{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=1974","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=1973","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=1975","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=1988"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1974,"next_page":1975,"prev_page":1973,"total_pages":1988,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":19730,"total_count":19876,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_6#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"U.S. Government","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_6#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_6.xml","title_ssm":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1908-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1908-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6"],"text":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6","World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection","United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.","United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals","The  Army Talks series  has been digitized and is available online under  America at War - Army Talks .","The  GI Roundtable  materials have been digitized and are available online under  America at War – GI Roundtable .","Many other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under  America at War - General Publications .","This collection is arranged into 6 series:"," \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets","Series II: Interwar Years Pamphlets \n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets","Series IV: Post-War Pamphlets","Series V: Publications","Series VI:  Army Talks","The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.","The collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available.","Special Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\".","This collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The  Army Talks Series ,  GI Roundtable  materials, and  other pamphlets  have been digitized and are available online. ","Pamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.","University of Richmond ","U.S. Government","Seuss, Dr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"collection_ssim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"creator_ssm":["U.S. Government"],"creator_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"creators_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired by transfer from the Federal Depository materials within the circulating collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 7 archival boxes."],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 7 archival boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eArmy Talks series\u003c/i\u003e has been digitized and is available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_20034dbe-1c70-43a7-9fe8-80526ca493f9/\"\u003eAmerica at War - Army Talks\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eGI Roundtable\u003c/i\u003e materials have been digitized and are available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_2f6b5495-5097-4d7b-975b-aeaec8cbbcab/\"\u003eAmerica at War – GI Roundtable\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_604fbfa3-8633-4ab2-b8bb-93deb2abf7c2/\"\u003eAmerica at War - General Publications\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The  Army Talks series  has been digitized and is available online under  America at War - Army Talks .","The  GI Roundtable  materials have been digitized and are available online under  America at War – GI Roundtable .","Many other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under  America at War - General Publications ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 6 series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Interwar Years Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Post-War Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eArmy Talks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 6 series:"," \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets","Series II: Interwar Years Pamphlets \n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets","Series IV: Post-War Pamphlets","Series V: Publications","Series VI:  Army Talks"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-8, World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlet Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-8, World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_20034dbe-1c70-43a7-9fe8-80526ca493f9/\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eArmy Talks Series\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_2f6b5495-5097-4d7b-975b-aeaec8cbbcab/\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eGI Roundtable\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/a\u003e materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_604fbfa3-8633-4ab2-b8bb-93deb2abf7c2/\"\u003eother pamphlets\u003c/a\u003e have been digitized and are available online. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The  Army Talks Series ,  GI Roundtable  materials, and  other pamphlets  have been digitized and are available online. ","Pamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6f13b8ec5d333ba70283ac249fe81bae\" label=\"Summary/Abstract\"\u003eThe pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","U.S. Government","Seuss, Dr."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","U.S. Government"],"names_coll_ssim":["Seuss, Dr."],"persname_ssim":["Seuss, Dr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":271,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:08:19.620Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_6","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_6.xml","title_ssm":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1908-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1908-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6"],"text":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6","World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection","United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.","United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals","The  Army Talks series  has been digitized and is available online under  America at War - Army Talks .","The  GI Roundtable  materials have been digitized and are available online under  America at War – GI Roundtable .","Many other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under  America at War - General Publications .","This collection is arranged into 6 series:"," \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets","Series II: Interwar Years Pamphlets \n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets","Series IV: Post-War Pamphlets","Series V: Publications","Series VI:  Army Talks","The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.","The collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available.","Special Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\".","This collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The  Army Talks Series ,  GI Roundtable  materials, and  other pamphlets  have been digitized and are available online. ","Pamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.","University of Richmond ","U.S. Government","Seuss, Dr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-8","/repositories/4/resources/6"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"collection_ssim":["World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"creator_ssm":["U.S. Government"],"creator_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"creators_ssim":["U.S. Government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- Handbooks, manuals, etc."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired by transfer from the Federal Depository materials within the circulating collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Armed Forces","Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 7 archival boxes."],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 7 archival boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Pamphlets","Periodicals"],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eArmy Talks series\u003c/i\u003e has been digitized and is available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_20034dbe-1c70-43a7-9fe8-80526ca493f9/\"\u003eAmerica at War - Army Talks\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eGI Roundtable\u003c/i\u003e materials have been digitized and are available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_2f6b5495-5097-4d7b-975b-aeaec8cbbcab/\"\u003eAmerica at War – GI Roundtable\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_604fbfa3-8633-4ab2-b8bb-93deb2abf7c2/\"\u003eAmerica at War - General Publications\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The  Army Talks series  has been digitized and is available online under  America at War - Army Talks .","The  GI Roundtable  materials have been digitized and are available online under  America at War – GI Roundtable .","Many other pamphlets have also been digitized and are available online under  America at War - General Publications ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 6 series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Interwar Years Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Post-War Pamphlets\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eArmy Talks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 6 series:"," \tSeries I: Pre-War and World War I Pamphlets","Series II: Interwar Years Pamphlets \n    Series III: World War II Pamphlets","Series IV: Post-War Pamphlets","Series V: Publications","Series VI:  Army Talks"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. 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The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-8, World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlet Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-8, World War I \u0026 II Pamphlet Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed from its original order by government document number into chronological order. Original government document numbers have been retained in the description when available."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections also holds an additional collection of nearly 600 World War I pamphlets.  These pamphlets are international in origin and scope. Currently, they are listed individually in the catalog or by searching \"World War, 1914-1918--Pamphlets\"."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_20034dbe-1c70-43a7-9fe8-80526ca493f9/\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eArmy Talks Series\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_2f6b5495-5097-4d7b-975b-aeaec8cbbcab/\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eGI Roundtable\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/a\u003e materials, and \u003ca href=\"https://richmond.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/deliverableUnit_604fbfa3-8633-4ab2-b8bb-93deb2abf7c2/\"\u003eother pamphlets\u003c/a\u003e have been digitized and are available online. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection offers a small number of pamphlets related to World War I, most of which are regulatory pamphlets. The remaining folders house World War II publications. Of note in this collection are pre-induction pamphlets, publications about returning to civilian life, and a publication called Army Talks, the official periodical for the Army Eighth Air Force division. The  Army Talks Series ,  GI Roundtable  materials, and  other pamphlets  have been digitized and are available online. ","Pamphlets that relate to returning to civilian life are of importance, as they begin as early as March 1944, and include information about the G.I. Bill and future opportunities for soldiers, such as education. While these civilian publications are not necessarily related to one another, they lend an important aspect to wartime life. Lastly, a run of pre-induction pamphlets highlighting skills to be acquired before entering into certain sectors of the Armed Services offer a comprehensive view of specialization. A series of Army Pocket Guides to various locations where stationed may also be useful, especially in understanding U.S. history of domestic policy with the locations discussed. Of special note is the pamphlet \"This is Ann,\" located in Box 2, File 21, which was drawn by Theodore Geisel, better known for his later pseudonym,  Dr. Seuss."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6f13b8ec5d333ba70283ac249fe81bae\" label=\"Summary/Abstract\"\u003eThe pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The pamphlets found in this collection highlight the many aspects of military and wartime life, mainly during World War II. The pamphlets provide clues as to how day-to-day military life was conducted during the First and Second World Wars, including the ins-and-outs of pre-military enlistment, the role of women during the war, and perceived German intentions. Many publications offer insight into how a soldier is to conduct himself on and off the battlefield, including restrictions he is to adhere to when returning home. All publications are official United States issue, and are therefore official documentation of how the army communicated with the average soldier."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","U.S. Government","Seuss, Dr."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","U.S. Government"],"names_coll_ssim":["Seuss, Dr."],"persname_ssim":["Seuss, Dr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":271,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:08:19.620Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_6"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"text":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records","World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI","Reel 96"],"title_filing_ssi":"World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI","title_ssm":["World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI"],"title_tesim":["World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907–1917"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1917"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War One -- Correspondence per. University and WWI"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4687,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"containers_ssim":["Reel 96"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4686","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:38:51.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6540.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199431","title_ssm":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 5262","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6540"],"text":["A\u0026M 5262","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6540","West Virginia University, President's Office, Records","No special access restriction applies.","The contents list was created from alphabetized index cards which were previously the only description of the collection. This means that some material may appear in the contents list more than once, if two separate index terms apply.","Some of the originals from which these microfilms were made are in A\u0026M 690, West Virginia University, President's Office, Departmental, and Other Records, held at the WVRHC. The contents list for that collection can be searched to find areas of overlap.","Records from various colleges and departments of West Virginia University, including the Agricultural Experiment Station, Board of Regents, College of Education, Department of Philosophy and Psychology, President's Office, and Registrar's Office, among others.  There are also general financial records primarily documenting the early history of the University.","The contents list is a transcription and reformatting of a card index; it describes material as follows: \nindex term used in card index, followed by double dash and a more detailed description (if any), finally followed by a see also note (if any).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. President's Office","West Virginia University","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 5262","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6540"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia University, President's Office, Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia University. President's Office"],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia University. President's Office"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia University. President's Office"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia University. President's Office"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["53.52 Linear Feet (367 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["53.52 Linear Feet (367 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents list was created from alphabetized index cards which were previously the only description of the collection. This means that some material may appear in the contents list more than once, if two separate index terms apply.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The contents list was created from alphabetized index cards which were previously the only description of the collection. This means that some material may appear in the contents list more than once, if two separate index terms apply."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the originals from which these microfilms were made are in A\u0026amp;M 690, West Virginia University, President's Office, Departmental, and Other Records, held at the WVRHC. The contents list for that collection can be searched to find areas of overlap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Some of the originals from which these microfilms were made are in A\u0026M 690, West Virginia University, President's Office, Departmental, and Other Records, held at the WVRHC. The contents list for that collection can be searched to find areas of overlap."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, President's Office, Records, A\u0026amp;M 5262, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], West Virginia University, President's Office, Records, A\u0026M 5262, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords from various colleges and departments of West Virginia University, including the Agricultural Experiment Station, Board of Regents, College of Education, Department of Philosophy and Psychology, President's Office, and Registrar's Office, among others.  There are also general financial records primarily documenting the early history of the University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe contents list is a transcription and reformatting of a card index; it describes material as follows:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nindex term used in card index, followed by double dash and a more detailed description (if any), finally followed by a see also note (if any).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records from various colleges and departments of West Virginia University, including the Agricultural Experiment Station, Board of Regents, College of Education, Department of Philosophy and Psychology, President's Office, and Registrar's Office, among others.  There are also general financial records primarily documenting the early history of the University.","The contents list is a transcription and reformatting of a card index; it describes material as follows: \nindex term used in card index, followed by double dash and a more detailed description (if any), finally followed by a see also note (if any)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4fe92ebaee06c0e630c68167f7ebe585\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. President's Office","West Virginia University"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. President's Office","West Virginia University"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4717,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:38:51.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6540_c4687"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Worley Simmons Family Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2322.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196390","title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"text":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322","Worley Simmons Family Papers","Porterwood (W. Va.)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b2b056a805ac36b99601e8e10ca75def\"\u003eCorrespondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_03df95903d0add17cd17764dfad08d23\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:40:06.480Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c02_c1167","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c02_c1167#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c02_c1167","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c02_c1167"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c02_c1167","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Records"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Records","W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O.","box Box 162"],"title_filing_ssi":"W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O.","title_ssm":["W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O."],"title_tesim":["W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O."],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1907 -1912"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1912"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. O. Sydnor, Division Freight Agent - C.\n                  \u0026 O.; E. D. Hotchkiss, G.F.A.; J. W. Knapp,\n                  general supt. C. \u0026 O.; J. H. Averill, agent of C.\n                  \u0026 O."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1351,"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912],"containers_ssim":["box Box 162"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1166","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c02_c1167"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"W railroads","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers","Series 9. Railroads (boxes 146-189)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers","Series 9. Railroads (boxes 146-189)"],"text":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers","Series 9. Railroads (boxes 146-189)","W railroads","Box 148","Folder 23"],"title_filing_ssi":"W railroads","title_ssm":["W railroads"],"title_tesim":["W railroads"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884 December 31–1910 October 15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W railroads"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":819,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"containers_ssim":["Box 148","Folder 23"],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#24","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:05:52.830Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2374.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196440","title_ssm":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1799-1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1799-1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0013","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2374"],"text":["A\u0026M 0013","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2374","Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","Banks and banking","Coal mining.","Elk Garden Coal Field.","Lumber trade","Railroads - West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh Railway.","Railroads","Lumber industry and timber.","Politics and government.","West Virginia - Politics and government.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","Henry Gassaway Davis","Henry Gassaway Davis (11/16/1823-03/11/1916) was a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.","He was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.","Davis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.","Davis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026C). The P\u0026C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.","Davis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026C, and C\u0026I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026C was absorbed by the B\u0026O.","Early on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.","Davis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.","Reluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.","Although retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.","Davis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.","Davis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.","Daughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.","Henry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.","Hicks, W. Raymond. \"The West Virginia Central \u0026 Pittsburgh Railway. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43518154","Lewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.","Rice, Donald L. \"Coal \u0026 Coke Railway.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1337","Ross, Thomas Richard. \"Henry Gassaway Davis.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1711","13, 717, 1028","Correspondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.","Series include:  \nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29)  \nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33)  \nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48)  \nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62)  \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65)  \nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82)  \nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115)  \nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118)  \nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145)  \nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189)  \nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190)  \nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191)  \nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193)  \nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197)  \nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202)  \nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231)  \nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240)  \nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247)  \nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)","Among Davis's correspondents are:  \nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson  \nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson  \nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum  \nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard  \nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr.  \nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine  \nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice  \nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan  \nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden  \nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie  \nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz  \nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins  \nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr.  \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett  \nOlympian Robert S. Garrett  \nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore)  \nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman  \nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison  \nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss  \nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson  \nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna  \nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont  \nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage  \nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd  \nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas  \nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer  \nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle  \nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson  \nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller  \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray  \nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts  \nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer  \nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart  \nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees  \nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh  \nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney  \nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte  \nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom","This series includes H.G. Davis's incoming business correspondence. It consists of daily communications from his managers related to the day-to-day operations of the Buxton and Landstreet Store (the company store), Coal and Coke Railroad, Davis Coal and Coke Company, Davis Colliery Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, and his other business concerns. There is also incoming correspondence from the Cumberland Valley, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and Ohio railroads, and numerous manufacturers and vendors. In addition to the business correspondence, some of Davis's personal and family correspondence is filed in this series as well, including materials regarding charity, financial solicitations, and other topics.","This series includes bank account books, bank account balance sheets, and bank statements for various H.G. Davis enterprises, including Davis and Trout, H.G. Davis and Company, H.G. Davis and Brother, and T.B. Davis and Company. In addition, there are sawmill accounts and other inventories.","This series includes day-to-day correspondence relating to the operation and conditions of the Davis Coal and Coke and the Davis Colliery companies coal mines and coke ovens. Other correspondence includes coal car availability, coal quality issues, estimates and costs for coal town construction, miners' wages, and the price of coal.","These papers include construction estimates for railroad buildings and bridges, correspondence with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, correspondence with railroad construction contractors, memoranda of agreement between H.G. Davis and other railroads, miscellaneous financial statements, and papers regarding the formation of Seaboard Steam Coal Association (a coal producer syndicate). Other materials include deeds, maps, newspaper clippings regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and newspaper clippings regarding the 1916 death of H.G. Davis.","This series includes miscellaneous correspondence and letters, as well as deeds, financial statements, and memoranda of agreement.","The majority of these papers are bank statements for several banks including the Davis National Bank, Davis National Bank-Piedmont, Davis Trust Company, Elkins National Bank, Piedmont National Bank, Trust Company of West Virginia, Tucker County Bank, and the 1st National Bank of Elkins, as well as statements from the Davis Electric Light Company and various coal and coke production statements. There are also bank account books, blank checks, check registers, and check stubs.","This series includes miscellaneous business correspondence related to land acquisitions and railroads; miscellaneous banking, financial, and tax statements; various lawsuits and other litigation records; and documents regarding the Gassaway, West Virginia reservoir and water works.","These documents are related to the Alexander Shaw v. H.G. Davis and the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company lawsuit, which concerned the construction of the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company. There are legal briefs, depositions, and testimony; financial statements for the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies; and other lawsuit related documents.","Personal papers include financial statements; correspondence regarding the Davis Children's Shelter; documents related to the design and construction of Graceland, including correspondence with Baldwin and Pennington (Graceland's architects); and obituary notices for the 1902 death of Katherine Bantz Davis, wife of H.G. Davis. Political papers include letters related to the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial celebration; correspondence and materials related to Davis's 1904 Vice Presidential nomination, such as congratulatory telegrams, and other Parker/Davis ticket papers; and other political letters.","This series includes day-to-day correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies. Other records regard the Coal and Coke Railway, the Coal and Iron Railway (surveys and related documents), the Cookerly Farm Railroad War, the Pan-American Railroad commission, and the Potomac and Piedmont Coal Railway Company (1866 charter and related materials). There is also correspondence with other railroad companies, Shaw lawsuit materials, financial statements, payrolls for various farm and railroad departments, and materials regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.","This series includes correspondence related to the \"Golden Jubilee,\" the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial, a celebration of the 50th anniversary of West Virginia's statehood. The correspondence regards the purchasing of American flags for each of West Virginia's fifty-five counties, the composition of a state poem and state song, and the appointment of West Virginia University Professor James Morton Callahan to author a semi-centennial history of West Virginia.","These papers are related to Thomas B. Davis's estate such as financial statements for his business concerns of H.G. Davis and Company and its successor H.G. Davis and Brother, as well as other estate related documents.","The Hospital and Church were both built in memory of H.G. Davis's wife Katherine Bantz Davis. The Hospital papers include financial reports, miscellaneous letters, and various pamphlets from other hospitals. The Church papers include correspondence from architects Harding and Upman, and various catalogs and documents relating to the church organ, seating, light fixtures, roofing, and ironwork.","These papers are related to the business concerns of H.G. Davis and his brother Thomas B. Davis. Materials include correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, deeds for their various railroads, railroad survey proposals and cost estimates, and real estate tax records. There are also employee rosters and payrolls for the Deer Park sawmill.","These materials include correspondence related to the acquisition and sale of real estate, including timber and coal lands.","This series contains letter books of outgoing correspondence.","These letters include correspondence from E.W.S. Moore (treasurer/secretary) and C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company. There is also outgoing correspondence from the President's Office regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company.","These materials include H.G. Davis check stubs, 1896 Intercontinental Railway Commission Report, Hamilton Coal Company Stock Certificate Book, Hamilton Coal Company Minute Book, Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company letter books, Gassaway Development Company correspondence, and Gassaway Church correspondence. There are also C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) outgoing letters regarding Hamilton Coal Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company, the Coal and Iron Railroad, and the Coal and Coke Railway.","Oversized volumes include the Central Railway of Virginia (unrelated to the Virginia Central Railroad) Board of Directors ledger and route survey reports; Central Railroad of West Virginia (unrelated to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway) ledger and stockholders' minutes; newspaper clippings scrapbook (1884-1894); H.G. Davis's personal name and address books; C.M. Headley's (assistant to the president) outgoing correspondence (1893-1894); and West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission letter book (1911-1913).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0013","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2374"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creators_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026amp;O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026amp;O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026amp;C). The P\u0026amp;C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026amp;C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026amp;I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026amp;I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026amp;C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026amp;C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026amp;C, and C\u0026amp;I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026amp;C was absorbed by the B\u0026amp;O.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEarly on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHenry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHicks, W. Raymond. \"The West Virginia Central \u0026amp; Pittsburgh Railway. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43518154\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRice, Donald L. \"Coal \u0026amp; Coke Railway.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1337\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoss, Thomas Richard. \"Henry Gassaway Davis.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1711\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis","Henry Gassaway Davis (11/16/1823-03/11/1916) was a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.","He was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.","Davis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.","Davis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026C). The P\u0026C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.","Davis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026C, and C\u0026I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026C was absorbed by the B\u0026O.","Early on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.","Davis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.","Reluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.","Although retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.","Davis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.","Davis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.","Daughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.","Henry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.","Hicks, W. Raymond. \"The West Virginia Central \u0026 Pittsburgh Railway. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43518154","Lewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.","Rice, Donald L. \"Coal \u0026 Coke Railway.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1337","Ross, Thomas Richard. \"Henry Gassaway Davis.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1711"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0013, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, A\u0026M 0013, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e13, 717, 1028\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["13, 717, 1028"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong Davis's correspondents are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOlympian Robert S. Garrett \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes H.G. Davis's incoming business correspondence. It consists of daily communications from his managers related to the day-to-day operations of the Buxton and Landstreet Store (the company store), Coal and Coke Railroad, Davis Coal and Coke Company, Davis Colliery Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, and his other business concerns. There is also incoming correspondence from the Cumberland Valley, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and Ohio railroads, and numerous manufacturers and vendors. In addition to the business correspondence, some of Davis's personal and family correspondence is filed in this series as well, including materials regarding charity, financial solicitations, and other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes bank account books, bank account balance sheets, and bank statements for various H.G. Davis enterprises, including Davis and Trout, H.G. Davis and Company, H.G. Davis and Brother, and T.B. Davis and Company. In addition, there are sawmill accounts and other inventories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes day-to-day correspondence relating to the operation and conditions of the Davis Coal and Coke and the Davis Colliery companies coal mines and coke ovens. Other correspondence includes coal car availability, coal quality issues, estimates and costs for coal town construction, miners' wages, and the price of coal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers include construction estimates for railroad buildings and bridges, correspondence with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, correspondence with railroad construction contractors, memoranda of agreement between H.G. Davis and other railroads, miscellaneous financial statements, and papers regarding the formation of Seaboard Steam Coal Association (a coal producer syndicate). Other materials include deeds, maps, newspaper clippings regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and newspaper clippings regarding the 1916 death of H.G. Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous correspondence and letters, as well as deeds, financial statements, and memoranda of agreement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of these papers are bank statements for several banks including the Davis National Bank, Davis National Bank-Piedmont, Davis Trust Company, Elkins National Bank, Piedmont National Bank, Trust Company of West Virginia, Tucker County Bank, and the 1st National Bank of Elkins, as well as statements from the Davis Electric Light Company and various coal and coke production statements. There are also bank account books, blank checks, check registers, and check stubs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous business correspondence related to land acquisitions and railroads; miscellaneous banking, financial, and tax statements; various lawsuits and other litigation records; and documents regarding the Gassaway, West Virginia reservoir and water works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese documents are related to the Alexander Shaw v. H.G. Davis and the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company lawsuit, which concerned the construction of the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company. There are legal briefs, depositions, and testimony; financial statements for the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies; and other lawsuit related documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers include financial statements; correspondence regarding the Davis Children's Shelter; documents related to the design and construction of Graceland, including correspondence with Baldwin and Pennington (Graceland's architects); and obituary notices for the 1902 death of Katherine Bantz Davis, wife of H.G. Davis. Political papers include letters related to the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial celebration; correspondence and materials related to Davis's 1904 Vice Presidential nomination, such as congratulatory telegrams, and other Parker/Davis ticket papers; and other political letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes day-to-day correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies. Other records regard the Coal and Coke Railway, the Coal and Iron Railway (surveys and related documents), the Cookerly Farm Railroad War, the Pan-American Railroad commission, and the Potomac and Piedmont Coal Railway Company (1866 charter and related materials). There is also correspondence with other railroad companies, Shaw lawsuit materials, financial statements, payrolls for various farm and railroad departments, and materials regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence related to the \"Golden Jubilee,\" the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial, a celebration of the 50th anniversary of West Virginia's statehood. The correspondence regards the purchasing of American flags for each of West Virginia's fifty-five counties, the composition of a state poem and state song, and the appointment of West Virginia University Professor James Morton Callahan to author a semi-centennial history of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers are related to Thomas B. Davis's estate such as financial statements for his business concerns of H.G. Davis and Company and its successor H.G. Davis and Brother, as well as other estate related documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hospital and Church were both built in memory of H.G. Davis's wife Katherine Bantz Davis. The Hospital papers include financial reports, miscellaneous letters, and various pamphlets from other hospitals. The Church papers include correspondence from architects Harding and Upman, and various catalogs and documents relating to the church organ, seating, light fixtures, roofing, and ironwork.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers are related to the business concerns of H.G. Davis and his brother Thomas B. Davis. Materials include correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, deeds for their various railroads, railroad survey proposals and cost estimates, and real estate tax records. There are also employee rosters and payrolls for the Deer Park sawmill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese materials include correspondence related to the acquisition and sale of real estate, including timber and coal lands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains letter books of outgoing correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include correspondence from E.W.S. Moore (treasurer/secretary) and C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company. There is also outgoing correspondence from the President's Office regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese materials include H.G. Davis check stubs, 1896 Intercontinental Railway Commission Report, Hamilton Coal Company Stock Certificate Book, Hamilton Coal Company Minute Book, Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company letter books, Gassaway Development Company correspondence, and Gassaway Church correspondence. There are also C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) outgoing letters regarding Hamilton Coal Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company, the Coal and Iron Railroad, and the Coal and Coke Railway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized volumes include the Central Railway of Virginia (unrelated to the Virginia Central Railroad) Board of Directors ledger and route survey reports; Central Railroad of West Virginia (unrelated to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway) ledger and stockholders' minutes; newspaper clippings scrapbook (1884-1894); H.G. Davis's personal name and address books; C.M. Headley's (assistant to the president) outgoing correspondence (1893-1894); and West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission letter book (1911-1913).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.","Series include:  \nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29)  \nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33)  \nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48)  \nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62)  \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65)  \nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82)  \nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115)  \nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118)  \nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145)  \nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189)  \nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190)  \nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191)  \nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193)  \nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197)  \nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202)  \nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231)  \nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240)  \nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247)  \nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)","Among Davis's correspondents are:  \nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson  \nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson  \nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum  \nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard  \nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr.  \nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine  \nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice  \nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan  \nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden  \nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie  \nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz  \nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins  \nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr.  \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett  \nOlympian Robert S. Garrett  \nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore)  \nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman  \nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison  \nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss  \nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson  \nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna  \nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont  \nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage  \nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd  \nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas  \nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer  \nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle  \nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson  \nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller  \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray  \nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts  \nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer  \nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart  \nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees  \nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh  \nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney  \nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte  \nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom","This series includes H.G. Davis's incoming business correspondence. It consists of daily communications from his managers related to the day-to-day operations of the Buxton and Landstreet Store (the company store), Coal and Coke Railroad, Davis Coal and Coke Company, Davis Colliery Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, and his other business concerns. There is also incoming correspondence from the Cumberland Valley, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and Ohio railroads, and numerous manufacturers and vendors. In addition to the business correspondence, some of Davis's personal and family correspondence is filed in this series as well, including materials regarding charity, financial solicitations, and other topics.","This series includes bank account books, bank account balance sheets, and bank statements for various H.G. Davis enterprises, including Davis and Trout, H.G. Davis and Company, H.G. Davis and Brother, and T.B. Davis and Company. In addition, there are sawmill accounts and other inventories.","This series includes day-to-day correspondence relating to the operation and conditions of the Davis Coal and Coke and the Davis Colliery companies coal mines and coke ovens. Other correspondence includes coal car availability, coal quality issues, estimates and costs for coal town construction, miners' wages, and the price of coal.","These papers include construction estimates for railroad buildings and bridges, correspondence with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, correspondence with railroad construction contractors, memoranda of agreement between H.G. Davis and other railroads, miscellaneous financial statements, and papers regarding the formation of Seaboard Steam Coal Association (a coal producer syndicate). Other materials include deeds, maps, newspaper clippings regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and newspaper clippings regarding the 1916 death of H.G. Davis.","This series includes miscellaneous correspondence and letters, as well as deeds, financial statements, and memoranda of agreement.","The majority of these papers are bank statements for several banks including the Davis National Bank, Davis National Bank-Piedmont, Davis Trust Company, Elkins National Bank, Piedmont National Bank, Trust Company of West Virginia, Tucker County Bank, and the 1st National Bank of Elkins, as well as statements from the Davis Electric Light Company and various coal and coke production statements. There are also bank account books, blank checks, check registers, and check stubs.","This series includes miscellaneous business correspondence related to land acquisitions and railroads; miscellaneous banking, financial, and tax statements; various lawsuits and other litigation records; and documents regarding the Gassaway, West Virginia reservoir and water works.","These documents are related to the Alexander Shaw v. H.G. Davis and the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company lawsuit, which concerned the construction of the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company. There are legal briefs, depositions, and testimony; financial statements for the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies; and other lawsuit related documents.","Personal papers include financial statements; correspondence regarding the Davis Children's Shelter; documents related to the design and construction of Graceland, including correspondence with Baldwin and Pennington (Graceland's architects); and obituary notices for the 1902 death of Katherine Bantz Davis, wife of H.G. Davis. Political papers include letters related to the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial celebration; correspondence and materials related to Davis's 1904 Vice Presidential nomination, such as congratulatory telegrams, and other Parker/Davis ticket papers; and other political letters.","This series includes day-to-day correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway and the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway companies. Other records regard the Coal and Coke Railway, the Coal and Iron Railway (surveys and related documents), the Cookerly Farm Railroad War, the Pan-American Railroad commission, and the Potomac and Piedmont Coal Railway Company (1866 charter and related materials). There is also correspondence with other railroad companies, Shaw lawsuit materials, financial statements, payrolls for various farm and railroad departments, and materials regarding the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.","This series includes correspondence related to the \"Golden Jubilee,\" the 1913 West Virginia Semi-Centennial, a celebration of the 50th anniversary of West Virginia's statehood. The correspondence regards the purchasing of American flags for each of West Virginia's fifty-five counties, the composition of a state poem and state song, and the appointment of West Virginia University Professor James Morton Callahan to author a semi-centennial history of West Virginia.","These papers are related to Thomas B. Davis's estate such as financial statements for his business concerns of H.G. Davis and Company and its successor H.G. Davis and Brother, as well as other estate related documents.","The Hospital and Church were both built in memory of H.G. Davis's wife Katherine Bantz Davis. The Hospital papers include financial reports, miscellaneous letters, and various pamphlets from other hospitals. The Church papers include correspondence from architects Harding and Upman, and various catalogs and documents relating to the church organ, seating, light fixtures, roofing, and ironwork.","These papers are related to the business concerns of H.G. Davis and his brother Thomas B. Davis. Materials include correspondence related to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, deeds for their various railroads, railroad survey proposals and cost estimates, and real estate tax records. There are also employee rosters and payrolls for the Deer Park sawmill.","These materials include correspondence related to the acquisition and sale of real estate, including timber and coal lands.","This series contains letter books of outgoing correspondence.","These letters include correspondence from E.W.S. Moore (treasurer/secretary) and C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company. There is also outgoing correspondence from the President's Office regarding the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company.","These materials include H.G. Davis check stubs, 1896 Intercontinental Railway Commission Report, Hamilton Coal Company Stock Certificate Book, Hamilton Coal Company Minute Book, Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company letter books, Gassaway Development Company correspondence, and Gassaway Church correspondence. There are also C.M. Headley (assistant to the president) outgoing letters regarding Hamilton Coal Company, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company, the Coal and Iron Railroad, and the Coal and Coke Railway.","Oversized volumes include the Central Railway of Virginia (unrelated to the Virginia Central Railroad) Board of Directors ledger and route survey reports; Central Railroad of West Virginia (unrelated to the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway) ledger and stockholders' minutes; newspaper clippings scrapbook (1884-1894); H.G. Davis's personal name and address books; C.M. Headley's (assistant to the president) outgoing correspondence (1893-1894); and West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission letter book (1911-1913)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bececc3958fd8321627340a6836c39d7\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"persname_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":990,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:05:52.830Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wrapped account book","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2773"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2773"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"text":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book","Wrapped account book","Bound Volume Wrapped Ledger"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrapped account book","title_ssm":["Wrapped account book"],"title_tesim":["Wrapped account book"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrapped account book"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"containers_ssim":["Bound Volume Wrapped Ledger"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:00.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2773.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book","title_ssm":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1933","1853-1854"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1853-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Ame27u Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2773"],"text":["Mss. MsV Ame27u Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2773","Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book","Fauquier County (Va.)--History","Fauquier County (Va.)--History--19th century","Merchants--Virginia--Fauquier County","Merchants--Virginia--History--19th century","Account books","Journals (accounts)","450 p. : bound volume ; 42 cm.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Journal, 1853-1854, of an unidentified merchant at Salem [now Marshall] Fauquier County, Va. which was also used as an expense book, 1906- 1933.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Ame27u Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2773"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fauquier County (Va.)--History","Fauquier County (Va.)--History--19th century","Merchants--Virginia--Fauquier County","Merchants--Virginia--History--19th century","Account books","Journals (accounts)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fauquier County (Va.)--History","Fauquier County (Va.)--History--19th century","Merchants--Virginia--Fauquier County","Merchants--Virginia--History--19th century","Account books","Journals (accounts)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["450 p. : bound volume ; 42 cm."],"extent_ssm":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Journals (accounts)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853-1854, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853-1854, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJournal, 1853-1854, of an unidentified merchant at Salem [now Marshall] Fauquier County, Va. which was also used as an expense book, 1906- 1933.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Journal, 1853-1854, of an unidentified merchant at Salem [now Marshall] Fauquier County, Va. which was also used as an expense book, 1906- 1933."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:00.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wrapped ledger","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2675"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2675"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger"],"text":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger","Wrapped ledger","Wrapped Ledger"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrapped ledger","title_ssm":["Wrapped ledger"],"title_tesim":["Wrapped ledger"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrapped ledger"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"containers_ssim":["Wrapped Ledger"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T13:32:20.881Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2675","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2675.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bozarth and Warburton Ledger","title_ssm":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Alu4 Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2675"],"text":["Mss. MsV Alu4 Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2675","Bozarth and Warburton Ledger","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Lumber trade--United States--History","Merchants--Virginia--History--19th century","Merchants--Virginia--History--20th century","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","Account books","Ledgers (Accounting)","483 p. : bound volume ; 40 cm.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Mss. MsV Alu1  William A. Bozarth Account Book, 1910"," Mss. MsV Alu2  Bozarth Brothers Account Book, 1905-1908"," Mss. MsV Alu3  Bozarth Brothers Account Book  1907-1913"," Mss. MsV Alu5  Bozarth and Warburton Journal, 1907-1910"," Mss. MsV Ame7  Bozarth Brothers Journal, 1912-1913"," Mss. MsV Ame8  Bozarth Brothers Ledger, 1913-1916"," Mss. Acc. 2003.13 Bozarth Family Papers"," Mss. Acc. 1989.45-1  John N. Bozarth Account Books, 1925-1931","Ledger, 1898-1908, of Bozarth and Warburton, merchants and lumbermen of Williamsburg, Va. which includes the accounts of a potato brokerage (a business of William A. Bozarth and [?] Savage); and a lumber account, 1901, with the College of William and Mary).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBozarth and Warburton Ledger, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bozarth and Warburton Ledger, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. MsV Alu1  William A. Bozarth Account Book, 1910\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mss. MsV Alu2  Bozarth Brothers Account Book, 1905-1908\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mss. MsV Alu3  Bozarth Brothers Account Book  1907-1913\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mss. MsV Alu5  Bozarth and Warburton Journal, 1907-1910\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mss. MsV Ame7  Bozarth Brothers Journal, 1912-1913\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Mss. 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Bozarth and [?] Savage); and a lumber account, 1901, with the College of William and Mary).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Ledger, 1898-1908, of Bozarth and Warburton, merchants and lumbermen of Williamsburg, Va. which includes the accounts of a potato brokerage (a business of William A. Bozarth and [?] Savage); and a lumber account, 1901, with the College of William and Mary)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T13:32:20.881Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2675_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04_c24","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04_c24","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04_c24"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04_c24","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 4. Miscellaneous Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 4. Miscellaneous Papers"],"text":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","Series 4. Miscellaneous Papers","Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger","title_ssm":["Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907–1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrapped Package--Stock Certificate Ledger"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1569,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#23","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:31:34.560Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6183","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6183.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199135","title_ssm":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"title_tesim":["Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1977 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1977 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2298","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6183"],"text":["A\u0026M 2298","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6183","Ward Engineering Company Archives and Manuscripts","California","Charleston (W. Va.)","Charleston.","Mississippi River","Boating industry -- Charleston (W. Va.)","Boating industry -- Charleston (W. Va.)","Diaries and journals.","Rivers and river valleys.","Transportation","Business correspondence","No special access restriction applies.","2266","Records of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.","For additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.) \nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54. \nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)","Series include:  \nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53 \nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16 \nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73 \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4 \nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3 \nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2 \nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12 \nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1 \nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7 \nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3 \nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2 \nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)","This series includes correspondence, telegrams, advertisements, estimates, purchase orders, blue prints, etc. regarding the acquisition of equipment and supplies necessary for boat construction; arranged chronologically by year, alphabetically therein, for the years 1928-1931.","This series includes correspondence, bulletins, affidavits, bid solicitations, blue prints, etc. regarding requests for information, inspections, etc.","This series includes product advertisements, and paid invoices for supplies, equipment, shipping, etc. These records also give a snapshot of businesses in Charleston, WV in the early 20th century, as well as information on the Ward Estate.","This series includes cost charts for ward boats, material regarding investments, personal correspondence, and other material.","This series is confidential and can only be viewed 70 years after date of record creation. It includes correspondence and forms regarding workers compensation claims.","This series includes miscellaneous information on Ward boilers, a partial list of vessels built by Ward Engineering (1920-1929), equipment catalogs, patents for inventions of Charles E. Ward from the 1920s, and reprints of articles about Ward boats.","This series includes legal documents, title papers, reports, maps, blue prints, etc., regarding family and business affairs, such as real estate, insurance, and disposition of the Ward estate in the 1940s.","This series includes checks, deeds, leases, agreements, title reports, etc.","This series includes photographs, mostly of Ward engines and boats, and some of the Ward family (ca. 1890s-1920s); two scrapbooks of newspaper clippings regarding Ward Engineering and the Ward family (ca. 1897-1930s); two diaries kept by Charles E. Ward (1880s); and ledger containing a guest book from Ward's display and presentation in Machinery Hall at the Chicago World's Fair (1893), as well mathematical calculations for steam engine and ship design (1894-1913).","Photographs of boats include views of construction and close-ups of details, as well as photos of completed vessels on their launch date.","The diary of May 1883 to November 1884 is available on microfilm in A\u0026M No. 2266. Additional photographs of the Ward family may be found in A\u0026M 2267.","This subseries includes photographic prints that have curled over time and have been separated from the other photographs of this series due to preservation concerns.","This subseries includes the other photographic prints that have remained flat over time.","These negatives have been separated to secure storage.","These files were pulled by George Parkinson, former Head Curator of the WVRHC, to support the research and writing of an article he co-authored with Brooks McCabe, Jr. titled \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey: Regional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers.\" Included are a ribbon copy of his article, his research notes, as well as original material from the collection, such as correspondence, publications, photographs, etc. For citations of articles he coauthored, see \"Notes\" in the beginning of this inventory. Volume of the following files can vary from one to several items. Dating in this series usually refers to date of creation, sometimes content.","These documents record in detailed narrative the design features of various bids made by Ward Engineering and others for mostly towboats, but also for boilers, a cargo barge, a packet steamer, a floating drydock, a steel motor yacht, and a home for Charles E. Ward, among others.","This series includes hundreds of uncatalogued blueprints and maps, including blueprints of Ward's home in Charleston, West Virginia, various ships, locks and dams (including those completed under the Works Progress Administration), a low-rent housing project for the Huntington West Virginia Housing Authority, U.S. Corps of Engineering plans for the Ohio River, plans for the Wilson Dam in Alabama, and many other structures in West Virginia and other states and countries.","The glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.","An oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026M oversize collection under \"A\u0026M\n2298.\"","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin.","English \n.    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(178 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2.5 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 0.25 in.); (1 ledger, 1 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 in.); (map cabinets, 80 in.)"],"genreform_ssim":["Business correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ward Engineering Company, Archives and Manuscripts, A\u0026amp;M 2298, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Ward Engineering Company, Archives and Manuscripts, A\u0026M 2298, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2266\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2266"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence, telegrams, advertisements, estimates, purchase orders, blue prints, etc. regarding the acquisition of equipment and supplies necessary for boat construction; arranged chronologically by year, alphabetically therein, for the years 1928-1931.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence, bulletins, affidavits, bid solicitations, blue prints, etc. regarding requests for information, inspections, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes product advertisements, and paid invoices for supplies, equipment, shipping, etc. These records also give a snapshot of businesses in Charleston, WV in the early 20th century, as well as information on the Ward Estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes cost charts for ward boats, material regarding investments, personal correspondence, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is confidential and can only be viewed 70 years after date of record creation. It includes correspondence and forms regarding workers compensation claims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous information on Ward boilers, a partial list of vessels built by Ward Engineering (1920-1929), equipment catalogs, patents for inventions of Charles E. Ward from the 1920s, and reprints of articles about Ward boats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes legal documents, title papers, reports, maps, blue prints, etc., regarding family and business affairs, such as real estate, insurance, and disposition of the Ward estate in the 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes checks, deeds, leases, agreements, title reports, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, mostly of Ward engines and boats, and some of the Ward family (ca. 1890s-1920s); two scrapbooks of newspaper clippings regarding Ward Engineering and the Ward family (ca. 1897-1930s); two diaries kept by Charles E. Ward (1880s); and ledger containing a guest book from Ward's display and presentation in Machinery Hall at the Chicago World's Fair (1893), as well mathematical calculations for steam engine and ship design (1894-1913).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of boats include views of construction and close-ups of details, as well as photos of completed vessels on their launch date.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe diary of May 1883 to November 1884 is available on microfilm in A\u0026amp;M No. 2266. Additional photographs of the Ward family may be found in A\u0026amp;M 2267.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes photographic prints that have curled over time and have been separated from the other photographs of this series due to preservation concerns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes the other photographic prints that have remained flat over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese negatives have been separated to secure storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files were pulled by George Parkinson, former Head Curator of the WVRHC, to support the research and writing of an article he co-authored with Brooks McCabe, Jr. titled \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey: Regional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers.\" Included are a ribbon copy of his article, his research notes, as well as original material from the collection, such as correspondence, publications, photographs, etc. For citations of articles he coauthored, see \"Notes\" in the beginning of this inventory. Volume of the following files can vary from one to several items. Dating in this series usually refers to date of creation, sometimes content.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese documents record in detailed narrative the design features of various bids made by Ward Engineering and others for mostly towboats, but also for boilers, a cargo barge, a packet steamer, a floating drydock, a steel motor yacht, and a home for Charles E. Ward, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes hundreds of uncatalogued blueprints and maps, including blueprints of Ward's home in Charleston, West Virginia, various ships, locks and dams (including those completed under the Works Progress Administration), a low-rent housing project for the Huntington West Virginia Housing Authority, U.S. Corps of Engineering plans for the Ohio River, plans for the Wilson Dam in Alabama, and many other structures in West Virginia and other states and countries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of a Charleston, West Virginia, business which introduced to the western waters of the United States a new design of towboat whose essential features were water-tube boilers, multiple-expansion engines, and screw propulsion; thus replacing the traditional paddle wheel towboats that navigated the Ohio and Mississippi river systems. Charles Ward (1841-1915), a British engineer, who emigrated to Charleston in 1871, founded the industry and designed these new boats. This collection consists of business correspondence, U.S. Government business papers, company financial papers, compensation files, deeds, contracts, photographs, diaries, scrapbooks, charts, catalogs, information on ships, blueprints, maps, patents, biographical information, and more.","For additional information, consult:\nBobbitt, John M., \"In Pursuit of a Wild Goose,\" Nautical Research Journal, 42 (1997): 197-212 (Regarding research using the Ward ship drawings.) \nMcCabe, Brooks F., and George P. Parkinson, \"The 'Duncan Bruce': A Last Attempt to Revive\nthe Sternwheel Towboat.\" IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology, 4 (1978):\n43-54. \nParkinson, George P., and Brooks F. McCabe, \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey:\nRegional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers,\" West Virginia History, 39 (1978): 143-180. (This article is extensively footnoted with sources.)","Series include:  \nSeries 1. Business Correspondence (1928–1931), boxes: Series 1, Box 1-53 \nSeries 2. Business Correspondence -- U.S. Government (1926–1931), boxes: Series 2, Box 1-16 \nSeries 3. Company Financial Records (1917–1931), boxes: Series 3, Box 1-73 \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Papers (1906–1942), boxes: Series 4, Box 1-4 \nSeries 5. Compensation Claims (CONFIDENTIAL) (1925–1935), boxes: Series 5, Box 1-3 \nSeries 6. Boiler Information, Catalogs, Patents, and Reprints (1912–1930), boxes: Series 6, Box 1-2 \nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Business Records (1884, 1913-1955), boxes: Series 7, Box 1-12 \nSeries 8. Deeds and Contracts (ca. 1871-1935), box: Series 8, Box 1 \nSeries 9. Photographs, Scrapbooks, and Diaries (1883-1931), boxes: Series 9, Box 1-7 \nSeries 10. Research Files (1857-1953, 1975-1978), boxes: Series 10, Box 1-3 \nSeries 11. Specifications (1916-1931), boxes: Series 11, Box 1-2 \nSeries 12. Ship Drawings (1887–1931)\nSeries 13. Blueprints and Maps (circa 1900-1940)","This series includes correspondence, telegrams, advertisements, estimates, purchase orders, blue prints, etc. regarding the acquisition of equipment and supplies necessary for boat construction; arranged chronologically by year, alphabetically therein, for the years 1928-1931.","This series includes correspondence, bulletins, affidavits, bid solicitations, blue prints, etc. regarding requests for information, inspections, etc.","This series includes product advertisements, and paid invoices for supplies, equipment, shipping, etc. These records also give a snapshot of businesses in Charleston, WV in the early 20th century, as well as information on the Ward Estate.","This series includes cost charts for ward boats, material regarding investments, personal correspondence, and other material.","This series is confidential and can only be viewed 70 years after date of record creation. It includes correspondence and forms regarding workers compensation claims.","This series includes miscellaneous information on Ward boilers, a partial list of vessels built by Ward Engineering (1920-1929), equipment catalogs, patents for inventions of Charles E. Ward from the 1920s, and reprints of articles about Ward boats.","This series includes legal documents, title papers, reports, maps, blue prints, etc., regarding family and business affairs, such as real estate, insurance, and disposition of the Ward estate in the 1940s.","This series includes checks, deeds, leases, agreements, title reports, etc.","This series includes photographs, mostly of Ward engines and boats, and some of the Ward family (ca. 1890s-1920s); two scrapbooks of newspaper clippings regarding Ward Engineering and the Ward family (ca. 1897-1930s); two diaries kept by Charles E. Ward (1880s); and ledger containing a guest book from Ward's display and presentation in Machinery Hall at the Chicago World's Fair (1893), as well mathematical calculations for steam engine and ship design (1894-1913).","Photographs of boats include views of construction and close-ups of details, as well as photos of completed vessels on their launch date.","The diary of May 1883 to November 1884 is available on microfilm in A\u0026M No. 2266. Additional photographs of the Ward family may be found in A\u0026M 2267.","This subseries includes photographic prints that have curled over time and have been separated from the other photographs of this series due to preservation concerns.","This subseries includes the other photographic prints that have remained flat over time.","These negatives have been separated to secure storage.","These files were pulled by George Parkinson, former Head Curator of the WVRHC, to support the research and writing of an article he co-authored with Brooks McCabe, Jr. titled \"Charles Ward and the James Rumsey: Regional Innovation in Steam Technology on the Western Rivers.\" Included are a ribbon copy of his article, his research notes, as well as original material from the collection, such as correspondence, publications, photographs, etc. For citations of articles he coauthored, see \"Notes\" in the beginning of this inventory. Volume of the following files can vary from one to several items. Dating in this series usually refers to date of creation, sometimes content.","These documents record in detailed narrative the design features of various bids made by Ward Engineering and others for mostly towboats, but also for boilers, a cargo barge, a packet steamer, a floating drydock, a steel motor yacht, and a home for Charles E. Ward, among others.","This series includes hundreds of uncatalogued blueprints and maps, including blueprints of Ward's home in Charleston, West Virginia, various ships, locks and dams (including those completed under the Works Progress Administration), a low-rent housing project for the Huntington West Virginia Housing Authority, U.S. Corps of Engineering plans for the Ohio River, plans for the Wilson Dam in Alabama, and many other structures in West Virginia and other states and countries."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026amp;M oversize collection under \"A\u0026amp;M\n2298.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The glass plate negatives in boxes 5 and 6 of Series 9 were removed to secure storage.","An oversize portrait of Charles Ward was separated to the A\u0026M oversize collection under \"A\u0026M\n2298.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0ede1602fae5261e79d8ad08d3724a34\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin.","Ward, Charles","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company","Ward family","McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Ward Engineering Company"],"famname_ssim":["Ward family"],"persname_ssim":["McCabe, Brooks F., Jr., 1949-","Cebula, D. C.","Ward, Charles","Ward, Charles Edwin."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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