixture of political correspondence and papers of Tuck's law practice","General Assembly","House of Delegates campaign","Roosevelt campaign","George C. Peery","Promises","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Application for commission.","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Election as Lieutenant Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part I","Part II","Election as Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part X","Part XI","Part XII","Part XIII","Part XIV","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","part V","Part VI","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Arranged alphabetically by subject, and chronologically within.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Arranged alphabetically by correspondence","Arranged chronologically","Part I","Part II","A-Z","Note for collection.","A.B.C. License","A-Z","1950","1951","1952","1953","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","A-Z","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Legislation- Arranged first by session, and topically, A-Z, within.","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverages","Appropriations","Constitutional Amendment regarding Treaty Agreements","Echo Park Dam","Education","Federal Construction Contract Act","Hawaii and Alaska Statehood","Interstate Commerce","Labor","Miscellaneous, 1953","Miscellaneous, 1954","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 8093","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part I","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Comittee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part II","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part III","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Re: Printing of envelopes.","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Re: Rural route consolidation","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2685 - Parcel post shipments.","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee - 1953","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee- 1954","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Summary of activities of 83rd Congress","Railroad Retirement","St. Lawrence Seaway","Salaries of Members of Congress and Judges","Selective Service","Smith Mountain","Social Security","Taxation - 1953","Taxation - 1954","Taxes - graduated tobacco","Trade Agreements Extension Act","Veterans","Agriculture - Part 1","Agriculture - Part II","Alcoholic Beverages, advertisement of","Appropriations Miscellaneous","Fair Trade","Highways","Judiciary Committee- Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Commitee - Federal District Courts","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Military Training and Selective Service","Miscellaneous - Part I","Miscellaneous - Part II","Natural Gas","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee","Public Works Projects","Salaries of Members of Congress and Federal Judges","Salaries of Servicemen","Social Security","Tariffs","Taxes","Tax Returns - Persons permitted to assist in the filing of Federal tax returns, etc.","Veterans","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverage - Advertising","Bank Holding Companies","Colorado River Project","Education","Hughway Legislation","Interstate Commerce","Judiciary Committee - Auto Dealers Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Bankruptcy Act","Judiciary Committee - Civil Procedure - Rules","Judiciary Committee - Civil Rights","Judiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts","Judiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts","Judiciary Committee - Federal Courts - Forrester Bill","Judiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part 1","Judiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 11 - Robinson - Patman Act Amendment","Judiciary Committee - Woodrow Wilson Memorial","Miscellaneous - Part II","Miscellaneous - Part I","Natural Gas Bill","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security Amendments","Tariffs and Foreign Trade","Taxes","TVA Handbook","Veterans","Water Pollution Control Act","Agriculture","Airport - Northern Virgins","Appropriations","Budget - Federal","Civil Rights - Part I","Civil Rights - Part II","Civil Rights - Part III","Education - Federal Aid","Humane Slaughter","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Federal District Courts","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 11 and S. 11 - Robinson-Patman Act Amendments","Labor","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part I","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part III","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part IV","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Retirement, etc","Segregation - Jan. - Dec. 1957","Social Security","Tariffs","Taxation","Tobacco","Tobacco Acreage","Tobacco Bill - H.R. 9990","Veterans","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverage Advertisements","Appropriations","Buggs Island Reservoir Area - H.R. 11262 - Sale of Timber","Education","Georgas, Stavros - S. 1227","Humane Slaughter","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Federal District Courts","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 3 - States Rights","Labor","Miscellaneous - January 1958","Miscellaneous February 1958","Miscellaneous - March 1958","Miscellaneous - April 1958","Miscellaneous - May 1958","Miscellaneous - June 1958","Miscellaneous - July 1958","Miscellaneous - August 1958","National Guard Appropriation","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation - Part I","Registration - Part II","Recipricol Trade - January-April 1958","Reciprocal Trade - June 1958","Reciprocal Trade - July 1958","Reciprocal Trade and Dan River Mills - Letters and Cards, May 1958","Segregation - Jan. - June 1958","Segregation - November 1958","Segregation - December 1958","Social Security","Supreme Court","Taxation","Tennessee Valley Authority - H.R 4266","Un-American Activities Coommittee","Veterans","Veterans of World War I, Charter for -H.R. 4412","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking","Civil Rights","Education","Housing","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Juke Box Bill - H.R. 5921 - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Juke Box Bill - H.R. 5921 - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 4659 re: Supreme Court","Labor Legislation - 1959 to mid- June","Labor Legislation - 1959 mid-June to August 1","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part I","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part II","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part III","Labor Legislation - September - November 1959","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part I","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part III","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part IV","Mine Saferty Act Amendement - H.R. 8741","National Federation of Independent Business - ballots","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation","Retirement Act - Self-Emplyed - H.R. 10","Social Security","T.V.A.","Un-American Activities Part I","Un-American Activities Part II","Unemployment Compensasion","Veterans","Water Pollution Control Act","Wild Horses - H.R. 2725","Agriculture","Appropriations","Civil Rights Legislation","Education","Forand Bill - H.R. 4700","Highway Legislation","Internal Revenue Code Amendment - H.R. 12209","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Part III","Judiciary Committee - Part IV","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 615 - Contempt citation, N.Y. Port Authority Officials","Judiciary Committee - Omnibus Judgeship Bill - H.R. 12552","Judiciary Committee - \"Team-Sports\" Bill - S. 3483","Judiciary Committee - Cato Brothers - H.R. 11756","Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Regulation Compact - H.J. Res. 402","John H. Kerr Dam Project (Buggs Island) - H.R. 5775","Labor","Labor - \"Featherbedding Bill\" - H.R. 9381","Labor - Secondary Boycotts - S. 2643","Miscellaneous - Jan. - Feb. 1960","Miscellaneous - March - April 1960","Miscellaneous - May 1960","MIscellaneous - June - July 1960","Miscellaneous - Aug.- Dec. 1960","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part I","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security","Taxation","Un-American Activities Committee - Part I","Un-American Activities Committee - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee - Part III","Vascoe","Veterans","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking","Education - Part I","Education - Part II","Highway Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee- \"Impeach Chief Justice Warren\"","Judiciary Committee - Re: Supreme Court Judges","Labor - Part II","Labor - Part III","Medical Care for Aged","Mine Safery Bill - H.R. 5741","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- March 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation - April - May 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- June 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- July 1961","Miscellaneous Ligislation- Agust 1961","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part I","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation - H.R. 5937, S. 1089, S. 1197","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part I","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part II","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part Iii","Social Security","Taxation - Part I","Taxation - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee - Jan. 1961","Un-American Activities Committee - Feb.-March 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- April-June 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- July-Sept. 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- Oct. - Dec. 1961","Veterans","Agriculture - Part I","Agriculture - Part II","Appropriations","Education","Highway Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judicary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Part III","Judiciary Committee - Subcommittee #3- Summary","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 70 - Part I","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 70 - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 71","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 627 Copyrights","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 3 - States Rights Bill","Judiciary Committee - Potomac River Compact - H.J. Res. 659","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 693 and 694","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10992 re : Jurisdiction of Supreme Court.","Labor","Medical Care - Jan. - April 1962","Medical Care - May 1962","Medical Care - June and Later - 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - January 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - February 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - March 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, April 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, May 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, June 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, July 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, August 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation- September 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - October - December 1962","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots, Part 1","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots, Part 2","Peanut Price Supports","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security","Supreme Court Decision - 1962 re: School Prayers","Taxation, Part 1","Taxation, Part 2","Textile Imports, Part 1","Textile Imports, Part 2","Trade Expansion Act - H.R. 9900 and H.R. 11970","Transportation, Part 1","Transportation, Part 2","Committee on Un-American Activities January-April, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, May-July, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, August, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, September-December, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activities, Film \"Operation Abolition\"","U.N. Bonds","Urban Affairs","Veterans","Agriculture","Agriculture - Cooley Cotton Bill - H.R. 6196","Appropriations","Civil Rights - May - June 1963","Civil Rights - July, 1963","Civil Rights - August, 1963","Civil Rights - September, 1963","Civil Rights - October, 1963","Civil Rights - November 1963, Part 1","Civil Rights - November 1963 Part 2","Civil Rights -December 1963","Civil Rights - Form Letters- December , 1963 - Part 1","Civil Rights - Form Letters December, 1963 - Part 2","Civil Rights - Form Letters December. 1963 - Part 3","Civil Rights - Committee for Fundamental Freedoms","Civil Rights - NAACP Letters","Civil Rights - H.R. 7329- amend criminal laws ---","Education","Highways","Judiciary - Part 1","Judiciary - Part 2","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 7194","Judiciary Committee - relief of Dr. Alkinoos Courlekis - H.R. 8701","Labor","Military Pay Bill - H.R. 5555","Miscellaneous Legislation - January - February, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - March, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - March, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - May, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - June, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - July, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - August, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - September, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - October, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - November - December, 1963","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots","Post Office and Civil Service","Gen. L.B. Puller- Congressional Medal of Honor papers, H.R. 11685 and 11689","Railroads","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers","Taxation - Jan.-April 1963","Taxation - May-December 1963","Textile Legislation","Transportation","Un-American Activities Committee- Jan. - May. 1963","Un-American Activities Committee - June-July 1963","Un-American Activities Committee- August-December 1963","Un-American Activities Committee - H. R. 950 - N.S.A. Bill","Veterans","Agriculture","Agriculture - H.R. 11239 - Import limitations on meat, etc","Agricutture -Farmers Bulletin Mailing","Yearbook of Agriculture - 1964","Appalachain Bill","Appropriations","Civil Rights - January, 1964","Civil Rights - February 1964","Civil Rights - March 1964","Civil Rights - April 1964","Civil Rights - May-August 1964","Civil Rights - Sept. - Dec. 1964","Education","Infant Care","Judiciary Committee - Jan-May 1964","Judiciary Committee - June - July, 1964","Judiciary Committee - August - September 1964","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 8564 - To provide punishment for misbehavior","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 8911 - Relief of Mrs. Louise B. Rogers---","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10501 - Relief of Elvira Constantini","Labor","Medicare","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - March - April, 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - May - June 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - July - November 1964","National Foundation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - June 1964","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - July - December 1964","Poll Tax Legislation","Post Office and Civil Service","Poverty - War on","Social Security","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part 1","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part II","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part III","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - part IV","Supreme Court - H.R. 12293 - Re: stay of proceedings ---","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers: Jan. - March 1964","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers: April, 1964 - Part 1","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: April, 1964 - Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: May 1964 - Part I","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: May 1964 -Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers : May 1964 - Part III","Supreme Court Decision - School prayersL May 1964 - Part IV","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: June 1964 - Part I","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: June 1964 - Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers : July - December 1964","Taxation","Tobacco - H.J. Res. 1089 - Re: labelling of cigarettes","Un-American Activities Committee","Un-American Activities Committee - C.O.R.E. and other specific organizations","Veterans","Agriculture - Part I","Agriculture - Part II","Appalachian Region development act","Appropriations","Copyright- Part I","Copyright - Part II","Education","Firearms bill","Judiciary Committee - Jan.-Feb., 1965","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - Feb., 1965","Judiciary Committee - March-June, 1965","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 4505 - Robert Alexander","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 7054 - amend criminal code","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - Jan. - April 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - May 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - June 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - July 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act- Repeal of Sec. 14b - Aug. - November 1965","Medicare","Miscellaneous Legislation - January - February 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - March - April 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - May, 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - June, 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - July 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - August - December 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation- S. 1698 re: Bank merger act","Museum Bill - S. 2273","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - May 1965","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - June - December 1965","New Jersey Zinc Co. - re: Lead - zinc mining legislation","Post Office and Civil Service","Reapportionment, Congressional","Pete Seeger and \"We Shall Overcome\"","Social Security","Supreme Court Rulings - Public prayer and related subjects","Supreme Court - H.R. 1584 - defining jurisdiction","Supreme Court - Re: Impeachment of Earl Warren","Taxation","Tabacco Acreage","Un-American Activities Committee","Un-American Activities Committee - Unanswered letters","Unemployment Compensation Benefits - H.R. 8282","Veterans","Voting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part I","Voting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part II","Agriculture","Robert Alexander - H.R. 1398","Appropriations","Banking and Currency","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - April and May","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June - Part I","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part II","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part III","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part IV","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part V","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - July 1966","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - August - October 1966","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - Minority views on H.R. 14765","Education","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - April 1966","Judiciary Committee - May - July 1966","Judiciary Committee - Aug. - Dec. 1966","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 1761 etc. for R. Gordon Finney","Ku Klux Klan","Labor - Jan. - April 1966","Labor - May - October 1966","Labor - Taft - Hartley Act - Sec. 14b","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - March 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - April 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - May 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - June - July 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - August 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - September 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - October - December 1966","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - January - June 1966","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - July - December 1966","Post Office and Civil Service","Post Office - Parcel Post Bill H.R. 14904","Congressional Reapportionment - Part I","Congressional Reapportionment - Part II","Rural Electrification","Social Security","Taxation - January - July 1966","Taxation - August - Dec. 1966","Un-American Activities Committee - Part I","Un-American Activities Committee - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee Part III","Un-American Activities Committee Part IV","Veterans","Agriculture","Airline Strike - 1967 Proposed legislation","Appropriations Committee","Armed Services","Banking and Currency","Chaves, Juan F. - H.R. 10345 and 5062","Civil Rights","Education","Firearms Legislation - Part I","Firearms Legislation - Part II","Firearms Legislation - Part III","Highway Legislation 1967","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - March 1967","Judiciary Committee - April - June 1967","Judiciary Committee - July - September 1967","Judiciary Committee - October - Dec. 1967","Judiciary - S. 1540 - Judge A. D. Barksdale's legal treatise","Judiciary - Copyright laws","Judiciary Committee - Patent legislation 1967","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - May - June 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - July - August 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - September - October 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - November - December 1967","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - July 1967","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - August - December 1967","Post Office and Civil Service.","Poverty Program","Powell, Congressman Adam Clayton - 90th Congress","Railway Post Office Service - re: discontinuance of certain trains","Rhodesia","Riot Control - H.R. 596","Social Security","Taxation","Taxation - 10% Surtax Proposal","Un-American Activities Committee - Jan. - July 1967","Un-American Activities Committee - August - December 1967","Veterans","Vietnam","Vietnam - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution","Voting Rights Act","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking and Currency","Civil Rights - Part I","Civil Rights - Part II","Dairy Products - imports - H.R. 7946","Education","Firearms legislation --- through June 1968","Firearms Legislation --- July and later 1968","Judiciary Committee","Judiciary Committee - S.J. Res. 1 - Prayer in public schools","Labor","Motor Vehicles Legislation - Weights and Measurments","Miscellanrous Legislation January - May 1968","Miscellaneous Legislation - June and later 1968","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part 1","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part III","Post Office and Civil Service","Post Office Committee - H.R. 9480 - Postage Rates","re: Pueblo","Social Security","Supreme Court Appointments","Taxation","Taxation - H.R. 15414","Un-American Activities Committee - January - May 1968","Un-American Activities Committee - June - December 1968","Veterans","Vietnam","Fifth District Correspondence, 1953-1966 - arranged alphabetically by counties and cities. Folders 4466-4903","A-H","I-Z","A-L","M-Z","A","B","Bridge (proposed) over New River Near Fries","Bridge over New River - Grayson Co.","Bridge over New River - Grayson Co","C- Part I","C- Part II","D","E","F","G","Gallimore, Mrs Maretta - Dugspur, Va","H","I","J","K","L","La Rue, Charles Bradford - H.R. 9442, Private Bill","Mc","M","N","O","P","Q","R","Ross, Margaret E.","S","Soil Survey, Grayson County","T","U","V","W","X, Y, Z","A","B","C","C","C","D","E","F","G","G","H","H","I-J","Independence Sewer Project","K","L","Lineberry, Wayne P.","M","Morris, Sgt. Charles B.","Mc","N","O","P","Price, Grafton C.","Q-R","S","Soil Conservation Job- Grayson County","T","U-V","W","Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Webb - Knot Hill Motor Court, Hillsville, Va.","A-B","C","D","E","F *Note* For Charlotte County G-Mc, 1953-1960 see folders 4869-4871","N-O","P","R-S","T-V","W-Z","A - Charlotte","B - Charlotte","C","D","E","F","G","H-I-J-K","Kyanite Mining Corp","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","Roanoke Creek Watershed Project","S-V","W-Z","A","B","C","C","D","D","W.C. (Dan) Daniel,","W.C. (Dan) Daniel","E-F","Andrew A. Farley","G","Grant Passports and Visas","H","Capt. Kahzo L. Harris","Herman, Milton","I-K","Jacob, Mrs. Liane","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","S","T","U-V","W-Z","A","B","B","B","B","Baker, Sandra Leigh","C","C","Civil War Centennial - Danville","D","D","D","Danville Armory","Danville - Racial Dmonstrations - 1963","Tobacco Graders (gifts)","E","F","F","G","Walter Grant - Passport and Visa Information","H","H","Heard, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. W.C.","J","K","L","L","Moehler, E.C. (Swiss engineer)","Mc","N-O","P","R","S","S","Danville","T","T","U-V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A-C","D-E","F-G","H-J","K-M","N-P","R-S","R-S","Booker T. Washington - Birthplace Memorial","A-B","C","D-E","F","G","H","I-K","Kinsey, Wilbur L. - Boones Mill","L-M-Mc","N-P","R-S","T-U","V-Z","A","A","A","B","B","B","Roy M. Blanks","C","C","C","C","C","Clarke, Morell - Re: tobacco parity","D","Edward Dorsey","E","E","F","G","G","G","H","H","H","H","Halifax County - Industrial Site Survey","I-J","K","Kritselis, Vasiliki E. - H.R. 11649","L","L","Landram, Wm. Hart","M","M","Mc","McKinney, F.L. - memorial excercises","N","O","Oliver, Phillip B.","P","P","Q-R","S","S","S","S","S","S","South Boston - 75th Anniversary celebration","T","T","U-V","W","W","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","B","C","C","C","C","C","C","D","D","Daystrom Inc.","E","E","F","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","H","H","I","J","K","L","L","L","L","M","M","Mc","N","O","P","P","P","P","P","R","R","S","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","W","X-Y-Z","A","B","B","C","Choi, Bok Dong","D-E","F-G","H","I-L","M-Mc","Marrowbone Watershed Plan - Henry County","Martinsville Motel Corp.","N-O","P-R","S","S","T-V","W-Z","A","B","B","C","C","D-F","G","H","H","I-K","L","M","Mc","N-O","P","R","S","S","S","T-V","W","X-Y-Z","A-C","D-K","L-O","P-Z","A-B","C","D-G","H-L","M-R","S-Z","A-B","C","D-G","H","I-O","R-S","R-S","A","B","C","Chaney, Peter","Coles, Mrs. Gracie M.","D-E","F-G","Gretna ABC Store","H","I-L","M-Mc","O-P","Q-S","T-V","W-Z","A","B","C","D","E-F","G","H","H","I-L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","S","T-V","W-Z","Walton, Bobby Dean","A","B","C","F","G","H","I-J","K-N","O-R","S","T-V","W-Z","G-H","I-L","M-Mc","A","B","C","Corey, John R. - Wytheville","D","E-F","Fragakis, Demetrios I.","G","Gillman, William H. - Wytheville","H","Huddle, Mary George","I","Interstate Highway","Interstate Highway","J","K-L","Lake-Stony Fork","M-Mc","N-P","Philpott Dam","Q-R","S","T-V","W","W","W","Wythe Ciunty - Political","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","X-Y-Z","Arranged alphabetically by year","A","B","B","C","C","D","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","Mc","N","O","P","R","S","S","T","T","U-V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","B","B","B","C","C","C","C","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","I-J","K","L","L","M-Mc","M-Mc","N","N","O","P","P","R","R","R","S","S","S","T","U-V","W","W","W","Wilkinson, Isham T.","X-Y-Z","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I-J-K","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","Q-R","S","T","T","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","Byrd, Harry F. Jr.","C","C","Chan, Kew","Coe, Marshall E.","D","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","I-J","K","L","Lane, Landon B.","M","Mc","N","N","O","P","P","Q","R","R","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E-F","G","H","I-J-K","L","Lane, Landon B.","M","Mc","N","Norfolk \u0026 Western Mergers","O-P","Q-R","\"Richmond Times Dispatch\"- Articles on Congressional Extravagance","S","S","T-U","V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","in re: Almond, J. Lindsey, Jr.","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","D","D","Darden Proposal","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","I-J","K","John F. Kennedy Assassination","L","Lane, L.B.","Lewis, Meriweather, \u0026 Mary Fran.","M","M","Mc","Mississippi- Intergrated Schools","N","N","O","Orgain, J.R., Jr.","P","P","R","R","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","V","W","W","W, Part II","X-Y-Z","A","A","Almon, James Lindsay, Jr.- Articles by Luther J. Carter, Norfolk, Virginian Pilot","B","B","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Sr.","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","D","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","I","J","K","L","L","M","M","Mc","N","O","P","P","Q-R","R","S","S","T","T","V","W-Part I","W-Part II","W-Part I","W-Part II","X-Y-Z","A","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","Bellamy Flag Award","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","C","C","D","D","D","Davis, Champion, McDowell","E","E","F","F","Freedom Studies Center of the Institute for American Strategy","G","G","H","H","H","H","I","J","J","K","K","L","L","L","L","Lawson Brothers-- Charleston West Virginia","M","M","M","Mc","N","N","O","P","P","P","Q","R","R","S","S","S","S","S","S","T","T","T","U","V","V","V","V","W","W","W","W","Wytheville--Army Reserve Unit","X-Y-Z","Arranged Alphabetically by topic. Folders 5241-5670.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part X","Part XI","Part XII","Part XIII","Part XIV","Part XV","Part XVI","Part I","Part II","A","B","C","D","E-F-G","H-L","M-O","P","Q-Z","A","B Bagby-Barley","B Barnes- Bennett","B Blair-Bondurant","B Bowdre-Bush","C Calhoun-Cole","C Compson-Cumbie","D Dallas-Dowdy","D Drew-Dyer","E","F","G Gantsoudes-Giles","G Glass-Guthrie","H Hairston-Harrell","H Harrison-Hensley","H Herndon-Hunt","I-J","K","L","M Mann-McMann","M Meade-Milton","M Minix-Myers","N-O","P Parks-Pinckard","P Pleasants-Pulliam","Q-R Quesenberry-Reeves","R Reid-Rumney","S Satterwhite-Shelton","S Sheperd-Shelton","S Smith-Stone","S Stratton-Swanson","T Taylor-Tuck","T Tucker-Turner","V","W Waleski-Watlington","W Watson-Wilborn","W Williams-Wilson","W-Y Wolcott-Yeatts","County Mass Meeting","Speech on Television","Chamber of Commerce of the US","Danville Chamber of Commerce","West Virginia Chamber of Commerce","Alabama State Chamber of Commerce","Virginia Postal Clerks Convention","Opening Danville Tobacco Market","Danville Kiwanis District Meeting","Ernest C. Lacy Memorial Service","Bicentennial Celebration","Annual Banquet, Comissioners of the Revenue","Virginia Museum of the Fine Arts","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce","District Ruritan Meeting","Hargrave Military Academy","Halifax County High School","Virginia Road Builders Association","Young Democrats Convention","Jarman Hall, Longwood College","Retail Merchants Association","Graduation exercises, College of William and Mary","Red Men Rally","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Kiwanis Club","Hampton Roads Maritime Association","Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner","2nd District Democratic Club","Virgnia Manufacturers Association","Middlesex Chapter Defenders of State Soveriegnty and Individual Liberties","Virginians of Maryland Society","New Kent County Chapter Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Byrd Testimonial Dinner","Prillman Family Reunion","Parent- Teacher Association","Virginia Education Fund Drive","Old Belt Tobacco Growers Meeting","Presentation of portrait, late Chief Justice Hudgins","The American Legion","Phillip Morris Research Center","Christmas Seal Sale Program","Virginia Hereford Association","radio broadcast Manion Forum","Memorial Day Service","Rural Letter Carriers Association","US Army Reserve Center","Opening of Civil War Centenial","Civil War Commission","Right-to-Work Law","Dedication of Red Bank Medical Clinic","Parent - Teacher Association, Halifax County High School","Ruritan Clubs","US Chamber of Commerce Radio Program Right-to-Work Law","Civil War Commission","Ruritan Club Shad Bake","Roanoke River Basin Association","Annual Memorial Day Parade, American Legion","Dedication of building for veterans of foreign wars.","Northern Virginia Builders Association.","Speech honoring Robert H. Porterfield.","Young Democratic Club of Pittsylvania County","United Givers Fund Drive","Halifax Lion's Club","Front Royal and Warren County Chamber of Commerce","Sertoma Club","Hugh T. Williams Post, V.F.W.","Christmas Seal Campaign.","House of Representatives, Civil Rights","Ruritan National Convention","Richmond Traffic Club","Memorial Day Excercises","Democratic Fundraising Dinner","Oak Hill Academy Commencement Excercises","Chatham Chamber of Commerce Dinner","Franklin County Farm Bureau","Bedford County Chamber of Commerce Agricultural Field Day","Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service","Dedication of Martinsville Armory","Dedication of Virgilina Post Office","ASCS Meeting","Voluntary Fire Department","Dedication of Public Library","United Givers Fund","Franklin Co. Milk Producers' Association","Carroll Grayson Chamber of Commerce Meeting","Pilot Club International","4-H Center, West Central District","Democratic Rally","APVA Meeting","Virginia Petroleum Industries Banquet","Virginia Carolina Space Exposition","Dedication Interstate-Highway #85","Chamber of Commerce Meeting","Dedication of Bridge","Virginia Association of Soil and Water District Supervisors","The Wednesday Club","Reapportionment","Dedication of new Post Office","Dedication- Fish Hatchery","Dedication- Cornelia Nixon Davis Nursing Home","House of Representatives- Civil Rights Bill","United Givers Fund.","Young Farmers Association","Scottish Rite Reunion Banquet","Patrick Henry Boys Plantation","Dedication of New Post Office","Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys","Sons of the American Revolution","Dedication of Twin Counties Airport","Memorial Service - The Elks Home","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","I","II","III","IV","V","VI","VII","VIII","Anecdotes, etc.","Photographs","Poetry collected by Tuck","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Democratic Party (U.S.)","United States Congress","Virginia House of Delegates","Virginia State Senate","Tuck, William Munford","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968"],"collection_ssim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, 1918/1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 68 T79","/repositories/2/resources/843"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 68 T79","/repositories/2/resources/843"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and Government"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and Government"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Governors","Virginia--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and Government"],"creator_ssm":["Tuck, William Munford"],"creator_ssim":["Tuck, William Munford"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tuck, William Munford"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Democratic Party (U.S.)","United States Congress","Virginia House of Delegates","Virginia State Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Tuck, William Munford","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Democratic Party (U.S.)","United States Congress","Virginia House of Delegates","Virginia State Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Communism--Post 1945","Communism--United States","Fundraising campaigns","Legal documents","Segregation in education--Virginia","United States--Politics and Government","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","Agendas (administrative records)","Correspondence","Financial records","Invitations","Invoices","Maps","Petitions","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Technical reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Communism--Post 1945","Communism--United States","Fundraising campaigns","Legal documents","Segregation in education--Virginia","United States--Politics and Government","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities","Agendas (administrative records)","Correspondence","Financial records","Invitations","Invoices","Maps","Petitions","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Technical reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["141.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["141.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Agendas (administrative records)","Correspondence","Financial records","Invitations","Invoices","Maps","Petitions","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Technical reports"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Law Practice Files, A-Z is restricted. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Series 1: Law Practice Files, A-Z is restricted. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e5670 folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["5670 folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Munford \"Bill\" Tuck was born 28 September 1896 in Haifax County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. He received a law degree from Washington and Lee University. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates and in the Viginia Senate. Tuck served as lietenant-governor, governor and Congressman. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/William_Munford_Tuck\" title=\"William Munford Tuck\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Munford \"Bill\" Tuck was born 28 September 1896 in Haifax County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. He received a law degree from Washington and Lee University. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates and in the Viginia Senate. Tuck served as lietenant-governor, governor and Congressman. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePart or all of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["Part or all of this collection is stored offsite. Consult a staff member for assistance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Munford Tuck Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William Munford Tuck Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Henry Hoar. Original order has been maintained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Henry Hoar. Original order has been maintained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection is housed off-site. At least 72 hours advanced notice is required for retrieval.\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1918-1968, of William Munford Tuck, Democrat, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Virginia State Senate, lieutenant-governor, governor, and congressman. Tuck's law practice files and his correspondence, 1950-1953, are arranged alphabetically. His congressional file is arranged alphabetically and the legislation files are arranged by session and then alphabetically by topic. However, the Fifth District correspondence is arranged by counties and cities. His Congressional speeches are in Group XV. The election correspondence is arranged by city, county and out-of-state. The personal correspondence of the gubernatorial term is arranged chronologically. The political correspondence of the gubernatorial term is in two files. The first file is arranged alphabetically by subject (and chronologically within). The second is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes papers of other members of firm, particularly John Martin. This series is restricted. Consult a staff member for details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMixture of political correspondence and papers of Tuck's law practice\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Assembly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHouse of Delegates campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoosevelt campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge C. Peery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePromises\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplication for commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection as Lieutenant Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart V\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VIII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IX\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection as Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart V\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VIII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IX\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart X\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart XI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart XII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart XIII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart XIV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003epart V\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart VI\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject, and chronologically within.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart V\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA-Z\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote for collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA.B.C. License\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA-Z\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1951\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA-Z\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegislation- Arranged first by session, and topically, A-Z, within.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlcoholic Beverages\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConstitutional Amendment regarding Treaty Agreements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEcho Park Dam\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederal Construction Contract Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHawaii and Alaska Statehood\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterstate Commerce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, 1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, 1954\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. H.R. 8093\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Comittee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. Re: Printing of envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. Re: Rural route consolidation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2685 - Parcel post shipments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee - 1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee- 1954\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee. Summary of activities of 83rd Congress\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRailroad Retirement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSt. Lawrence Seaway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalaries of Members of Congress and Judges\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelective Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith Mountain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation - 1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation - 1954\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxes - graduated tobacco\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade Agreements Extension Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture - Part 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlcoholic Beverages, advertisement of\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFair Trade\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHighways\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee- Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Commitee - Federal District Courts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Training and Selective Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNatural Gas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office \u0026amp; Civil Service Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Works Projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalaries of Members of Congress and Federal Judges\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalaries of Servicemen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTariffs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTax Returns - Persons permitted to assist in the filing of Federal tax returns, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlcoholic Beverage - Advertising\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBank Holding Companies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColorado River Project\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHughway Legislation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterstate Commerce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Auto Dealers Legislation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Bankruptcy Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Civil Procedure - Rules\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Civil Rights\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Federal Courts - Forrester Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 11 - Robinson - Patman Act Amendment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Woodrow Wilson Memorial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNatural Gas Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security Amendments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTariffs and Foreign Trade\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTVA Handbook\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWater Pollution Control Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAirport - Northern Virgins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBudget - Federal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights - Part III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation - Federal Aid\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHumane Slaughter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Federal District Courts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 11 and S. 11 - Robinson-Patman Act Amendments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Part III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Part IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRailroad Retirement, etc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSegregation - Jan. - Dec. 1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTariffs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTobacco\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTobacco Acreage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTobacco Bill - H.R. 9990\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlcoholic Beverage Advertisements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuggs Island Reservoir Area - H.R. 11262 - Sale of Timber\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorgas, Stavros - S. 1227\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHumane Slaughter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Federal District Courts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 3 - States Rights\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - January 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous February 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - March 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - April 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - May 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - June 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - July 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous - August 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Guard Appropriation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRailroad Legislation - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegistration - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecipricol Trade - January-April 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReciprocal Trade - June 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReciprocal Trade - July 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReciprocal Trade and Dan River Mills - Letters and Cards, May 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSegregation - Jan. - June 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSegregation - November 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSegregation - December 1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTennessee Valley Authority - H.R 4266\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Coommittee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans of World War I, Charter for -H.R. 4412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHousing\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - 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Res. 1089 - Re: labelling of cigarettes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - C.O.R.E. and other specific organizations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppalachian Region development act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright- Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirearms bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Jan.-Feb., 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Jan. - Feb., 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - March-June, 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 4505 - Robert Alexander\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 7054 - amend criminal code\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - Jan. - April 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - May 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - June 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - July 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Taft-Hartley Act- Repeal of Sec. 14b - Aug. - November 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMedicare\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - January - February 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - March - April 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - May, 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - June, 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - July 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - August - December 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation- S. 1698 re: Bank merger act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuseum Bill - S. 2273\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - May 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - June - December 1965\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew Jersey Zinc Co. - re: Lead - zinc mining legislation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReapportionment, Congressional\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePete Seeger and \"We Shall Overcome\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court Rulings - Public prayer and related subjects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court - H.R. 1584 - defining jurisdiction\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court - Re: Impeachment of Earl Warren\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTabacco Acreage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - Unanswered letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnemployment Compensation Benefits - H.R. 8282\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Alexander - H.R. 1398\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking and Currency\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - April and May\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - June - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part IV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part V\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - July 1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - August - October 1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights Act of 1966 - Minority views on H.R. 14765\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Jan. - April 1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - May - July 1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Aug. - Dec. 1966\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - H.R. 1761 etc. for R. 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D. Barksdale's legal treatise\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary - Copyright laws\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - Patent legislation 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - May - June 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - July - August 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - September - October 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - November - December 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - July 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - August - December 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoverty Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowell, Congressman Adam Clayton - 90th Congress\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRailway Post Office Service - re: discontinuance of certain trains\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRhodesia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRiot Control - H.R. 596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation - 10% Surtax Proposal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - Jan. - July 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - August - December 1967\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVietnam\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVietnam - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Rights Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppropriations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking and Currency\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights - Part I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDairy Products - imports - H.R. 7946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirearms legislation --- through June 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirearms Legislation --- July and later 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudiciary Committee - S.J. Res. 1 - Prayer in public schools\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMotor Vehicles Legislation - Weights and Measurments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellanrous Legislation January - May 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous Legislation - June and later 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part III\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office and Civil Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePost Office Committee - H.R. 9480 - Postage Rates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere: Pueblo\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court Appointments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxation - H.R. 15414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - January - May 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUn-American Activities Committee - June - December 1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVeterans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVietnam\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFifth District Correspondence, 1953-1966 - arranged alphabetically by counties and cities. 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(Dan) Daniel,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW.C. (Dan) Daniel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eE-F\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrew A. Farley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eG\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrant Passports and Visas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Kahzo L. 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Washington - Birthplace Memorial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA-B\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eD-E\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eG\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI-K\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKinsey, Wilbur L. - Boones Mill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eL-M-Mc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eN-P\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR-S\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eT-U\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eV-Z\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoy M. 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Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is housed off-site. At least 72 hours advanced notice is required for retrieval.","Papers, 1918-1968, of William Munford Tuck, Democrat, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Virginia State Senate, lieutenant-governor, governor, and congressman. Tuck's law practice files and his correspondence, 1950-1953, are arranged alphabetically. His congressional file is arranged alphabetically and the legislation files are arranged by session and then alphabetically by topic. However, the Fifth District correspondence is arranged by counties and cities. His Congressional speeches are in Group XV. The election correspondence is arranged by city, county and out-of-state. The personal correspondence of the gubernatorial term is arranged chronologically. The political correspondence of the gubernatorial term is in two files. The first file is arranged alphabetically by subject (and chronologically within). The second is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.","Includes papers of other members of firm, particularly John Martin. This series is restricted. Consult a staff member for details.","Mixture of political correspondence and papers of Tuck's law practice","General Assembly","House of Delegates campaign","Roosevelt campaign","George C. Peery","Promises","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Application for commission.","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Election as Lieutenant Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part I","Part II","Election as Governor. Arranged by city, county, and out-of-state.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part X","Part XI","Part XII","Part XIII","Part XIV","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","part V","Part VI","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Arranged alphabetically by subject, and chronologically within.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Arranged alphabetically by correspondence","Arranged chronologically","Part I","Part II","A-Z","Note for collection.","A.B.C. License","A-Z","1950","1951","1952","1953","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part 1","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","A-Z","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Legislation- Arranged first by session, and topically, A-Z, within.","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverages","Appropriations","Constitutional Amendment regarding Treaty Agreements","Echo Park Dam","Education","Federal Construction Contract Act","Hawaii and Alaska Statehood","Interstate Commerce","Labor","Miscellaneous, 1953","Miscellaneous, 1954","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 8093","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part I","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Comittee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part II","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2344 - to increase postal salaries. Part III","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Re: Printing of envelopes.","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Re: Rural route consolidation","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. H.R. 2685 - Parcel post shipments.","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee - 1953","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee- 1954","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee. Summary of activities of 83rd Congress","Railroad Retirement","St. Lawrence Seaway","Salaries of Members of Congress and Judges","Selective Service","Smith Mountain","Social Security","Taxation - 1953","Taxation - 1954","Taxes - graduated tobacco","Trade Agreements Extension Act","Veterans","Agriculture - Part 1","Agriculture - Part II","Alcoholic Beverages, advertisement of","Appropriations Miscellaneous","Fair Trade","Highways","Judiciary Committee- Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Commitee - Federal District Courts","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Military Training and Selective Service","Miscellaneous - Part I","Miscellaneous - Part II","Natural Gas","Post Office \u0026 Civil Service Committee","Public Works Projects","Salaries of Members of Congress and Federal Judges","Salaries of Servicemen","Social Security","Tariffs","Taxes","Tax Returns - Persons permitted to assist in the filing of Federal tax returns, etc.","Veterans","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverage - Advertising","Bank Holding Companies","Colorado River Project","Education","Hughway Legislation","Interstate Commerce","Judiciary Committee - Auto Dealers Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Bankruptcy Act","Judiciary Committee - Civil Procedure - Rules","Judiciary Committee - Civil Rights","Judiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts","Judiciary Committee - Federal Construction Contracts","Judiciary Committee - Federal Courts - Forrester Bill","Judiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part 1","Judiciary Committee - Miscellaneous - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 11 - Robinson - Patman Act Amendment","Judiciary Committee - Woodrow Wilson Memorial","Miscellaneous - Part II","Miscellaneous - Part I","Natural Gas Bill","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security Amendments","Tariffs and Foreign Trade","Taxes","TVA Handbook","Veterans","Water Pollution Control Act","Agriculture","Airport - Northern Virgins","Appropriations","Budget - Federal","Civil Rights - Part I","Civil Rights - Part II","Civil Rights - Part III","Education - Federal Aid","Humane Slaughter","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Federal District Courts","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 11 and S. 11 - Robinson-Patman Act Amendments","Labor","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part I","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part III","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part IV","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Retirement, etc","Segregation - Jan. - Dec. 1957","Social Security","Tariffs","Taxation","Tobacco","Tobacco Acreage","Tobacco Bill - H.R. 9990","Veterans","Agriculture","Alcoholic Beverage Advertisements","Appropriations","Buggs Island Reservoir Area - H.R. 11262 - Sale of Timber","Education","Georgas, Stavros - S. 1227","Humane Slaughter","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Federal District Courts","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 3 - States Rights","Labor","Miscellaneous - January 1958","Miscellaneous February 1958","Miscellaneous - March 1958","Miscellaneous - April 1958","Miscellaneous - May 1958","Miscellaneous - June 1958","Miscellaneous - July 1958","Miscellaneous - August 1958","National Guard Appropriation","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation - Part I","Registration - Part II","Recipricol Trade - January-April 1958","Reciprocal Trade - June 1958","Reciprocal Trade - July 1958","Reciprocal Trade and Dan River Mills - Letters and Cards, May 1958","Segregation - Jan. - June 1958","Segregation - November 1958","Segregation - December 1958","Social Security","Supreme Court","Taxation","Tennessee Valley Authority - H.R 4266","Un-American Activities Coommittee","Veterans","Veterans of World War I, Charter for -H.R. 4412","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking","Civil Rights","Education","Housing","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Juke Box Bill - H.R. 5921 - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Juke Box Bill - H.R. 5921 - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 4659 re: Supreme Court","Labor Legislation - 1959 to mid- June","Labor Legislation - 1959 mid-June to August 1","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part I","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part II","Labor Legislation - August 1959 - Part III","Labor Legislation - September - November 1959","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part I","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part III","Miscellaneous Legislation - Part IV","Mine Saferty Act Amendement - H.R. 8741","National Federation of Independent Business - ballots","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation","Retirement Act - Self-Emplyed - H.R. 10","Social Security","T.V.A.","Un-American Activities Part I","Un-American Activities Part II","Unemployment Compensasion","Veterans","Water Pollution Control Act","Wild Horses - H.R. 2725","Agriculture","Appropriations","Civil Rights Legislation","Education","Forand Bill - H.R. 4700","Highway Legislation","Internal Revenue Code Amendment - H.R. 12209","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Part III","Judiciary Committee - Part IV","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 615 - Contempt citation, N.Y. Port Authority Officials","Judiciary Committee - Omnibus Judgeship Bill - H.R. 12552","Judiciary Committee - \"Team-Sports\" Bill - S. 3483","Judiciary Committee - Cato Brothers - H.R. 11756","Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Regulation Compact - H.J. Res. 402","John H. Kerr Dam Project (Buggs Island) - H.R. 5775","Labor","Labor - \"Featherbedding Bill\" - H.R. 9381","Labor - Secondary Boycotts - S. 2643","Miscellaneous - Jan. - Feb. 1960","Miscellaneous - March - April 1960","Miscellaneous - May 1960","MIscellaneous - June - July 1960","Miscellaneous - Aug.- Dec. 1960","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part I","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security","Taxation","Un-American Activities Committee - Part I","Un-American Activities Committee - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee - Part III","Vascoe","Veterans","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking","Education - Part I","Education - Part II","Highway Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judiciary Committee- \"Impeach Chief Justice Warren\"","Judiciary Committee - Re: Supreme Court Judges","Labor - Part II","Labor - Part III","Medical Care for Aged","Mine Safery Bill - H.R. 5741","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- March 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation - April - May 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- June 1961","Miscellaneous Legislation- July 1961","Miscellaneous Ligislation- Agust 1961","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part I","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","Post Office and Civil Service","Railroad Legislation - H.R. 5937, S. 1089, S. 1197","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part I","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part II","Savings and Loan Association Harrison - Curtis Bills - H.R. 2899-2900- Part Iii","Social Security","Taxation - Part I","Taxation - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee - Jan. 1961","Un-American Activities Committee - Feb.-March 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- April-June 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- July-Sept. 1961","Un-American Activities Committee- Oct. - Dec. 1961","Veterans","Agriculture - Part I","Agriculture - Part II","Appropriations","Education","Highway Legislation","Judiciary Committee - Part I","Judicary Committee - Part II","Judiciary Committee - Part III","Judiciary Committee - Subcommittee #3- Summary","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 70 - Part I","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 70 - Part II","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 71","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 627 Copyrights","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 3 - States Rights Bill","Judiciary Committee - Potomac River Compact - H.J. Res. 659","Judiciary Committee - H.J. Res. 693 and 694","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10992 re : Jurisdiction of Supreme Court.","Labor","Medical Care - Jan. - April 1962","Medical Care - May 1962","Medical Care - June and Later - 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - January 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - February 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - March 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, April 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, May 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, June 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, July 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation, August 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation- September 1962","Miscellaneous Legislation - October - December 1962","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots, Part 1","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots, Part 2","Peanut Price Supports","Post Office and Civil Service","Social Security","Supreme Court Decision - 1962 re: School Prayers","Taxation, Part 1","Taxation, Part 2","Textile Imports, Part 1","Textile Imports, Part 2","Trade Expansion Act - H.R. 9900 and H.R. 11970","Transportation, Part 1","Transportation, Part 2","Committee on Un-American Activities January-April, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, May-July, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, August, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activites, September-December, 1962","Committee on Un-American Activities, Film \"Operation Abolition\"","U.N. Bonds","Urban Affairs","Veterans","Agriculture","Agriculture - Cooley Cotton Bill - H.R. 6196","Appropriations","Civil Rights - May - June 1963","Civil Rights - July, 1963","Civil Rights - August, 1963","Civil Rights - September, 1963","Civil Rights - October, 1963","Civil Rights - November 1963, Part 1","Civil Rights - November 1963 Part 2","Civil Rights -December 1963","Civil Rights - Form Letters- December , 1963 - Part 1","Civil Rights - Form Letters December, 1963 - Part 2","Civil Rights - Form Letters December. 1963 - Part 3","Civil Rights - Committee for Fundamental Freedoms","Civil Rights - NAACP Letters","Civil Rights - H.R. 7329- amend criminal laws ---","Education","Highways","Judiciary - Part 1","Judiciary - Part 2","Judiciary Committee - \"Juke Box\" Bill - H.R. 7194","Judiciary Committee - relief of Dr. Alkinoos Courlekis - H.R. 8701","Labor","Military Pay Bill - H.R. 5555","Miscellaneous Legislation - January - February, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - March, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - March, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - May, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - June, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - July, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - August, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - September, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - October, 1963","Miscellaneous Legislation - November - December, 1963","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots","Post Office and Civil Service","Gen. L.B. Puller- Congressional Medal of Honor papers, H.R. 11685 and 11689","Railroads","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers","Taxation - Jan.-April 1963","Taxation - May-December 1963","Textile Legislation","Transportation","Un-American Activities Committee- Jan. - May. 1963","Un-American Activities Committee - June-July 1963","Un-American Activities Committee- August-December 1963","Un-American Activities Committee - H. R. 950 - N.S.A. Bill","Veterans","Agriculture","Agriculture - H.R. 11239 - Import limitations on meat, etc","Agricutture -Farmers Bulletin Mailing","Yearbook of Agriculture - 1964","Appalachain Bill","Appropriations","Civil Rights - January, 1964","Civil Rights - February 1964","Civil Rights - March 1964","Civil Rights - April 1964","Civil Rights - May-August 1964","Civil Rights - Sept. - Dec. 1964","Education","Infant Care","Judiciary Committee - Jan-May 1964","Judiciary Committee - June - July, 1964","Judiciary Committee - August - September 1964","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 8564 - To provide punishment for misbehavior","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 8911 - Relief of Mrs. Louise B. Rogers---","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 10501 - Relief of Elvira Constantini","Labor","Medicare","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - March - April, 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - May - June 1964","Miscellaneous Legislation - July - November 1964","National Foundation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - June 1964","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - July - December 1964","Poll Tax Legislation","Post Office and Civil Service","Poverty - War on","Social Security","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part 1","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part II","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - Part III","Supreme Court - Bills defining jurisdiction - H.R. 11625 and 11926 - part IV","Supreme Court - H.R. 12293 - Re: stay of proceedings ---","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers: Jan. - March 1964","Supreme Court Decision - School Prayers: April, 1964 - Part 1","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: April, 1964 - Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: May 1964 - Part I","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: May 1964 -Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers : May 1964 - Part III","Supreme Court Decision - School prayersL May 1964 - Part IV","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: June 1964 - Part I","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers: June 1964 - Part II","Supreme Court Decision - School prayers : July - December 1964","Taxation","Tobacco - H.J. Res. 1089 - Re: labelling of cigarettes","Un-American Activities Committee","Un-American Activities Committee - C.O.R.E. and other specific organizations","Veterans","Agriculture - Part I","Agriculture - Part II","Appalachian Region development act","Appropriations","Copyright- Part I","Copyright - Part II","Education","Firearms bill","Judiciary Committee - Jan.-Feb., 1965","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - Feb., 1965","Judiciary Committee - March-June, 1965","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 4505 - Robert Alexander","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 7054 - amend criminal code","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - Jan. - April 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - May 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - June 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act - Repeal of Sec. 14b - July 1965","Labor - Taft-Hartley Act- Repeal of Sec. 14b - Aug. - November 1965","Medicare","Miscellaneous Legislation - January - February 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - March - April 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - May, 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - June, 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - July 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation - August - December 1965","Miscellaneous Legislation- S. 1698 re: Bank merger act","Museum Bill - S. 2273","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - May 1965","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - June - December 1965","New Jersey Zinc Co. - re: Lead - zinc mining legislation","Post Office and Civil Service","Reapportionment, Congressional","Pete Seeger and \"We Shall Overcome\"","Social Security","Supreme Court Rulings - Public prayer and related subjects","Supreme Court - H.R. 1584 - defining jurisdiction","Supreme Court - Re: Impeachment of Earl Warren","Taxation","Tabacco Acreage","Un-American Activities Committee","Un-American Activities Committee - Unanswered letters","Unemployment Compensation Benefits - H.R. 8282","Veterans","Voting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part I","Voting Rights Act of 1965 - H.R. 6400 - Part II","Agriculture","Robert Alexander - H.R. 1398","Appropriations","Banking and Currency","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - April and May","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June - Part I","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part II","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part III","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part IV","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - June 1966 - Part V","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - July 1966","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - August - October 1966","Civil Rights Act of 1966 - Minority views on H.R. 14765","Education","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - April 1966","Judiciary Committee - May - July 1966","Judiciary Committee - Aug. - Dec. 1966","Judiciary Committee - H.R. 1761 etc. for R. Gordon Finney","Ku Klux Klan","Labor - Jan. - April 1966","Labor - May - October 1966","Labor - Taft - Hartley Act - Sec. 14b","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - March 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - April 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - May 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - June - July 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - August 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - September 1966","Miscellaneous Legislation - October - December 1966","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - January - June 1966","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - July - December 1966","Post Office and Civil Service","Post Office - Parcel Post Bill H.R. 14904","Congressional Reapportionment - Part I","Congressional Reapportionment - Part II","Rural Electrification","Social Security","Taxation - January - July 1966","Taxation - August - Dec. 1966","Un-American Activities Committee - Part I","Un-American Activities Committee - Part II","Un-American Activities Committee Part III","Un-American Activities Committee Part IV","Veterans","Agriculture","Airline Strike - 1967 Proposed legislation","Appropriations Committee","Armed Services","Banking and Currency","Chaves, Juan F. - H.R. 10345 and 5062","Civil Rights","Education","Firearms Legislation - Part I","Firearms Legislation - Part II","Firearms Legislation - Part III","Highway Legislation 1967","Judiciary Committee - Jan. - March 1967","Judiciary Committee - April - June 1967","Judiciary Committee - July - September 1967","Judiciary Committee - October - Dec. 1967","Judiciary - S. 1540 - Judge A. D. Barksdale's legal treatise","Judiciary - Copyright laws","Judiciary Committee - Patent legislation 1967","Labor - Part I","Labor - Part II","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - Jan. - Feb. 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - May - June 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - July - August 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - September - October 1967","Miscellaneous Legislation - November - December 1967","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Jan. - July 1967","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - August - December 1967","Post Office and Civil Service.","Poverty Program","Powell, Congressman Adam Clayton - 90th Congress","Railway Post Office Service - re: discontinuance of certain trains","Rhodesia","Riot Control - H.R. 596","Social Security","Taxation","Taxation - 10% Surtax Proposal","Un-American Activities Committee - Jan. - July 1967","Un-American Activities Committee - August - December 1967","Veterans","Vietnam","Vietnam - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution","Voting Rights Act","Agriculture","Appropriations","Banking and Currency","Civil Rights - Part I","Civil Rights - Part II","Dairy Products - imports - H.R. 7946","Education","Firearms legislation --- through June 1968","Firearms Legislation --- July and later 1968","Judiciary Committee","Judiciary Committee - S.J. Res. 1 - Prayer in public schools","Labor","Motor Vehicles Legislation - Weights and Measurments","Miscellanrous Legislation January - May 1968","Miscellaneous Legislation - June and later 1968","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part 1","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part II","National Federation of Independent Business Ballots - Part III","Post Office and Civil Service","Post Office Committee - H.R. 9480 - Postage Rates","re: Pueblo","Social Security","Supreme Court Appointments","Taxation","Taxation - H.R. 15414","Un-American Activities Committee - January - May 1968","Un-American Activities Committee - June - December 1968","Veterans","Vietnam","Fifth District Correspondence, 1953-1966 - arranged alphabetically by counties and cities. Folders 4466-4903","A-H","I-Z","A-L","M-Z","A","B","Bridge (proposed) over New River Near Fries","Bridge over New River - Grayson Co.","Bridge over New River - Grayson Co","C- Part I","C- Part II","D","E","F","G","Gallimore, Mrs Maretta - Dugspur, Va","H","I","J","K","L","La Rue, Charles Bradford - H.R. 9442, Private Bill","Mc","M","N","O","P","Q","R","Ross, Margaret E.","S","Soil Survey, Grayson County","T","U","V","W","X, Y, Z","A","B","C","C","C","D","E","F","G","G","H","H","I-J","Independence Sewer Project","K","L","Lineberry, Wayne P.","M","Morris, Sgt. Charles B.","Mc","N","O","P","Price, Grafton C.","Q-R","S","Soil Conservation Job- Grayson County","T","U-V","W","Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Webb - Knot Hill Motor Court, Hillsville, Va.","A-B","C","D","E","F *Note* For Charlotte County G-Mc, 1953-1960 see folders 4869-4871","N-O","P","R-S","T-V","W-Z","A - Charlotte","B - Charlotte","C","D","E","F","G","H-I-J-K","Kyanite Mining Corp","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","Roanoke Creek Watershed Project","S-V","W-Z","A","B","C","C","D","D","W.C. (Dan) Daniel,","W.C. (Dan) Daniel","E-F","Andrew A. Farley","G","Grant Passports and Visas","H","Capt. Kahzo L. Harris","Herman, Milton","I-K","Jacob, Mrs. Liane","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","S","T","U-V","W-Z","A","B","B","B","B","Baker, Sandra Leigh","C","C","Civil War Centennial - Danville","D","D","D","Danville Armory","Danville - Racial Dmonstrations - 1963","Tobacco Graders (gifts)","E","F","F","G","Walter Grant - Passport and Visa Information","H","H","Heard, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. W.C.","J","K","L","L","Moehler, E.C. (Swiss engineer)","Mc","N-O","P","R","S","S","Danville","T","T","U-V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A-C","D-E","F-G","H-J","K-M","N-P","R-S","R-S","Booker T. Washington - Birthplace Memorial","A-B","C","D-E","F","G","H","I-K","Kinsey, Wilbur L. - Boones Mill","L-M-Mc","N-P","R-S","T-U","V-Z","A","A","A","B","B","B","Roy M. Blanks","C","C","C","C","C","Clarke, Morell - Re: tobacco parity","D","Edward Dorsey","E","E","F","G","G","G","H","H","H","H","Halifax County - Industrial Site Survey","I-J","K","Kritselis, Vasiliki E. - H.R. 11649","L","L","Landram, Wm. Hart","M","M","Mc","McKinney, F.L. - memorial excercises","N","O","Oliver, Phillip B.","P","P","Q-R","S","S","S","S","S","S","South Boston - 75th Anniversary celebration","T","T","U-V","W","W","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","B","C","C","C","C","C","C","D","D","Daystrom Inc.","E","E","F","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","H","H","I","J","K","L","L","L","L","M","M","Mc","N","O","P","P","P","P","P","R","R","S","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","W","X-Y-Z","A","B","B","C","Choi, Bok Dong","D-E","F-G","H","I-L","M-Mc","Marrowbone Watershed Plan - Henry County","Martinsville Motel Corp.","N-O","P-R","S","S","T-V","W-Z","A","B","B","C","C","D-F","G","H","H","I-K","L","M","Mc","N-O","P","R","S","S","S","T-V","W","X-Y-Z","A-C","D-K","L-O","P-Z","A-B","C","D-G","H-L","M-R","S-Z","A-B","C","D-G","H","I-O","R-S","R-S","A","B","C","Chaney, Peter","Coles, Mrs. Gracie M.","D-E","F-G","Gretna ABC Store","H","I-L","M-Mc","O-P","Q-S","T-V","W-Z","A","B","C","D","E-F","G","H","H","I-L","M-Mc","N-O","P","R","S","T-V","W-Z","Walton, Bobby Dean","A","B","C","F","G","H","I-J","K-N","O-R","S","T-V","W-Z","G-H","I-L","M-Mc","A","B","C","Corey, John R. - Wytheville","D","E-F","Fragakis, Demetrios I.","G","Gillman, William H. - Wytheville","H","Huddle, Mary George","I","Interstate Highway","Interstate Highway","J","K-L","Lake-Stony Fork","M-Mc","N-P","Philpott Dam","Q-R","S","T-V","W","W","W","Wythe Ciunty - Political","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","Wytheville Fish Hatchery","X-Y-Z","Arranged alphabetically by year","A","B","B","C","C","D","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","Mc","N","O","P","R","S","S","T","T","U-V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","B","B","B","C","C","C","C","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","I-J","K","L","L","M-Mc","M-Mc","N","N","O","P","P","R","R","R","S","S","S","T","U-V","W","W","W","Wilkinson, Isham T.","X-Y-Z","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I-J-K","L","M-Mc","N-O","P","Q-R","S","T","T","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","Byrd, Harry F. Jr.","C","C","Chan, Kew","Coe, Marshall E.","D","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","H","H","I-J","K","L","Lane, Landon B.","M","Mc","N","N","O","P","P","Q","R","R","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E-F","G","H","I-J-K","L","Lane, Landon B.","M","Mc","N","Norfolk \u0026 Western Mergers","O-P","Q-R","\"Richmond Times Dispatch\"- Articles on Congressional Extravagance","S","S","T-U","V","W","W","X-Y-Z","A","A","in re: Almond, J. Lindsey, Jr.","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","D","D","Darden Proposal","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","I-J","K","John F. Kennedy Assassination","L","Lane, L.B.","Lewis, Meriweather, \u0026 Mary Fran.","M","M","Mc","Mississippi- Intergrated Schools","N","N","O","Orgain, J.R., Jr.","P","P","R","R","S","S","S","S","T","T","U","V","V","W","W","W, Part II","X-Y-Z","A","A","Almon, James Lindsay, Jr.- Articles by Luther J. Carter, Norfolk, Virginian Pilot","B","B","B","B","Byrd, Harry F., Sr.","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","D","D","Davis, Champion McDowell","E","F","G","G","H","H","I","J","K","L","L","M","M","Mc","N","O","P","P","Q-R","R","S","S","T","T","V","W-Part I","W-Part II","W-Part I","W-Part II","X-Y-Z","A","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","Bellamy Flag Award","Byrd, Harry F., Jr.","C","C","C","C","D","D","D","Davis, Champion, McDowell","E","E","F","F","Freedom Studies Center of the Institute for American Strategy","G","G","H","H","H","H","I","J","J","K","K","L","L","L","L","Lawson Brothers-- Charleston West Virginia","M","M","M","Mc","N","N","O","P","P","P","Q","R","R","S","S","S","S","S","S","T","T","T","U","V","V","V","V","W","W","W","W","Wytheville--Army Reserve Unit","X-Y-Z","Arranged Alphabetically by topic. Folders 5241-5670.","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part I","Part II","Part III","Part IV","Part V","Part VI","Part VII","Part VIII","Part IX","Part X","Part XI","Part XII","Part XIII","Part XIV","Part XV","Part XVI","Part I","Part II","A","B","C","D","E-F-G","H-L","M-O","P","Q-Z","A","B Bagby-Barley","B Barnes- Bennett","B Blair-Bondurant","B Bowdre-Bush","C Calhoun-Cole","C Compson-Cumbie","D Dallas-Dowdy","D Drew-Dyer","E","F","G Gantsoudes-Giles","G Glass-Guthrie","H Hairston-Harrell","H Harrison-Hensley","H Herndon-Hunt","I-J","K","L","M Mann-McMann","M Meade-Milton","M Minix-Myers","N-O","P Parks-Pinckard","P Pleasants-Pulliam","Q-R Quesenberry-Reeves","R Reid-Rumney","S Satterwhite-Shelton","S Sheperd-Shelton","S Smith-Stone","S Stratton-Swanson","T Taylor-Tuck","T Tucker-Turner","V","W Waleski-Watlington","W Watson-Wilborn","W Williams-Wilson","W-Y Wolcott-Yeatts","County Mass Meeting","Speech on Television","Chamber of Commerce of the US","Danville Chamber of Commerce","West Virginia Chamber of Commerce","Alabama State Chamber of Commerce","Virginia Postal Clerks Convention","Opening Danville Tobacco Market","Danville Kiwanis District Meeting","Ernest C. Lacy Memorial Service","Bicentennial Celebration","Annual Banquet, Comissioners of the Revenue","Virginia Museum of the Fine Arts","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce","District Ruritan Meeting","Hargrave Military Academy","Halifax County High School","Virginia Road Builders Association","Young Democrats Convention","Jarman Hall, Longwood College","Retail Merchants Association","Graduation exercises, College of William and Mary","Red Men Rally","Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Kiwanis Club","Hampton Roads Maritime Association","Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner","2nd District Democratic Club","Virgnia Manufacturers Association","Middlesex Chapter Defenders of State Soveriegnty and Individual Liberties","Virginians of Maryland Society","New Kent County Chapter Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties","Byrd Testimonial Dinner","Prillman Family Reunion","Parent- Teacher Association","Virginia Education Fund Drive","Old Belt Tobacco Growers Meeting","Presentation of portrait, late Chief Justice Hudgins","The American Legion","Phillip Morris Research Center","Christmas Seal Sale Program","Virginia Hereford Association","radio broadcast Manion Forum","Memorial Day Service","Rural Letter Carriers Association","US Army Reserve Center","Opening of Civil War Centenial","Civil War Commission","Right-to-Work Law","Dedication of Red Bank Medical Clinic","Parent - Teacher Association, Halifax County High School","Ruritan Clubs","US Chamber of Commerce Radio Program Right-to-Work Law","Civil War Commission","Ruritan Club Shad Bake","Roanoke River Basin Association","Annual Memorial Day Parade, American Legion","Dedication of building for veterans of foreign wars.","Northern Virginia Builders Association.","Speech honoring Robert H. Porterfield.","Young Democratic Club of Pittsylvania County","United Givers Fund Drive","Halifax Lion's Club","Front Royal and Warren County Chamber of Commerce","Sertoma Club","Hugh T. Williams Post, V.F.W.","Christmas Seal Campaign.","House of Representatives, Civil Rights","Ruritan National Convention","Richmond Traffic Club","Memorial Day Excercises","Democratic Fundraising Dinner","Oak Hill Academy Commencement Excercises","Chatham Chamber of Commerce Dinner","Franklin County Farm Bureau","Bedford County Chamber of Commerce Agricultural Field Day","Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service","Dedication of Martinsville Armory","Dedication of Virgilina Post Office","ASCS Meeting","Voluntary Fire Department","Dedication of Public Library","United Givers Fund","Franklin Co. Milk Producers' Association","Carroll Grayson Chamber of Commerce Meeting","Pilot Club International","4-H Center, West Central District","Democratic Rally","APVA Meeting","Virginia Petroleum Industries Banquet","Virginia Carolina Space Exposition","Dedication Interstate-Highway #85","Chamber of Commerce Meeting","Dedication of Bridge","Virginia Association of Soil and Water District Supervisors","The Wednesday Club","Reapportionment","Dedication of new Post Office","Dedication- Fish Hatchery","Dedication- Cornelia Nixon Davis Nursing Home","House of Representatives- Civil Rights Bill","United Givers Fund.","Young Farmers Association","Scottish Rite Reunion Banquet","Patrick Henry Boys Plantation","Dedication of New Post Office","Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys","Sons of the American Revolution","Dedication of Twin Counties Airport","Memorial Service - The Elks Home","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension of Remarks","Extension 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