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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_af5eef0472c7699fb78b738b44d36f4d\"\u003eVestry minutes and parish records of the Zion Episcopal Church of Charles Town. The vestry minutes concern business meetings of the church, ministerial appointments, program scheduling and church maintenance. A detailed account of expenditures and donor bequeathals is included. 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Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Hogg Ironmonger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Elisabeth Lea in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Elisabeth Lea in 1988."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, circa 1900-1997, of Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger, genealogist. Includes genealogical notes, history of post offices in York County, Virginia, a record of Revolutionary War claims by York County inhabitants, history of the Grafton Baptist Church, Methodism in York County, Virginia, a map of the Jamestown Exposition grounds in Norfolk, Virginia, copies (only a few pages) from the Abingdon Parish Register, the Kingston Parish Register, and the Northumberland County Order Book.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is genealogical data on numerous families as well as typescript genealogies of York County, Virginia families transcribed by Ironmonger and by her daughter, Thelma Hansford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamilies for which there is information include Sparrow, Winder, Hogg, Hopkins and Ironmonger, Hayward/Howard, Curtis, Wainwright, Powell and many others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the 19th century Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud Mourning Broach can be found in Box 2, Folder 4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, circa 1900-1997, of Elizabeth Hogg Ironmonger, genealogist. Includes genealogical notes, history of post offices in York County, Virginia, a record of Revolutionary War claims by York County inhabitants, history of the Grafton Baptist Church, Methodism in York County, Virginia, a map of the Jamestown Exposition grounds in Norfolk, Virginia, copies (only a few pages) from the Abingdon Parish Register, the Kingston Parish Register, and the Northumberland County Order Book.","There is genealogical data on numerous families as well as typescript genealogies of York County, Virginia families transcribed by Ironmonger and by her daughter, Thelma Hansford.","Families for which there is information include Sparrow, Winder, Hogg, Hopkins and Ironmonger, Hayward/Howard, Curtis, Wainwright, Powell and many others.","Photographs of the 19th century Catherine Dudley Cary Pescud Mourning Broach can be found in Box 2, Folder 4."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Grafton Baptist Church","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Grafton Baptist Church","Hansford, Thelma Ironmonger, 1910-","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family","Ironmonger, Elizabeth Lindsay Hogg, 1891-1985"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Grafton Baptist Church"],"famname_ssim":["Hansford, Thelma Ironmonger, 1910-","Curtis family","Hansford family","Haywood family","Hogg family","Howard family","Ironmonger family"],"persname_ssim":["Ironmonger, Elizabeth Lindsay Hogg, 1891-1985"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":103,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:28:13.704Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8703_c02_c20"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zona Gale Letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cem\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/em\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gale, Zona Letters","title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"text":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367","Zona Gale Letters","Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995.","Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creators_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These letters were found inside a book in the Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Zona_Gale\" title=\"Zona Gale\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ellen Strong in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/emph\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:20.612Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gale, Zona Letters","title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924, 1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"text":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367","Zona Gale Letters","Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995.","Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01100","/repositories/2/resources/1367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Zona Gale Letters"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"creators_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These letters were found inside a book in the Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women authors, American--20th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Zona_Gale\" title=\"Zona Gale\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zona Gale (1874-1938) was an American writer. Born in Portage, Wisconsin, which she often used as a setting in her writing, she attended Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Later she entered the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from which she received a Bachelor of Literature degree in 1895, and four years later a Master's degree. After graduation, Gale wrote for newspapers in Milwaukee and New York City. However, before long she gave up journalism to focus on fiction writing. She then published her first novel, Romance Island (1906), and began the very popular series of \"Friendship Village\" stories. In 1912, Gale moved back to Portage, which she would call home for the rest of her life, although alternating with trips to New York. In 1920, she published the novel Miss Lulu Bett, which depicts life in the Midwestern United States. She adapted it as a play, which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. In the same year, Gale took an active role in the creation of the Wisconsin Equal Rights Law, which prohibits discrimination against women. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Zona Gale Letters, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ellen Strong in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Ellen Strong in 1995."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday Review\u003c/emph\u003e, concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 7 June 1924 and 26 July 1934, of Zona Gale to Henry Seidel Canby, editor of the  Saturday Review , concerning his assuming the editorship and requesting a copy of the magazine containing her article, \"Note to Novel Readers.\""," 2 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Zona, 1874-1938","Canby, Henry Seidel, 1878-1961"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:20.612Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1367"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:08.462Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4263.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1917-1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.055"],"text":["Ms.2024.055","Z Process Quick Freezing Collection","History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type.","The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.055"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Z Process Quick Freezing Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"access_subjects_ssm":["History of Food and Drink","Food Technology and Production"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Z Process Quick Freezing Collection, c.1917 - 1937, Ms2024-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Z Process Quick Freezing Collection was completed in May 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the original sale document:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026amp; Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026amp; Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste. ","The pamphlets consist of three pamphlets, which are listed on the bibliography in the folder. The pamphlets explain how Zarochentsev created the Z Process, with details on the his methodology. One article tells of his experience developing the method, how he uses \"three of the known methods of heat transfer--radiation, conduction, and convections,\" and his successful work in Europe and the U.S. Another pamphlet describes the advantages of the Z Process over other freezing processes. ","The photograph album contains 186 photographs that illustrate the refrigeration process, fishing vessells, packaging, animals, meats, and more. Most photos include captions. ","According to the original sale document:","\"This souvenir sales photo album, and accompanying literature document the extraordinary advancement in quick-freezing technology and food preservation by this pioneering Russian-American engineer. Zaronchentsev had developed a technique of placing all of the products to be frozen on mesh metal shelving which would then be sprayed with a calcium chloride brine solution as a mist, which speeded the freezing process. This method was entirely different from the flash freezing methods developed by Clarence Birdseye, whose innovations involved holding packaged food between two metal belts chilled to -45 degrees Fahrenheit, or under pressure between two hollow metal plates chilled to -25 degrees Fahrenheit through evaporation of ammonia, freezing items from 30-90 minutes. Zaronchentsev (b. 1879) who had pioneered refrigeration engineering while studying at the Institute of Transportation in Moscow prior to the Russian Revolution, later oversaw the construction of numerous packaging houses, cold storage facilities, and thousands of refrigerated railwar cars. From 1922 to 1927 he had become the general manager of the Estonion packing house A/S Kulmetus, with many of th ephotos here showing his work in Estonia, and across Europe during the period. In 1928, he contracted with the British firm H. Smethurst \u0026 Co. in Grimsby which used his technology to freeze, package and market frozen salmon rolls, fish ovals, fish cakes, and others, shown here in the photos, but three years later decided he would have to move to the U.S. for financing and build the company.","\"In New York, he contracted initially with the Francis Metal Door \u0026 Window Corp. in Rochester, NY to build his specialty freezers, and equipment, and incorporated as the American Z Corporation, with branches in Brooklyn, NY and other locales. He also began setting up test farms to grow vegetables, fruits, and poultry, especially duck, to develop a whole line of locally sourced frozen goods using his equipment. The carefully annotated photographs show the many different products frozen and being frozen including green peas, frozen shrimp in pans and cartons, pork chops, ham and pork bellies, pork brains in cartons, lamb chops, duck, fish fillets, and sausages, including those in cellophane display cartons. The patented 'brine-fog-' method together with applied pure cane sugar prevented fruit from losing their colour, as well as preserving aroma, nutrients, and essential vitamins. By 1938, the Japanese firm Nippon Suisan had tested the devices, and methods of cold storage facilities and production facilities in Misaki, Nemuro, and Takao (Taiwan), focused primarily on farm shrimp marketed as Horai Shrimp in Japan, and frozen swordfish exported across the Pacific.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e9331d23f7f91063225a8e532a200388\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Z Process Quick Freezing Collection consists of pamphlets and a photograph album. The pamphlets contain information on the quick freezing method developed by Mikhail Trofimovich Zarochentsev. The photograph album consists of images related to the freezing methods and equipments. The quick freezing method acted as a sanitary method to freeze seafood, meats, fruits, and vegetables and to maintain their nutritional values and taste."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:08.462Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4263"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":252},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":3989},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":615},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":83},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1015},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":22},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":120},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":630},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"American Speech\" Recordings","value":"\"American Speech\" Recordings","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22American+Speech%22+Recordings\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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