{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2772","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2771","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2773","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2773"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2772,"next_page":2773,"prev_page":2771,"total_pages":2773,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":27710,"total_count":27721,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zenth Detroit Corporation","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 1. Business Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 1. Business Correspondence"],"text":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 1. Business Correspondence","Zenth Detroit Corporation","Box Series 1, Box 48","Folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zenth Detroit Corporation","title_ssm":["Zenth Detroit Corporation"],"title_tesim":["Zenth Detroit Corporation"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zenth Detroit Corporation"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":744,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1930],"containers_ssim":["Box Series 1, Box 48","Folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#742","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:22:25.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6183.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199135","title_ssm":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"title_tesim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1977 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1977 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2298","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6183"],"text":["A\u0026M 2298","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6183","Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","California","Charleston (W. Va.)","Charleston.","Mississippi River","Boating industry -- Charleston (W. Va.)","Boating industry -- Charleston (W. Va.)","Diaries and journals.","Rivers and river valleys.","Transportation","Business correspondence","No special access restriction applies.","2266","Records of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.","For additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.) \nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54. \nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)","Series include:  \nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53 \nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16 \nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73 \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4 \nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3 \nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2 \nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12 \nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1 \nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7 \nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3 \nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2 \nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)","The glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.","An oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026M oversize collection under \"A\u0026M\n2298.\"","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin.","English \n.    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(178 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 0.25 in.); (1 ledger, 1 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 in.); (map cabinets, 80 in.)"],"genreform_ssim":["Business correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ward Engineering Company, Archives and Manuscripts, A\u0026amp;M 2298, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ward Engineering Company, Archives and Manuscripts, A\u0026M 2298, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2266\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2266"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.","For additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.) \nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54. \nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)","Series include:  \nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53 \nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16 \nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73 \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4 \nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3 \nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2 \nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12 \nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1 \nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7 \nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3 \nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2 \nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026amp;M oversize collection under \"A\u0026amp;M\n2298.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.","An oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026M oversize collection under \"A\u0026M\n2298.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0ede1602fae5261e79d8ad08d3724a34\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin.","Ward, Charles","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company"],"famname_ssim":["Ward family"],"persname_ssim":["McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:22:25.461Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c01_c743"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zilahy","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["O.W. Riegel Papers","Personal Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["O.W. Riegel Papers","Personal Correspondence"],"text":["O.W. Riegel Papers","Personal Correspondence","Zilahy","English .","folder 223"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zilahy","title_ssm":["Zilahy"],"title_tesim":["Zilahy"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zilahy"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1504,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["folder 223"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#222","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:52:19.935Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_231.xml","title_ssm":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"title_tesim":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0387","/repositories/5/resources/231"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0387","/repositories/5/resources/231","O.W. Riegel Papers","Propaganda ","Journalism","This collection is open to research use.","Oscar Wetherhold Riegel, also known as Tom, was born in Reading, PA in 1903. Riegel's professional career began as a reporter and editor for the Chicago Tribune in the 1920s. He then shifted his focus to the information gathering and application, attaining a Bachelor's degree in the field from Dartmouth College and later attending Washington and Lee University. ","Riegel became an internationally-known expert on the topic of propaganda in the 1930s after extensive studies of its importance in modern politics. His monograph, Mobilizing for Chaos: The Story of the New Propaganda, was published in 1934 and focused on the role propaganda was playing in the rise of National Socialism in Germany.\nIn his studies he amassed an extensive collection of American, European, and Asian propaganda spanning World War I through the Cold War. Aspects of his compilation of propaganda studies are included within this collection.\nRiegel joined the Washington and Lee University Journalism Department in 1930 and was named department head in 1934. He served as department head until his retirement in 1973. During his tenure with the university, he taught various courses on film, journalism, propaganda, and information application.\nHe passed away in 1997 in Lexington, VA.","Highlights of this collection include material concerning the Washington and Lee Journalism Department, including course material, student papers, and lecture notes. Supplementing this course material are published materials on the history of film, 20th century war propaganda, the Nazification of Germany, Paris in the 1920's and the \"Lost Generation.\" \nThere also includes wide selections of personal research materials for projects such as Riegel's books Mobilizing for Chaos and Crown of Glory; collections on Riegel's travels to Central and South America and Europe including Germany during the 1930s, and the typescript of his unpublished autobigraphy to 1945 titled \"Hacking It.\"","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Cole, Fred Carrington","Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Labro, Philippe","Davis, J. Paxton","Lauck, Charles Harold","Booth, Augustus Lea","Shultz Charles","Moss, John E. (John Emerson), 1913 - 1997","Kenneth Bald","McGovern, George","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0387","/repositories/5/resources/231"],"normalized_title_ssm":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"collection_ssim":["O.W. Riegel Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt"],"creator_ssim":["Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt"],"creators_ssim":["Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Propaganda ","Journalism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Propaganda ","Journalism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["75 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOscar Wetherhold Riegel, also known as Tom, was born in Reading, PA in 1903. Riegel's professional career began as a reporter and editor for the Chicago Tribune in the 1920s. He then shifted his focus to the information gathering and application, attaining a Bachelor's degree in the field from Dartmouth College and later attending Washington and Lee University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRiegel became an internationally-known expert on the topic of propaganda in the 1930s after extensive studies of its importance in modern politics. His monograph, Mobilizing for Chaos: The Story of the New Propaganda, was published in 1934 and focused on the role propaganda was playing in the rise of National Socialism in Germany.\nIn his studies he amassed an extensive collection of American, European, and Asian propaganda spanning World War I through the Cold War. Aspects of his compilation of propaganda studies are included within this collection.\nRiegel joined the Washington and Lee University Journalism Department in 1930 and was named department head in 1934. He served as department head until his retirement in 1973. During his tenure with the university, he taught various courses on film, journalism, propaganda, and information application.\nHe passed away in 1997 in Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oscar Wetherhold Riegel, also known as Tom, was born in Reading, PA in 1903. Riegel's professional career began as a reporter and editor for the Chicago Tribune in the 1920s. He then shifted his focus to the information gathering and application, attaining a Bachelor's degree in the field from Dartmouth College and later attending Washington and Lee University. ","Riegel became an internationally-known expert on the topic of propaganda in the 1930s after extensive studies of its importance in modern politics. His monograph, Mobilizing for Chaos: The Story of the New Propaganda, was published in 1934 and focused on the role propaganda was playing in the rise of National Socialism in Germany.\nIn his studies he amassed an extensive collection of American, European, and Asian propaganda spanning World War I through the Cold War. Aspects of his compilation of propaganda studies are included within this collection.\nRiegel joined the Washington and Lee University Journalism Department in 1930 and was named department head in 1934. He served as department head until his retirement in 1973. During his tenure with the university, he taught various courses on film, journalism, propaganda, and information application.\nHe passed away in 1997 in Lexington, VA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], O.W. Riegel Collection, WLU Coll. 0387, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. \u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], O.W. Riegel Collection, WLU Coll. 0387, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.  In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHighlights of this collection include material concerning the Washington and Lee Journalism Department, including course material, student papers, and lecture notes. Supplementing this course material are published materials on the history of film, 20th century war propaganda, the Nazification of Germany, Paris in the 1920's and the \"Lost Generation.\" \nThere also includes wide selections of personal research materials for projects such as Riegel's books Mobilizing for Chaos and Crown of Glory; collections on Riegel's travels to Central and South America and Europe including Germany during the 1930s, and the typescript of his unpublished autobigraphy to 1945 titled \"Hacking It.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Highlights of this collection include material concerning the Washington and Lee Journalism Department, including course material, student papers, and lecture notes. Supplementing this course material are published materials on the history of film, 20th century war propaganda, the Nazification of Germany, Paris in the 1920's and the \"Lost Generation.\" \nThere also includes wide selections of personal research materials for projects such as Riegel's books Mobilizing for Chaos and Crown of Glory; collections on Riegel's travels to Central and South America and Europe including Germany during the 1930s, and the typescript of his unpublished autobigraphy to 1945 titled \"Hacking It.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Cole, Fred Carrington","Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Labro, Philippe","Davis, J. Paxton","Lauck, Charles Harold","Booth, Augustus Lea","Shultz Charles","Moss, John E. (John Emerson), 1913 - 1997","Kenneth Bald","McGovern, George"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Riegel, Hunt"],"persname_ssim":["Riegel, O. W. (Oscar Wetherhold)","Riegel, Hunt","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Cole, Fred Carrington","Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Labro, Philippe","Davis, J. Paxton","Lauck, Charles Harold","Booth, Augustus Lea","Shultz Charles","Moss, John E. (John Emerson), 1913 - 1997","Kenneth Bald","McGovern, George"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2584,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:52:19.935Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_231_c05_c223"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zinn Family Genealogy","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zinn family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eGenealogical information compiled by the donor and documents of the Zinn family of north central West Virginia. The family is traced back to George Zinn, a German immigrant from Darstadt and a Revolutionary War veteran who settled after the American Revolution in Monongalia County. There is mention of various of his descendents, mainly West Virginians, but most of the information is on the line of the Civil War veteran George Harrison Zinn and his son Frank Garfield Zinn. Most of the documents are the financial records of George D. Zinn and his business transactions in the vicinity of Morgantown. There are a few other items on Morgantown history and a letter from John Malcom to William and Jane Wilson about land in the frontier Mid-West.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1513.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195792","title_ssm":["Zinn Family Genealogy"],"title_tesim":["Zinn Family Genealogy"],"unitdate_ssm":["1808-1994","1832-1888"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1832-1888"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1808-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3213","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1513"],"text":["A\u0026M 3213","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1513","Zinn Family Genealogy","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Genealogy","Frontier and pioneer life","No special access restriction applies.","Genealogical information compiled by the donor and documents of the Zinn family of north central West Virginia. The family is traced back to George Zinn, a German immigrant from Darstadt and a Revolutionary War veteran who settled after the American Revolution in Monongalia County. There is mention of various of his descendents, mainly West Virginians, but most of the information is on the line of the Civil War veteran George Harrison Zinn and his son Frank Garfield Zinn. Most of the documents are the financial records of George D. Zinn and his business transactions in the vicinity of Morgantown. There are a few other items on Morgantown history and a letter from John Malcom to William and Jane Wilson about land in the frontier Mid-West.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Malcom, John.","Wilson, Jane.","Wilson, William.","Zinn, Frank Garfield.","Zinn, George D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3213","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1513"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zinn Family Genealogy"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zinn Family Genealogy"],"collection_ssim":["Zinn Family Genealogy"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. 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The family is traced back to George Zinn, a German immigrant from Darstadt and a Revolutionary War veteran who settled after the American Revolution in Monongalia County. There is mention of various of his descendents, mainly West Virginians, but most of the information is on the line of the Civil War veteran George Harrison Zinn and his son Frank Garfield Zinn. Most of the documents are the financial records of George D. Zinn and his business transactions in the vicinity of Morgantown. There are a few other items on Morgantown history and a letter from John Malcom to William and Jane Wilson about land in the frontier Mid-West.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Genealogical information compiled by the donor and documents of the Zinn family of north central West Virginia. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8b95e4e2fa57840fd986296ca638e826\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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The family is traced back to George Zinn, a German immigrant from Darstadt and a Revolutionary War veteran who settled after the American Revolution in Monongalia County. There is mention of various of his descendents, mainly West Virginians, but most of the information is on the line of the Civil War veteran George Harrison Zinn and his son Frank Garfield Zinn. Most of the documents are the financial records of George D. Zinn and his business transactions in the vicinity of Morgantown. There are a few other items on Morgantown history and a letter from John Malcom to William and Jane Wilson about land in the frontier Mid-West."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8b95e4e2fa57840fd986296ca638e826\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Malcom, John.","Wilson, Jane.","Wilson, William.","Zinn, Frank Garfield.","Zinn, George D."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Zinn family","Malcom, John.","Wilson, Jane.","Wilson, William.","Zinn, Frank Garfield.","Zinn, George D."],"famname_ssim":["Zinn family"],"persname_ssim":["Malcom, John.","Wilson, Jane.","Wilson, William.","Zinn, Frank Garfield.","Zinn, George D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:23:30.867Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1513"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zinn Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zinn family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Digital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3210.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197170","title_ssm":["Zinn Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210"],"text":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210","Zinn Family Papers","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)","Genealogy","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","To book collection:","Paper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Digital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Dean family","Zinn, George D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zinn Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Zinn family"],"creator_ssim":["Zinn family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Zinn family"],"creators_ssim":["Zinn family"],"places_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.07 Gigabytes 46 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"extent_tesim":["2.07 Gigabytes 46 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Zinn Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3994, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Zinn Family Papers, A\u0026M 3994, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo book collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["To book collection:","Paper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3b0516e6ab3d82571d3501b27988d49f\"\u003eDigital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Digital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5a7f4e17ce52112d186e0a14cd210769\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Dean family","Zinn, George D."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dean family","Zinn family","Zinn, George D."],"famname_ssim":["Zinn family","Dean family"],"persname_ssim":["Zinn, George D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:00.163Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3210.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197170","title_ssm":["Zinn Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210"],"text":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210","Zinn Family Papers","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)","Genealogy","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","To book collection:","Paper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Digital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Dean family","Zinn, George D.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3994","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3210"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zinn Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Zinn Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Zinn family"],"creator_ssim":["Zinn family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Zinn family"],"creators_ssim":["Zinn family"],"places_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.07 Gigabytes 46 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"extent_tesim":["2.07 Gigabytes 46 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Zinn Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3994, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Zinn Family Papers, A\u0026M 3994, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo book collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["To book collection:","Paper copy of \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" by Thomas E. Zinn, CDR, USNR (Ret.), regarding service during 1957-1966, printed from electronic file. Electronic file is archived within this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3b0516e6ab3d82571d3501b27988d49f\"\u003eDigital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Digital copies of papers of the Zinn family of Preston County, West Virginia, including legal documents and genealogical records. Legal documents include a letter of attorney, indentures, deeds, stock certificates, and surveys of property. Genealogical records include a handwritten record of births, a page from a family bible recording births and marriages, and a typescript regarding the history of the Zinn family. Frequently mentioned names include Isaac Dean and George Zinn. The collection also includes an 1867 letter of commendation to George Zinn; it accompanied a medal awarded for service in the Civil War. This collection consists only of digital scans of the original documents. The collection also includes a digital version of an autobiographical account by Thomas E. Zinn titled \"Sea Stories From My Time in the United States Navy\" regarding his experiences as a naval and commercial pilot in the period ca. 1950s-1970s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5a7f4e17ce52112d186e0a14cd210769\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Zinn family","Dean family","Zinn, George D."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dean family","Zinn family","Zinn, George D."],"famname_ssim":["Zinn family","Dean family"],"persname_ssim":["Zinn, George D."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:00.163Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3210"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, WV, including church budgets, programs, and religious pamphlets. There is a minute book (1878-1890) of the Ladies Mexican League of the Zion Episcopal Church and an account book (1904-1943) listing contributions to the Mexican Scholarship. There are also ten postcards of West Virginia scenes addressed to Letitia C. Ambler.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_419.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195034","title_ssm":["Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2448","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/419"],"text":["A\u0026M 2448","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/419","Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, Papers","Charles Town (W. Va.)","Episcopal church  -- Charles Town (W. Va.)","Episcopal church  -- Charles Town (W. Va.)","Churches  -- Episcopal","Missions -- Mexico","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town, WV, including church budgets, programs, and religious pamphlets. There is a minute book (1878-1890) of the Ladies Mexican League of the Zion Episcopal Church and an account book (1904-1943) listing contributions to the Mexican Scholarship. There are also ten postcards of West Virginia scenes addressed to Letitia C. Ambler.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_af5eef0472c7699fb78b738b44d36f4d\"\u003eVestry minutes and parish records of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town. The vestry minutes concern business meetings of the church, ministerial appointments, program scheduling and church maintenance. A detailed account of expenditures and donor bequeathals is included. 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The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:08.462Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:08.462Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":271},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1930\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William 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