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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_rice#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_rice","ead_ssi":"vifgm_rice","_root_":"vifgm_rice","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_rice","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/rice.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/rice.html","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238"],"text":["C0238","Adams T. 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Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. 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Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Adams T. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-\n","Bonstelle, Jessie.","Rice, Adams T., 1892-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_359","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_359.xml","title_ssm":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"title_tesim":["Adams T. Rice papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0238","/repositories/2/resources/359"],"text":["C0238","/repositories/2/resources/359","Adams T. Rice papers","Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efd0b3341aecb07369dde0fb21a7a439\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Rice papers","Actors -- United States","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater -- United States","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adams T. Rice was born in 1892 in Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated from Newton Technical High School and received his PhD from Brown University in 1915. He also attended classes at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Boston Museum School of Design and completed a certificate in Engineering at Pratt Institute.","In the early 1920s Rice married the actress Helen Elizabeth Morrow. Rice and Morrow worked together at the Bonstelle Stock Company in Detroit, Michigan. In total Rice worked for 18 years with the Bonstelle Stock Companies (Detroit Civic Theatre) as a Stage Manager, Technical Director, and Stage Director. Throughout his career in the theatre he held jobs as Stage Manager for the Northampton Players, The Copley Players in Boston, and Director for the Clair Tree Major Players. He was both owner and director of \"The Detroit Players\" a traveling dramatic tent show, and spent five summers with various circuses as Lot Superintendent and Transportation Manager. He created the traveling lecture \"The Magic of Science\" and performed it on the east coast from New York to Boston. Later in his career he was the Director of Video Effects for the Bunin Motion Picture Studio, and created video effects for the Lucky Pup TV program. He also spent time teaching, working as an electrical engineer, designing exhibits for the N.Y. Worlds Fair, and wrote several children's plays."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers, C0238, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.","Material related to the Federal Theatre Project includes newspaper clippings and programs for the productions: American Holiday, Class of '29, Ethiopia, A Hero is Born, It Can't Happen Here, Murder in the Cathedral, and the Sun and I. Also related to the Federal Theatre Project is the publication Red Spotlight, the WPA Federal Theatre Unit Communist Party newsletter. The scrapbooks document the Rice's work with the Bonstelle Company, the Detroit Players, and the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Permission to publish material from the Adams T. Rice papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efd0b3341aecb07369dde0fb21a7a439\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eThe Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Adams T. Rice papers consists of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, and programs relating to theatre in Detroit, Michigan, the Federal Theatre Project, and Rice's lecture \"The Magic of Science.\" Material was collected by Rice and dates from the 1920s to 1960, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1920s to the 1930s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, Adams T., 1892-","Bonstelle, Jessie"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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It also includes his certificates of discharge and service in the United States Army Ambulance Service, photographs, postcards, and newspaper clippings. The majority of the collection dates between the years of 1917 to 1922, and there are also newspaper clippings and legislation letters from the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_11.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/11","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Addison H., papers","title_ssm":["Addison H. Smith papers"],"title_tesim":["Addison H. 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Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. 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Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:06:24.079Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9693.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","title_ssm":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1899-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693"],"text":["MS 00338","/repositories/2/resources/9693","Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Courtship--1910-1920","Letters (correspondence)","The collection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor Family Papers collection is arranged in two series; Series I. Correspondence, and Series II. Personal Papers. Series I. contains three sub-series: Correspondence to and from Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Chatfield-Taylor Correspondence, and Family Correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor was born May 17, 1895, to George Preston Blow and Adele Matthiessen, in Chicago, Illinois. Blow married Wayne Chatfield-Taylor, a federal serviceman to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1917, and the couple had four children, Hobart, Richard, Rose, and Adelaide. Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was an architect enthusiast, helping to restore up to 30 historic buldings in her lifetime. In addition to her interest in preservation, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor was a member of the Colonial Dames of America, the United Nations War Reflief, the Home for Incurables, and co-founded the National Women's Democratic Club in the 1930s. Leaving behind 16 gradnchildren and 5 great grandchildren, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor passed away on August 31, 1977 at the age of 82 in Fairfield County, Connecticut."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence belonging to Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor and Wayne Chatfield Taylor; discusses Wayne's role with the American Red Cross in Europe; the couple's courtship, engagement, and marriage; business papers relating to Chicago Investors' Corp stock purchase; and family correspondence throughout most of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":120,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:06:24.079Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9693"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:37.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Administration records collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"text":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Administration records collection","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:54:54.334Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"text":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Administration records collection","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:54:54.334Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Debussey, Adolphus","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1500.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195779","title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1998","1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"text":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500","Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians.","No special access restriction applies.","Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.","Series include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creators_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.","Series include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd471c215eb274e14eb01d571b5f6aec\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:27.512Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1500.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195779","title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1998","1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"text":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500","Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. 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There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.","Series include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creators_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. 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Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd471c215eb274e14eb01d571b5f6aec\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:27.512Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adolphus P. Howard Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Howard, Adolphus P.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2816.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208266","title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus P. 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","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. 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Howard Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus P. Howard Papers, A\u0026M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e511, 515, 517\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["511, 515, 517"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. 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","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. 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Dick Howard reflect his academic and professional endeavors. The archives have received five installments of papers from Professor Howard, plus an entire collection: The Papers of A. E. Dick Howard for the Virginia Commission for Constitutional Revision, received in 1981, MSS 81-4. Papers related to the nomination of Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court: these files consist of some reports and statements in relation to the nomination of Judge Robert H. Bork to the Supreme Court. Professor Howard was a commentator on the McNeil/Lehrer NewsHour during the confirmation hearings. Bill O'Brien, a student assistant, helped him to collect all of the information. Addendum [a]: Central and Eastern European New Constitutions: these files relate to Howard's involvement on the writing of new constitutions in Central and Eastern Europe at the collapse of the Soviet Union. The files were processed trying to convey their original organization and consist of correspondence, memoranda, working papers and numerous printed materials. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_734#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_734.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/128421","title_ssm":["A. E. Dick Howard papers"],"title_tesim":["A. E. 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","Addendum [b]: Lectures and Speeches: this collection consists of files related to lectures and speeches given by Professor Howard. The files include correspondence, memoranda, programs, notes, and printed materials .  ","Addendum [c]: consist of campaign materials from the 1970 Referendum on the Constitution of Virginia.","Addendum [d]: consist of files about the [Virginia] Governor Fellows Program; Governor's Commission on Campaign Finance Reform, Government Accountability, and Ethics (Ethics Commission); Project on Constitution and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (Please see: Papers of Professor A. E. Dick Howard re Central and Eastern European new constitutions: MSS 2013 – 1a); ERA – Task Force on the Effect of Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment on the Law of Virginia;  Miller v. Ayres and Howell v. McAuliffe; Miscellaneous UVA Files related to University of Virginia Committee on Virginia Status of University Students (1972) and Law School lists of reading materials for Prof. Howard's classes. ","Addendum [e]: contains materials that were used to launch a curriculum for a new course on environmental law at the University of Virginia Law School, taught by professors A. E. Dick Howard and Mason Willrich. These papers include correspondence with professors and lawyers at other institutions, research materials for pertinent subjects, and class materials such as syllabi, lectures, and student papers. ","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","Howard, A. E. 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