{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=2500","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=2499","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=2501","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=2533"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2500,"next_page":2501,"prev_page":2499,"total_pages":2533,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":24990,"total_count":25328,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c122","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wilson, Zelma Gussin, 1918/1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c122#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c122","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c122"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08_c122","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08","parent_ssim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964/1999","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them, 1890/1951"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1798_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Zelma Gussin","title_ssm":["Wilson, Zelma Gussin"],"title_tesim":["Wilson, Zelma Gussin"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson, Zelma Gussin, 1918/1996"],"text":["Wilson, Zelma Gussin, 1918/1996","Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964/1999","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them, 1890/1951","box 5","folder 45","English."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964/1999","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them, 1890/1951"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964/1999","Files of Early Women Architects and A Few Male Architects Who Supported Them, 1890/1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1996"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":130,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Inge Horton Architectural Collection, 1964/1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 45"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. 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Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_efeedd0489853594ec017840c3f0497f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eInge Horton was born in Germany. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998; member of the Board of Advisors for the International Archive of Women in Architecture. Her papers consist of architectural studies written while in Germany; presentations made at various women's architectural organization meetings, including the International Union of Women Architects; a curriculum vitae; and research files on early women architects in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Inge Horton was born in Germany. She was a planner with the Planning Department of the City and County of San Francisco, California, from 1983 to 1998; member of the Board of Advisors for the International Archive of Women in Architecture. 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Winborne, Jr. was a member of the Washington and Lee University class of 1946 who later worked as a physician in Roanoke, Virginia.","Blue sheet prepared by Betty Kondayan (1/21/01)","Family papers include Winborne Jr.'s school papers and notebooks from his years at Washington and Lee University, as well as information about his fraternity, Delta Tau Delta. Three folders contain printed matter about his father, Roger M. Winborne, a Class of 1911 graduate of Washington and Lee University Law School.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University. Delta Tau Delta","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. 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Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College Students -- Social life and customs","Fraternal organizations","Note-taking","Law schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College Students -- Social life and customs","Fraternal organizations","Note-taking","Law schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRoger M. Winborne, Jr. was a member of the Washington and Lee University class of 1946 who later worked as a physician in Roanoke, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Roger M. Winborne, Jr. was a member of the Washington and Lee University class of 1946 who later worked as a physician in Roanoke, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], Winborne Family Papers, WLU Coll. 0254, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. \u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], Winborne Family Papers, WLU Coll. 0254, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA. In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections staff to verify the appropriate format."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlue sheet prepared by Betty Kondayan (1/21/01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Blue sheet prepared by Betty Kondayan (1/21/01)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFamily papers include Winborne Jr.'s school papers and notebooks from his years at Washington and Lee University, as well as information about his fraternity, Delta Tau Delta. Three folders contain printed matter about his father, Roger M. Winborne, a Class of 1911 graduate of Washington and Lee University Law School.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Family papers include Winborne Jr.'s school papers and notebooks from his years at Washington and Lee University, as well as information about his fraternity, Delta Tau Delta. Three folders contain printed matter about his father, Roger M. Winborne, a Class of 1911 graduate of Washington and Lee University Law School."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University. Delta Tau Delta","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. School of Law"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Delta Tau Delta","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. 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Files, 1903/1947"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winchester - Apple Insect Investigations","title_ssm":["Winchester - Apple Insect Investigations"],"title_tesim":["Winchester - Apple Insect Investigations"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester - Apple Insect Investigations, 1927"],"text":["Winchester - Apple Insect Investigations, 1927","Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1903/1947","Series II. Files, 1903/1947","box 104","folder 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1903/1947","Series II. Files, 1903/1947"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1903/1947","Series II. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1927],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#348","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:47.188Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3475.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Records of the","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1903/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1903/1947"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1903/1947","RG.25.01","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology","University Archives","University History","Faculty and staff","The collection is open for research.","Duplicate copies of the Quarterly Bulletin of the Virginia State Crop Pest Commission were weeded from the collection.","Series I. Survey books, 1931-1940, which are organized by county and survey type:\n\n\n Subseries I. Albemarle County, 1935 \n Subseries II. Appomattox County, 1935-1936 \n Subseries III. Floyd County, 1937 \n Subseries IV. Grayson County, 1937 \n Subseries V. Halifax County, 1939 \n Subseries VI. Henry County Land Utilization Study, 1940 \n Subseries VII. Nansemond County, 1932 \n Subseries VIII. Norfolk Dairy Survey, 1931-1932 \n Subseries IX. Pittsylvania County, 1933 \n Subseries X. Russell County, 1935 \n Subseries XI. Truck Survey, 1938 \n Subseries XII. Poultry Survey, 1931-1932\n\n\nSeries II. Files, 1903-1947, which are organized in loose chronological and subject order. Correspondence files are subdivided alphabetically.","The Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) was established in 1886 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and funded by the federal Hatch Act of 1887 for the purpose of providing practical and useful information on agricultural and scientific subjects. Originally, it was organized into three departments: agriculture, botany and entomology, and chemistry. VAES was responsible for several agricultural research stations and laboratories throughout Virginia. On July 1, 1966, the research activities of the Agricultural Experiment Station, as well as the Engineering Experiment Station, were combined under a University-wide Research Division. In 1978, the VAES moved from the Research Division to the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS).","The guide to the Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of Series II was completed in May 1985. The processing, arrangement, and description of Series I was commenced and completed in November 2019. Additional description was completed when converting the paper inventory of Series II to an electronic finding aid in January 2020.","Additional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This collection contains primarily farm surveys and reports, which comprise Series I. Survey books. Subjects covered include cattle, crop rotations, insecticides, orchards, etc. There are also statistical surveys on farm operations and productions in ten Virginia counties: Albemarle (1935, 2 vols.); Appomatox (1935-36, 4 vols.); Floyd (1937, 2 vols.); Grayson (1930-31, 8 vols.); Halifax (1939, 7 vols.); Henry (1940, 7 vols.); Nansemond (1932, 17 vols.); Norfolk (1931-32, 7 vols.); Pittsylvania (1933-36, 42 vols.); and Russell (1935, 9 vols.). Also included are 9 volumes of poultry surveys for several Virginia counties (1931-32) and a Truck survey done in 1938.","The second series comprises files dated 1903-1947. Materials include weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more at different Agricultural Research and Extension Centers (ARECs) across the state. Some of these records are from the earliest established ARECs at Chatham and Appomattox. The series also includes the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES from 1916 through 1946, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors and administrators at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others.","Additional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) was established in 1886 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and funded by the federal Hatch Act of 1887 for the purpose of providing practical and useful information on agricultural and scientific subjects. The collection includes 114 surveys books for ten counties in Virginia from 1931 through 1940, as well as files dated 1903-1947 of weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more. There is also the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others.","Please note: This collection is located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Engineering Experiment Station","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Series I of the Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station was transferred to Special Collections and University Archives in 1955. Series II was transferred in February 1982 and December 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology","University Archives","University History","Faculty and staff"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology","University Archives","University History","Faculty and staff"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["84.84 Cubic Feet 117 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["84.84 Cubic Feet 117 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicate copies of the Quarterly Bulletin of the Virginia State Crop Pest Commission were weeded from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicate copies of the Quarterly Bulletin of the Virginia State Crop Pest Commission were weeded from the collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Survey books, 1931-1940, which are organized by county and survey type:\n\n\u003clist\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries I. Albemarle County, 1935 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries II. Appomattox County, 1935-1936 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries III. Floyd County, 1937 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries IV. Grayson County, 1937 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries V. Halifax County, 1939 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries VI. Henry County Land Utilization Study, 1940 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries VII. Nansemond County, 1932 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries VIII. Norfolk Dairy Survey, 1931-1932 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries IX. Pittsylvania County, 1933 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries X. Russell County, 1935 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries XI. Truck Survey, 1938 \u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSubseries XII. Poultry Survey, 1931-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Files, 1903-1947, which are organized in loose chronological and subject order. Correspondence files are subdivided alphabetically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Survey books, 1931-1940, which are organized by county and survey type:\n\n\n Subseries I. Albemarle County, 1935 \n Subseries II. Appomattox County, 1935-1936 \n Subseries III. Floyd County, 1937 \n Subseries IV. Grayson County, 1937 \n Subseries V. Halifax County, 1939 \n Subseries VI. Henry County Land Utilization Study, 1940 \n Subseries VII. Nansemond County, 1932 \n Subseries VIII. Norfolk Dairy Survey, 1931-1932 \n Subseries IX. Pittsylvania County, 1933 \n Subseries X. Russell County, 1935 \n Subseries XI. Truck Survey, 1938 \n Subseries XII. Poultry Survey, 1931-1932\n\n\nSeries II. Files, 1903-1947, which are organized in loose chronological and subject order. Correspondence files are subdivided alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) was established in 1886 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and funded by the federal Hatch Act of 1887 for the purpose of providing practical and useful information on agricultural and scientific subjects. Originally, it was organized into three departments: agriculture, botany and entomology, and chemistry. VAES was responsible for several agricultural research stations and laboratories throughout Virginia. On July 1, 1966, the research activities of the Agricultural Experiment Station, as well as the Engineering Experiment Station, were combined under a University-wide Research Division. 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In 1978, the VAES moved from the Research Division to the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, RG 25/1, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Records of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, RG 25/1, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of Series II was completed in May 1985. The processing, arrangement, and description of Series I was commenced and completed in November 2019. Additional description was completed when converting the paper inventory of Series II to an electronic finding aid in January 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of Series II was completed in May 1985. The processing, arrangement, and description of Series I was commenced and completed in November 2019. Additional description was completed when converting the paper inventory of Series II to an electronic finding aid in January 2020.","Additional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains primarily farm surveys and reports, which comprise Series I. Survey books. Subjects covered include cattle, crop rotations, insecticides, orchards, etc. There are also statistical surveys on farm operations and productions in ten Virginia counties: Albemarle (1935, 2 vols.); Appomatox (1935-36, 4 vols.); Floyd (1937, 2 vols.); Grayson (1930-31, 8 vols.); Halifax (1939, 7 vols.); Henry (1940, 7 vols.); Nansemond (1932, 17 vols.); Norfolk (1931-32, 7 vols.); Pittsylvania (1933-36, 42 vols.); and Russell (1935, 9 vols.). Also included are 9 volumes of poultry surveys for several Virginia counties (1931-32) and a Truck survey done in 1938. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series comprises files dated 1903-1947. Materials include weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more at different Agricultural Research and Extension Centers (ARECs) across the state. Some of these records are from the earliest established ARECs at Chatham and Appomattox. The series also includes the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES from 1916 through 1946, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors and administrators at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains primarily farm surveys and reports, which comprise Series I. Survey books. Subjects covered include cattle, crop rotations, insecticides, orchards, etc. There are also statistical surveys on farm operations and productions in ten Virginia counties: Albemarle (1935, 2 vols.); Appomatox (1935-36, 4 vols.); Floyd (1937, 2 vols.); Grayson (1930-31, 8 vols.); Halifax (1939, 7 vols.); Henry (1940, 7 vols.); Nansemond (1932, 17 vols.); Norfolk (1931-32, 7 vols.); Pittsylvania (1933-36, 42 vols.); and Russell (1935, 9 vols.). Also included are 9 volumes of poultry surveys for several Virginia counties (1931-32) and a Truck survey done in 1938.","The second series comprises files dated 1903-1947. Materials include weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more at different Agricultural Research and Extension Centers (ARECs) across the state. Some of these records are from the earliest established ARECs at Chatham and Appomattox. The series also includes the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES from 1916 through 1946, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors and administrators at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others.","Additional unprocessed boxes are not on this list but are available to view. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6ed56403e7dcfe9344d0acd27846152f\"\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) was established in 1886 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and funded by the federal Hatch Act of 1887 for the purpose of providing practical and useful information on agricultural and scientific subjects. The collection includes 114 surveys books for ten counties in Virginia from 1931 through 1940, as well as files dated 1903-1947 of weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more. There is also the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (VAES) was established in 1886 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly and funded by the federal Hatch Act of 1887 for the purpose of providing practical and useful information on agricultural and scientific subjects. The collection includes 114 surveys books for ten counties in Virginia from 1931 through 1940, as well as files dated 1903-1947 of weather reports, annual reports of investigations of the field laboratories, and a large amount of documentation of various research projects related to crops, orchards, animals, and more. There is also the correspondence of A. W. Drinkard, Jr., director of VAES, with state entomologist and plant pathologist W. J. Schoene, professors at VPI, agricultural organizations, and others."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3795407ccafec3cbd931cd9fec9e8095\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: This collection is located in off-site storage and may require 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Engineering Experiment Station","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Research Division","Virginia Truck Experiment Station (1907-1967)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Engineering Experiment Station","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Research Division","Virginia Truck Experiment Station (1907-1967)","Drinkard, Alfred Washington, Jr."],"persname_ssim":["Drinkard, Alfred Washington, Jr."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Engineering Experiment Station","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Research Division","Virginia Truck Experiment Station (1907-1967)","Drinkard, Alfred Washington, Jr."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1287,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:47.188Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3475_c02_c349"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fries, David M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2013.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196141","title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1962","1961-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1962"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"text":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013","Civil rights","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Fries, David M."],"creator_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"creators_ssim":["Fries, David M.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026amp;M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_378f5be20ac7eb6c335e3e5d7877e1af\"\u003eIncludes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"names_coll_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:54:07.247Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2013.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196141","title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1962","1961-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1962"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"text":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013","Civil rights","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"_nest_path_":"/components#440","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:58:19.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6211.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199160","title_ssm":["Topographic Maps"],"title_tesim":["Topographic Maps"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1989","1900-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"text":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980","A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211","Harrison County (W. 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(9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 oversize folder, 2 items)"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026amp;M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. 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The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79abe5859281e2c3abcec4f8657f48fa\"\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e3dadab46f2f87e9a417123b4d591e18\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Va.)","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_898889a085ef86674fdc87e3d87711fb\"\u003eTwo volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0fab77d036f1efcfd9ee21624651be4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Va.)","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"creators_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026amp;M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_898889a085ef86674fdc87e3d87711fb\"\u003eTwo volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0fab77d036f1efcfd9ee21624651be4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:55:30.182Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W (includes 2 cartoons), 1925/1950","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01","parent_ssim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018","Series 1. General Correspondence, 1910/1950"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"W (includes 2 cartoons)","title_ssm":["W (includes 2 cartoons)"],"title_tesim":["W (includes 2 cartoons)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W (includes 2 cartoons), 1925/1950"],"text":["W (includes 2 cartoons), 1925/1950","Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018","Series 1. General Correspondence, 1910/1950","Box 2","Folder 11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018","Series 1. General Correspondence, 1910/1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018","Series 1. General Correspondence, 1910/1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1950"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":21,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018"],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\n\nResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#19","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:53:14.141Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1202.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195570","title_ssm":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018"],"text":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018","A\u0026M 3020","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1202","Braxton County (W. Va.)","Webster County (W. Va.)","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","Newspaper publishing","Newspaper editors","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\n\nResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","Researchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","Researchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","William Edwin Chilton, Sr. (1858-1939), US Senator and publisher of the Charleston Gazette, was born in St. Albans, West Virginia.  Educated by private tutors, and later attending Shelton College, St. Albans, he began teaching school at the age of 16.  He later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880, settling in Charleston shortly afterwards, and becoming associated with John E. Kenna, US Senator from West Virginia, who served from 1883 to 1893.  He later became a member of Chilton, MacCorkle and Chilton, involved himself with Democratic politics, and attained recognition as an able leader in public affairs.  He was appointed prosecuting attorney in 1883, was admitted to the Supreme Court in 1891, was chairman of the Democratic State Executive Committee in 1892, Secretary of the State from 1893 to 1897, and United State Senator from 1911 to 1917.  He was recognized as an orator and writer of unusual power and force.  After a defeated nomination to the United States Senate in 1924, he retired from his law practice and concerned himself with the editorship of the Charleston Gazette.  He married Mary Louise Tarr in 1892, and had four children:  William Edwin Chilton, Jr., J. Eustace Chilton, Eleanor Chilton, and Elizabeth Chilton Lowery Murray.  Eleanor achieved recognition as a writer, authoring Shadows Waiting and Follow the Furies.","William Edwin Chilton, Jr. (1893-1950) President of the Daily Gazette Company and managing editor of the Charleston Gazette, was born in Charleston, West Virginia.  He graduated from Yale in 1917, and then served during the World War, primarily in convoy flying based in North Sydney, Nova Scotia.  He became managing editor of the Charleston Gazette in 1924.  He married Louise Schoonmaker in 1920, and had two children:  William Edwin (Ned) Chilton, III, and Mary Carroll Chilton Abbott.","Source:  West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia, ed. Jim Comstock (Richwood, WV: Jim Comstock, 1976), Vol. 5.","William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton (November 26, 1921 - February 7, 1987) was born in Kingston, New York, the son of Louise C. Schoonmaker and William Edwin Chilton, Jr.  He grew up in Charleston, West Virginia, and was educated in the public schools.  After serving in the United States Army and Army Air Corp, he graduated from Yale University in 1950.  Chilton married Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early in 1952.  They have one daughter, Susan Carroll.  He was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates from Kanawha County in 1952 and was re-elected in 1954, 1956, and 1958.  He was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1960 and again in 1964, when he served on the party's platform committee.  In 1967, Mr. Chilton served as a member of the Citizen's Advisory Commission on the West Virginia Legislature.   After working in the promotions department, Ned Chilton served as publisher of the Charleston Gazette from 1961 until his death in 1987.  The newspaper gained distinction under his direction through innovative editorial policies including \"right of reply\" and front page corrections. In 1982, he received the Colby College Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award for courage and integrity in journalism, and in 1985 he was named to the newspaper advisory board of United Press International.  He also served as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Awards committee.  Although active in the newspaper business and politics, Mr. Chilton gave his time and support to numerous civic, social and public organizations.","Source:  State of West Virginia House Resolution No. 15 \"A House Resolution Commemorating the Passing of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, publisher of the Charleston Gazette and former member of the House of Delegates\" adopted February 16, 1987.","Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early Chilton was born in Williamson, West Virginia. She married William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton in 1952. Mrs. Chilton has worked in various roles at the Charleston Gazette Co. and its related entities, working in public relations and later serving as president and an editorial board member of the Gazette, serving as vice president and treasurer of the Daily Gazette Co., and serving as the director of Charleston Newspapers. She attended both Hollins College and Marjorie Webster College and has been an active member in local and regional organizations dedicated to advancing journalism, education, and the humanities broadly. Mrs. Chilton has received awards for her work in the field of journalism and her service to her community, including the President's Distinguished Service Award from West Virginia University.","Source: \"Charleston Gazette Co. president to receive WVU Distinguished Service Award,\" WVU Today, May 1, 2000.","Scrapbooks, correspondence, business papers, and memorabilia of a prominent Charleston family that were long time owners of the Charleston Gazette.  There are papers of W. E. Chilton, Sr., and for his son and grandson, W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III.  The papers of Chilton senior include some correspondence, but mostly land papers documenting the coal mining district in Webster and Braxton Counties. There are also scrapbooks, and contracts pertaining to the family newspaper business; and volumes on the education of W. E. Chilton, Jr. at Woodberry, VA Forest School, and at Yale. The military service of the Chiltons is documented by the service papers, photographs, and other material for W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III in World War (WWI) I and World War II (WWII) respectively.","The initial acquisition of 1992 includes eight boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton senior (1858-1939), including series for:  general correspondence; rare signatures; subjects; land titles and abstracts; legal records; newspapers and pictures; scrapbooks; and artifacts.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.","Rare signatures in the initial acquisition of W. E. Chilton, Sr., include:  Louis \"Satchmo\" Armstrong, Newton D. Baker, Alben W. Barkley, \"Count\" Basie, Lester Young, Louis D. Brandeis, Richard E. Byrd, Cab Calloway, Dale Carnegie, Tom Clark, Grover Cleveland, Charles Curtis, Josephus Daniels, John W. Davis, \"Dizzy\" Dean, Jack Dempsey, Thomas E. Dewey, J. DiMaggio, James A. Farley, Bob Feller, Ella Fitzgerald, John N. Garner, Lou Gehrig, Carter Glass, Hank Greenberg, W. C. Handy, Averell Harriman, Herbert Hoover, J. Edgar Hoover, Harold L. Ickes, Helen Keller, Guy Lombardo, Joe Louis, William G. McAdoo, Glenn Miller, Dwight Morrow, C. W. Nimitz, G. W. Norris, Westbrook Pegler, Gifford Pinchot, Drew Pearson, Sam Rayburn, Eddie V. Rickenbacker, Paul Robeson, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, \"Babe\" Ruth, J. D. Salinger, Margaret Sanger, Sam Snead, Felix B. Stump, Fred M. Vinson, \"Fats\" Waller, W. A. White, Jess Willard, Ted Williams, Wendell Willkie, Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, and Cy Young.","The addendum of 2001 includes five boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton, III (1921-1987), including series for:  biographical information; incoming letters; photographs; ephemera; clippings; subjects; legal records; writings, speeches, and publications; and oversize.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.","The addendum of 2004 includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled \"Mr. Dooley In Peace and in War\" by Finley Peter Dunne, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company.  The author's name does not appear in this book.  Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.","The addendum of 2018 April 4 includes 3 boxes consisting of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office.","The addendum of 2018 July 24 includes 10 boxes consisting of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items.","The addendum of 2018 November 29 includes 1 folder featuring a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton.","This series includes mostly incoming letters and cards to William Edwin Chilton, Sr. [1858-1939], William Edwin Chilton, Jr. [1893-1950], William Edwin [Ned] Chilton, III [1921-1987], J. Eustace Chilton, and a number of employees of the Charleston Gazette; topics of discussion include personal matters and business affairs of the family, business of the Charleston Gazette, business of the U.S. Senate, Prohibition, the Depression, the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Democratic Party issues and strategies, among other subjects; there are original cartoons by popular comic strip artists drawn for William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, [with black ink on heavy card stock.]  As W.E. Chilton, III, was an avid collector of autographs, some files also contain letters soliciting signatures, as well as signed cards and replies.","This series includes signatures of prominent celebrities and historical figures collected by the Chiltons.  (Access to rare signatures requires the permission of a WVC curator.)","This series includes the WWI US Navy Air Corps service papers of Chilton, Jr., and the WWII US Army Air Corp diary of Chilton, III.","This series includes land papers for coal and timber lands in Braxton and Webster counties.","This series includes the wills and other documents of Chilton, Sr. and Chilton, Jr.","This series includes copies of the Yale Daily News for 1914-1915.","This series includes one scrapbook for Chilton, Sr. (1911-56) and five scrapbooks for Chilton, Jr. (1911-1953), among others.","This series includes two Yale fraternity paddles, a WV House of Delegates License Plate, a ceremonial key to the City of Logan, and a glass encapsulated nail of WVU Martin Hall.","This series documents the life of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, member of a prominent Charleston family which has managed the Charleston Gazette since the late nineteenth century.  The majority of this collection consists of letters received by Chilton that discuss family matters, the business of the Charleston Gazette, social and political issues, and current events of the time.","All boxes listed with \"ADD\" at the beginning of the box number are part of this addendum.","This series includes mostly incoming letters to William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III, from 1920-1985.    These letters describe business and personal matters of the Chilton family and the Charleston Gazette. Since Chilton corresponded with numerous journalists, syndicated columnists, and elected officials, these incoming letters document his social and political activities and discuss historic and political events. Some early letters belong to his father, W.E. Chilton, Jr. and his grandfather, W. E. Chilton, Sr..","This series includes incoming letters from 1961-1985 covering a range of personal and political topics. Topics include family, travel plans, possible guests for Firing Line, William F. Buckley Pulitzer nomination, Mexico, gun control, Rockefeller campaign spending, the Freedom of Information Act, Rhodesia, libel, 1980 presidential election, cost of legal services, public presentation of legal ethics committees, punishment of nonviolent crimes, drugs, drug policy, L.T. Anderson, and Vietnam. Other letters from Buckley also can also be found within the chronologically sorted letters.","This series contains incoming letters from 1960-1987 that discuss personal and political matters. Topics include banking and equality under the law, FBI, J. Edgar Hoover, civil liberties of Congress, Edvard Munch, National Taxpayer's Union, neo-liberalism, editing problems in Charleston Gazette, Hoover Commission Study, West Virginia economics and politics, Russell Baker, Bob Eckhardt, salaries of legislators, oil crisis, AT\u0026T, Congressional Power, Richard Nixon, Ted Kennedy, Robert C. Byrd, punishment for white collar crime, Ralph Nader, flag burning, UMW pension fund, Associated Press vs. United Press International, prisons, treatment of prisoners, drunk driving, neo-liberalism and homosexuality, nomination of Chilton for Hugh Hefner 1st Amendment Award, Larry Flynt, legalization of drugs, and national security policy.  More letters from Robert and Mary Sherrill can be found within the chronologically sorted letters.","This series contains photos of W.E. \"Ned\" Chilton, pictures of other Chilton family members, and miscellaneous unidentified photos.  This series also contains autographed photos collected by Chilton.","This series includes a variety of artifacts collected by Ned Chilton.","This series includes newspaper and magazine clippings which document Chilton's family, career, and miscellaneous topics.  Other clippings include a series of Charleston Gazette editorials from 1949 and newspaper clippings relating to W.E. Chilton, Sr.'s election to Senate in 1911.","This series includes documents relating to Chilton's Journalism Professorship at WVU, the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association, the WVU Parkersburg Center, Yale University, the \n1982 Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award, as well as certificates, financial papers and receipts, invitations, programs, and tributes.","This series includes documents from a case argued by W.E. Chilton, Sr. and court decisions relating to the wills of W.E. Chilton, Jr. and John D. Schoonmaker.","This series includes miscellaneous writings on political and historical topics by William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III.","This series includes oversize photos, drawings, cartoons, blueprints and certificates.","This addendum includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled Mr. Dooley: In Peace and in War by Finley Peter Dunne. It is a third or fourth edition copy, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company. The author's name does not appear in this book. Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.","This addendum consists of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office.","This sub-series contains a selection of publications collected by Ned and Betty Chilton. Many of these books were gifted to them and contain notes or signatures from the individual who bestowed the gift. Others contain embossed imprints to indicate that Ned Chilton was the owner of the book. Topics include but are not limited to politics, comics, industry, fiction, and West Virginia history. Includes multiple books by William F. Buckley, Jr.","This sub-series contains four displomas/certificates given to W.E. Chilton, Jr. and Sr. to acknowledge Chilton Sr.'s induction into the legislature, Chilton Jr.'s school graduation, and their contributions to political funds.","This sub-series contains eight framed and unframed drawings or prints. Contents include two framed caricatures drawn by Taylor Jones (1976 and 1977), two framed prints from the Rex Morgan, MD (May 24, 1965) and Beetle Bailey (1975) comic strips, two unframed prints from the Blondie (November 28, 1993) and Dick Tracy (April 8, 1935) comic strips, an unlabeled print by comic artist Kendall Vintroux (March 19, 1966), and a framed copy of the Harper's Weekly political cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast, depicting the first representation of the Democratic party as a donkey and originally published on January 15, 1870.","This addendum consists of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items.","This sub-series consists of scrapbooks featuring clippings from the Charleston Gazette, arranged by the Chilton family into binders organized by publication date.","This box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks and several loose scrapbook pages. These scrapbooks consist of materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled Old Days (contains materials from as early as 1900), Late 1950s, From 1980, Toward 2000, and 2001: A Gazette Odyssey. The unbound pages contain content ranging from the 1940s to 2017, and they appear to have been created around 2017.","This box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks consisting of photographs, clippings, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled From the '60s (materials from ca. 1960-1979), Into 2003 (materials from 2002-2004), 2005, 2009, and 2014. These scrapbooks appear to have been created ca. 2017.","This sub-series consists of miscellaneous articles, clippings, and facsimiles of articles from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Topics include Ned Chilton and other notable figures, politics, business, and industry in West Virginia, and additional miscellaneous topics.","This box consists of miscellaneous clippings from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Also included is a printed, bound collection of facsimiles of articles originally published in the Charleston Gazette covering the subject of consumer fraud.","This partial box contains a broad selection of clippings, most originally printed in the Charleston Gazette, but also includes articles from other publications. Topics include Gazette Q and A interviews, politics, finance, articles written to memorialize Ned Chilton, and features highlighting Chilton family activities and achievements.","This partial box contains a collection of clippings from the Gazette and other publications, material related to awards and scholars sponsored by the Gazette, and additional miscellaneous related items.","This partial box contains a variety of clippings, from the Charleston Gazette and other publications, including articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III.","This partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include clippings, facsimiles of articles and family history book pages, publications, and other miscellaneous materials. Topics include published articles based on the Chiltons' trip around the world in 1977, Gazette investigative reports, articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III, the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family members featured in other publications, and Ned Chilton memorial articles.","This sub-series contains two framed prints and three commemorative plaques. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a poster, a signed photo mat, several oversize publications, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.","This box contains two framed prints, one from the Steve Roper comic and one from the Judge Parker comic, both from 1965. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a Charleston Gazette poster, a photo mat signed by Lieutenant Colonel Alan Sierichs (retired), several oversize publications including The John Birch Coloring Book published in 1962, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.","This partial box contains three commemorative metal plaques. One award was given in tribute to the Charleston Gazette from the Associated Press Managing Editors Association in 1979. The other two were presented to Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton, and include the West Virginia State College Second Century Award and the Charleston Distance Run Eugene M. Fuller Extra Mile Award, to acknowledge her excellence in leadership, service, and dedication.","This sub-series consists of two folders of photos, 19 .jpg images, and a folder of printed copies of the digital photos, which document Charleston Gazette and Charleston Daily Mail staff and activities. Also includes a 3 and 3/4 speed tape reel recording of political programs from the early 1960s and a CD-R of West Virginia Public Radio program content featuring Jim Haught discussing the Charleston Gazette, Ned Chilton, Don Marsh, and other topics.","This sub-series includes correspondence, court documentation, financial records, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family business.","This partial box consists of materials related to Gazette business, including but not limited to correspondence, court proceedings, artwork, financial records, and other miscellaneous documents related to the Charleston Gazette and the Chiltons.","This partial box includes court case documentation, correspondence, and other Gazette related materials.","This partial box consists of Gazette business materials, including but not limited to travel documentation, sponsorship documents and correspondence, visiting scholars and journalists, government correspondence regarding the Freedom of Information Act and potential government files about the Gazette, committee and insurance information, and other miscellaneous business correspondence and documentation.","This partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include correspondence including letters and printed copies of emails, court reports, photographs, financial documents, and other miscellaneous materials. It includes materials the Chiltons retained from their trip around the world in 1977, information about the Charleston Gazette business, and documentation of Chilton family members' activities and achievements.","This addendum consists of a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearson, Drew.","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, 1884/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3020","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1202"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3020","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1202"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Braxton County (W. Va.)","Webster County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Braxton County (W. Va.)","Webster County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Braxton County (W. Va.)","Webster County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty"],"creator_ssim":["Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pearson, Drew."],"creators_ssim":["Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearson, Drew."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Multiple gifts of Chilton, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early, 1992 April 9, 2001 July 24, 2004 November 16, 2018 April 4, 2018 July 24, and 2018 November 29."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","Newspaper publishing","Newspaper editors"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","Newspaper publishing","Newspaper editors"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.75 Linear Feet 18 ft. 9 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (8 records cartons, 15 in. each); (3 records carton, 17 in. each); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 in.); (1 clamshell box, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["18.75 Linear Feet 18 ft. 9 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (8 records cartons, 15 in. each); (3 records carton, 17 in. each); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 1 in.); (1 clamshell box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.\n\nResearchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","Researchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","The coloring book in box 23 is restricted until it can be cleaned.","Researchers may access audiovisual and digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Edwin Chilton, Sr. (1858-1939), US Senator and publisher of the Charleston Gazette, was born in St. Albans, West Virginia.  Educated by private tutors, and later attending Shelton College, St. Albans, he began teaching school at the age of 16.  He later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880, settling in Charleston shortly afterwards, and becoming associated with John E. Kenna, US Senator from West Virginia, who served from 1883 to 1893.  He later became a member of Chilton, MacCorkle and Chilton, involved himself with Democratic politics, and attained recognition as an able leader in public affairs.  He was appointed prosecuting attorney in 1883, was admitted to the Supreme Court in 1891, was chairman of the Democratic State Executive Committee in 1892, Secretary of the State from 1893 to 1897, and United State Senator from 1911 to 1917.  He was recognized as an orator and writer of unusual power and force.  After a defeated nomination to the United States Senate in 1924, he retired from his law practice and concerned himself with the editorship of the Charleston Gazette.  He married Mary Louise Tarr in 1892, and had four children:  William Edwin Chilton, Jr., J. Eustace Chilton, Eleanor Chilton, and Elizabeth Chilton Lowery Murray.  Eleanor achieved recognition as a writer, authoring Shadows Waiting and Follow the Furies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Edwin Chilton, Jr. (1893-1950) President of the Daily Gazette Company and managing editor of the Charleston Gazette, was born in Charleston, West Virginia.  He graduated from Yale in 1917, and then served during the World War, primarily in convoy flying based in North Sydney, Nova Scotia.  He became managing editor of the Charleston Gazette in 1924.  He married Louise Schoonmaker in 1920, and had two children:  William Edwin (Ned) Chilton, III, and Mary Carroll Chilton Abbott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:  West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia, ed. Jim Comstock (Richwood, WV: Jim Comstock, 1976), Vol. 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWilliam Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton (November 26, 1921 - February 7, 1987) was born in Kingston, New York, the son of Louise C. Schoonmaker and William Edwin Chilton, Jr.  He grew up in Charleston, West Virginia, and was educated in the public schools.  After serving in the United States Army and Army Air Corp, he graduated from Yale University in 1950.  Chilton married Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early in 1952.  They have one daughter, Susan Carroll.  He was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates from Kanawha County in 1952 and was re-elected in 1954, 1956, and 1958.  He was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1960 and again in 1964, when he served on the party's platform committee.  In 1967, Mr. Chilton served as a member of the Citizen's Advisory Commission on the West Virginia Legislature.   After working in the promotions department, Ned Chilton served as publisher of the Charleston Gazette from 1961 until his death in 1987.  The newspaper gained distinction under his direction through innovative editorial policies including \"right of reply\" and front page corrections. In 1982, he received the Colby College Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award for courage and integrity in journalism, and in 1985 he was named to the newspaper advisory board of United Press International.  He also served as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Awards committee.  Although active in the newspaper business and politics, Mr. Chilton gave his time and support to numerous civic, social and public organizations.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:  State of West Virginia House Resolution No. 15 \"A House Resolution Commemorating the Passing of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, publisher of the Charleston Gazette and former member of the House of Delegates\" adopted February 16, 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nElizabeth \"Betty\" Early Chilton was born in Williamson, West Virginia. She married William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton in 1952. Mrs. Chilton has worked in various roles at the Charleston Gazette Co. and its related entities, working in public relations and later serving as president and an editorial board member of the Gazette, serving as vice president and treasurer of the Daily Gazette Co., and serving as the director of Charleston Newspapers. She attended both Hollins College and Marjorie Webster College and has been an active member in local and regional organizations dedicated to advancing journalism, education, and the humanities broadly. Mrs. Chilton has received awards for her work in the field of journalism and her service to her community, including the President's Distinguished Service Award from West Virginia University. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: \"\u003ca href=\"http://wvutoday-archive.wvu.edu/n/2000/05/01/2862.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCharleston Gazette Co. president to receive WVU Distinguished Service Award,\u003c/a\u003e\" WVU Today, May 1, 2000. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Edwin Chilton, Sr. (1858-1939), US Senator and publisher of the Charleston Gazette, was born in St. Albans, West Virginia.  Educated by private tutors, and later attending Shelton College, St. Albans, he began teaching school at the age of 16.  He later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880, settling in Charleston shortly afterwards, and becoming associated with John E. Kenna, US Senator from West Virginia, who served from 1883 to 1893.  He later became a member of Chilton, MacCorkle and Chilton, involved himself with Democratic politics, and attained recognition as an able leader in public affairs.  He was appointed prosecuting attorney in 1883, was admitted to the Supreme Court in 1891, was chairman of the Democratic State Executive Committee in 1892, Secretary of the State from 1893 to 1897, and United State Senator from 1911 to 1917.  He was recognized as an orator and writer of unusual power and force.  After a defeated nomination to the United States Senate in 1924, he retired from his law practice and concerned himself with the editorship of the Charleston Gazette.  He married Mary Louise Tarr in 1892, and had four children:  William Edwin Chilton, Jr., J. Eustace Chilton, Eleanor Chilton, and Elizabeth Chilton Lowery Murray.  Eleanor achieved recognition as a writer, authoring Shadows Waiting and Follow the Furies.","William Edwin Chilton, Jr. (1893-1950) President of the Daily Gazette Company and managing editor of the Charleston Gazette, was born in Charleston, West Virginia.  He graduated from Yale in 1917, and then served during the World War, primarily in convoy flying based in North Sydney, Nova Scotia.  He became managing editor of the Charleston Gazette in 1924.  He married Louise Schoonmaker in 1920, and had two children:  William Edwin (Ned) Chilton, III, and Mary Carroll Chilton Abbott.","Source:  West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia, ed. Jim Comstock (Richwood, WV: Jim Comstock, 1976), Vol. 5.","William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton (November 26, 1921 - February 7, 1987) was born in Kingston, New York, the son of Louise C. Schoonmaker and William Edwin Chilton, Jr.  He grew up in Charleston, West Virginia, and was educated in the public schools.  After serving in the United States Army and Army Air Corp, he graduated from Yale University in 1950.  Chilton married Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early in 1952.  They have one daughter, Susan Carroll.  He was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates from Kanawha County in 1952 and was re-elected in 1954, 1956, and 1958.  He was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1960 and again in 1964, when he served on the party's platform committee.  In 1967, Mr. Chilton served as a member of the Citizen's Advisory Commission on the West Virginia Legislature.   After working in the promotions department, Ned Chilton served as publisher of the Charleston Gazette from 1961 until his death in 1987.  The newspaper gained distinction under his direction through innovative editorial policies including \"right of reply\" and front page corrections. In 1982, he received the Colby College Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award for courage and integrity in journalism, and in 1985 he was named to the newspaper advisory board of United Press International.  He also served as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Awards committee.  Although active in the newspaper business and politics, Mr. Chilton gave his time and support to numerous civic, social and public organizations.","Source:  State of West Virginia House Resolution No. 15 \"A House Resolution Commemorating the Passing of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, publisher of the Charleston Gazette and former member of the House of Delegates\" adopted February 16, 1987.","Elizabeth \"Betty\" Early Chilton was born in Williamson, West Virginia. She married William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton in 1952. Mrs. Chilton has worked in various roles at the Charleston Gazette Co. and its related entities, working in public relations and later serving as president and an editorial board member of the Gazette, serving as vice president and treasurer of the Daily Gazette Co., and serving as the director of Charleston Newspapers. She attended both Hollins College and Marjorie Webster College and has been an active member in local and regional organizations dedicated to advancing journalism, education, and the humanities broadly. Mrs. Chilton has received awards for her work in the field of journalism and her service to her community, including the President's Distinguished Service Award from West Virginia University.","Source: \"Charleston Gazette Co. president to receive WVU Distinguished Service Award,\" WVU Today, May 1, 2000."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3020, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Charleston Gazette Publishing Company Records and Chilton Family Papers, A\u0026M 3020, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, correspondence, business papers, and memorabilia of a prominent Charleston family that were long time owners of the Charleston Gazette.  There are papers of W. E. Chilton, Sr., and for his son and grandson, W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III.  The papers of Chilton senior include some correspondence, but mostly land papers documenting the coal mining district in Webster and Braxton Counties. There are also scrapbooks, and contracts pertaining to the family newspaper business; and volumes on the education of W. E. Chilton, Jr. at Woodberry, VA Forest School, and at Yale. The military service of the Chiltons is documented by the service papers, photographs, and other material for W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III in World War (WWI) I and World War II (WWII) respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe initial acquisition of 1992 includes eight boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton senior (1858-1939), including series for:  general correspondence; rare signatures; subjects; land titles and abstracts; legal records; newspapers and pictures; scrapbooks; and artifacts.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRare signatures in the initial acquisition of W. E. Chilton, Sr., include:  Louis \"Satchmo\" Armstrong, Newton D. Baker, Alben W. Barkley, \"Count\" Basie, Lester Young, Louis D. Brandeis, Richard E. Byrd, Cab Calloway, Dale Carnegie, Tom Clark, Grover Cleveland, Charles Curtis, Josephus Daniels, John W. Davis, \"Dizzy\" Dean, Jack Dempsey, Thomas E. Dewey, J. DiMaggio, James A. Farley, Bob Feller, Ella Fitzgerald, John N. Garner, Lou Gehrig, Carter Glass, Hank Greenberg, W. C. Handy, Averell Harriman, Herbert Hoover, J. Edgar Hoover, Harold L. Ickes, Helen Keller, Guy Lombardo, Joe Louis, William G. McAdoo, Glenn Miller, Dwight Morrow, C. W. Nimitz, G. W. Norris, Westbrook Pegler, Gifford Pinchot, Drew Pearson, Sam Rayburn, Eddie V. Rickenbacker, Paul Robeson, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, \"Babe\" Ruth, J. D. Salinger, Margaret Sanger, Sam Snead, Felix B. Stump, Fred M. Vinson, \"Fats\" Waller, W. A. White, Jess Willard, Ted Williams, Wendell Willkie, Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, and Cy Young.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum of 2001 includes five boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton, III (1921-1987), including series for:  biographical information; incoming letters; photographs; ephemera; clippings; subjects; legal records; writings, speeches, and publications; and oversize.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum of 2004 includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled \"Mr. Dooley In Peace and in War\" by Finley Peter Dunne, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company.  The author's name does not appear in this book.  Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum of 2018 April 4 includes 3 boxes consisting of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum of 2018 July 24 includes 10 boxes consisting of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum of 2018 November 29 includes 1 folder featuring a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes mostly incoming letters and cards to William Edwin Chilton, Sr. [1858-1939], William Edwin Chilton, Jr. [1893-1950], William Edwin [Ned] Chilton, III [1921-1987], J. Eustace Chilton, and a number of employees of the Charleston Gazette; topics of discussion include personal matters and business affairs of the family, business of the Charleston Gazette, business of the U.S. Senate, Prohibition, the Depression, the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Democratic Party issues and strategies, among other subjects; there are original cartoons by popular comic strip artists drawn for William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, [with black ink on heavy card stock.]  As W.E. Chilton, III, was an avid collector of autographs, some files also contain letters soliciting signatures, as well as signed cards and replies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes signatures of prominent celebrities and historical figures collected by the Chiltons.  (Access to rare signatures requires the permission of a WVC curator.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the WWI US Navy Air Corps service papers of Chilton, Jr., and the WWII US Army Air Corp diary of Chilton, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes land papers for coal and timber lands in Braxton and Webster counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes the wills and other documents of Chilton, Sr. and Chilton, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes copies of the Yale Daily News for 1914-1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes one scrapbook for Chilton, Sr. (1911-56) and five scrapbooks for Chilton, Jr. (1911-1953), among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes two Yale fraternity paddles, a WV House of Delegates License Plate, a ceremonial key to the City of Logan, and a glass encapsulated nail of WVU Martin Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents the life of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, member of a prominent Charleston family which has managed the Charleston Gazette since the late nineteenth century.  The majority of this collection consists of letters received by Chilton that discuss family matters, the business of the Charleston Gazette, social and political issues, and current events of the time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll boxes listed with \"ADD\" at the beginning of the box number are part of this addendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes mostly incoming letters to William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III, from 1920-1985.    These letters describe business and personal matters of the Chilton family and the Charleston Gazette. Since Chilton corresponded with numerous journalists, syndicated columnists, and elected officials, these incoming letters document his social and political activities and discuss historic and political events. Some early letters belong to his father, W.E. Chilton, Jr. and his grandfather, W. E. Chilton, Sr..\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes incoming letters from 1961-1985 covering a range of personal and political topics. Topics include family, travel plans, possible guests for Firing Line, William F. Buckley Pulitzer nomination, Mexico, gun control, Rockefeller campaign spending, the Freedom of Information Act, Rhodesia, libel, 1980 presidential election, cost of legal services, public presentation of legal ethics committees, punishment of nonviolent crimes, drugs, drug policy, L.T. Anderson, and Vietnam. Other letters from Buckley also can also be found within the chronologically sorted letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains incoming letters from 1960-1987 that discuss personal and political matters. Topics include banking and equality under the law, FBI, J. Edgar Hoover, civil liberties of Congress, Edvard Munch, National Taxpayer's Union, neo-liberalism, editing problems in Charleston Gazette, Hoover Commission Study, West Virginia economics and politics, Russell Baker, Bob Eckhardt, salaries of legislators, oil crisis, AT\u0026amp;T, Congressional Power, Richard Nixon, Ted Kennedy, Robert C. Byrd, punishment for white collar crime, Ralph Nader, flag burning, UMW pension fund, Associated Press vs. United Press International, prisons, treatment of prisoners, drunk driving, neo-liberalism and homosexuality, nomination of Chilton for Hugh Hefner 1st Amendment Award, Larry Flynt, legalization of drugs, and national security policy.  More letters from Robert and Mary Sherrill can be found within the chronologically sorted letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains photos of W.E. \"Ned\" Chilton, pictures of other Chilton family members, and miscellaneous unidentified photos.  This series also contains autographed photos collected by Chilton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a variety of artifacts collected by Ned Chilton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspaper and magazine clippings which document Chilton's family, career, and miscellaneous topics.  Other clippings include a series of Charleston Gazette editorials from 1949 and newspaper clippings relating to W.E. Chilton, Sr.'s election to Senate in 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes documents relating to Chilton's Journalism Professorship at WVU, the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association, the WVU Parkersburg Center, Yale University, the \n1982 Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award, as well as certificates, financial papers and receipts, invitations, programs, and tributes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes documents from a case argued by W.E. Chilton, Sr. and court decisions relating to the wills of W.E. Chilton, Jr. and John D. Schoonmaker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous writings on political and historical topics by William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes oversize photos, drawings, cartoons, blueprints and certificates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMr. Dooley: In Peace and in War\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e by Finley Peter Dunne. It is a third or fourth edition copy, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company. The author's name does not appear in this book. Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum consists of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains a selection of publications collected by Ned and Betty Chilton. Many of these books were gifted to them and contain notes or signatures from the individual who bestowed the gift. Others contain embossed imprints to indicate that Ned Chilton was the owner of the book. Topics include but are not limited to politics, comics, industry, fiction, and West Virginia history. Includes multiple books by William F. Buckley, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains four displomas/certificates given to W.E. Chilton, Jr. and Sr. to acknowledge Chilton Sr.'s induction into the legislature, Chilton Jr.'s school graduation, and their contributions to political funds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains eight framed and unframed drawings or prints. Contents include two framed caricatures drawn by Taylor Jones (1976 and 1977), two framed prints from the Rex Morgan, MD (May 24, 1965) and Beetle Bailey (1975) comic strips, two unframed prints from the Blondie (November 28, 1993) and Dick Tracy (April 8, 1935) comic strips, an unlabeled print by comic artist Kendall Vintroux (March 19, 1966), and a framed copy of the Harper's Weekly political cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast, depicting the first representation of the Democratic party as a donkey and originally published on January 15, 1870.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum consists of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series consists of scrapbooks featuring clippings from the Charleston Gazette, arranged by the Chilton family into binders organized by publication date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks and several loose scrapbook pages. These scrapbooks consist of materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled Old Days (contains materials from as early as 1900), Late 1950s, From 1980, Toward 2000, and 2001: A Gazette Odyssey. The unbound pages contain content ranging from the 1940s to 2017, and they appear to have been created around 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks consisting of photographs, clippings, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled From the '60s (materials from ca. 1960-1979), Into 2003 (materials from 2002-2004), 2005, 2009, and 2014. These scrapbooks appear to have been created ca. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series consists of miscellaneous articles, clippings, and facsimiles of articles from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Topics include Ned Chilton and other notable figures, politics, business, and industry in West Virginia, and additional miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box consists of miscellaneous clippings from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Also included is a printed, bound collection of facsimiles of articles originally published in the Charleston Gazette covering the subject of consumer fraud.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains a broad selection of clippings, most originally printed in the Charleston Gazette, but also includes articles from other publications. Topics include Gazette Q and A interviews, politics, finance, articles written to memorialize Ned Chilton, and features highlighting Chilton family activities and achievements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains a collection of clippings from the Gazette and other publications, material related to awards and scholars sponsored by the Gazette, and additional miscellaneous related items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains a variety of clippings, from the Charleston Gazette and other publications, including articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include clippings, facsimiles of articles and family history book pages, publications, and other miscellaneous materials. Topics include published articles based on the Chiltons' trip around the world in 1977, Gazette investigative reports, articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III, the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family members featured in other publications, and Ned Chilton memorial articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains two framed prints and three commemorative plaques. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a poster, a signed photo mat, several oversize publications, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains two framed prints, one from the Steve Roper comic and one from the Judge Parker comic, both from 1965. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a Charleston Gazette poster, a photo mat signed by Lieutenant Colonel Alan Sierichs (retired), several oversize publications including The John Birch Coloring Book published in 1962, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains three commemorative metal plaques. One award was given in tribute to the Charleston Gazette from the Associated Press Managing Editors Association in 1979. The other two were presented to Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton, and include the West Virginia State College Second Century Award and the Charleston Distance Run Eugene M. Fuller Extra Mile Award, to acknowledge her excellence in leadership, service, and dedication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series consists of two folders of photos, 19 .jpg images, and a folder of printed copies of the digital photos, which document Charleston Gazette and Charleston Daily Mail staff and activities. Also includes a 3 and 3/4 speed tape reel recording of political programs from the early 1960s and a CD-R of West Virginia Public Radio program content featuring Jim Haught discussing the Charleston Gazette, Ned Chilton, Don Marsh, and other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes correspondence, court documentation, financial records, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box consists of materials related to Gazette business, including but not limited to correspondence, court proceedings, artwork, financial records, and other miscellaneous documents related to the Charleston Gazette and the Chiltons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box includes court case documentation, correspondence, and other Gazette related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box consists of Gazette business materials, including but not limited to travel documentation, sponsorship documents and correspondence, visiting scholars and journalists, government correspondence regarding the Freedom of Information Act and potential government files about the Gazette, committee and insurance information, and other miscellaneous business correspondence and documentation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include correspondence including letters and printed copies of emails, court reports, photographs, financial documents, and other miscellaneous materials. It includes materials the Chiltons retained from their trip around the world in 1977, information about the Charleston Gazette business, and documentation of Chilton family members' activities and achievements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addendum consists of a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scrapbooks, correspondence, business papers, and memorabilia of a prominent Charleston family that were long time owners of the Charleston Gazette.  There are papers of W. E. Chilton, Sr., and for his son and grandson, W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III.  The papers of Chilton senior include some correspondence, but mostly land papers documenting the coal mining district in Webster and Braxton Counties. There are also scrapbooks, and contracts pertaining to the family newspaper business; and volumes on the education of W. E. Chilton, Jr. at Woodberry, VA Forest School, and at Yale. The military service of the Chiltons is documented by the service papers, photographs, and other material for W. E. Chilton, Jr. and W. E. Chilton, III in World War (WWI) I and World War II (WWII) respectively.","The initial acquisition of 1992 includes eight boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton senior (1858-1939), including series for:  general correspondence; rare signatures; subjects; land titles and abstracts; legal records; newspapers and pictures; scrapbooks; and artifacts.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.","Rare signatures in the initial acquisition of W. E. Chilton, Sr., include:  Louis \"Satchmo\" Armstrong, Newton D. Baker, Alben W. Barkley, \"Count\" Basie, Lester Young, Louis D. Brandeis, Richard E. Byrd, Cab Calloway, Dale Carnegie, Tom Clark, Grover Cleveland, Charles Curtis, Josephus Daniels, John W. Davis, \"Dizzy\" Dean, Jack Dempsey, Thomas E. Dewey, J. DiMaggio, James A. Farley, Bob Feller, Ella Fitzgerald, John N. Garner, Lou Gehrig, Carter Glass, Hank Greenberg, W. C. Handy, Averell Harriman, Herbert Hoover, J. Edgar Hoover, Harold L. Ickes, Helen Keller, Guy Lombardo, Joe Louis, William G. McAdoo, Glenn Miller, Dwight Morrow, C. W. Nimitz, G. W. Norris, Westbrook Pegler, Gifford Pinchot, Drew Pearson, Sam Rayburn, Eddie V. Rickenbacker, Paul Robeson, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, \"Babe\" Ruth, J. D. Salinger, Margaret Sanger, Sam Snead, Felix B. Stump, Fred M. Vinson, \"Fats\" Waller, W. A. White, Jess Willard, Ted Williams, Wendell Willkie, Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, and Cy Young.","The addendum of 2001 includes five boxes documenting primarily William Edwin Chilton, III (1921-1987), including series for:  biographical information; incoming letters; photographs; ephemera; clippings; subjects; legal records; writings, speeches, and publications; and oversize.  For details see inventory in control folder at the library.","The addendum of 2004 includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled \"Mr. Dooley In Peace and in War\" by Finley Peter Dunne, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company.  The author's name does not appear in this book.  Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.","The addendum of 2018 April 4 includes 3 boxes consisting of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office.","The addendum of 2018 July 24 includes 10 boxes consisting of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items.","The addendum of 2018 November 29 includes 1 folder featuring a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton.","This series includes mostly incoming letters and cards to William Edwin Chilton, Sr. [1858-1939], William Edwin Chilton, Jr. [1893-1950], William Edwin [Ned] Chilton, III [1921-1987], J. Eustace Chilton, and a number of employees of the Charleston Gazette; topics of discussion include personal matters and business affairs of the family, business of the Charleston Gazette, business of the U.S. Senate, Prohibition, the Depression, the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Democratic Party issues and strategies, among other subjects; there are original cartoons by popular comic strip artists drawn for William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, [with black ink on heavy card stock.]  As W.E. Chilton, III, was an avid collector of autographs, some files also contain letters soliciting signatures, as well as signed cards and replies.","This series includes signatures of prominent celebrities and historical figures collected by the Chiltons.  (Access to rare signatures requires the permission of a WVC curator.)","This series includes the WWI US Navy Air Corps service papers of Chilton, Jr., and the WWII US Army Air Corp diary of Chilton, III.","This series includes land papers for coal and timber lands in Braxton and Webster counties.","This series includes the wills and other documents of Chilton, Sr. and Chilton, Jr.","This series includes copies of the Yale Daily News for 1914-1915.","This series includes one scrapbook for Chilton, Sr. (1911-56) and five scrapbooks for Chilton, Jr. (1911-1953), among others.","This series includes two Yale fraternity paddles, a WV House of Delegates License Plate, a ceremonial key to the City of Logan, and a glass encapsulated nail of WVU Martin Hall.","This series documents the life of William E. \"Ned\" Chilton, III, member of a prominent Charleston family which has managed the Charleston Gazette since the late nineteenth century.  The majority of this collection consists of letters received by Chilton that discuss family matters, the business of the Charleston Gazette, social and political issues, and current events of the time.","All boxes listed with \"ADD\" at the beginning of the box number are part of this addendum.","This series includes mostly incoming letters to William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III, from 1920-1985.    These letters describe business and personal matters of the Chilton family and the Charleston Gazette. Since Chilton corresponded with numerous journalists, syndicated columnists, and elected officials, these incoming letters document his social and political activities and discuss historic and political events. Some early letters belong to his father, W.E. Chilton, Jr. and his grandfather, W. E. Chilton, Sr..","This series includes incoming letters from 1961-1985 covering a range of personal and political topics. Topics include family, travel plans, possible guests for Firing Line, William F. Buckley Pulitzer nomination, Mexico, gun control, Rockefeller campaign spending, the Freedom of Information Act, Rhodesia, libel, 1980 presidential election, cost of legal services, public presentation of legal ethics committees, punishment of nonviolent crimes, drugs, drug policy, L.T. Anderson, and Vietnam. Other letters from Buckley also can also be found within the chronologically sorted letters.","This series contains incoming letters from 1960-1987 that discuss personal and political matters. Topics include banking and equality under the law, FBI, J. Edgar Hoover, civil liberties of Congress, Edvard Munch, National Taxpayer's Union, neo-liberalism, editing problems in Charleston Gazette, Hoover Commission Study, West Virginia economics and politics, Russell Baker, Bob Eckhardt, salaries of legislators, oil crisis, AT\u0026T, Congressional Power, Richard Nixon, Ted Kennedy, Robert C. Byrd, punishment for white collar crime, Ralph Nader, flag burning, UMW pension fund, Associated Press vs. United Press International, prisons, treatment of prisoners, drunk driving, neo-liberalism and homosexuality, nomination of Chilton for Hugh Hefner 1st Amendment Award, Larry Flynt, legalization of drugs, and national security policy.  More letters from Robert and Mary Sherrill can be found within the chronologically sorted letters.","This series contains photos of W.E. \"Ned\" Chilton, pictures of other Chilton family members, and miscellaneous unidentified photos.  This series also contains autographed photos collected by Chilton.","This series includes a variety of artifacts collected by Ned Chilton.","This series includes newspaper and magazine clippings which document Chilton's family, career, and miscellaneous topics.  Other clippings include a series of Charleston Gazette editorials from 1949 and newspaper clippings relating to W.E. Chilton, Sr.'s election to Senate in 1911.","This series includes documents relating to Chilton's Journalism Professorship at WVU, the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association, the WVU Parkersburg Center, Yale University, the \n1982 Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award, as well as certificates, financial papers and receipts, invitations, programs, and tributes.","This series includes documents from a case argued by W.E. Chilton, Sr. and court decisions relating to the wills of W.E. Chilton, Jr. and John D. Schoonmaker.","This series includes miscellaneous writings on political and historical topics by William Edwin \"Ned\" Chilton, III.","This series includes oversize photos, drawings, cartoons, blueprints and certificates.","This addendum includes one folder containing a book owned by Ned Chilton titled Mr. Dooley: In Peace and in War by Finley Peter Dunne. It is a third or fourth edition copy, published in 1899 by Small, Maynard and Company. The author's name does not appear in this book. Dunne was a newspaper columnist, and this book features 49 of his writings.","This addendum consists of material related to the Charleston Gazette and W.E. (Ned) Chilton III including publications, artwork, and historic certificates that were presumably collected for display in his home or office.","This sub-series contains a selection of publications collected by Ned and Betty Chilton. Many of these books were gifted to them and contain notes or signatures from the individual who bestowed the gift. Others contain embossed imprints to indicate that Ned Chilton was the owner of the book. Topics include but are not limited to politics, comics, industry, fiction, and West Virginia history. Includes multiple books by William F. Buckley, Jr.","This sub-series contains four displomas/certificates given to W.E. Chilton, Jr. and Sr. to acknowledge Chilton Sr.'s induction into the legislature, Chilton Jr.'s school graduation, and their contributions to political funds.","This sub-series contains eight framed and unframed drawings or prints. Contents include two framed caricatures drawn by Taylor Jones (1976 and 1977), two framed prints from the Rex Morgan, MD (May 24, 1965) and Beetle Bailey (1975) comic strips, two unframed prints from the Blondie (November 28, 1993) and Dick Tracy (April 8, 1935) comic strips, an unlabeled print by comic artist Kendall Vintroux (March 19, 1966), and a framed copy of the Harper's Weekly political cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast, depicting the first representation of the Democratic party as a donkey and originally published on January 15, 1870.","This addendum consists of material related to the Chilton family and their activities and involvement with the Charleston Gazette, its employees, notable figures, business contacts, and other related entities. Formats include scrapbooks, clippings and facsimiles of articles, publications, print and digital photographs, correspondence, records of court proceedings, art prints, receipts, financial documents, certificates and other forms of achievement recognition, and additional miscellaneous related items.","This sub-series consists of scrapbooks featuring clippings from the Charleston Gazette, arranged by the Chilton family into binders organized by publication date.","This box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks and several loose scrapbook pages. These scrapbooks consist of materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled Old Days (contains materials from as early as 1900), Late 1950s, From 1980, Toward 2000, and 2001: A Gazette Odyssey. The unbound pages contain content ranging from the 1940s to 2017, and they appear to have been created around 2017.","This box contains five ring-bound scrapbooks consisting of photographs, clippings, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette. The binders are labeled From the '60s (materials from ca. 1960-1979), Into 2003 (materials from 2002-2004), 2005, 2009, and 2014. These scrapbooks appear to have been created ca. 2017.","This sub-series consists of miscellaneous articles, clippings, and facsimiles of articles from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Topics include Ned Chilton and other notable figures, politics, business, and industry in West Virginia, and additional miscellaneous topics.","This box consists of miscellaneous clippings from the Charleston Gazette and other publications. Also included is a printed, bound collection of facsimiles of articles originally published in the Charleston Gazette covering the subject of consumer fraud.","This partial box contains a broad selection of clippings, most originally printed in the Charleston Gazette, but also includes articles from other publications. Topics include Gazette Q and A interviews, politics, finance, articles written to memorialize Ned Chilton, and features highlighting Chilton family activities and achievements.","This partial box contains a collection of clippings from the Gazette and other publications, material related to awards and scholars sponsored by the Gazette, and additional miscellaneous related items.","This partial box contains a variety of clippings, from the Charleston Gazette and other publications, including articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III.","This partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include clippings, facsimiles of articles and family history book pages, publications, and other miscellaneous materials. Topics include published articles based on the Chiltons' trip around the world in 1977, Gazette investigative reports, articles written by or about W.E. (Ned) Chilton III, the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family members featured in other publications, and Ned Chilton memorial articles.","This sub-series contains two framed prints and three commemorative plaques. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a poster, a signed photo mat, several oversize publications, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.","This box contains two framed prints, one from the Steve Roper comic and one from the Judge Parker comic, both from 1965. Also included are two undated, unlabeled photos that appear to be of W. E. Chilton, Jr., a Charleston Gazette poster, a photo mat signed by Lieutenant Colonel Alan Sierichs (retired), several oversize publications including The John Birch Coloring Book published in 1962, and clippings from the Charleston Gazette, the Sunday Gazette-Mail, and other news publications.","This partial box contains three commemorative metal plaques. One award was given in tribute to the Charleston Gazette from the Associated Press Managing Editors Association in 1979. The other two were presented to Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton, and include the West Virginia State College Second Century Award and the Charleston Distance Run Eugene M. Fuller Extra Mile Award, to acknowledge her excellence in leadership, service, and dedication.","This sub-series consists of two folders of photos, 19 .jpg images, and a folder of printed copies of the digital photos, which document Charleston Gazette and Charleston Daily Mail staff and activities. Also includes a 3 and 3/4 speed tape reel recording of political programs from the early 1960s and a CD-R of West Virginia Public Radio program content featuring Jim Haught discussing the Charleston Gazette, Ned Chilton, Don Marsh, and other topics.","This sub-series includes correspondence, court documentation, financial records, and other materials related to the Charleston Gazette and Chilton family business.","This partial box consists of materials related to Gazette business, including but not limited to correspondence, court proceedings, artwork, financial records, and other miscellaneous documents related to the Charleston Gazette and the Chiltons.","This partial box includes court case documentation, correspondence, and other Gazette related materials.","This partial box consists of Gazette business materials, including but not limited to travel documentation, sponsorship documents and correspondence, visiting scholars and journalists, government correspondence regarding the Freedom of Information Act and potential government files about the Gazette, committee and insurance information, and other miscellaneous business correspondence and documentation.","This partial box contains Charleston Gazette and Chilton family keepsakes/mementos and related materials. Formats include correspondence including letters and printed copies of emails, court reports, photographs, financial documents, and other miscellaneous materials. It includes materials the Chiltons retained from their trip around the world in 1977, information about the Charleston Gazette business, and documentation of Chilton family members' activities and achievements.","This addendum consists of a selection of ephemera related to the personal achievements of W.E. (Ned) Chilton III and Elizabeth (Betty) Chilton."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4833b10941e14ac77c2df571c3b6fe38\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"famname_ssim":["Pearson, Drew."],"names_coll_ssim":["Pearson, Drew.","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, Betty"],"persname_ssim":["Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearson, Drew.","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Chilton, Betty","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1893-1950","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1921-1987","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Salinger, J. D. (Jerome David), 1919-2010"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:53:14.141Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1202_c01_c20"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"extent_tesim":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026amp;M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_382de950f6f3abc751af81188efcdba1\"\u003eThe collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_382de950f6f3abc751af81188efcdba1\"\u003eThe collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. 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Center for Women's Studies (CWS), 1838/2015, bulk 1984/2012","Sub-Series 3. Service and Activity Records, 1838/2015, bulk 1984/2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018","Series 3. Center for Women's Studies (CWS), 1838/2015, bulk 1984/2012","Sub-Series 3. Service and Activity Records, 1838/2015, bulk 1984/2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-1997 and undated"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":735,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018"],"containers_ssim":["Box 10","Folder 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Student classwork assignments are closed for years 75 years after the latest date of creation. Those materials in box 37 may begin to be accessed in 2036."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2/components#284","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:55:51.089Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3862","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3862","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3862","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3862","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3862.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197659","title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-2018 and undated","1967-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-2018 and undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018"],"text":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018","A\u0026M 5131","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3862","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women's studies","Women and Creativity Conference","JoAnne and Charles Dickinson Symposium","West Virginia University - student activities.","Women --  Education","Women in higher education","Student classwork assignments are closed for years 75 years after the latest date of creation. Those materials in box 37 may begin to be accessed in 2036.","The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeturius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.","3376, 5037, 5052, 5048, 5234","This collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS).","The majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary, although there are also materials relating to the WSP, CWC, and CWGS. The collection is divided into six series with some containing additional sub-series.","Series 1-4 are divided according to the existing parent organization and further divided into administrative records and organizational records. Administrative records refer to records related to the operations and management of the parent organization. Service and activity records refer to records created by the parent organization in the course of its activities and related to the institutional goal. The five addenda to the collection are identified as such on the folder's label and can be found throughout the collection.","Series 1. Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36)","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1977-1999 and undated (Box 1)","- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36)","Series 2. Women's Studies Program (WSP), 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31 )","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1978-1984 and undated (Box 2)","- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31)","Series 3. Center for Women's Studies (CWS), 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-11, and 16-36)","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1984-2009 and undated (Boxes 4-5, 10, and 17)","- Sub-Series 2. Audiovisual Materials, 1978-2008 and undated (Boxes 8-9, and 27-28)","- Sub-Series 3. Service and Activity Records, 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-7, 10-11, 16-26, and 29-36)","Series 4. Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36)","- Sub-Series 1. Organization Records, 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36)","Series 5. Women's Studies Course Records, 1974-2004 and undated (Boxes 12 and 13)","Series 6. Women's Studies Publications, 1970-2007 and undated (Boxes 15 and 27)","This series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) between its inception in 1975 to 2007.","This sub-series contains administrative records created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the process of its operations and management between 1977 and 1999.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1975 and 2007.","This series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) from its inception in 1978 to it's renaming to the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in 1984. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 1984, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the process of its operation and management between 1978 and 1984.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1968 and 1993.","This series contains materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) from its creation out of the WVU Women's Studies Program (WSP) to its name change to the Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in 2012. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in the process of its operations and management between 1984 and 2009.","This sub-series contains audiovisual materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WCU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during its existence between 1984 and 2012. It contains VHS tapes, cassette tapes, DVDs, videocassettes, zip disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, reel to reel tapes, CDs, minicartridges, and a diskette.","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Reel-to-Reel Tape","VHS Tape","Cassette Tape","Floppy Disk","CD","DVD","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","Videocassette","zip Disk","Xerox Machine Resident Diskette","zip Disk","zip Disk","zip Disk","zip Disk","zip Disk","Floppy Disk","zip Disk","zip Disk","zip Disk","Magnetic Tape","Magnetic Tape","Magnetic Tape","Reel to Reel Tape","Reel to Reel Tape","Reel to Reel Tape","Reel to Reel Tape","Reel to Reel Tape","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","CD","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Floppy Disk","Minicartridge","Minicartridge","Minicartridge","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1984 and 2012.","This series contains materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) from its creation out of the WVU Center for Women's Studies in 2012 until 2018. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 2011 and 2018.","This series contains records of courses sponsored, hosted, or otherwise supported by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), Women's Studies Program (WSP), and  Center for Women's Studies (CWS) between 1974 and 2004. It largely consists of syllabi and course reading material.","This series contains publications collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) and Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for reference purposes between 1970 and 2007.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","This collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), mostly dated between 1974 and 2018.  \n\nThe majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, 1838/2018, bulk 1967/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 5131","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3862"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 5131","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3862"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transfer from West Virginia University Women's Studies Center, Howe, Barbara, 2007 November 13","Transfer from West Virginia University Center for Women's and Gender Studies, Carpenter, Cari, 2018 May 31","Transfer from West Virginia University Center for Women's and Gender Studies, Carpenter, Cari, 2018 September 11","Transfer from West Virginia University Center for Women's and Gender Studies, Carpenter, Cari, 2018 December 03","Transger from West Virignia University Center for Women's and Gender Studies, 2021 September 28","Transfer from West Virginia University Center for Women's and Gender Studies, unknown date"],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women's studies","Women and Creativity Conference","JoAnne and Charles Dickinson Symposium","West Virginia University - student activities.","Women --  Education","Women in higher education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection","West Virginia University  --  Women's Centenary (1891-1991)","Women's studies","Women and Creativity Conference","JoAnne and Charles Dickinson Symposium","West Virginia University - student activities.","Women --  Education","Women in higher education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.46 Linear Feet 23 ft. 5.5 in. (14 record cartons, 15 in. each); (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 4 in.); (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 3.5 in); (10 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2.5 in.); (3 flat storage box, 1.5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["23.46 Linear Feet 23 ft. 5.5 in. (14 record cartons, 15 in. each); (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 document case, 4 in.); (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (3 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 3.5 in); (10 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2.5 in.); (3 flat storage box, 1.5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStudent classwork assignments are closed for years 75 years after the latest date of creation. Those materials in box 37 may begin to be accessed in 2036.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Student classwork assignments are closed for years 75 years after the latest date of creation. Those materials in box 37 may begin to be accessed in 2036."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeturius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) is an academic unit within West Virginia University's Eberly College of Arts and Sciences that offers a central location for discourse relative to the field of women's and gender studies. CWGS finds its origins in an informal Caucus for Women's Concerns formed in 1972 within West Viginia University (WVU) to \"achieve equitable treatment of women.\" In 1977, the Caucus submitted recommendations to then-WVU President Gene Budig regarding the establishment of a women's studies program and an advisory council on women's concerns. In response to these recommendations, the Caucus was officially accepted by the university as the Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), which included a Women's Studies Subcommittee formed to research and help facilitate a formal women's studies program.","The first proposal for a women's studies program was submitted to the CWC by Renata Pore in 1978, upon which a search committee headed by Dr. Enid Portnoy of the English Department was established. In 1980, the Women's Studies Program (WSP) was officially established as an interdisciplinary program in the College of Arts and Sciences. Judith Stitzel, a founding member of the CWC, was selected to serve as the first part-time coordinator of the WSP.","Under Stitzel's direction, the WSP developed an undergraduate Certificate Program in Women's Studies to be first offered in 1984. Simultaneously, the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) was established in the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research to provide a collective space for students to gather. Judith Stitzel was made the founding director of the center, a position she would hold until 1992, making her the longest consecutive director of the center. The CWS would become affiliated with the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences in 1993.","The first undergraduate Certificates in Women's Studies at WVU were awarded to six students in 1986, the same year the first Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MALS) graduated in Women's Studies. The Carrie Koeturius Scholarship, which is still offered as of 2024, was first awarded to Deborah Gregory Eck and Lilo Ast in 1987.","One of the early major projects of the CWC, the Women's Centenary, \"Excellence Through Equity\" began planning in 1987 with Dr. Lillian Waugh being chosen as the research coordinator. After several years of planning and research, the Women's Centenary commenced in September 1989 on the 100-year anniversary of the first group of women to be admitted to WVU as degree candidates. Events were held over a two-year period, including lecture series, galas, building rededications, historical tours, exhibits, time capsule creations, and county-wide engagements. The Women's Centenary culminated with a convocation in 1991 on the 100-year anniversary of the first woman to graduate from WVU, Harriet Lyon.","In 1992, Judith Stitzel stepped down as director of the CWC, and the position was taken up by Helen Bannan from 1994 to 1998. Under Barbara Howe's directorship from 1998 to 2007, a BA and undergraduate minor in women's studies was established to coexist with the Certificate in Women's Studies. The first WVU women's studies major, Jamie Lynn Baxter, graduated in December 2003.","Janice Spleth served as interim director between 2008 and 2009, before Ann Oberhauser took directorship in 2009. Under her leadership in 2012, the CWC was renamed the Center for Women's and Gender Studies to incorporate a larger scale of classes and topics. After Oberhauser stepped down in 2013, Jennifer Orlikoff took directorship until 2016. Between 2016 and 2019, Cari Carpenter and Kasi Jackson served as interim directors, during which the LGBTQ+ Center was opened. In 2019, Sharon Bird became director, a position she still holds as of October 2024. In 2021, the Center for Women's and Gender Studies moved into its home in the Hodges Hall, Suite 505."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, A\u0026amp;M 5131, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, Women's Studies Center, Records, A\u0026M 5131, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e3376, 5037, 5052, 5048, 5234\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["3376, 5037, 5052, 5048, 5234"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary, although there are also materials relating to the WSP, CWC, and CWGS. The collection is divided into six series with some containing additional sub-series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1-4 are divided according to the existing parent organization and further divided into administrative records and organizational records. Administrative records refer to records related to the operations and management of the parent organization. Service and activity records refer to records created by the parent organization in the course of its activities and related to the institutional goal. The five addenda to the collection are identified as such on the folder's label and can be found throughout the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1977-1999 and undated (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Women's Studies Program (WSP), 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31 ) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1978-1984 and undated (Box 2) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Center for Women's Studies (CWS), 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-11, and 16-36) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1984-2009 and undated (Boxes 4-5, 10, and 17) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 2. Audiovisual Materials, 1978-2008 and undated (Boxes 8-9, and 27-28) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 3. Service and Activity Records, 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-7, 10-11, 16-26, and 29-36) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- Sub-Series 1. Organization Records, 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Women's Studies Course Records, 1974-2004 and undated (Boxes 12 and 13) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Women's Studies Publications, 1970-2007 and undated (Boxes 15 and 27)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) between its inception in 1975 to 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative records created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the process of its operations and management between 1977 and 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1975 and 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) from its inception in 1978 to it's renaming to the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in 1984. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 1984, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the process of its operation and management between 1978 and 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1968 and 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) from its creation out of the WVU Women's Studies Program (WSP) to its name change to the Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in 2012. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in the process of its operations and management between 1984 and 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains audiovisual materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WCU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during its existence between 1984 and 2012. 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materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) from its creation out of the WVU Center for Women's Studies in 2012 until 2018. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 2011 and 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records of courses sponsored, hosted, or otherwise supported by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), Women's Studies Program (WSP), and  Center for Women's Studies (CWS) between 1974 and 2004. It largely consists of syllabi and course reading material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains publications collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) and Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for reference purposes between 1970 and 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS).","The majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary, although there are also materials relating to the WSP, CWC, and CWGS. The collection is divided into six series with some containing additional sub-series.","Series 1-4 are divided according to the existing parent organization and further divided into administrative records and organizational records. Administrative records refer to records related to the operations and management of the parent organization. Service and activity records refer to records created by the parent organization in the course of its activities and related to the institutional goal. The five addenda to the collection are identified as such on the folder's label and can be found throughout the collection.","Series 1. Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36)","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1977-1999 and undated (Box 1)","- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1975-2007 and undated (Boxes 1, 6, 16-17, 26, 30, and 36)","Series 2. Women's Studies Program (WSP), 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31 )","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1978-1984 and undated (Box 2)","- Sub-Series 2. Service and Activity Records, 1968-1993 and undated (Boxes 2, 16-17, and 31)","Series 3. Center for Women's Studies (CWS), 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-11, and 16-36)","- Sub-Series 1. Administrative Records, 1984-2009 and undated (Boxes 4-5, 10, and 17)","- Sub-Series 2. Audiovisual Materials, 1978-2008 and undated (Boxes 8-9, and 27-28)","- Sub-Series 3. Service and Activity Records, 1838-2015 and undated (Boxes 2-7, 10-11, 16-26, and 29-36)","Series 4. Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36)","- Sub-Series 1. Organization Records, 2011-2018 and undated (Boxes 11-12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 32, and 36)","Series 5. Women's Studies Course Records, 1974-2004 and undated (Boxes 12 and 13)","Series 6. Women's Studies Publications, 1970-2007 and undated (Boxes 15 and 27)","This series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) between its inception in 1975 to 2007.","This sub-series contains administrative records created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the process of its operations and management between 1977 and 1999.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1975 and 2007.","This series contains materials created or collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) from its inception in 1978 to it's renaming to the Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in 1984. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 1984, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the process of its operation and management between 1978 and 1984.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1968 and 1993.","This series contains materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) from its creation out of the WVU Women's Studies Program (WSP) to its name change to the Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in 2012. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains administrative records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in the process of its operations and management between 1984 and 2009.","This sub-series contains audiovisual materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WCU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) during its existence between 1984 and 2012. It contains VHS tapes, cassette tapes, DVDs, videocassettes, zip disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, reel to reel tapes, CDs, minicartridges, and a diskette.","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","VHS Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette Tape","Cassette 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contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's Studies (CWS) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 1984 and 2012.","This series contains materials collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) from its creation out of the WVU Center for Women's Studies in 2012 until 2018. Due to the time taken to implement the name change in 2012, materials in this series contain dates that crossover with other series.","This sub-series contains service and activity records collected or created by the West Virginia University (WVU) Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS) in the course of its activities and that are related to its institutional goal between 2011 and 2018.","This series contains records of courses sponsored, hosted, or otherwise supported by the West Virginia University (WVU) Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), Women's Studies Program (WSP), and  Center for Women's Studies (CWS) between 1974 and 2004. It largely consists of syllabi and course reading material.","This series contains publications collected by the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP) and Center for Women's Studies (CWS) for reference purposes between 1970 and 2007."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_52510b59638f7bb125a0c31fa90cb71c\"\u003eThis collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), mostly dated between 1974 and 2018.  \n\nThe majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials from the West Virginia University (WVU) Women's Studies Program (WSP), Center for Women's Studies (CWS), Council for Women's Concerns (CWC), and Center for Women's and Gender Studies (CWGS), mostly dated between 1974 and 2018.  \n\nThe majority of materials relate to the growth and development of the CWS, particularly through events they hosted or supported, such as the Dickinson Symposium and the Women's Centenary."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_71f28dbcdcd21ff558901ccea01f0e8d\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Center for Women's Studies","West Virginia University. Center for Women's and Gender Studies","West Virginia University. Council for Women's Concerns"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1098,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:55:51.089Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3862_c03_c03_c285"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Window Glass Cutters League of America","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:56:36.205Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:56:36.205Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":252},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":4083},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":598},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":83},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1015},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":120},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":629},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927\u0026facet.sort=index"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"American Speech\" Recordings, 1927/1928","value":"\"American Speech\" Recordings, 1927/1928","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22American+Speech%22+Recordings%2C+1927%2F1928\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1927"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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