{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=11"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":11,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":110,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series 1: Research, 1763/2007","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Rutyna's research, newspapers, correspondence, and information related to local, state, and federal politics, slave crime, religious freedom, and Freemasonry.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","parent_ssim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_3_resources_369"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series 1: Research","title_ssm":["Series 1: Research"],"title_tesim":["Series 1: Research"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series 1: Research, 1763/2007"],"text":["Series 1: Research, 1763/2007","Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011","This series includes Rutyna's research, newspapers, correspondence, and information related to local, state, and federal politics, slave crime, religious freedom, and Freemasonry."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1763/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1763-2007, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Rutyna's research, newspapers, correspondence, and information related to local, state, and federal politics, slave crime, religious freedom, and Freemasonry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series includes Rutyna's research, newspapers, correspondence, and information related to local, state, and federal politics, slave crime, religious freedom, and Freemasonry."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:17.098Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_369","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_3_resources_369.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rutyna, Richard A.","title_ssm":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1763-2011, undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1763-2011, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1763/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"text":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011","RG 17-5B8","/repositories/3/resources/369","Slavery--Virginia","Virginia--Politics and government","Freemasonry","Church and state--Virginia","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Dr. Richard A. \"Dick\" Rutyna was born on April 10, 1937 in San Diego, California. From 1954 to 1962, he served in the United States Marine Corps, during which time he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in history from the College of William \u0026 Mary. After graduating, he taught at Granby High School from 1961 to 1963 before coming to Old Dominion University (ODU). By 1966, Rutyna was an assistant professor at ODU, and was promoted to associate professor in 1978. Rutyna played an active role in the ODU history department by securing grants from university and the Virginia Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy to establish courses and programs while also being responsible for designing 300-level history courses. Rutyna taught colonial and revolutionary history, served as director of several theses, and invited guest speakers to campus to give lectures, and held roles on many departmental and university councils and committees.","During his career, Rutyna co-edited \"Virginia in the American Revolution: A Collection of Essays\" (1977) and \"Old Dominion University: Heritage and Horizons\" (1987). He also authored multiple articles published by Metro Magazine, the Thomas Jefferson Institute for the Study of Religious Freedom, and the Essex Institute. He also delivered several speeches during the bicentennial of the Statute for Religious Freedom.","Rutyna's interest in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and Freemasonry in Virginia, led him to write and deliver lectures on the topics. His research also included crimes against the enslaved in Colonial Virginia, as well as the separation of church and state, among other topics. He held several local political roles, including serving as second congressional district chairman of the democratic party from 1968 to 1975. From 1994 to 1995, Rutyna began working for Blake and Blake Genealogists, a probate research company that works to find heirs and beneficiaries to estates. He passed away on March 17, 2018.","Reference: Richard Rutyna Obituary","A preliminary inventory of the collection was completed by Jack Dibari, Special Collections and University Archives Student Assistant, in Fall 2023. Further arrangement and description was completed by Heidi Simmons, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2025. The collection was rehoused and the inventory was updated by Aleecia Utley, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2026.","The collection consists of correspondence, newspapers, miscellaneous items, research notes, and other materials collected by Richard A. Rutyna, professor emeritus in history at Old Dominion University. Some of the topics found in the collection include local, state, and federal politics, Freemasonry, the founding and operation of the Airlie Group, as well as research on enslavement in Colonial Virginia, early Virginia and US legal history, and church-state separation.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","ODU University Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Richard A. Rutyna Papers, 1763/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 17-5B8","/repositories/3/resources/369"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 17-5B8","/repositories/3/resources/369"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives"],"creators_ssim":["ODU University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift","Estate of Richard A. Rutyna"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--Virginia","Virginia--Politics and government","Freemasonry","Church and state--Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--Virginia","Virginia--Politics and government","Freemasonry","Church and state--Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Richard A. \"Dick\" Rutyna was born on April 10, 1937 in San Diego, California. From 1954 to 1962, he served in the United States Marine Corps, during which time he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in history from the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. After graduating, he taught at Granby High School from 1961 to 1963 before coming to Old Dominion University (ODU). By 1966, Rutyna was an assistant professor at ODU, and was promoted to associate professor in 1978. Rutyna played an active role in the ODU history department by securing grants from university and the Virginia Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy to establish courses and programs while also being responsible for designing 300-level history courses. Rutyna taught colonial and revolutionary history, served as director of several theses, and invited guest speakers to campus to give lectures, and held roles on many departmental and university councils and committees. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his career, Rutyna co-edited \"Virginia in the American Revolution: A Collection of Essays\" (1977) and \"Old Dominion University: Heritage and Horizons\" (1987). He also authored multiple articles published by Metro Magazine, the Thomas Jefferson Institute for the Study of Religious Freedom, and the Essex Institute. He also delivered several speeches during the bicentennial of the Statute for Religious Freedom.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRutyna's interest in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and Freemasonry in Virginia, led him to write and deliver lectures on the topics. His research also included crimes against the enslaved in Colonial Virginia, as well as the separation of church and state, among other topics. He held several local political roles, including serving as second congressional district chairman of the democratic party from 1968 to 1975. From 1994 to 1995, Rutyna began working for Blake and Blake Genealogists, a probate research company that works to find heirs and beneficiaries to estates. He passed away on March 17, 2018.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nReference: \u003ca href=\"https://www.odu.edu/article/associate-professor-emeritus-of-history-richard-dick-rutyna-dies\"\u003eRichard Rutyna Obituary\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Richard A. \"Dick\" Rutyna was born on April 10, 1937 in San Diego, California. From 1954 to 1962, he served in the United States Marine Corps, during which time he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in history from the College of William \u0026 Mary. After graduating, he taught at Granby High School from 1961 to 1963 before coming to Old Dominion University (ODU). By 1966, Rutyna was an assistant professor at ODU, and was promoted to associate professor in 1978. Rutyna played an active role in the ODU history department by securing grants from university and the Virginia Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy to establish courses and programs while also being responsible for designing 300-level history courses. Rutyna taught colonial and revolutionary history, served as director of several theses, and invited guest speakers to campus to give lectures, and held roles on many departmental and university councils and committees.","During his career, Rutyna co-edited \"Virginia in the American Revolution: A Collection of Essays\" (1977) and \"Old Dominion University: Heritage and Horizons\" (1987). He also authored multiple articles published by Metro Magazine, the Thomas Jefferson Institute for the Study of Religious Freedom, and the Essex Institute. He also delivered several speeches during the bicentennial of the Statute for Religious Freedom.","Rutyna's interest in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and Freemasonry in Virginia, led him to write and deliver lectures on the topics. His research also included crimes against the enslaved in Colonial Virginia, as well as the separation of church and state, among other topics. He held several local political roles, including serving as second congressional district chairman of the democratic party from 1968 to 1975. From 1994 to 1995, Rutyna began working for Blake and Blake Genealogists, a probate research company that works to find heirs and beneficiaries to estates. He passed away on March 17, 2018.","Reference: Richard Rutyna Obituary"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Richard A. Rutyna Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Richard A. Rutyna Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA preliminary inventory of the collection was completed by Jack Dibari, Special Collections and University Archives Student Assistant, in Fall 2023. Further arrangement and description was completed by Heidi Simmons, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2025. The collection was rehoused and the inventory was updated by Aleecia Utley, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A preliminary inventory of the collection was completed by Jack Dibari, Special Collections and University Archives Student Assistant, in Fall 2023. Further arrangement and description was completed by Heidi Simmons, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2025. The collection was rehoused and the inventory was updated by Aleecia Utley, Special Collections and University Archives Intern, in Summer 2026."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, newspapers, miscellaneous items, research notes, and other materials collected by Richard A. Rutyna, professor emeritus in history at Old Dominion University. Some of the topics found in the collection include local, state, and federal politics, Freemasonry, the founding and operation of the Airlie Group, as well as research on enslavement in Colonial Virginia, early Virginia and US legal history, and church-state separation.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, newspapers, miscellaneous items, research notes, and other materials collected by Richard A. Rutyna, professor emeritus in history at Old Dominion University. Some of the topics found in the collection include local, state, and federal politics, Freemasonry, the founding and operation of the Airlie Group, as well as research on enslavement in Colonial Virginia, early Virginia and US legal history, and church-state separation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives"],"names_ssim":["ODU University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":171,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:17.098Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_369_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Agendas and Proceedings, 1920/2010","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains proceedings from the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors, minutes from Director Lewis Webb's Advisory Board, and minutes from Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University Board of Visitors. The series is organized by decade.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","parent_ssim":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_3_resources_227"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Agendas and Proceedings","title_ssm":["Series I: Agendas and Proceedings"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Agendas and Proceedings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Agendas and Proceedings, 1920/2010"],"text":["Series I: Agendas and Proceedings, 1920/2010","Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010","This series contains proceedings from the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors, minutes from Director Lewis Webb's Advisory Board, and minutes from Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University Board of Visitors. The series is organized by decade."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920-2010"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains proceedings from the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors, minutes from Director Lewis Webb's Advisory Board, and minutes from Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University Board of Visitors. The series is organized by decade.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains proceedings from the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors, minutes from Director Lewis Webb's Advisory Board, and minutes from Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University Board of Visitors. The series is organized by decade."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:17.098Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_227","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_3_resources_227.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/3/resources/227","title_filing_ssi":"Board of Visitors","title_ssm":["Board of Visitors Records"],"title_tesim":["Board of Visitors Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1920-2010","Date acquired: 09/23/1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1920-2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 09/23/1974"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1920/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"text":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010","RG 1-1A","/repositories/3/resources/227","Old Dominion University--Administrators","Old Dominion University--History","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division--History","Old Dominion College--History","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made from 1975 to 2010. Future accruals expected.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Agendas and Proceedings; Series II: Committees; and Series III: General Correspondence and Miscellaneous.","The Old Dominion Board of Visitors is the university's governing body, responsible for overseeing the university's operations, establishing policy and procedure as well as fiduciary control of the university's appropriations and expenditures.  In 1919, the College of William and Mary began offering extension courses in the Norfolk area to increase educational opportunities for adults who lived outside the commonwealth's large university centers.  The governing body responsible for the supervision and management of instruction conducted in Norfolk during this period was the William and Mary Board of Visitors and William and Mary President J.A.C. Chandler.  As demand for classes steadily increased in the Norfolk area throughout the 1920s, an extension campus was established in 1930 known as the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary.  The Norfolk Division was under administrative jurisdiction of the William and Mary Board of Visitors, but received assistance from a local advisory committee composed of Norfolk business and civic leaders who advised on matters related to infrastructure development and capital improvement.  In 1947, Norfolk Division director Lewis Webb expanded the role of the advisory committee by encouraging liaison with the local community to understand how the school could meet the educational needs of the region.  William and Mary's Board of Visitors relinquished administrative control of the school on July 2, 1962, when the Norfolk Division became independent of the parent school and the first meeting of the Board of Visitors of what was soon to be named Old Dominion College took place.  The current Board of Visitors at Old Dominion University is a 17 member panel, appointed to a four year term by the Governor, responsible for executing all duties related to the university as outlined in the Code of Virginia.  The board may delegate its authority to the University President for matters concerning day to day operations, but retains total authority and responsibility for executing its duties according to Virginia law.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","For more collections related to the Board of Visitors, please consult collections under record group 01.","Records related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors can be found on their website at [url=https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521]https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521[/url].","This collection contains records related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors in its supervision of the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary from 1920 until July 1962.  Additionally, the collection contains records related to the Board of Visitors of Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University from July 1962 to the present day. Included in the collection are agendas and minutes, committee reports, minutes from the Norfolk Division's Director's Advisory Board, and general correspondence either received or generated by the board.","More information about the Board of Visitors can be found on the Old Dominion Univeristy Website at [url=https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html]https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html[/url].","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The records of the Old Dominion University Board of Visitors contains office files of the board, including correspondence, resolutions, committee records, proceedings, and agendas.","ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Board of Visitors Records, 1920/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 1-1A","/repositories/3/resources/227"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 1-1A","/repositories/3/resources/227"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors"],"creator_ssim":["Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors"],"creators_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Office of the Executive Vice President and the Secretary of the Board","Transfer. Accession #A74-8. Additions have been transferred to Special Collections and University Archives from 1975 to 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Old Dominion University--Administrators","Old Dominion University--History","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division--History","Old Dominion College--History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Old Dominion University--Administrators","Old Dominion University--History","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division--History","Old Dominion College--History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["57 Linear Feet","115 Hollinger document cases, two record center cartons, and 8 oversize boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["57 Linear Feet","115 Hollinger document cases, two record center cartons, and 8 oversize boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made from 1975 to 2010. Future accruals expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made from 1975 to 2010. Future accruals expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Agendas and Proceedings; Series II: Committees; and Series III: General Correspondence and Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Agendas and Proceedings; Series II: Committees; and Series III: General Correspondence and Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Old Dominion Board of Visitors is the university's governing body, responsible for overseeing the university's operations, establishing policy and procedure as well as fiduciary control of the university's appropriations and expenditures.  In 1919, the College of William and Mary began offering extension courses in the Norfolk area to increase educational opportunities for adults who lived outside the commonwealth's large university centers.  The governing body responsible for the supervision and management of instruction conducted in Norfolk during this period was the William and Mary Board of Visitors and William and Mary President J.A.C. Chandler.  As demand for classes steadily increased in the Norfolk area throughout the 1920s, an extension campus was established in 1930 known as the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary.  The Norfolk Division was under administrative jurisdiction of the William and Mary Board of Visitors, but received assistance from a local advisory committee composed of Norfolk business and civic leaders who advised on matters related to infrastructure development and capital improvement.  In 1947, Norfolk Division director Lewis Webb expanded the role of the advisory committee by encouraging liaison with the local community to understand how the school could meet the educational needs of the region.  William and Mary's Board of Visitors relinquished administrative control of the school on July 2, 1962, when the Norfolk Division became independent of the parent school and the first meeting of the Board of Visitors of what was soon to be named Old Dominion College took place.  The current Board of Visitors at Old Dominion University is a 17 member panel, appointed to a four year term by the Governor, responsible for executing all duties related to the university as outlined in the Code of Virginia.  The board may delegate its authority to the University President for matters concerning day to day operations, but retains total authority and responsibility for executing its duties according to Virginia law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Old Dominion Board of Visitors is the university's governing body, responsible for overseeing the university's operations, establishing policy and procedure as well as fiduciary control of the university's appropriations and expenditures.  In 1919, the College of William and Mary began offering extension courses in the Norfolk area to increase educational opportunities for adults who lived outside the commonwealth's large university centers.  The governing body responsible for the supervision and management of instruction conducted in Norfolk during this period was the William and Mary Board of Visitors and William and Mary President J.A.C. Chandler.  As demand for classes steadily increased in the Norfolk area throughout the 1920s, an extension campus was established in 1930 known as the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary.  The Norfolk Division was under administrative jurisdiction of the William and Mary Board of Visitors, but received assistance from a local advisory committee composed of Norfolk business and civic leaders who advised on matters related to infrastructure development and capital improvement.  In 1947, Norfolk Division director Lewis Webb expanded the role of the advisory committee by encouraging liaison with the local community to understand how the school could meet the educational needs of the region.  William and Mary's Board of Visitors relinquished administrative control of the school on July 2, 1962, when the Norfolk Division became independent of the parent school and the first meeting of the Board of Visitors of what was soon to be named Old Dominion College took place.  The current Board of Visitors at Old Dominion University is a 17 member panel, appointed to a four year term by the Governor, responsible for executing all duties related to the university as outlined in the Code of Virginia.  The board may delegate its authority to the University President for matters concerning day to day operations, but retains total authority and responsibility for executing its duties according to Virginia law.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Board of Visitors Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Board of Visitors Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor more collections related to the Board of Visitors, please consult collections under record group 01.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors can be found on their website at [url=https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521]https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521[/url].\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For more collections related to the Board of Visitors, please consult collections under record group 01.","Records related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors can be found on their website at [url=https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521]https://scrcguides.libraries.wm.edu/repositories/2/resources/8521[/url]."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains records related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors in its supervision of the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary from 1920 until July 1962.  Additionally, the collection contains records related to the Board of Visitors of Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University from July 1962 to the present day. Included in the collection are agendas and minutes, committee reports, minutes from the Norfolk Division's Director's Advisory Board, and general correspondence either received or generated by the board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about the Board of Visitors can be found on the Old Dominion Univeristy Website at [url=https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html]https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html[/url].\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains records related to the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors in its supervision of the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary from 1920 until July 1962.  Additionally, the collection contains records related to the Board of Visitors of Old Dominion College and Old Dominion University from July 1962 to the present day. Included in the collection are agendas and minutes, committee reports, minutes from the Norfolk Division's Director's Advisory Board, and general correspondence either received or generated by the board.","More information about the Board of Visitors can be found on the Old Dominion Univeristy Website at [url=https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html]https://www.odu.edu/content/odu/about/bov.html[/url]."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2d128b01ac43b47f5ced909b7555b6c9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records of the Old Dominion University Board of Visitors contains office files of the board, including correspondence, resolutions, committee records, proceedings, and agendas.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The records of the Old Dominion University Board of Visitors contains office files of the board, including correspondence, resolutions, committee records, proceedings, and agendas."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors"],"names_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Old Dominion College. Board of Visitors"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1026,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:17.098Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_227_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Business, 1922/1953","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains five volumes of business records of the Norfolk United Community Fund. Included in the volumes are minutes, bylaws, reports, and other material. The volumes are arranged in chronological order and contain an index of topics within each volume.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","parent_ssim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_234"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Business","title_ssm":["Series I: Business"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Business"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Business, 1922/1953"],"text":["Series I: Business, 1922/1953","Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970","This series contains five volumes of business records of the Norfolk United Community Fund. Included in the volumes are minutes, bylaws, reports, and other material. The volumes are arranged in chronological order and contain an index of topics within each volume."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922/1953"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1922-1953"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains five volumes of business records of the Norfolk United Community Fund. Included in the volumes are minutes, bylaws, reports, and other material. The volumes are arranged in chronological order and contain an index of topics within each volume.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains five volumes of business records of the Norfolk United Community Fund. Included in the volumes are minutes, bylaws, reports, and other material. The volumes are arranged in chronological order and contain an index of topics within each volume."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_234","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_234.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/234","title_filing_ssi":"Norfolk United Community Fund","title_ssm":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records"],"title_tesim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923-1970, undated","Date acquired: 04/23/1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-1970, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 04/23/1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"text":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970","MG 36","/repositories/5/resources/234","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Charities--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","An addition to the collection was added on 5/16/1980.","This collection is arranged into three series: Series I: Business; Series II: Scrapbooks; and Series III: Miscellaneous.","The United Community Fund (UCF) was founded in 1923. 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Of particular interest are records of the United War Fund, the name of the organization during World War II.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The records of the Norfolk United Community Fund include minutes, reports from the Board of Trustees and various committees, collection and distribution statements, memorandums, outgoing correspondence, and scrapbooks.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk United Community Fund","United Community Funds and Councils of America","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk United Community Fund Records, 1923/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 36","/repositories/5/resources/234"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 36","/repositories/5/resources/234"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk United Community Fund"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk United Community Fund"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk United Community Fund","United Community Funds and Councils of America"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk United Community Fund","United Community Funds and Councils of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Eugene Berres, Executive V.P. 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The UCF was started to serve as a fundraising organization for the social service agencies of Norfolk. Over the years the United Community Fund has come to be known by different names. The group started as the United Community Fund. During World War II, the group became known as the United War Fund. After the war, the group changed its name to the Norfolk United Fund, and then later the Norfolk Community Chest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Community Fund (UCF) was founded in 1923. The UCF was started to serve as a fundraising organization for the social service agencies of Norfolk. Over the years the United Community Fund has come to be known by different names. The group started as the United Community Fund. During World War II, the group became known as the United War Fund. After the war, the group changed its name to the Norfolk United Fund, and then later the Norfolk Community Chest.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk United Community Fund Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk United Community Fund Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the records of the Norfolk United Community Fund, an organization set up to finance social service agencies in Norfolk, Virginia. Included in the records are business records, such as minutes and bylaws, correspondence, newspaper clippings, and fundraising campaigns. Of particular interest are records of the United War Fund, the name of the organization during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the records of the Norfolk United Community Fund, an organization set up to finance social service agencies in Norfolk, Virginia. Included in the records are business records, such as minutes and bylaws, correspondence, newspaper clippings, and fundraising campaigns. Of particular interest are records of the United War Fund, the name of the organization during World War II."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_67d91e62d6a5c3760f347ea4a0fc26a0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records of the Norfolk United Community Fund include minutes, reports from the Board of Trustees and various committees, collection and distribution statements, memorandums, outgoing correspondence, and scrapbooks.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The records of the Norfolk United Community Fund include minutes, reports from the Board of Trustees and various committees, collection and distribution statements, memorandums, outgoing correspondence, and scrapbooks."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk United Community Fund","United Community Funds and Councils of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["United Community Funds and Councils of America","Norfolk United Community Fund"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk United Community Fund","United Community Funds and Councils of America"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":87,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_234_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Correspondence, 1787/1975","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series is further divided into 13 subseries. Within each subseries, the correspondence is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence, 1787/1975"],"text":["Series I: Correspondence, 1787/1975","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","This series is further divided into 13 subseries. Within each subseries, the correspondence is arranged chronologically."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1975"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1787-1975"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":15,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series is further divided into 13 subseries. Within each subseries, the correspondence is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series is further divided into 13 subseries. 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After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"creators_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Judith Ball Wysong Cofer","Gift. Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. 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Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssim":["Charles E. 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Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1951"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1857-1951, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87ab8e75-be58-41af-9193-f0875bbff12f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_105.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/105","title_filing_ssi":"Hewins, Charles E.","title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"text":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951","MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.","Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates","For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in ODU Libraries Digital Collections.","The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers, 1856/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"creator_ssm":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"creators_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Edward F. Hewins","Gift. Accession #A78-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026amp; A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan E. Yates\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in \u003ca href=\"https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/hewins/search\"\u003eODU Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in ODU Libraries Digital Collections."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_764157c39486b63c2402ebbefd05721f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRelates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Correspondence, 1889/1976","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","parent_ssim":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_107"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence, 1889/1976"],"text":["Series I: Correspondence, 1889/1976","Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1976"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1889-1976, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_107","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_107.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/107","title_filing_ssi":"Cook Family","title_ssm":["Cook Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Cook Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-1977, undated","Date acquired: 05/12/1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-1977, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/12/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"text":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977","MG 46","/repositories/5/resources/107","Virginia--Genealogy","Families--Virginia--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into twelve series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Minutes and Proceedings; Series III: Diaries; Series IV: Printed Material; Series V: Financial Documents; Series VI: Photographic Material; Series VII: Literary Productions; Series VIII: Legal Documents; Series IX: Scrapbooks and Scrapbook Material; Series X: Artifacts; Series XI: Charts, Diagrams, Lists, Real Estate Plats, and Maps; and Series XII: Genealogy.","The family of Henry Clarico Freeman Cook, the donor of the Cook Family Papers, dates to several distinguished Virginians. The family traces its ancestry to Richard Blow, a dominant figure in the business life of eighteenth and nineteenth century Virginia. The papers of Richard Blow are with the Blow Family Papers in the manuscripts collection of the Library of the College of William and Mary. Richard Blow's grandson, George Blow Jr., was a Norfolk judge and a member of the state convention for Virginia's secession at the time of the Civil war. Judge George Blow and his wife, Elizabeth Taylor Allmand, settled on Boush Street in Norfolk, where their daughter, Emma, grew up. Blow Street in Norfolk is named after this family.","Emma Blow married Arthur Clarico Freeman and they had three children, Arthur II, Elizabeth Allmond (\"Lizzie\"), and Emma. It is this generation and their descendants which the Cook Family Papers detail.","Arthur II was born in 1878 and graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1897. His interest in engineering led him to several inventions, some of which he attempted to sell to the government during World Wars I and II. He married a woman named Elsa, of whom his family disapproved, forcing Arthur to leave Norfolk and settle in Pennsylvania. In 1924, Elsa died and Arthur returned to Norfolk with his four children. In the 1950's, Arthur carried on much correspondence with Katherine Groner Shropshire who resided in New York and later in St. Augustine, Florida. Her letters to Arthur are quite revealing; unfortunately the collection contains few letters from Arthur to Katherine.","Of Arthur's children, the collection reveals information only about his daughter, Elfrieda Blow Freeman (\"Elf\"). Elfrieda married Merton B. Tice and settled in Mitchell, South Dakota. Tice was active in state politics and Elfrieda became National President of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1963. They had three children, Charles, Baird, and Virginia.","The collection reveals little information about Elizabeth Allmond Freeman (\"Lizzie\"). Lizzie founded the Edgewater Garden Club and lived in the family home in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk with her sister, Emma, until her death.","Emma Blow Freeman married Allen Merriam Cook and they initially settled in the family home on Boush Street. They had three children; Allen Blow, and twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice.","The bulk of the collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1893 and served in the Navy until 1919, retiring with the rank of commander. Allen M. Cook's Naval career took him to assignments throughout the United States, while his wife remained in Norfolk. Emma Freeman Cook was active in the Edgewater Garden Club and the Great Bridge Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Upon his retirement, Commander Cook carried on a large real estate business in Norfolk. When he died in 1941, his widow continued to live at the family's home in Edgewater until her death in 1956.","Allen Blow Cook was born in 1899 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1921. A physical disability caused him to retire in 1926. He received his masters degree in 1929 from the University of Virginia and joined the faculty at the Naval Academy. In 1942, he was recalled to active duty and retired in 1947 with the rank of commander. Upon retirement he returned to the Naval Academy faculty. He died in 1971.","The twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice, were born in 1909. The collection contains little information of Clarice, other than a few references in the family's correspondence. She married Arthur Gardner and settled in New York.","At the time this biography was written, Freeman Cook, the donor of the collection, was living in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Though he received a scholarship to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, his family wished him to attend the University of Virginia, where he would be a \"gentleman.\" He did attend UVA and studied agriculture. He later traveled and worked throughout the U.S. and in Panama, where he met his wife, Pepita.","Freeman enlisted in the Navy, though the collection only reveals that in 1944 he was a Chief Petty Officer stationed in Norfolk.","The Cook Family is perhaps most notable for their residence, The Tazewell House, in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk. Once the home of Littleton Waller Tazewell, a U.S. Senator and Governor of Virginia in the nineteenth century, the mansion was originally located at Granby and Boush Streets in Norfolk. When the mansion- was threatened in the early twentieth century, Emma Blow Freeman (Mrs. Arthur Clarico Freeman) purchased the house, and had it dismantled and reassembled on a site facing the Elizabeth River in Edgewater. According to a newsclipping in the collection, even the trees on the original site were uprooted and replanted at the new location. The Cook Family lived in the home at least until 1960's. Today, the privately owned Tazewell House is on the National Register of Historic Places.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Portions of the material are extremely fragile. Consult a staff member for assistance.","The collection was rehoused into acid-free folders and boxes by Javonte Baker, Special Collections and University Archives Assistant, from February through April 2018.","The collection includes material documenting the lives of the children of Arthur Clarico and Emma Blow Freeman, and later generations. Most of the collection centers on the personal and business papers of Allen Merriam Cook. The collection documents a Norfolk family, the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a Naval officer.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Bulk of collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook and documents the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a naval officer from 1899 to 1919. Includes business papers, financial documents, diaries, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings. Of note are the minutes and proceedings of the Princess Anne and Norfolk Mutual Building and Loan Association.","ODU Community Collections","Cook family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Cook Family Papers, 1872/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 46","/repositories/5/resources/107"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 46","/repositories/5/resources/107"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Cook family"],"creator_ssim":["Cook family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cook family"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Cook family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["H.C. Freeman Cook","Gift. Accession #A80-24"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Families--Virginia--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Families--Virginia--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 Linear Feet","20 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 Linear Feet","20 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into twelve series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Minutes and Proceedings; Series III: Diaries; Series IV: Printed Material; Series V: Financial Documents; Series VI: Photographic Material; Series VII: Literary Productions; Series VIII: Legal Documents; Series IX: Scrapbooks and Scrapbook Material; Series X: Artifacts; Series XI: Charts, Diagrams, Lists, Real Estate Plats, and Maps; and Series XII: Genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into twelve series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Minutes and Proceedings; Series III: Diaries; Series IV: Printed Material; Series V: Financial Documents; Series VI: Photographic Material; Series VII: Literary Productions; Series VIII: Legal Documents; Series IX: Scrapbooks and Scrapbook Material; Series X: Artifacts; Series XI: Charts, Diagrams, Lists, Real Estate Plats, and Maps; and Series XII: Genealogy."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe family of Henry Clarico Freeman Cook, the donor of the Cook Family Papers, dates to several distinguished Virginians. The family traces its ancestry to Richard Blow, a dominant figure in the business life of eighteenth and nineteenth century Virginia. The papers of Richard Blow are with the Blow Family Papers in the manuscripts collection of the Library of the College of William and Mary. Richard Blow's grandson, George Blow Jr., was a Norfolk judge and a member of the state convention for Virginia's secession at the time of the Civil war. Judge George Blow and his wife, Elizabeth Taylor Allmand, settled on Boush Street in Norfolk, where their daughter, Emma, grew up. Blow Street in Norfolk is named after this family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmma Blow married Arthur Clarico Freeman and they had three children, Arthur II, Elizabeth Allmond (\"Lizzie\"), and Emma. It is this generation and their descendants which the Cook Family Papers detail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur II was born in 1878 and graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1897. His interest in engineering led him to several inventions, some of which he attempted to sell to the government during World Wars I and II. He married a woman named Elsa, of whom his family disapproved, forcing Arthur to leave Norfolk and settle in Pennsylvania. In 1924, Elsa died and Arthur returned to Norfolk with his four children. In the 1950's, Arthur carried on much correspondence with Katherine Groner Shropshire who resided in New York and later in St. Augustine, Florida. Her letters to Arthur are quite revealing; unfortunately the collection contains few letters from Arthur to Katherine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf Arthur's children, the collection reveals information only about his daughter, Elfrieda Blow Freeman (\"Elf\"). Elfrieda married Merton B. Tice and settled in Mitchell, South Dakota. Tice was active in state politics and Elfrieda became National President of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1963. They had three children, Charles, Baird, and Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection reveals little information about Elizabeth Allmond Freeman (\"Lizzie\"). Lizzie founded the Edgewater Garden Club and lived in the family home in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk with her sister, Emma, until her death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmma Blow Freeman married Allen Merriam Cook and they initially settled in the family home on Boush Street. They had three children; Allen Blow, and twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1893 and served in the Navy until 1919, retiring with the rank of commander. Allen M. Cook's Naval career took him to assignments throughout the United States, while his wife remained in Norfolk. Emma Freeman Cook was active in the Edgewater Garden Club and the Great Bridge Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Upon his retirement, Commander Cook carried on a large real estate business in Norfolk. When he died in 1941, his widow continued to live at the family's home in Edgewater until her death in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllen Blow Cook was born in 1899 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1921. A physical disability caused him to retire in 1926. He received his masters degree in 1929 from the University of Virginia and joined the faculty at the Naval Academy. In 1942, he was recalled to active duty and retired in 1947 with the rank of commander. Upon retirement he returned to the Naval Academy faculty. He died in 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice, were born in 1909. The collection contains little information of Clarice, other than a few references in the family's correspondence. She married Arthur Gardner and settled in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time this biography was written, Freeman Cook, the donor of the collection, was living in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Though he received a scholarship to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, his family wished him to attend the University of Virginia, where he would be a \"gentleman.\" He did attend UVA and studied agriculture. He later traveled and worked throughout the U.S. and in Panama, where he met his wife, Pepita.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFreeman enlisted in the Navy, though the collection only reveals that in 1944 he was a Chief Petty Officer stationed in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cook Family is perhaps most notable for their residence, The Tazewell House, in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk. Once the home of Littleton Waller Tazewell, a U.S. Senator and Governor of Virginia in the nineteenth century, the mansion was originally located at Granby and Boush Streets in Norfolk. When the mansion- was threatened in the early twentieth century, Emma Blow Freeman (Mrs. Arthur Clarico Freeman) purchased the house, and had it dismantled and reassembled on a site facing the Elizabeth River in Edgewater. According to a newsclipping in the collection, even the trees on the original site were uprooted and replanted at the new location. The Cook Family lived in the home at least until 1960's. Today, the privately owned Tazewell House is on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The family of Henry Clarico Freeman Cook, the donor of the Cook Family Papers, dates to several distinguished Virginians. The family traces its ancestry to Richard Blow, a dominant figure in the business life of eighteenth and nineteenth century Virginia. The papers of Richard Blow are with the Blow Family Papers in the manuscripts collection of the Library of the College of William and Mary. Richard Blow's grandson, George Blow Jr., was a Norfolk judge and a member of the state convention for Virginia's secession at the time of the Civil war. Judge George Blow and his wife, Elizabeth Taylor Allmand, settled on Boush Street in Norfolk, where their daughter, Emma, grew up. Blow Street in Norfolk is named after this family.","Emma Blow married Arthur Clarico Freeman and they had three children, Arthur II, Elizabeth Allmond (\"Lizzie\"), and Emma. It is this generation and their descendants which the Cook Family Papers detail.","Arthur II was born in 1878 and graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1897. His interest in engineering led him to several inventions, some of which he attempted to sell to the government during World Wars I and II. He married a woman named Elsa, of whom his family disapproved, forcing Arthur to leave Norfolk and settle in Pennsylvania. In 1924, Elsa died and Arthur returned to Norfolk with his four children. In the 1950's, Arthur carried on much correspondence with Katherine Groner Shropshire who resided in New York and later in St. Augustine, Florida. Her letters to Arthur are quite revealing; unfortunately the collection contains few letters from Arthur to Katherine.","Of Arthur's children, the collection reveals information only about his daughter, Elfrieda Blow Freeman (\"Elf\"). Elfrieda married Merton B. Tice and settled in Mitchell, South Dakota. Tice was active in state politics and Elfrieda became National President of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1963. They had three children, Charles, Baird, and Virginia.","The collection reveals little information about Elizabeth Allmond Freeman (\"Lizzie\"). Lizzie founded the Edgewater Garden Club and lived in the family home in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk with her sister, Emma, until her death.","Emma Blow Freeman married Allen Merriam Cook and they initially settled in the family home on Boush Street. They had three children; Allen Blow, and twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice.","The bulk of the collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1893 and served in the Navy until 1919, retiring with the rank of commander. Allen M. Cook's Naval career took him to assignments throughout the United States, while his wife remained in Norfolk. Emma Freeman Cook was active in the Edgewater Garden Club and the Great Bridge Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Upon his retirement, Commander Cook carried on a large real estate business in Norfolk. When he died in 1941, his widow continued to live at the family's home in Edgewater until her death in 1956.","Allen Blow Cook was born in 1899 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1921. A physical disability caused him to retire in 1926. He received his masters degree in 1929 from the University of Virginia and joined the faculty at the Naval Academy. In 1942, he was recalled to active duty and retired in 1947 with the rank of commander. Upon retirement he returned to the Naval Academy faculty. He died in 1971.","The twins, Henry Clarico Freeman (\"Freeman\") and Clarice, were born in 1909. The collection contains little information of Clarice, other than a few references in the family's correspondence. She married Arthur Gardner and settled in New York.","At the time this biography was written, Freeman Cook, the donor of the collection, was living in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Though he received a scholarship to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, his family wished him to attend the University of Virginia, where he would be a \"gentleman.\" He did attend UVA and studied agriculture. He later traveled and worked throughout the U.S. and in Panama, where he met his wife, Pepita.","Freeman enlisted in the Navy, though the collection only reveals that in 1944 he was a Chief Petty Officer stationed in Norfolk.","The Cook Family is perhaps most notable for their residence, The Tazewell House, in the Edgewater subdivision of Norfolk. Once the home of Littleton Waller Tazewell, a U.S. Senator and Governor of Virginia in the nineteenth century, the mansion was originally located at Granby and Boush Streets in Norfolk. When the mansion- was threatened in the early twentieth century, Emma Blow Freeman (Mrs. Arthur Clarico Freeman) purchased the house, and had it dismantled and reassembled on a site facing the Elizabeth River in Edgewater. According to a newsclipping in the collection, even the trees on the original site were uprooted and replanted at the new location. The Cook Family lived in the home at least until 1960's. Today, the privately owned Tazewell House is on the National Register of Historic Places.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of the material are extremely fragile. Consult a staff member for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Portions of the material are extremely fragile. Consult a staff member for assistance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Cook Family Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Cook Family Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was rehoused into acid-free folders and boxes by Javonte Baker, Special Collections and University Archives Assistant, from February through April 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was rehoused into acid-free folders and boxes by Javonte Baker, Special Collections and University Archives Assistant, from February through April 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes material documenting the lives of the children of Arthur Clarico and Emma Blow Freeman, and later generations. Most of the collection centers on the personal and business papers of Allen Merriam Cook. The collection documents a Norfolk family, the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a Naval officer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes material documenting the lives of the children of Arthur Clarico and Emma Blow Freeman, and later generations. Most of the collection centers on the personal and business papers of Allen Merriam Cook. The collection documents a Norfolk family, the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a Naval officer."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_53d3732b6d0d2acfe57f336a75c6c37b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBulk of collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook and documents the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a naval officer from 1899 to 1919. Includes business papers, financial documents, diaries, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings. Of note are the minutes and proceedings of the Princess Anne and Norfolk Mutual Building and Loan Association.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Bulk of collection consists of the papers of Allen M. Cook and documents the development of subdivisions in Norfolk and Virginia Beach, and the career of a naval officer from 1899 to 1919. Includes business papers, financial documents, diaries, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings. Of note are the minutes and proceedings of the Princess Anne and Norfolk Mutual Building and Loan Association."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Cook family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cook family"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Cook family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":532,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:21.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_107_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Correspondence, 1911/1985","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains letters to and from Switzer from his days as a student at Exeter and Harvard University, to his time as a soldier in World War I, and as a dry goods merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi after the War. The bulk of the letters, written mostly to family members, describe the daily life of being a soldier, first as a member of the Harvard University ROTC, and then as a Lieutenant on the front lines in France and Germany. Of particular note is a letter describing the calm after the armistice in November 1918. The series is arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","parent_ssim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_189"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence, 1911/1985"],"text":["Series I: Correspondence, 1911/1985","Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985","This series contains letters to and from Switzer from his days as a student at Exeter and Harvard University, to his time as a soldier in World War I, and as a dry goods merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi after the War. The bulk of the letters, written mostly to family members, describe the daily life of being a soldier, first as a member of the Harvard University ROTC, and then as a Lieutenant on the front lines in France and Germany. Of particular note is a letter describing the calm after the armistice in November 1918. The series is arranged in chronological order."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1985"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1911-1985, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains letters to and from Switzer from his days as a student at Exeter and Harvard University, to his time as a soldier in World War I, and as a dry goods merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi after the War. The bulk of the letters, written mostly to family members, describe the daily life of being a soldier, first as a member of the Harvard University ROTC, and then as a Lieutenant on the front lines in France and Germany. Of particular note is a letter describing the calm after the armistice in November 1918. The series is arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains letters to and from Switzer from his days as a student at Exeter and Harvard University, to his time as a soldier in World War I, and as a dry goods merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi after the War. The bulk of the letters, written mostly to family members, describe the daily life of being a soldier, first as a member of the Harvard University ROTC, and then as a Lieutenant on the front lines in France and Germany. Of particular note is a letter describing the calm after the armistice in November 1918. The series is arranged in chronological order."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_189","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_189.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/189","title_filing_ssi":"Switzer, Samuel Leyens","title_ssm":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1910-1985, undated","Date acquired: 03/20/1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1910-1985, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/20/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"text":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985","MG 37","/repositories/5/resources/189","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans","Businessmen--Mississippi--Vicksburg","Civic leaders--Mississippi--Vicksburg","World War, 1914-1918","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Last accession August 15, 2005.","The collection is divided into six series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Literary Productions; Series III: Printed Material; Series IV: Maps; Series V: Photographic Material; and Series VI: Memorabilia.","Samuel Leyens Switzer was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on November 26, 1896. He was a son of Simon and Flora Leyens Switzer. In 1902, Sam's father died, leaving his widow Flora with four children: Louis, Minette, Barbara and Samuel. Samuel Switzer's correspondence begins when he journeyed North in 1911 to complete his secondary education at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. After Exeter, Sam entered Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a member of the class of 1918. Sam's letters home during this period reveal that he was a typical college student interested in fashions, football, girls and grades.","While attending college Samuel Switzer joined Harvard University's Military Reserve Unit. After his sophomore year, in the summer of 1916, Sam attended and successfully completed a United States Army training camp in Plattsburgh, New York. Sam returned to Harvard University in the fall of 1916. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, he spent time training from then until 1918. Switzer eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant.","After the Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, Lieutenant Switzer traveled through Luxembourg and into Germany. He remained in Kretz and Kruft, Germany, with the American Army of Occupation.At Beaune University he studied French, political science and business law. In May 1919, while still in France, Sam Switzer was awarded his A.B. degree in absentia from Harvard University. He was awarded this degree as a student who had completed three-fourths of the requirements but was unable to complete the entire course due to military service.","On June 15, 1919, Sam Switzer sailed for home with the St. Aignan Special (Beaune University) Casual Company Number 6438. After his arrival in New York City, Lieutenant Switzer proceeded to Fort Shelby, Mississippi, where he was formally discharged from the United States Army on July 29, 1919.","As a civilian, Sam Switzer entered the family business in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Switzer family owned The Valley Dry Goods Company, the largest department store in the Mississippi Valley. As president of The Valley, Samuel Switzer remained one of Vicksburg's most eminent businessmen. He was active in all phases of civic life and was a devoted member of Anshe Chesed congregation, having served as congregation president and for a number of years as president of the Young Men's Hebrew Association. He was former chairman of the Jewish Welfare Federation and was a member of B'nai B'rith. Samuel Leyens Switzer died on April 14, 1960, in Vicksburg, Mississippi. His family remembered him as being \" fervently American as a nationality and Jewish as a religion. \"","The collection contains the correspondence, publications, photographs, maps, and memorability of Samuel Leyens Switzer, a soldier who fought in World War I as well as a merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The bulk of the material details Switzer's time as a Lieutenant in World War I. Some of the highlights of the collector include letters chronically the daily life of soldiers, photographs of Switzer and fellow officers, and maps containing detailed battle positions and troop movements.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Department store owner in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Includes correspondence, literary productions, legal documents, newspaper and magazine clippings, maps, memorabilia and photographs. Collection documents his service as an artillery officer in World War I. Of note are maps of Europe detailing battle positions and troop movements in World War I.","ODU Community Collections","Harvard University","Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, 1910/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 37","/repositories/5/resources/189"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 37","/repositories/5/resources/189"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"creator_ssim":["Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Harvard University"],"creators_ssim":["Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)","ODU Community Collections","Harvard University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Bettie Minette Cooper","Loan. Accession #A80-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918--Veterans","Businessmen--Mississippi--Vicksburg","Civic leaders--Mississippi--Vicksburg","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918--Veterans","Businessmen--Mississippi--Vicksburg","Civic leaders--Mississippi--Vicksburg","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.2 Linear Feet","Five hollinger document cases and three oversize boxes. boxes"],"extent_tesim":["13.2 Linear Feet","Five hollinger document cases and three oversize boxes. boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLast accession August 15, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Last accession August 15, 2005."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Literary Productions; Series III: Printed Material; Series IV: Maps; Series V: Photographic Material; and Series VI: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into six series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Literary Productions; Series III: Printed Material; Series IV: Maps; Series V: Photographic Material; and Series VI: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Leyens Switzer was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on November 26, 1896. He was a son of Simon and Flora Leyens Switzer. In 1902, Sam's father died, leaving his widow Flora with four children: Louis, Minette, Barbara and Samuel. Samuel Switzer's correspondence begins when he journeyed North in 1911 to complete his secondary education at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. After Exeter, Sam entered Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a member of the class of 1918. Sam's letters home during this period reveal that he was a typical college student interested in fashions, football, girls and grades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    While attending college Samuel Switzer joined Harvard University's Military Reserve Unit. After his sophomore year, in the summer of 1916, Sam attended and successfully completed a United States Army training camp in Plattsburgh, New York. Sam returned to Harvard University in the fall of 1916. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, he spent time training from then until 1918. Switzer eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, Lieutenant Switzer traveled through Luxembourg and into Germany. He remained in Kretz and Kruft, Germany, with the American Army of Occupation.At Beaune University he studied French, political science and business law. In May 1919, while still in France, Sam Switzer was awarded his A.B. degree in absentia from Harvard University. He was awarded this degree as a student who had completed three-fourths of the requirements but was unable to complete the entire course due to military service.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn June 15, 1919, Sam Switzer sailed for home with the St. Aignan Special (Beaune University) Casual Company Number 6438. After his arrival in New York City, Lieutenant Switzer proceeded to Fort Shelby, Mississippi, where he was formally discharged from the United States Army on July 29, 1919.\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a civilian, Sam Switzer entered the family business in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Switzer family owned The Valley Dry Goods Company, the largest department store in the Mississippi Valley. As president of The Valley, Samuel Switzer remained one of Vicksburg's most eminent businessmen. He was active in all phases of civic life and was a devoted member of Anshe Chesed congregation, having served as congregation president and for a number of years as president of the Young Men's Hebrew Association. He was former chairman of the Jewish Welfare Federation and was a member of B'nai B'rith. Samuel Leyens Switzer died on April 14, 1960, in Vicksburg, Mississippi. His family remembered him as being \" fervently American as a nationality and Jewish as a religion. \"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Leyens Switzer was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on November 26, 1896. He was a son of Simon and Flora Leyens Switzer. In 1902, Sam's father died, leaving his widow Flora with four children: Louis, Minette, Barbara and Samuel. Samuel Switzer's correspondence begins when he journeyed North in 1911 to complete his secondary education at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. After Exeter, Sam entered Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a member of the class of 1918. Sam's letters home during this period reveal that he was a typical college student interested in fashions, football, girls and grades.","While attending college Samuel Switzer joined Harvard University's Military Reserve Unit. After his sophomore year, in the summer of 1916, Sam attended and successfully completed a United States Army training camp in Plattsburgh, New York. Sam returned to Harvard University in the fall of 1916. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, he spent time training from then until 1918. Switzer eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant.","After the Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, Lieutenant Switzer traveled through Luxembourg and into Germany. He remained in Kretz and Kruft, Germany, with the American Army of Occupation.At Beaune University he studied French, political science and business law. In May 1919, while still in France, Sam Switzer was awarded his A.B. degree in absentia from Harvard University. He was awarded this degree as a student who had completed three-fourths of the requirements but was unable to complete the entire course due to military service.","On June 15, 1919, Sam Switzer sailed for home with the St. Aignan Special (Beaune University) Casual Company Number 6438. After his arrival in New York City, Lieutenant Switzer proceeded to Fort Shelby, Mississippi, where he was formally discharged from the United States Army on July 29, 1919.","As a civilian, Sam Switzer entered the family business in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Switzer family owned The Valley Dry Goods Company, the largest department store in the Mississippi Valley. As president of The Valley, Samuel Switzer remained one of Vicksburg's most eminent businessmen. He was active in all phases of civic life and was a devoted member of Anshe Chesed congregation, having served as congregation president and for a number of years as president of the Young Men's Hebrew Association. He was former chairman of the Jewish Welfare Federation and was a member of B'nai B'rith. Samuel Leyens Switzer died on April 14, 1960, in Vicksburg, Mississippi. His family remembered him as being \" fervently American as a nationality and Jewish as a religion. \""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Samuel Leyens Switzer Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the correspondence, publications, photographs, maps, and memorability of Samuel Leyens Switzer, a soldier who fought in World War I as well as a merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The bulk of the material details Switzer's time as a Lieutenant in World War I. Some of the highlights of the collector include letters chronically the daily life of soldiers, photographs of Switzer and fellow officers, and maps containing detailed battle positions and troop movements.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the correspondence, publications, photographs, maps, and memorability of Samuel Leyens Switzer, a soldier who fought in World War I as well as a merchant in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The bulk of the material details Switzer's time as a Lieutenant in World War I. Some of the highlights of the collector include letters chronically the daily life of soldiers, photographs of Switzer and fellow officers, and maps containing detailed battle positions and troop movements."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6ad1a9471c9725dacc79b3cc295c4bbf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDepartment store owner in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Includes correspondence, literary productions, legal documents, newspaper and magazine clippings, maps, memorabilia and photographs. Collection documents his service as an artillery officer in World War I. Of note are maps of Europe detailing battle positions and troop movements in World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Department store owner in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Includes correspondence, literary productions, legal documents, newspaper and magazine clippings, maps, memorabilia and photographs. Collection documents his service as an artillery officer in World War I. Of note are maps of Europe detailing battle positions and troop movements in World War I."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Harvard University"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harvard University","Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"persname_ssim":["Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Harvard University","Switzer, Samuel Leyens (1896-1960)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":202,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:26.509Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_189_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Correspondence, 1917/1939","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","parent_ssim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_69"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Correspondence, 1917/1939"],"text":["Series I: Correspondence, 1917/1939","Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1917/1939"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1917-1939"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_69","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_69.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/69","title_filing_ssi":"Butler, Hugh Lee","title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1953, undated","Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1953, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/09/1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1896/1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"text":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953","MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Hugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.","Butler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr.","All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.","The bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together.","[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.","ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Lee Butler Papers, 1896/1953"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 58","/repositories/5/resources/69"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"Hap\" Forrest White","Gift. Accession #A85-1"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Race relations--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.20 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.20 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hugh Lee Butler, son of Le Grande Cornelius Butler and Martha Watkins Simpson Butler (d. 1897), was born July 19, 1871 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He had three brothers: Percy H., Hunter C. (d. 1905), and Stanley W. (d. 1923). Butler's parents moved to Norfolk when he was nine years old. He attended public schools in Farmville and Norfolk.","Butler married Effie Lee Grace, at the residence of W. E. Brown. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. T. Whitley. They became the parents of one daughter, Alice, and three sons, Hugh Lee Jr., Willard H., and Robert T., all of whom survived him. His wife died on December 17, 1935.","Butler began as an office boy at the Seaboard Air Line Railway on May 12, 1884. Promotion followed promotion over the years. In 1922, he was promoted to the position of contracting freight agent, a position he held until his retirement. On March 19, 1937, he received a congratulatory letter from L. R. Powell and Col. Henry W. Anderson upon completion of 50 years' service to the Seaboard. G. B. Rice presented him a 50- year service medal on behalf of the company. He retired at age 70, the Seaboard being the only company for which he had ever worked.","Butler's political career was a distinguished one. It began on what was known as the Common Council, July 1, 1902, representing Brambleton. His term as a member of the Norfolk City Council expired August 31, 1938, after 36 years of service.","He began his career as a member of the Charter Commission in 1902 and served on that body and the Select Council until the council-city manager form of government became a reality. Then he served as a member of the new government for 20 years. He also served on such committees as: Finance, Fire, Public Improvement and Annexation. He served many times as a member of the Democratic Committee from Brambleton and as chair of the Local Draft Board No. 1 from April 1, 1917 - March 31, 1919. He became especially involved in responding to citizens whose need for municipal services had not been met and civil servants (teachers, municipal workers) whose salaries had been cut during the Depression. Members of the Afro-American community found him to be a champion for their causes. One evidence of his tie to that community was a note from P. B. Young, publisher of the Afro-American Journal and Guide when Butler's wife died. He also worked on such projects as the introduction of parking meters to Norfolk and a study of school needs, both salaries as well as space.","Butler was known as a person of personal integrity, one who was loyal in his support of the city's welfare and one who had a mastery of the city's business. These traits provide a partial explanation as to the length of his political career. His service of 36 years was the longest in Norfolk's modern history. An appraisal of his life was best expressed in a resolution passed by the City Council on February 5, 1946: \"That in the death of Hugh L. Butler, the citizens of Norfolk have lost a faithful and conscientious public servant, whose interest in their welfare and efforts in their behalf will long be remembered, and the City has lost a valued citizen of outstanding integrity and fidelity.\"\nThough he retired from public office in 1938, he continued as a public servant. His appointment by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 12, 1940, as Secretary to Norfolk City Draft Board No. 4 is just one instance of his service.","He was in demand as a speaker before such organizations as the Ballantine Civic Association and the Ocean View Democratic and Social Club. He was made an honorary member of the Norfolk Athletic Club.","He died at his home on January 28, 1946 following two heart attacks the previous week.","Note written by Ellis E. O'Neal, Jr."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["All clippings in Folders 16-19 and items in Scrapbook are too fragile for researchers to handle. Please consult Special Collections and University Archives staff for assistance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of material related to Hugh Lee Butlers's time on the Norfolk City Council as a representative of Brambleton (parking meters; race relations; Foreman Field; city anniversaries; Museum of Arts and Sciences; blue laws; study of schools); his service on the Local Draft Board from 1917 to 1922 (alleged draft evaders, delinquents, deserters); personal and family papers (tax returns, financial records, obituaries, condolences); pamphlets and brochures of Norfolk; clippings from Norfolk newspapers; and, a scrapbook. The correspondence is arranged chronologically, or in original order as clipped together."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Hugh Lee Butler Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5350db0a7328f5c63c38300a0fc06adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eServed on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Served on the Norfolk City Council from 1902 to 1938. Papers relate to his service on the Norfolk City Council during the Great Depression and as chairman of Local Draft Board No. 1 during World War I."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Butler, Hugh Lee (1871-1946)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_69_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: History, General, 1891/1974","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains information about the history of the Florence Crittenton Home national chapter as well as the Norfolk chapter. The records include appeals, guest books, manuals, and bylaws.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","parent_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: History, General","title_ssm":["Series I: History, General"],"title_tesim":["Series I: History, General"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: History, General, 1891/1974"],"text":["Series I: History, General, 1891/1974","Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","This series contains information about the history of the Florence Crittenton Home national chapter as well as the Norfolk chapter. The records include appeals, guest books, manuals, and bylaws."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1891-1974, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains information about the history of the Florence Crittenton Home national chapter as well as the Norfolk chapter. The records include appeals, guest books, manuals, and bylaws.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains information about the history of the Florence Crittenton Home national chapter as well as the Norfolk chapter. The records include appeals, guest books, manuals, and bylaws."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_40.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/40","title_filing_ssi":"Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk","title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1978, undated","Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1978, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"text":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978","MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40","Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History","Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.","The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.","The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task the establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.","ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, 1891/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Board, Louauna S. Byrd, President","Gift. Accession #A77-3"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"extent_tesim":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLargely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ethe \u003c/emph\u003eestablishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894: Charter obtained in April\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899: Obstetrical ward added\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911: Day Nursery for working class children established\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task the establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_30dc8dcfbf035ff5e0704fec98a97613\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eEstablished in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1229,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series II: Background Research, 1923/1995","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspaper clippings, book chapters, and articles used as background research for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","parent_ssim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_29"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series II: Background Research","title_ssm":["Series II: Background Research"],"title_tesim":["Series II: Background Research"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series II: Background Research, 1923/1995"],"text":["Series II: Background Research, 1923/1995","Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995","This series includes newspaper clippings, book chapters, and articles used as background research for the book."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1995"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1923-1995"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":115,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspaper clippings, book chapters, and articles used as background research for the book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series includes newspaper clippings, book chapters, and articles used as background research for the book."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_29","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_29.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"Archon Finding Aid location","title_filing_ssi":"D'Orso, Michael","title_ssm":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre"],"title_tesim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1923-1995, undated","Date acquired: 04/22/1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1923-1995, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 04/22/1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"text":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995","MG 67","/repositories/5/resources/29","Rosewood (Fla.)--History","Journalists--United States","Authors--United States","African Americans--Florida--Rosewood--History--20th century","Race relations--History--20th century","Social justice","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Interviewees and Historical Figures; Series II: Background Research; Series III: Legal/Legislative Papers; Series IV: Editing of Manuscript; and Series V: Audio, Video, Electronic Files.","Mike D'Orso earned both his undergraduate degree in philosophy and his master's degree in English from the College of William and Mary. He taught high school English and has been a staff writer for Commonwealth magazine. As a writer for the Virginian-Pilot Newspaper he won numerous national honors including the Penney-Missouri Prize for general feature writing and three Pulitzer Prize nominations.\nD'Orso's work has also appeared in publications such as Sports Illustrated, Fortune, Reader's Digest and People magazine. Additionally he has written a chapter on journalism research methods for The Complete Book of Feature Writing; and his writing on author Jack Kerouac has been included in both Studies in American Fiction and the QPB Literary Review.\nMike D'Orso has also written 13 non-fiction books (see Bibliography). Included among those works is Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, which was a New York Times best- seller, and American Library Association Notable Book of the Year, and winner of the Lillian Smith Book Award for writing on the subject of social justice. The Papers of Mike D'Orso housed in the Old Dominion University Special Collections consists of his notes, interview transcripts, research done while writing Like Judgement Day.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Bibilography:","Seeds of Hope: A Physician's Personal Triumph Over In Praise of Public Life, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2000; In Praise of Public Life, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2000; Winning with Integrity: Getting What You're Worth Without Selling Your Soul, with Leigh Steinberg, Times Books, 1999; Body-for-Life: 12 Weeks to Mental and Physical Strength, with Bill Phillips, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999; Somerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage, with Dorothy Spruill Redford, University of North Carolina Press, 1998; Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, with John Lewis, Harcourt Brace, 1998; Thin is Just a Four-letter Word: Living Fit--for All Shapes and Sizes, with Dee Hakala, Dell, 1997; Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, Boulevard Books, 1996; Pumping Granite: And Other Portraits of People at Play, Texas Tech University Press, 1994; Rise and Walk: The Trial and Triumph of Dennis Byrd, with Dennis Byrd, HarperCollins, 1993; For the Children: Lessons from a Visionary Principal, with Madeline Cartwright, Doubleday, 1993; The Cost of Courage: The Journey of an American Congressman, with Carl Eliott, Doubleday, 1992; Fast Takes: Slices of Life Through a Journalist's Eye, Hampton Roads Publishing Co., 1990.","The collection contains notes and research material collected by Michael D'Orso while writing Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. The book concerns the massacre of an African American village in Florida in 1923. Included in the collection are interview tapes and transcripts of survivors; manuscripts and galley proofs for the book; as well as photographs, newspaper clippings, and other background research related to the Rosewood case. In 1994, Florida became the first state to compensate survivors and their dependents for damages incurred due to racial violence.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Writer for the Virginia Pilot Newspaper, author of 13 nonfiction books. This collection contains D'Orso's notes and research material collected while writing Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. The collection includes interview tapes and transcripts, photographs, newspaper clippings, and other research materials.","ODU Community Collections","D'Orso, Michael","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Michael D'Orso Collection on the Rosewood Massacre, 1923/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 67","/repositories/5/resources/29"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 67","/repositories/5/resources/29"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rosewood (Fla.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Rosewood (Fla.)--History"],"places_ssim":["Rosewood (Fla.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["D'Orso, Michael"],"creator_ssim":["D'Orso, Michael"],"creator_persname_ssim":["D'Orso, Michael"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creators_ssim":["D'Orso, Michael","ODU Community Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Michael D'Orso","Gift. Accession #99-10"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Journalists--United States","Authors--United States","African Americans--Florida--Rosewood--History--20th century","Race relations--History--20th century","Social justice"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Journalists--United States","Authors--United States","African Americans--Florida--Rosewood--History--20th century","Race relations--History--20th century","Social justice"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.00 Linear Feet","13 Hollinger document cases, 2 cassette boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.00 Linear Feet","13 Hollinger document cases, 2 cassette boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: Series I: Interviewees and Historical Figures; Series II: Background Research; Series III: Legal/Legislative Papers; Series IV: Editing of Manuscript; and Series V: Audio, Video, Electronic Files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Interviewees and Historical Figures; Series II: Background Research; Series III: Legal/Legislative Papers; Series IV: Editing of Manuscript; and Series V: Audio, Video, Electronic Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMike D'Orso earned both his undergraduate degree in philosophy and his master's degree in English from the College of William and Mary. He taught high school English and has been a staff writer for Commonwealth magazine. As a writer for the Virginian-Pilot Newspaper he won numerous national honors including the Penney-Missouri Prize for general feature writing and three Pulitzer Prize nominations.\nD'Orso's work has also appeared in publications such as Sports Illustrated, Fortune, Reader's Digest and People magazine. Additionally he has written a chapter on journalism research methods for The Complete Book of Feature Writing; and his writing on author Jack Kerouac has been included in both Studies in American Fiction and the QPB Literary Review.\nMike D'Orso has also written 13 non-fiction books (see Bibliography). Included among those works is Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, which was a New York Times best- seller, and American Library Association Notable Book of the Year, and winner of the Lillian Smith Book Award for writing on the subject of social justice. The Papers of Mike D'Orso housed in the Old Dominion University Special Collections consists of his notes, interview transcripts, research done while writing Like Judgement Day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mike D'Orso earned both his undergraduate degree in philosophy and his master's degree in English from the College of William and Mary. He taught high school English and has been a staff writer for Commonwealth magazine. As a writer for the Virginian-Pilot Newspaper he won numerous national honors including the Penney-Missouri Prize for general feature writing and three Pulitzer Prize nominations.\nD'Orso's work has also appeared in publications such as Sports Illustrated, Fortune, Reader's Digest and People magazine. Additionally he has written a chapter on journalism research methods for The Complete Book of Feature Writing; and his writing on author Jack Kerouac has been included in both Studies in American Fiction and the QPB Literary Review.\nMike D'Orso has also written 13 non-fiction books (see Bibliography). Included among those works is Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, which was a New York Times best- seller, and American Library Association Notable Book of the Year, and winner of the Lillian Smith Book Award for writing on the subject of social justice. The Papers of Mike D'Orso housed in the Old Dominion University Special Collections consists of his notes, interview transcripts, research done while writing Like Judgement Day.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Michael D'Orso Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Michael D'Orso Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBibilography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSeeds of Hope: A Physician's Personal Triumph Over In Praise of Public Life\u003c/emph\u003e, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026amp; Schuster, 2000; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIn Praise of Public Life\u003c/emph\u003e, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026amp; Schuster, 2000; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWinning with Integrity: Getting What You're Worth Without Selling Your Soul\u003c/emph\u003e, with Leigh Steinberg, Times Books, 1999; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBody-for-Life: 12 Weeks to Mental and Physical Strength\u003c/emph\u003e, with Bill Phillips, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSomerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage\u003c/emph\u003e, with Dorothy Spruill Redford, University of North Carolina Press, 1998; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWalking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement\u003c/emph\u003e, with John Lewis, Harcourt Brace, 1998; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThin is Just a Four-letter Word: Living Fit--for All Shapes and Sizes\u003c/emph\u003e, with Dee Hakala, Dell, 1997; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLike Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood\u003c/emph\u003e, Boulevard Books, 1996; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePumping Granite: And Other Portraits of People at Play\u003c/emph\u003e, Texas Tech University Press, 1994; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRise and Walk: The Trial and Triumph of Dennis Byrd,\u003c/emph\u003e with Dennis Byrd, HarperCollins, 1993; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFor the Children: Lessons from a Visionary Principal\u003c/emph\u003e, with Madeline Cartwright, Doubleday, 1993; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Cost of Courage: The Journey of an American Congressman\u003c/emph\u003e, with Carl Eliott, Doubleday, 1992; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFast Takes: Slices of Life Through a Journalist's Eye\u003c/emph\u003e, Hampton Roads Publishing Co., 1990.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Publications"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Bibilography:","Seeds of Hope: A Physician's Personal Triumph Over In Praise of Public Life, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2000; In Praise of Public Life, with Joseph Lieberman, Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2000; Winning with Integrity: Getting What You're Worth Without Selling Your Soul, with Leigh Steinberg, Times Books, 1999; Body-for-Life: 12 Weeks to Mental and Physical Strength, with Bill Phillips, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999; Somerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage, with Dorothy Spruill Redford, University of North Carolina Press, 1998; Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, with John Lewis, Harcourt Brace, 1998; Thin is Just a Four-letter Word: Living Fit--for All Shapes and Sizes, with Dee Hakala, Dell, 1997; Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, Boulevard Books, 1996; Pumping Granite: And Other Portraits of People at Play, Texas Tech University Press, 1994; Rise and Walk: The Trial and Triumph of Dennis Byrd, with Dennis Byrd, HarperCollins, 1993; For the Children: Lessons from a Visionary Principal, with Madeline Cartwright, Doubleday, 1993; The Cost of Courage: The Journey of an American Congressman, with Carl Eliott, Doubleday, 1992; Fast Takes: Slices of Life Through a Journalist's Eye, Hampton Roads Publishing Co., 1990."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains notes and research material collected by Michael D'Orso while writing\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood\u003c/emph\u003e. The book concerns the massacre of an African American village in Florida in 1923. Included in the collection are interview tapes and transcripts of survivors; manuscripts and galley proofs for the book; as well as photographs, newspaper clippings, and other background research related to the Rosewood case. In 1994, Florida became the first state to compensate survivors and their dependents for damages incurred due to racial violence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains notes and research material collected by Michael D'Orso while writing Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. The book concerns the massacre of an African American village in Florida in 1923. Included in the collection are interview tapes and transcripts of survivors; manuscripts and galley proofs for the book; as well as photographs, newspaper clippings, and other background research related to the Rosewood case. In 1994, Florida became the first state to compensate survivors and their dependents for damages incurred due to racial violence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_429007aafe74161222122e97e08bd106\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eWriter for the Virginia Pilot Newspaper, author of 13 nonfiction books. This collection contains D'Orso's notes and research material collected while writing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLike Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. \u003c/emph\u003eThe collection includes interview tapes and transcripts, photographs, newspaper clippings, and other research materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Writer for the Virginia Pilot Newspaper, author of 13 nonfiction books. This collection contains D'Orso's notes and research material collected while writing Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. The collection includes interview tapes and transcripts, photographs, newspaper clippings, and other research materials."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"persname_ssim":["D'Orso, Michael"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","D'Orso, Michael"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":401,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_29_c02"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":110},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1923\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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