{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=17","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=18","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=62"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":17,"next_page":18,"prev_page":16,"total_pages":62,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":160,"total_count":614,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Football","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAF may include Scrub Football Team. AF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim. AF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company. AF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society. AF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned). AF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History). AF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association). AF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game). AF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics"],"text":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","University Athletics","Football","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\")."],"title_filing_ssi":"Football","title_ssm":["Football"],"title_tesim":["Football"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1892-1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892/1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Football"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":24,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":364,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\")."],"_nest_path_":"/components#33/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3151.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.006"],"text":["VerticalFile.006","Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History","The collection is open for research.","Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.","The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.","See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff collected materials for mounted clippings through the 1960s."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSee also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings):\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01185.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBiographical Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01042.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlacksburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2bfd88fb1d82a46fb92b3adac8eb3bf1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":440,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026amp; Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026amp; Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026amp; Country Ministers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAHr 223 may include Weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMasb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAV may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv may include Mall and President's Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club; and Masons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcon may include Community Concert Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 57 may include Russian Language Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde may include Accidents And Deaths.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMed 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMenr may include Freshmen and Orientation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026amp; Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026amp; Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026amp; Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026amp;).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026amp; 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026amp; Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026amp; Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026amp; No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026amp; Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026amp; Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026amp; Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026amp; Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026amp; Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 829 may include Racial \u0026amp; Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026amp; Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 367 may include Yells-VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026amp; Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026amp; Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 11 may include Student Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16 may include Honor System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z101 may include Carillon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026amp; Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 24 may include \"Skippers\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 33 may include Chemical Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026amp; Astronautics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 164 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMra may include Radford University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAB may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAT may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c34_c04"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection","Series VII: Belle Tyler McConnell Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection","Series VII: Belle Tyler McConnell Family Papers"],"text":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection","Series VII: Belle Tyler McConnell Family Papers","Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence"],"title_filing_ssi":"Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence","title_ssm":["Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1926, n. d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank P. McConnell incoming correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":555,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:02:20.551Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1239.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler, J. Hoge, Family Collection","title_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1802-1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1802-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1967.002"],"text":["Ms.1967.002","J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Executive Letter Books, 1898-1901. This subseries contains a compiled, bound set of Tyler's correspondence as governor. The correspondence does not seem to follow a strict arrangement. A set of notebooks, arranged in a rough alphabetical order, serves as an index to the letter books, with separate listings for incoming and outgoing correspondence. The numbering on the incoming letters has no relation to that on the outgoing letters. The index books are arranged alphabetically, while the letters themselves are divided between \"incoming\" and \"outgoing,\" then arranged numerically. (Note: Two books were originally bound in error, creating a mixed set of incoming and outgoing letters, which have been noted in the finding aid.)\n\nSubseries B: Subject Files, 1897-1901. Tyler's office seems to have maintained files relating to only a few issues with which he had to contend while governor. The series consists largely of files devoted to political appointments. These appointment files were not part of the original subject files but have been included here for convenience; they contain letters from applicants for appointment (or reappointment) to positions over which the governor had power of appointment, together with endorsements from interested parties. The subseries also contains files devoted to several controversies which arose during Tyler's administration and the use of the Virginia Volunteer Infantry to quell instances of civil unrest. These subject files have been assigned file titles and arranged in an artificial alphabetical order.\n\nSubseries C: Gubernatorial Campaign Canvass, 1897. The files in this subseries consist of political correspondence from contacts in various localities, arising from Tyler's 1897 gubernatorial campaign. Correspondents discuss local political activities, contacts, strategies, and outlooks. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries D:l Senatorial Campaign Canvass, 1899. Like Subseries III, this subseries contains correspondence from Tyler's local contacts throughout Virginia. The correspondence relates to Tyler's failed United States Senate campaign of 1899, with letters regarding insight into local political affairs and leaders. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries E: General political correspondence, 1870-1923. This subseries contains an extensive collection of Tyler's political correspondence. The letters originate from contacts throughout Virginia and beyond and relate to political activities and questions of the day (particularly bi-metallism in the late 19th century). The subseries also contains correspondence arising from Tyler's several political campaigns prior to 1897. (In these earlier contests, the correspondence was not sorted according to locality, but like the letters from those campaigns, these provide details on local political sentiments and leaders during the time period.) Letters relating to the 1897 and 1899 campaigns but not tied to any particular Virginia locality may also be found here, as may correspondence originating during Tyler's gubernatorial administration but not, for whatever reason, bound with the executive letter books. Apart from letters addressing the period's political questions, the letters also span the wide range of routine matters which one might expect to occupy the chief executive's time: invitations to address organizations, requests for personal favors, and pleas on behalf of prisoners. The political correspondence continues past Tyler's gubernatorial term, as he remained active in party politics and flirted with the idea of again running for office. Arranged chronologically, with copies of just a few pieces of Tyler's outgoing correspondences inter-filed with the incoming correspondence.\n\nSubseries F: Speeches, 1877-1907. Contained in this subseries is a collection of materials relating to political speeches delivered by Tyler. The speech drafts are largely undated and fairly illegible. Drafts of other speeches by Tyler may be found in Series II, Subseries VII and in Series III, Subseries II. Arranged chronologically.\n\nSubseries G: Printed Materials, 1874-1922. This subseries contains a number of pamphlets and speech texts relating to numerous state and political issues, particularly Virginia's state debt and the controversy over bi-metallism. Also relating to politics, particularly various political races, is a collection of newspaper clippings. The subseries also includes a few political broadsides and flyers, announcing such things as slates of political speakers. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries H: General Materials, 1865-1901. Completing the series, this small subseries contains materials relating to the 1889 Virginia Democratic Convention, various voter contact lists from 1899, Tyler's notebook from that same campaign, notebooks containing the names of Virginia notaries public and commissioners of deeds, and some miscellaneous political notes made by Tyler. Arranged by document type, then chronologically. \n\n","Subseries A: Presbyterian Church, 1866-1925. This subseries contains materials relating to Tyler's involvement in the Presbyterian Church, both locally and nationally, through his service as a church elder and his position on the boards of the Union Theological Seminary and the Synodical Orphans Home in Lynchburg, Virginia. Correspondence within the subseries relates to these activities and to Tyler's involvement with other church-related educational institutions within Virginia, the temperance movement, and participation in various church councils. The subseries also includes drafts of various church-related addresses made by Tyler, as well as printed material and ephemera. Also included are two unidentified church record books, probably from Radford Presbyterian Church. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries B: Genealogy, 1876-1948. The materials in this subseries relate to J. Hoge Tyler's interest in his family's history, including the Hoge, Tyler and other extended family lines. The subseries includes letters from other genealogists, as well as two genealogy manuscripts by Tyler and a collection of family history-related newspaper clippings and notes. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Correspondence, 1860-1924. This subseries contains the uncategorized personal correspondence of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to many of Tyler's wide-ranging interests, so many of the letters contain references to politics and business activities. Included among the correspondence are requests for Tyler to use his influence on behalf of relatives and acquaintances, as well letters relating to his involvement with the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. A large percentage of the letters here are from members of Tyler's large extended family. (Invitations received by the Tylers may be found in Subseries VII, and letters received from his children may be found in the various series devoted to each offspring.) The subseries contains a relatively small number of drafts of Tyler's outgoing correspondence, arranged chronologically. Incoming correspondence has been arranged alphabetically by surname.\n\nSubseries D: Sue Hammet Tyler Papers, 1865-1927. This subseries contains the correspondence of Sue Hammet Tyler, wife of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence is overwhelmingly personal in nature, though some of the letters touch upon Governor Tyler's political and business interests. Included here are letters written by Mrs. Tyler to her husband, children and others. Among the incoming letters are letters from extended family members, including the Heths, Prestons, Capertons and others. Also included among the incoming correspondence are the many letters of condolence she received upon the governor's death. (For a set of farm operation reports made to Mrs. Tyler, see Series III, Subseries II.)\n\nSubseries E: Scrapbooks, 1871-1925. The first two scrapbooks in this series, devoted entirely to newspaper clippings and covering the years 1871-1900, are invaluable in tracking Tyler's political career, containing as they do articles, editorials, letters to the editor, texts from speeches, and articles about his activities, campaigns and gubernatorial administration. The third scrapbook (1901-1919) details the latter part of Tyler's term as governor, while the remainder is devoted to his later political activities and to personal activities and interests. A fourth scrapbook features newspaper articles and tributes following Tyler's death (pasted in a ledger containing minutes (1896-1898) of the finance committee of an unidentified organization (possibly the Radford Trust Company)). The subseries also contains a number of loose items which were removed from scrapbooks 1-3. The four scrapbooks are arranged chronologically, with the loose materials completing the subseries.\n\nSubseries F: Printed Materials, 1887-1929. The printed materials included in this subseries relate to a wide range of Tyler's personal interests. Included are texts of speeches by others; several pamphlets regarding European railways; a booklet from the 1900 reunion of the Army of the Potomac; an 1888 promotional publication for Radford, Virginia; an 1899 issue of  The Goodson Gazette  (published by the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind); and a copy of the Radford newspaper detailing Tyler's death. The subseries also contains a collection of newspaper clippings which include poetry, obituaries and articles of general interest.\n\nSubseries G: General materials, 1868-1926. Contained within this subseries are other personal papers of the Tylers that did not belong in other subseries. Included here is a file of third-party correspondence belonging to individuals not represented elsewhere in the collection, including letters written by James Hoge, R. S. Hoge, Laura Fitzhugh Preston, Eliza Hoge Tyler, Henry Tyler and others. Also included here are the many invitations and calling cards received by the Tyler family. Tyler's service as food administrator for the Federal Food Administration in Radford and Montgomery County during World War I is represented in a collection of FDA forms and publications. Also included here are drafts of talks delivered by Tyler on a variety of subjects to various schools and organizations. A collection of miscellaneous materials completes the subseries and includes death notices, notes, Tyler's American Red Cross state board certificates, poetry, advertising matter, a broadside announcing the sale of Plumer Memorial Female College, and other ephemera.\n\n","Subseries A: Business Concerns, 1882-1922. This subseries contains papers originating from the many business ventures in which Tyler engaged but is devoted largely to his Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company. Also of particular interest are a set of ledgers from a store Tyler operated at Belle Hampton. The subseries is arranged alphabetically by name of company, then by document type, then chronologically. (Tyler also recorded business transactions in ledgers that had once belonged to members of the Hammet family. These ledgers may be found in Series XI, Subseries I and III.)\n\nSubseries B: Agriculture, 1874-1914. This subseries is devoted to Tyler's short-horn cattle business and other agricultural pursuits. It includes correspondence, cattle pedigrees and registrations. It also includes drafts of speeches delivered before agricultural organizations, business records from his farm, printed materials relating to agriculture and farming implements, and a few miscellaneous documents. (Papers relating to the 1902 Southwest Virginia Livestock Fair, with which Tyler was involved, may be found in Series IX.) Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Business and Personal Financial Papers, 1862-1923. Within this subseries is correspondence relating to other business activities of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to financial transactions, property sales and rentals, the Hammet estate, bank accounts, business proposals (including a proposed railway from Charleston, South Carolina to Radford), letters of introduction, and others arising from Tyler's myriad business interests. The correspondence also includes letters regarding Tyler's household financial matters, including a number of letters regarding renovations to Halwick, the family home. Also relating to routine financial affairs of the household are receipts, account statements, personal checks, and a ledger. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\n","Sigma Chi Quarterly","Subseries A: Personal Papers, 1885-1941. Among the personal papers of Stockton Heth Tyler in this subseries is a collection of his correspondence, largely consisting of letters written to other members of the Tyler family. The subseries also contains letters written by his wife and children to their Tyler relatives. Arranged by correspondent, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Spanish-American War Records, 1898-1899. This subseries contains military records retained by Major Stockton Heth Tyler while serving as an additional paymaster in the U. S. Army during the Spanish-American War. The subseries contains various forms relating to pay for individual officers and enlisted personnel in more than 30 different units and includes reimbursement vouchers, pay vouchers, discharge statements, and company payrolls. Also included are records of other paymaster transactions, official correspondence, and a collection of orders from the adjutant general's office. The subseries is arranged by document type, with documents relating to specific individuals or units being arranged alphabetically, while other documents are arranged chronologically. \n\n","Subseries A: Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson Papers, 1889-1954. This subseries includes Lily Tyler Wilson's personal correspondence, largely consisting of letters to other members of the Tyler family. Also among her personal papers are a 1909 diary and a typescript compilation of her poetry. Lily Wilson's interest in the theatre is documented in a scrapbook devoted to the stage stars and productions she had seen, while a second chronicles other general interests. The subseries includes a large number of dance cards, many from events held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the early 1900s. Also included here are a file of papers (correspondence and published writings) of Henry H. Wilson, as well as materials relating to Wilson's interest in genealogy and printed materials relating to civil engineering and road construction. Within the subseries may also be found a small set of the couple's legal papers; additional printed materials consisting of religious tracts and newspaper clippings of personal interest; and a folder of miscellaneous materials. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: James Hoge Tyler Wilson Papers, 1918-1950. Comprising this subseries is a small collection of the papers of James Hoge Tyler Wilson (1916-1994), son of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson, graduate of the University of Virginia, World War II Army Air Services pilot, Virginia Tech instructor, and attorney. The subseries consists of two folders of miscellanea, including a devotional book for military personnel and a small selection of correspondence.\n\nSubseries C: Lily Norwood Wilson Papers, 1924-1956. This subseries contains the papers of Lily Norwood Tyler, daughter of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson. Included among the papers is a collection of personal correspondence, as well as a baby book and memorabilia from Wilson's school years (at the Seiler School (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania); St. Catherine's School (Richmond, Virginia); and Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)) and a 1930s European tour. The subseries also contains event invitations and programs, together with papers relating to the British War Relief Society and Wilson's service as secretary of the Radford, Virginia chapter during the 1930s and 1940s. Also included is a folder of miscellaneous materials containing notes, reports, printed materials and ephemera.\n\n","Subseries A: William Henry Hammet Papers, 1832-1878. Contained within this small subseries are papers of W. H. Hammet, a Washington County, Mississippi plantation owner and congressman. The subseries includes personal and business correspondence, as well as other business papers, including an account book and account statements, estate documents, and lists of slaves on an unidentified plantation. In addition to the papers is a physician's account book, containing entries from Vicksburg and Lammermoor, Mississippi and dating from 1836 to 1851. (The ledger also contains day book account entries of J. Hoge Tyler from 1881 to 1885). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Edward Hammet Papers, 1832-1892. This subseries contains the papers of Col. Edward Hammet, a prominent landowner of Radford, Virginia, and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The series contains papers relating to financial affairs of Lammermoor as well as personal and business correspondence together with legal and financial documents (some of which relate to the lands of John Heavin (Haven) on Plum Creek in Montgomery County, Virginia). Also found here are documents retained by J. Hoge Tyler, acting as executor of Hammet's will. Arranged by subject matter, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: James Preston Hammet Papers, 1856-1879. Within this series may be found the papers of James Preston Hammet (son of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet), Montgomery County, Virginia physician and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The papers include correspondence relating to personal matters, medical patients, Lammermoor Plantation, and other financial and legal matters. The subseries also includes two pocket diaries containing miscellaneous notes, some seemingly related to the management of Lammermoor Plantation. A separate ledger contains additional records of Lammermoor and appears to document the daily work of the plantation's slaves and freedmen (much of the information in the ledger has been obscured by newspaper clippings relating to Virginia politics later pasted into the book, probably by J. Hoge Tyler). Other papers within the subseries detail the plantation's accounts, including those with freedmen. The subseries also includes papers relating Hammet's other business, legal and personal financial matters. Hammet's medical practice is detailed in two ledgers and a folder of papers containing account and patient records (including calls on freedmen patients). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries D: Isabella Hammet Heth Family Papers, 1861-1913. This subseries contains the letters of Isabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet) and her husband, Major Stockton Heth. The subseries includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of both Heths. Divided by correspondent, then arranged chronologically.\n\n","James Hoge Tyler, Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born at the Tyler family farm, \"Blenheim,\" in Caroline County, Virginia on August 11, 1846. He was the son of George Tyler (1817-1889), a representative of Caroline County, and Eliza Hoge (1815-1846), daughter of General James Hoge. His mother having died during his birth, the young James Hoge Tyler was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge at \"Hayfield,\" their Pulaski County home. Tyler was educated in Pulaski County before attending the school of Franklin Minor in Albermarle County. ","(George Tyler (1817-1889), father of James H., married four times: First to Jane De Jarnette (1820-1841)--the couple's only child died in childhood. Eliza Hoge (1815-1846) was Tyler's second wife, the future governor being their only child. Tyler married third Jane Quisenberry. The couple had two children: George William Tyler (married Mary Stuart Carter) and Nannie Brown Tyler (married John Washington). By his fourth wife, Julia Magruder (1837-1873), Tyler fathered six children: Henry Magruder Tyler, Mary Adams Taylor, Julia Magruder Tyler (married James Armistead Otey), Lucinda Coleman Tyler, Evelyn Tyler (married John J. Miller), John Tyler and William Elliot (married Burnley Redd).)","Tyler left school at the age of 16 to join the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. (His later rank of \"major\" was apparently a post-war honorific.) After the war, Tyler returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He would rename the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer, raising Durham cattle and serving as president of the Virginia Stock Farmers' Institute and of the Southwest Virginia Live Stock Association. His other business interests would come to include a store, a gristmill, a sawmill, the Belle Hampton Coal Mining Company (sold in 1902 to a New York company), and the Radford Development Company. ","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, who built the first home in what it now Radford, Virginia), a native of Radford, on November 16, 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe, who died in infancy. In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","In 1877, Tyler was elected to the state senate, serving one term and advocating retrenchment and reform. He maintained an active role in civic affairs, serving on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and on the state debt commission. During the 1880s, he mounted two unsuccessful congressional campaigns. Tyler also launched an unsuccessful bid for governor in 1889 but secured the second place on the Democratic ticket that year and served as lieutenant governor from 1890 to 1894. While serving as lieutenant governor, Tyler again ran for the governorship in 1893, losing to Charles T. O'Ferrall. In 1897, Tyler successfully campaigned for governor and served from 1898 to 1902.","Tyler's gubernatorial administration was marked by a concern with adjustment of Virginia's state debt. He was a strong supporter of bi-metallism, and was a personal friend of William Jennings Bryan. The American Historical Society's  History of Virginia  (1926) summarized Tyler's governorship thus: ","Governor Tyler's administration was marked by the settlement of the long vexed oyster question, for it was largely through his efforts that the LeCato bill was made effective and the oyster beds of the state made to yield an income to the state instead of an annual deficit. As governor he secured the reduction of taxes and the state debt and the increase of the public school fund and the literary fund. Other measures credited to his administration are the establishment of the Farm Bureau, the reorganization of the agricultural department, a conditional pardon system and the settlement of the Virginia-Tennessee boundary question.","While serving as governor, Tyler launched an unsuccessful campaign for the U. S. Senate seat of incumbent Thomas S. Martin. His unsuccessful 1899 campaign would be Tyler's last, though he would continue to be somewhat active in state politics, playing the role of elder statesman and considering various pleas that he again seek office. During World War I, he served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County.","A Presbyterian, Tyler served as a ruling elder and moderator of the Synod of Virginia. He founded the Presbyterian church in East Radford, the area's first brick church. Three times he represented his church in the Presbyterian General Assembly. He also served twice as a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council--once in Toronto, Canada and once in Glasgow, Scotland. He also served on the boards of trustees of the church-affiliated Hampden-Sidney College, Union Theological Seminary, and Synodical Orphans Home at Lynchburg. ","James Hoge Tyler died on January 3, 1925; Sue Hammet Tyler, born July 16, 1845, died on April 24, 1927.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler was born on December 15, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and served in Radford's local defense regiment, the Radford Rifles, during the late 19th century. Tyler remained a bachelor throughout his life and managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County, Virginia). He died on March 22, 1939 in Radford. ","James Hoge Tyler Jr. was born on December 8, 1871. He attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College, where he was a member of the Sigma Sigma chapter of Sigma Chi fraternity. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (daughter of A. O. Bell) on June 23, 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke. The Tylers had no children. Evelyn died in Wilmington (Fluvanna County), Virginia around 1924. At the time of his wife's death, Tyler was living in Radford, paralyzed by a stroke; he died in 1937. ","Born on September 13, 1874, Stockton Heth Tyler was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell (born June 10, 1878) on November 16, 1904; the couple had five children: Goldsborough Serpell, James Hoge III, Sue Hammet, Nell Serpell, Stockton Jr., and Gulielma Serpell. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. He died on September 5, 1943.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler was born March 9, 1876. She married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (born July 1, 1870) of Talladega, Alabama on November 16, 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived initially in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises (including a Bonanza, Arkansas newspaper), before returning by 1927 to Radford. The son of Confederate Colonel William Kennedy McConnell, Frank McConnell commanded the Alabama National Guard's Third Regiment for four years. He was also an active member of Kappa Alpha fraternity, serving as general purser. Frank McConnell died on September 21, 1941; Lucy Belle McConnell on February 4, 1955.","Sue Hampton Tyler was born April 9, 1877. She married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, on December 16, 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert (1918-1920), and they resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia, where she died in 1949.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler was born in Pulaski County, Virginia on December 10, 1878. He attended St. Alban's Academy in Radford and Richmond College before graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. Admitted to the Virginia bar that same year, Tyler returned to Radford, where he established a law practice. In 1906, Tyler was appointed Radford's commonwealth attorney. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. In private practice, Tyler generally handled corporate law, including the legal affairs of the Belle Hampton Coal Company. Tyler also engaged in other businesses, being president of the Radford Hotel Corporation and the Radford Real Estate and Development Company. A Democrat, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925 and on the Radford School Board. He was a member of the American, Virginia and several county bar associations; Phi Delta Phi; Kappa Sigma; and Radford's rotary and golf clubs. He was also a superintendent of the Old Brick Presbyterian Church in Radford and later an elder in Radford's Central Presbyterian Church. Unmarried, Tyler died in Radford on December 1, 1941.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler was born on September 7, 1882; she married Henry Harrison Wilson (born January 15, 1885) on June 16, 1915. The couple eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler, Lily Norwood and Henry Harrison II. Born in Cumberland County, Virginia on January 15, 1882, Wilson graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1906 with a BS in engineering. He served as an instructor in civil engineering at the university while earning a civil engineering degree the following year. Wilson worked on various projects before being employed from 1908 to 1911 by Winston \u0026 Company, contractors for the Ashokan dams in New York. In 1914, he became a special partner in the company's highway and railway construction and in operation of its crushed stone business. Specializing in bridge and other construction work, Wilson became managing partner in 1925 of Winston Brothers Company \u0026 H. H. Wilson. He was also president and treasurer of the Lime Bluff Company, director of All States Life Insurance and the Peoples Bank of Radford, Virginia. He was elected president of the Associated Pennsylvania Constructors in 1924 and vice-president of the Association of General Contractors of America in 1922. A member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Wilson published several articles on highway construction and edited  Highway Builder . A descendant of Declaration of Independence signer Benjamin Harrison, Wilson maintained an interest in genealogy. He died in Baltimore, Maryland on May 31, 1933. Following his death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home. ","Colonel Edward Hammet was the father of Sue Hammet Tyler. Arriving in the area of what is now Radford, Virginia in the 1830s, Hammet married Clementina Craig, who had inherited the Norwood property, near (or on) what is now Radford University, from her father, James Craig. Edward and Clementina had several children, including James Preston, Isabella (married Stockton Heth), John Radford, and Susan (married James Hoge Tyler). The Hammets maintained ownership of lands in Washington and Issaquena counties, Mississippi.","William Henry Hammet / Hammett (1799-1865), brother of Edward Hammet, was born in County Cork, Ireland. He served as chaplain of the University of Virginia (1832-1834) and the Virginia House of Delegates before moving to Princeton, Mississippi. In 1837, he married the widow of Dr. James Metcalfe and became owner of the Lammermoor plantation. A Democrat, Hammet served in Congress from 1843-1845. Evidence within the collection suggests that Hammet was a physician. He died in Washington County, Mississippi and was buried on Lammermoor Plantation.","James Preston Hammet (1832-1829), son of Edward Hammet and a graduate of Virginia Military Institute (class of 1853) studied medicine at the University of Virginia and in Philadelphia. He married Katherine Markham Spiller in 1856; their daughter would marry Judge G. E. Cassel of Radford, Virginia. At the commencement of the Civil War, Hammet organized the \"New River Grays,\" which became Company H, 24th Virginia Infantry, but resigned early in the war. By 1864, he was a Montgomery County, Virginia surgeon, serving on the county's committee of public safety.","Isabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth, daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, was born in 1842. She married Captain Stockton Heth, who had served in the 18th Virginia Infantry. Heth, president of the Exchange Bank of Radford, also owned Whitethorne Plantation in Montgomery County, Virginia. The couple's children included Virginia C., Stockton Jr., Sally P., and Sue H. Isabella died in 1910 and is buried in Radford, Virginia. ","Very little information could be found on the Sifford family, and it remains unclear why the family's papers were within those of the Tylers. The Siffords were Pulaski County farmers, so it may be assumed there was a relationship with the Hoge family. In 1818, Harman Sifford and John Hoge purchased from Cornelius Brown lands on Back and Neck creeks. George W. H. Sifford, perhaps the son of Harman Sifford, married Elizabeth Loukes on September 8, 1838, and the couple had four children: Henry, Rufus, Joseph, and Mary. During the Civil War, Sifford served in the 4th Regiment of the Virginia Reserves, probably in Company C, the Pulaski Reserves. Several other family members also seem to have served in the Confederate Army, including Henry S. and Joseph (sons of George W. H.), who both served in the 54th Virginia Infantry.","Sources:","Howe, Daniel Dunbar,  Listen to the mockingbird: the life and times of a pioneer Virginia family  (Boyce, VA: Carr, 1961).","Tyler, James Hoge,  The family of Hoge: a genealogy  ([Greensboro, NC: J. J. Stone and Co.], 1927).","The guide to the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection commenced in January 2004 and was completed in August 2007. Some earlier work on the collection had been performed from 1967 to 1969 and 1971 to 1972.","This collection contains the papers of James Hoge Tyler, Virginia state senator (1877-1879), lieutenant governor (1890-1894), governor (1898-1902), businessman, church elder, genealogist, and resident of Radford, Virginia. The collection includes Tyler's correspondence as governor, including a set of bound letter books. Also among the political correspondence are a set of subject files, largely relating to political appointments directly under the governor's control but also touching on some of the issues with which Tyler's administration was concerned. Complementing this official correspondence is a voluminous collection of incoming political correspondence, spanning the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, much of it devoted to Tyler's 1897 and 1899 campaigns, but also including references to the political atmosphere in Virginia and the national political issues of the day. ","Within Tyler's personal papers are files relating to his involvement in the Presbyterian Church, particularly his service on the boards of various church-related institutions and in various church councils, as well as his leadership in Radford's Presbyterian Church. Tyler's interest in genealogy is documented in a small set of correspondence from other researchers, together with two of his own typescript manuscripts and printed materials. Also within the personal papers is a large collection of incoming correspondence to both J. Hoge and Sue Hammet Tyler. Much of this correspondence is from members of his very large extended Hoge and Tyler families and relates to personal matters, though many of the letters also touch on political and business matters. Though housed among the personal papers, a collection of scrapbooks provides an exhaustive chronicle of Tyler's political career, largely through newspaper clippings.","Tyler's business pursuits are well documented in a collection of correspondence, ledgers, and legal papers. Among these records are those of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company, together with records of Tyler's agricultural interests. Also among the business papers are documents relating to Tyler's personal financial activities, including such routine documents as personal checks and receipts.","Of the papers of Tyler's children, perhaps the most significant are those of Stockton Heth Tyler, an army paymaster during the Spanish-American War. In addition to S. Heth Tyler's personal papers are paymaster records which he retained after the war. The papers include payroll records for a number of units and individuals.","Also among the papers of Tyler's children are those of Edward H. Tyler, a Pulaski County, Virginia farmer; Belle Tyler McConnell, whose husband, Frank, was a prominent banker and businessman of Arkansas and Virginia; and Lily Tyler Wilson, whose husband, Henry, was a civil engineer and road contractor in Pennsylvania. ","The collection also includes the papers of members of the Hammet family of Mississippi and Virginia. Among these papers are a number of items relating to the affairs of Lammermoor Plantation in Mississippi, including materials concerning the ante bellum operation of the plantation, and later, accounts with the freedmen employed there. Also included among the Hammet papers are the account books of James P. Hammet, a physician of Montgomery County, Virginia.","A small collection of papers belonging to the Sifford family of Pulaski County, Virginia, are included as well and relate to the family's personal activities and business/legal interests. Included among the papers is a small notebook providing the names and birth dates of slaves on an unidentified farm.","Completing the collection is a large collection of photos, including both studio portraits and snapshots of the Tylers, extended family members and friends.","The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:  Clark, Champ,  The Philippine problem  (Washington, D.C.: [Government Printing Office], 1900). Goodwin, W. P.,  Experience of an old soldier in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1862 to 1865  (Bowling Green, VA: Echo Printing, 1907). Gray, Horace,  An Address on the life character and influence of Chief Justice Marshall  (Washington, D.C.: Pearson Printing Office, 1901). Haggard, H. Rider,  King Solomon's mines  (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]). Jamestown Official Photograph Corporation,  The Jamestown Exposition illustrated  (New York: Press of I. H. Blanchard Co., 1907). John Warwick Daniel, late a senator from Virginia : memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States  (Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1911). Johnston, Mattie Reed,   Six prayers; or, the soul's reflector  (Richmond, VA: Whittet \u0026 Shepperson, 1899). Mann, William Hodges,   Proclamation by the Governor of Virginia, 1910 . McBride, J. F.,  The Higher officials of the United States and buildings where all laws are made  (Chicago: J. F. McBride \u0026 Co., 1894). Memorial addresses on the life and character of William H. F. Lee (a representative from Virginia) delivered in the House of Representatives and in the Senate ...  (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1892). Military show: program and guide to exhibits  ([Fort Snelling, MN: Fort Snelling, 1928]). Official Army Register for 1899  (Washington: Adjutant General's Office, 1899). People and Politics  ([Roanoke, VA: Stone Printing and Manufacturing, 19--?]). Settlement of the debt of the state of Virginia : under the bondholders' agreement of May 12, 1890 ...  ([New York : Bondholders' Committee, 1892]). Smith, Orlando,  The Agreement between science and religion   (New York: C. P. Farrell, [c1906]). Society of the Army of the Potomac,   Proceedings of the thirty-first annual reunion, held at Fredericksburg, May 25th \u0026 26th, 1900   (New York: McGowan \u0026 Slipper, 1900). Southworth, Emma D. E. N.   Sybil Brotherton  (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]). Thomas Staples Martin (late a senator from Virginia): memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States...  (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922). Tyler, James Hoge,   The Family of Hoge : a genealogy  ([Greensboro, NC]: James Fulton Hoge, 1927). Virginia: its agricultural and industrial resources  ([Richmond: Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Immigration, 1914]). Young, Isabel N.,   The Hawaiian Islands; and, the story of pineapple  (New York : Home Economics Dept., American Can Co., [1935]).","The following items were transferred to the Newspapers Collection: The Alexandria Times  (Alexandria, Virginia), May 29, 1897. Midland Virginian  (Palmyra, Virginia), April 7, 1898.","The following item was transferred to the Historical Maps Collection: A Historical map of Virginia  (Richmond, VA: GHQ Committee, Kappa Alpha Order, 1925).","An oil painting of J. Hoge Tyler and his daughter Lily (Eliza Tyler Wilson) is part of this collection. See Art-359. Due to its size, it is housed separately in the art collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler, including official, business and personal correspondence, printed materials, scrapbooks, and ledgers; papers of Tyler's children (Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Belle Tyler McConnell, Sue Tyler Jopling, Hal C. and Lily Tyler Wilson); business records (including records of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and Radford Development Company), genealogical materials, Spanish-American War army pay records, and photographs. Also includes papers of members of the Hammet and Sifford families.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1967.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family"],"creator_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925"],"creator_famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","J. Hoge Tyler family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection was acquired by Newman Library in several installments. The nucleus of the collection, including the early correspondence of the Hammet and Tyler families and the business correspondence and ledgers of J. Hoge Tyler, was donated by Mrs. Sue Tyler Thomas in 1967. In 1972, J. Hoge Tyler Wilson donated approximately two thousand pieces of political and other correspondence dating from 1890 to 1901. Later in 1972, Mr. Wilson withdrew from temporary deposit at the University of Virginia Library a sizeable collection of Tyler papers, including gubernatorial correspondence, and donated them to Virginia Tech. Additions to the collection were made through several dealer purchases in the 1970s and 1980s."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42 Cubic Feet 85 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["42 Cubic Feet 85 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Executive Letter Books, 1898-1901. This subseries contains a compiled, bound set of Tyler's correspondence as governor. The correspondence does not seem to follow a strict arrangement. A set of notebooks, arranged in a rough alphabetical order, serves as an index to the letter books, with separate listings for incoming and outgoing correspondence. The numbering on the incoming letters has no relation to that on the outgoing letters. The index books are arranged alphabetically, while the letters themselves are divided between \"incoming\" and \"outgoing,\" then arranged numerically. (Note: Two books were originally bound in error, creating a mixed set of incoming and outgoing letters, which have been noted in the finding aid.)\n\nSubseries B: Subject Files, 1897-1901. Tyler's office seems to have maintained files relating to only a few issues with which he had to contend while governor. The series consists largely of files devoted to political appointments. These appointment files were not part of the original subject files but have been included here for convenience; they contain letters from applicants for appointment (or reappointment) to positions over which the governor had power of appointment, together with endorsements from interested parties. The subseries also contains files devoted to several controversies which arose during Tyler's administration and the use of the Virginia Volunteer Infantry to quell instances of civil unrest. These subject files have been assigned file titles and arranged in an artificial alphabetical order.\n\nSubseries C: Gubernatorial Campaign Canvass, 1897. The files in this subseries consist of political correspondence from contacts in various localities, arising from Tyler's 1897 gubernatorial campaign. Correspondents discuss local political activities, contacts, strategies, and outlooks. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries D:l Senatorial Campaign Canvass, 1899. Like Subseries III, this subseries contains correspondence from Tyler's local contacts throughout Virginia. The correspondence relates to Tyler's failed United States Senate campaign of 1899, with letters regarding insight into local political affairs and leaders. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries E: General political correspondence, 1870-1923. This subseries contains an extensive collection of Tyler's political correspondence. The letters originate from contacts throughout Virginia and beyond and relate to political activities and questions of the day (particularly bi-metallism in the late 19th century). The subseries also contains correspondence arising from Tyler's several political campaigns prior to 1897. (In these earlier contests, the correspondence was not sorted according to locality, but like the letters from those campaigns, these provide details on local political sentiments and leaders during the time period.) Letters relating to the 1897 and 1899 campaigns but not tied to any particular Virginia locality may also be found here, as may correspondence originating during Tyler's gubernatorial administration but not, for whatever reason, bound with the executive letter books. Apart from letters addressing the period's political questions, the letters also span the wide range of routine matters which one might expect to occupy the chief executive's time: invitations to address organizations, requests for personal favors, and pleas on behalf of prisoners. The political correspondence continues past Tyler's gubernatorial term, as he remained active in party politics and flirted with the idea of again running for office. Arranged chronologically, with copies of just a few pieces of Tyler's outgoing correspondences inter-filed with the incoming correspondence.\n\nSubseries F: Speeches, 1877-1907. Contained in this subseries is a collection of materials relating to political speeches delivered by Tyler. The speech drafts are largely undated and fairly illegible. Drafts of other speeches by Tyler may be found in Series II, Subseries VII and in Series III, Subseries II. Arranged chronologically.\n\nSubseries G: Printed Materials, 1874-1922. This subseries contains a number of pamphlets and speech texts relating to numerous state and political issues, particularly Virginia's state debt and the controversy over bi-metallism. Also relating to politics, particularly various political races, is a collection of newspaper clippings. The subseries also includes a few political broadsides and flyers, announcing such things as slates of political speakers. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries H: General Materials, 1865-1901. Completing the series, this small subseries contains materials relating to the 1889 Virginia Democratic Convention, various voter contact lists from 1899, Tyler's notebook from that same campaign, notebooks containing the names of Virginia notaries public and commissioners of deeds, and some miscellaneous political notes made by Tyler. Arranged by document type, then chronologically. \n\n","Subseries A: Presbyterian Church, 1866-1925. This subseries contains materials relating to Tyler's involvement in the Presbyterian Church, both locally and nationally, through his service as a church elder and his position on the boards of the Union Theological Seminary and the Synodical Orphans Home in Lynchburg, Virginia. Correspondence within the subseries relates to these activities and to Tyler's involvement with other church-related educational institutions within Virginia, the temperance movement, and participation in various church councils. The subseries also includes drafts of various church-related addresses made by Tyler, as well as printed material and ephemera. Also included are two unidentified church record books, probably from Radford Presbyterian Church. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries B: Genealogy, 1876-1948. The materials in this subseries relate to J. Hoge Tyler's interest in his family's history, including the Hoge, Tyler and other extended family lines. The subseries includes letters from other genealogists, as well as two genealogy manuscripts by Tyler and a collection of family history-related newspaper clippings and notes. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Correspondence, 1860-1924. This subseries contains the uncategorized personal correspondence of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to many of Tyler's wide-ranging interests, so many of the letters contain references to politics and business activities. Included among the correspondence are requests for Tyler to use his influence on behalf of relatives and acquaintances, as well letters relating to his involvement with the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. A large percentage of the letters here are from members of Tyler's large extended family. (Invitations received by the Tylers may be found in Subseries VII, and letters received from his children may be found in the various series devoted to each offspring.) The subseries contains a relatively small number of drafts of Tyler's outgoing correspondence, arranged chronologically. Incoming correspondence has been arranged alphabetically by surname.\n\nSubseries D: Sue Hammet Tyler Papers, 1865-1927. This subseries contains the correspondence of Sue Hammet Tyler, wife of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence is overwhelmingly personal in nature, though some of the letters touch upon Governor Tyler's political and business interests. Included here are letters written by Mrs. Tyler to her husband, children and others. Among the incoming letters are letters from extended family members, including the Heths, Prestons, Capertons and others. Also included among the incoming correspondence are the many letters of condolence she received upon the governor's death. (For a set of farm operation reports made to Mrs. Tyler, see Series III, Subseries II.)\n\nSubseries E: Scrapbooks, 1871-1925. The first two scrapbooks in this series, devoted entirely to newspaper clippings and covering the years 1871-1900, are invaluable in tracking Tyler's political career, containing as they do articles, editorials, letters to the editor, texts from speeches, and articles about his activities, campaigns and gubernatorial administration. The third scrapbook (1901-1919) details the latter part of Tyler's term as governor, while the remainder is devoted to his later political activities and to personal activities and interests. A fourth scrapbook features newspaper articles and tributes following Tyler's death (pasted in a ledger containing minutes (1896-1898) of the finance committee of an unidentified organization (possibly the Radford Trust Company)). The subseries also contains a number of loose items which were removed from scrapbooks 1-3. The four scrapbooks are arranged chronologically, with the loose materials completing the subseries.\n\nSubseries F: Printed Materials, 1887-1929. The printed materials included in this subseries relate to a wide range of Tyler's personal interests. Included are texts of speeches by others; several pamphlets regarding European railways; a booklet from the 1900 reunion of the Army of the Potomac; an 1888 promotional publication for Radford, Virginia; an 1899 issue of  The Goodson Gazette  (published by the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind); and a copy of the Radford newspaper detailing Tyler's death. The subseries also contains a collection of newspaper clippings which include poetry, obituaries and articles of general interest.\n\nSubseries G: General materials, 1868-1926. Contained within this subseries are other personal papers of the Tylers that did not belong in other subseries. Included here is a file of third-party correspondence belonging to individuals not represented elsewhere in the collection, including letters written by James Hoge, R. S. Hoge, Laura Fitzhugh Preston, Eliza Hoge Tyler, Henry Tyler and others. Also included here are the many invitations and calling cards received by the Tyler family. Tyler's service as food administrator for the Federal Food Administration in Radford and Montgomery County during World War I is represented in a collection of FDA forms and publications. Also included here are drafts of talks delivered by Tyler on a variety of subjects to various schools and organizations. A collection of miscellaneous materials completes the subseries and includes death notices, notes, Tyler's American Red Cross state board certificates, poetry, advertising matter, a broadside announcing the sale of Plumer Memorial Female College, and other ephemera.\n\n","Subseries A: Business Concerns, 1882-1922. This subseries contains papers originating from the many business ventures in which Tyler engaged but is devoted largely to his Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company. Also of particular interest are a set of ledgers from a store Tyler operated at Belle Hampton. The subseries is arranged alphabetically by name of company, then by document type, then chronologically. (Tyler also recorded business transactions in ledgers that had once belonged to members of the Hammet family. These ledgers may be found in Series XI, Subseries I and III.)\n\nSubseries B: Agriculture, 1874-1914. This subseries is devoted to Tyler's short-horn cattle business and other agricultural pursuits. It includes correspondence, cattle pedigrees and registrations. It also includes drafts of speeches delivered before agricultural organizations, business records from his farm, printed materials relating to agriculture and farming implements, and a few miscellaneous documents. (Papers relating to the 1902 Southwest Virginia Livestock Fair, with which Tyler was involved, may be found in Series IX.) Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Business and Personal Financial Papers, 1862-1923. Within this subseries is correspondence relating to other business activities of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to financial transactions, property sales and rentals, the Hammet estate, bank accounts, business proposals (including a proposed railway from Charleston, South Carolina to Radford), letters of introduction, and others arising from Tyler's myriad business interests. The correspondence also includes letters regarding Tyler's household financial matters, including a number of letters regarding renovations to Halwick, the family home. Also relating to routine financial affairs of the household are receipts, account statements, personal checks, and a ledger. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\n","Sigma Chi Quarterly","Subseries A: Personal Papers, 1885-1941. Among the personal papers of Stockton Heth Tyler in this subseries is a collection of his correspondence, largely consisting of letters written to other members of the Tyler family. The subseries also contains letters written by his wife and children to their Tyler relatives. Arranged by correspondent, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Spanish-American War Records, 1898-1899. This subseries contains military records retained by Major Stockton Heth Tyler while serving as an additional paymaster in the U. S. Army during the Spanish-American War. The subseries contains various forms relating to pay for individual officers and enlisted personnel in more than 30 different units and includes reimbursement vouchers, pay vouchers, discharge statements, and company payrolls. Also included are records of other paymaster transactions, official correspondence, and a collection of orders from the adjutant general's office. The subseries is arranged by document type, with documents relating to specific individuals or units being arranged alphabetically, while other documents are arranged chronologically. \n\n","Subseries A: Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson Papers, 1889-1954. This subseries includes Lily Tyler Wilson's personal correspondence, largely consisting of letters to other members of the Tyler family. Also among her personal papers are a 1909 diary and a typescript compilation of her poetry. Lily Wilson's interest in the theatre is documented in a scrapbook devoted to the stage stars and productions she had seen, while a second chronicles other general interests. The subseries includes a large number of dance cards, many from events held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the early 1900s. Also included here are a file of papers (correspondence and published writings) of Henry H. Wilson, as well as materials relating to Wilson's interest in genealogy and printed materials relating to civil engineering and road construction. Within the subseries may also be found a small set of the couple's legal papers; additional printed materials consisting of religious tracts and newspaper clippings of personal interest; and a folder of miscellaneous materials. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: James Hoge Tyler Wilson Papers, 1918-1950. Comprising this subseries is a small collection of the papers of James Hoge Tyler Wilson (1916-1994), son of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson, graduate of the University of Virginia, World War II Army Air Services pilot, Virginia Tech instructor, and attorney. The subseries consists of two folders of miscellanea, including a devotional book for military personnel and a small selection of correspondence.\n\nSubseries C: Lily Norwood Wilson Papers, 1924-1956. This subseries contains the papers of Lily Norwood Tyler, daughter of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson. Included among the papers is a collection of personal correspondence, as well as a baby book and memorabilia from Wilson's school years (at the Seiler School (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania); St. Catherine's School (Richmond, Virginia); and Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)) and a 1930s European tour. The subseries also contains event invitations and programs, together with papers relating to the British War Relief Society and Wilson's service as secretary of the Radford, Virginia chapter during the 1930s and 1940s. Also included is a folder of miscellaneous materials containing notes, reports, printed materials and ephemera.\n\n","Subseries A: William Henry Hammet Papers, 1832-1878. Contained within this small subseries are papers of W. H. Hammet, a Washington County, Mississippi plantation owner and congressman. The subseries includes personal and business correspondence, as well as other business papers, including an account book and account statements, estate documents, and lists of slaves on an unidentified plantation. In addition to the papers is a physician's account book, containing entries from Vicksburg and Lammermoor, Mississippi and dating from 1836 to 1851. (The ledger also contains day book account entries of J. Hoge Tyler from 1881 to 1885). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Edward Hammet Papers, 1832-1892. This subseries contains the papers of Col. Edward Hammet, a prominent landowner of Radford, Virginia, and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The series contains papers relating to financial affairs of Lammermoor as well as personal and business correspondence together with legal and financial documents (some of which relate to the lands of John Heavin (Haven) on Plum Creek in Montgomery County, Virginia). Also found here are documents retained by J. Hoge Tyler, acting as executor of Hammet's will. Arranged by subject matter, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: James Preston Hammet Papers, 1856-1879. Within this series may be found the papers of James Preston Hammet (son of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet), Montgomery County, Virginia physician and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The papers include correspondence relating to personal matters, medical patients, Lammermoor Plantation, and other financial and legal matters. The subseries also includes two pocket diaries containing miscellaneous notes, some seemingly related to the management of Lammermoor Plantation. A separate ledger contains additional records of Lammermoor and appears to document the daily work of the plantation's slaves and freedmen (much of the information in the ledger has been obscured by newspaper clippings relating to Virginia politics later pasted into the book, probably by J. Hoge Tyler). Other papers within the subseries detail the plantation's accounts, including those with freedmen. The subseries also includes papers relating Hammet's other business, legal and personal financial matters. Hammet's medical practice is detailed in two ledgers and a folder of papers containing account and patient records (including calls on freedmen patients). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries D: Isabella Hammet Heth Family Papers, 1861-1913. This subseries contains the letters of Isabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet) and her husband, Major Stockton Heth. The subseries includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of both Heths. Divided by correspondent, then arranged chronologically.\n\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler, Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born at the Tyler family farm, \"Blenheim,\" in Caroline County, Virginia on August 11, 1846. He was the son of George Tyler (1817-1889), a representative of Caroline County, and Eliza Hoge (1815-1846), daughter of General James Hoge. His mother having died during his birth, the young James Hoge Tyler was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge at \"Hayfield,\" their Pulaski County home. Tyler was educated in Pulaski County before attending the school of Franklin Minor in Albermarle County. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(George Tyler (1817-1889), father of James H., married four times: First to Jane De Jarnette (1820-1841)--the couple's only child died in childhood. Eliza Hoge (1815-1846) was Tyler's second wife, the future governor being their only child. Tyler married third Jane Quisenberry. The couple had two children: George William Tyler (married Mary Stuart Carter) and Nannie Brown Tyler (married John Washington). By his fourth wife, Julia Magruder (1837-1873), Tyler fathered six children: Henry Magruder Tyler, Mary Adams Taylor, Julia Magruder Tyler (married James Armistead Otey), Lucinda Coleman Tyler, Evelyn Tyler (married John J. Miller), John Tyler and William Elliot (married Burnley Redd).)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyler left school at the age of 16 to join the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. (His later rank of \"major\" was apparently a post-war honorific.) After the war, Tyler returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He would rename the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer, raising Durham cattle and serving as president of the Virginia Stock Farmers' Institute and of the Southwest Virginia Live Stock Association. His other business interests would come to include a store, a gristmill, a sawmill, the Belle Hampton Coal Mining Company (sold in 1902 to a New York company), and the Radford Development Company. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, who built the first home in what it now Radford, Virginia), a native of Radford, on November 16, 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe, who died in infancy. In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, Tyler was elected to the state senate, serving one term and advocating retrenchment and reform. He maintained an active role in civic affairs, serving on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and on the state debt commission. During the 1880s, he mounted two unsuccessful congressional campaigns. Tyler also launched an unsuccessful bid for governor in 1889 but secured the second place on the Democratic ticket that year and served as lieutenant governor from 1890 to 1894. While serving as lieutenant governor, Tyler again ran for the governorship in 1893, losing to Charles T. O'Ferrall. In 1897, Tyler successfully campaigned for governor and served from 1898 to 1902.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyler's gubernatorial administration was marked by a concern with adjustment of Virginia's state debt. He was a strong supporter of bi-metallism, and was a personal friend of William Jennings Bryan. The American Historical Society's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e (1926) summarized Tyler's governorship thus: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003eGovernor Tyler's administration was marked by the settlement of the long vexed oyster question, for it was largely through his efforts that the LeCato bill was made effective and the oyster beds of the state made to yield an income to the state instead of an annual deficit. As governor he secured the reduction of taxes and the state debt and the increase of the public school fund and the literary fund. Other measures credited to his administration are the establishment of the Farm Bureau, the reorganization of the agricultural department, a conditional pardon system and the settlement of the Virginia-Tennessee boundary question.\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile serving as governor, Tyler launched an unsuccessful campaign for the U. S. Senate seat of incumbent Thomas S. Martin. His unsuccessful 1899 campaign would be Tyler's last, though he would continue to be somewhat active in state politics, playing the role of elder statesman and considering various pleas that he again seek office. During World War I, he served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA Presbyterian, Tyler served as a ruling elder and moderator of the Synod of Virginia. He founded the Presbyterian church in East Radford, the area's first brick church. Three times he represented his church in the Presbyterian General Assembly. He also served twice as a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council--once in Toronto, Canada and once in Glasgow, Scotland. He also served on the boards of trustees of the church-affiliated Hampden-Sidney College, Union Theological Seminary, and Synodical Orphans Home at Lynchburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler died on January 3, 1925; Sue Hammet Tyler, born July 16, 1845, died on April 24, 1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler was born on December 15, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and served in Radford's local defense regiment, the Radford Rifles, during the late 19th century. Tyler remained a bachelor throughout his life and managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County, Virginia). He died on March 22, 1939 in Radford. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler Jr. was born on December 8, 1871. He attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College, where he was a member of the Sigma Sigma chapter of Sigma Chi fraternity. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (daughter of A. O. Bell) on June 23, 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke. The Tylers had no children. Evelyn died in Wilmington (Fluvanna County), Virginia around 1924. At the time of his wife's death, Tyler was living in Radford, paralyzed by a stroke; he died in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn on September 13, 1874, Stockton Heth Tyler was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell (born June 10, 1878) on November 16, 1904; the couple had five children: Goldsborough Serpell, James Hoge III, Sue Hammet, Nell Serpell, Stockton Jr., and Gulielma Serpell. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. He died on September 5, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucy Belle Norwood Tyler was born March 9, 1876. She married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (born July 1, 1870) of Talladega, Alabama on November 16, 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived initially in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises (including a Bonanza, Arkansas newspaper), before returning by 1927 to Radford. The son of Confederate Colonel William Kennedy McConnell, Frank McConnell commanded the Alabama National Guard's Third Regiment for four years. He was also an active member of Kappa Alpha fraternity, serving as general purser. Frank McConnell died on September 21, 1941; Lucy Belle McConnell on February 4, 1955.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSue Hampton Tyler was born April 9, 1877. She married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, on December 16, 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert (1918-1920), and they resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia, where she died in 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHenry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler was born in Pulaski County, Virginia on December 10, 1878. He attended St. Alban's Academy in Radford and Richmond College before graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. Admitted to the Virginia bar that same year, Tyler returned to Radford, where he established a law practice. In 1906, Tyler was appointed Radford's commonwealth attorney. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. In private practice, Tyler generally handled corporate law, including the legal affairs of the Belle Hampton Coal Company. Tyler also engaged in other businesses, being president of the Radford Hotel Corporation and the Radford Real Estate and Development Company. A Democrat, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925 and on the Radford School Board. He was a member of the American, Virginia and several county bar associations; Phi Delta Phi; Kappa Sigma; and Radford's rotary and golf clubs. He was also a superintendent of the Old Brick Presbyterian Church in Radford and later an elder in Radford's Central Presbyterian Church. Unmarried, Tyler died in Radford on December 1, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKnown to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler was born on September 7, 1882; she married Henry Harrison Wilson (born January 15, 1885) on June 16, 1915. The couple eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler, Lily Norwood and Henry Harrison II. Born in Cumberland County, Virginia on January 15, 1882, Wilson graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1906 with a BS in engineering. He served as an instructor in civil engineering at the university while earning a civil engineering degree the following year. Wilson worked on various projects before being employed from 1908 to 1911 by Winston \u0026amp; Company, contractors for the Ashokan dams in New York. In 1914, he became a special partner in the company's highway and railway construction and in operation of its crushed stone business. Specializing in bridge and other construction work, Wilson became managing partner in 1925 of Winston Brothers Company \u0026amp; H. H. Wilson. He was also president and treasurer of the Lime Bluff Company, director of All States Life Insurance and the Peoples Bank of Radford, Virginia. He was elected president of the Associated Pennsylvania Constructors in 1924 and vice-president of the Association of General Contractors of America in 1922. A member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Wilson published several articles on highway construction and edited \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHighway Builder\u003c/title\u003e. A descendant of Declaration of Independence signer Benjamin Harrison, Wilson maintained an interest in genealogy. He died in Baltimore, Maryland on May 31, 1933. Following his death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColonel Edward Hammet was the father of Sue Hammet Tyler. Arriving in the area of what is now Radford, Virginia in the 1830s, Hammet married Clementina Craig, who had inherited the Norwood property, near (or on) what is now Radford University, from her father, James Craig. Edward and Clementina had several children, including James Preston, Isabella (married Stockton Heth), John Radford, and Susan (married James Hoge Tyler). The Hammets maintained ownership of lands in Washington and Issaquena counties, Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Hammet / Hammett (1799-1865), brother of Edward Hammet, was born in County Cork, Ireland. He served as chaplain of the University of Virginia (1832-1834) and the Virginia House of Delegates before moving to Princeton, Mississippi. In 1837, he married the widow of Dr. James Metcalfe and became owner of the Lammermoor plantation. A Democrat, Hammet served in Congress from 1843-1845. Evidence within the collection suggests that Hammet was a physician. He died in Washington County, Mississippi and was buried on Lammermoor Plantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Preston Hammet (1832-1829), son of Edward Hammet and a graduate of Virginia Military Institute (class of 1853) studied medicine at the University of Virginia and in Philadelphia. He married Katherine Markham Spiller in 1856; their daughter would marry Judge G. E. Cassel of Radford, Virginia. At the commencement of the Civil War, Hammet organized the \"New River Grays,\" which became Company H, 24th Virginia Infantry, but resigned early in the war. By 1864, he was a Montgomery County, Virginia surgeon, serving on the county's committee of public safety.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIsabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth, daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, was born in 1842. She married Captain Stockton Heth, who had served in the 18th Virginia Infantry. Heth, president of the Exchange Bank of Radford, also owned Whitethorne Plantation in Montgomery County, Virginia. The couple's children included Virginia C., Stockton Jr., Sally P., and Sue H. Isabella died in 1910 and is buried in Radford, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVery little information could be found on the Sifford family, and it remains unclear why the family's papers were within those of the Tylers. The Siffords were Pulaski County farmers, so it may be assumed there was a relationship with the Hoge family. In 1818, Harman Sifford and John Hoge purchased from Cornelius Brown lands on Back and Neck creeks. George W. H. Sifford, perhaps the son of Harman Sifford, married Elizabeth Loukes on September 8, 1838, and the couple had four children: Henry, Rufus, Joseph, and Mary. During the Civil War, Sifford served in the 4th Regiment of the Virginia Reserves, probably in Company C, the Pulaski Reserves. Several other family members also seem to have served in the Confederate Army, including Henry S. and Joseph (sons of George W. H.), who both served in the 54th Virginia Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHowe, Daniel Dunbar, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eListen to the mockingbird: the life and times of a pioneer Virginia family\u003c/emph\u003e (Boyce, VA: Carr, 1961).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyler, James Hoge, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe family of Hoge: a genealogy\u003c/emph\u003e ([Greensboro, NC: J. J. Stone and Co.], 1927).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family History"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Hoge Tyler, Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born at the Tyler family farm, \"Blenheim,\" in Caroline County, Virginia on August 11, 1846. He was the son of George Tyler (1817-1889), a representative of Caroline County, and Eliza Hoge (1815-1846), daughter of General James Hoge. His mother having died during his birth, the young James Hoge Tyler was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge at \"Hayfield,\" their Pulaski County home. Tyler was educated in Pulaski County before attending the school of Franklin Minor in Albermarle County. ","(George Tyler (1817-1889), father of James H., married four times: First to Jane De Jarnette (1820-1841)--the couple's only child died in childhood. Eliza Hoge (1815-1846) was Tyler's second wife, the future governor being their only child. Tyler married third Jane Quisenberry. The couple had two children: George William Tyler (married Mary Stuart Carter) and Nannie Brown Tyler (married John Washington). By his fourth wife, Julia Magruder (1837-1873), Tyler fathered six children: Henry Magruder Tyler, Mary Adams Taylor, Julia Magruder Tyler (married James Armistead Otey), Lucinda Coleman Tyler, Evelyn Tyler (married John J. Miller), John Tyler and William Elliot (married Burnley Redd).)","Tyler left school at the age of 16 to join the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. (His later rank of \"major\" was apparently a post-war honorific.) After the war, Tyler returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He would rename the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer, raising Durham cattle and serving as president of the Virginia Stock Farmers' Institute and of the Southwest Virginia Live Stock Association. His other business interests would come to include a store, a gristmill, a sawmill, the Belle Hampton Coal Mining Company (sold in 1902 to a New York company), and the Radford Development Company. ","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, who built the first home in what it now Radford, Virginia), a native of Radford, on November 16, 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe, who died in infancy. In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","In 1877, Tyler was elected to the state senate, serving one term and advocating retrenchment and reform. He maintained an active role in civic affairs, serving on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and on the state debt commission. During the 1880s, he mounted two unsuccessful congressional campaigns. Tyler also launched an unsuccessful bid for governor in 1889 but secured the second place on the Democratic ticket that year and served as lieutenant governor from 1890 to 1894. While serving as lieutenant governor, Tyler again ran for the governorship in 1893, losing to Charles T. O'Ferrall. In 1897, Tyler successfully campaigned for governor and served from 1898 to 1902.","Tyler's gubernatorial administration was marked by a concern with adjustment of Virginia's state debt. He was a strong supporter of bi-metallism, and was a personal friend of William Jennings Bryan. The American Historical Society's  History of Virginia  (1926) summarized Tyler's governorship thus: ","Governor Tyler's administration was marked by the settlement of the long vexed oyster question, for it was largely through his efforts that the LeCato bill was made effective and the oyster beds of the state made to yield an income to the state instead of an annual deficit. As governor he secured the reduction of taxes and the state debt and the increase of the public school fund and the literary fund. Other measures credited to his administration are the establishment of the Farm Bureau, the reorganization of the agricultural department, a conditional pardon system and the settlement of the Virginia-Tennessee boundary question.","While serving as governor, Tyler launched an unsuccessful campaign for the U. S. Senate seat of incumbent Thomas S. Martin. His unsuccessful 1899 campaign would be Tyler's last, though he would continue to be somewhat active in state politics, playing the role of elder statesman and considering various pleas that he again seek office. During World War I, he served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County.","A Presbyterian, Tyler served as a ruling elder and moderator of the Synod of Virginia. He founded the Presbyterian church in East Radford, the area's first brick church. Three times he represented his church in the Presbyterian General Assembly. He also served twice as a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council--once in Toronto, Canada and once in Glasgow, Scotland. He also served on the boards of trustees of the church-affiliated Hampden-Sidney College, Union Theological Seminary, and Synodical Orphans Home at Lynchburg. ","James Hoge Tyler died on January 3, 1925; Sue Hammet Tyler, born July 16, 1845, died on April 24, 1927.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler was born on December 15, 1869. He graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and served in Radford's local defense regiment, the Radford Rifles, during the late 19th century. Tyler remained a bachelor throughout his life and managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County, Virginia). He died on March 22, 1939 in Radford. ","James Hoge Tyler Jr. was born on December 8, 1871. He attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College, where he was a member of the Sigma Sigma chapter of Sigma Chi fraternity. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (daughter of A. O. Bell) on June 23, 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke. The Tylers had no children. Evelyn died in Wilmington (Fluvanna County), Virginia around 1924. At the time of his wife's death, Tyler was living in Radford, paralyzed by a stroke; he died in 1937. ","Born on September 13, 1874, Stockton Heth Tyler was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell (born June 10, 1878) on November 16, 1904; the couple had five children: Goldsborough Serpell, James Hoge III, Sue Hammet, Nell Serpell, Stockton Jr., and Gulielma Serpell. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. He died on September 5, 1943.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler was born March 9, 1876. She married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (born July 1, 1870) of Talladega, Alabama on November 16, 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived initially in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises (including a Bonanza, Arkansas newspaper), before returning by 1927 to Radford. The son of Confederate Colonel William Kennedy McConnell, Frank McConnell commanded the Alabama National Guard's Third Regiment for four years. He was also an active member of Kappa Alpha fraternity, serving as general purser. Frank McConnell died on September 21, 1941; Lucy Belle McConnell on February 4, 1955.","Sue Hampton Tyler was born April 9, 1877. She married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, on December 16, 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert (1918-1920), and they resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia, where she died in 1949.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler was born in Pulaski County, Virginia on December 10, 1878. He attended St. Alban's Academy in Radford and Richmond College before graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. Admitted to the Virginia bar that same year, Tyler returned to Radford, where he established a law practice. In 1906, Tyler was appointed Radford's commonwealth attorney. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. In private practice, Tyler generally handled corporate law, including the legal affairs of the Belle Hampton Coal Company. Tyler also engaged in other businesses, being president of the Radford Hotel Corporation and the Radford Real Estate and Development Company. A Democrat, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925 and on the Radford School Board. He was a member of the American, Virginia and several county bar associations; Phi Delta Phi; Kappa Sigma; and Radford's rotary and golf clubs. He was also a superintendent of the Old Brick Presbyterian Church in Radford and later an elder in Radford's Central Presbyterian Church. Unmarried, Tyler died in Radford on December 1, 1941.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler was born on September 7, 1882; she married Henry Harrison Wilson (born January 15, 1885) on June 16, 1915. The couple eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler, Lily Norwood and Henry Harrison II. Born in Cumberland County, Virginia on January 15, 1882, Wilson graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1906 with a BS in engineering. He served as an instructor in civil engineering at the university while earning a civil engineering degree the following year. Wilson worked on various projects before being employed from 1908 to 1911 by Winston \u0026 Company, contractors for the Ashokan dams in New York. In 1914, he became a special partner in the company's highway and railway construction and in operation of its crushed stone business. Specializing in bridge and other construction work, Wilson became managing partner in 1925 of Winston Brothers Company \u0026 H. H. Wilson. He was also president and treasurer of the Lime Bluff Company, director of All States Life Insurance and the Peoples Bank of Radford, Virginia. He was elected president of the Associated Pennsylvania Constructors in 1924 and vice-president of the Association of General Contractors of America in 1922. A member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Wilson published several articles on highway construction and edited  Highway Builder . A descendant of Declaration of Independence signer Benjamin Harrison, Wilson maintained an interest in genealogy. He died in Baltimore, Maryland on May 31, 1933. Following his death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home. ","Colonel Edward Hammet was the father of Sue Hammet Tyler. Arriving in the area of what is now Radford, Virginia in the 1830s, Hammet married Clementina Craig, who had inherited the Norwood property, near (or on) what is now Radford University, from her father, James Craig. Edward and Clementina had several children, including James Preston, Isabella (married Stockton Heth), John Radford, and Susan (married James Hoge Tyler). The Hammets maintained ownership of lands in Washington and Issaquena counties, Mississippi.","William Henry Hammet / Hammett (1799-1865), brother of Edward Hammet, was born in County Cork, Ireland. He served as chaplain of the University of Virginia (1832-1834) and the Virginia House of Delegates before moving to Princeton, Mississippi. In 1837, he married the widow of Dr. James Metcalfe and became owner of the Lammermoor plantation. A Democrat, Hammet served in Congress from 1843-1845. Evidence within the collection suggests that Hammet was a physician. He died in Washington County, Mississippi and was buried on Lammermoor Plantation.","James Preston Hammet (1832-1829), son of Edward Hammet and a graduate of Virginia Military Institute (class of 1853) studied medicine at the University of Virginia and in Philadelphia. He married Katherine Markham Spiller in 1856; their daughter would marry Judge G. E. Cassel of Radford, Virginia. At the commencement of the Civil War, Hammet organized the \"New River Grays,\" which became Company H, 24th Virginia Infantry, but resigned early in the war. By 1864, he was a Montgomery County, Virginia surgeon, serving on the county's committee of public safety.","Isabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth, daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet, was born in 1842. She married Captain Stockton Heth, who had served in the 18th Virginia Infantry. Heth, president of the Exchange Bank of Radford, also owned Whitethorne Plantation in Montgomery County, Virginia. The couple's children included Virginia C., Stockton Jr., Sally P., and Sue H. Isabella died in 1910 and is buried in Radford, Virginia. ","Very little information could be found on the Sifford family, and it remains unclear why the family's papers were within those of the Tylers. The Siffords were Pulaski County farmers, so it may be assumed there was a relationship with the Hoge family. In 1818, Harman Sifford and John Hoge purchased from Cornelius Brown lands on Back and Neck creeks. George W. H. Sifford, perhaps the son of Harman Sifford, married Elizabeth Loukes on September 8, 1838, and the couple had four children: Henry, Rufus, Joseph, and Mary. During the Civil War, Sifford served in the 4th Regiment of the Virginia Reserves, probably in Company C, the Pulaski Reserves. Several other family members also seem to have served in the Confederate Army, including Henry S. and Joseph (sons of George W. H.), who both served in the 54th Virginia Infantry.","Sources:","Howe, Daniel Dunbar,  Listen to the mockingbird: the life and times of a pioneer Virginia family  (Boyce, VA: Carr, 1961).","Tyler, James Hoge,  The family of Hoge: a genealogy  ([Greensboro, NC: J. J. Stone and Co.], 1927)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection commenced in January 2004 and was completed in August 2007. Some earlier work on the collection had been performed from 1967 to 1969 and 1971 to 1972.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection commenced in January 2004 and was completed in August 2007. Some earlier work on the collection had been performed from 1967 to 1969 and 1971 to 1972."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of James Hoge Tyler, Virginia state senator (1877-1879), lieutenant governor (1890-1894), governor (1898-1902), businessman, church elder, genealogist, and resident of Radford, Virginia. The collection includes Tyler's correspondence as governor, including a set of bound letter books. Also among the political correspondence are a set of subject files, largely relating to political appointments directly under the governor's control but also touching on some of the issues with which Tyler's administration was concerned. Complementing this official correspondence is a voluminous collection of incoming political correspondence, spanning the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, much of it devoted to Tyler's 1897 and 1899 campaigns, but also including references to the political atmosphere in Virginia and the national political issues of the day. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin Tyler's personal papers are files relating to his involvement in the Presbyterian Church, particularly his service on the boards of various church-related institutions and in various church councils, as well as his leadership in Radford's Presbyterian Church. Tyler's interest in genealogy is documented in a small set of correspondence from other researchers, together with two of his own typescript manuscripts and printed materials. Also within the personal papers is a large collection of incoming correspondence to both J. Hoge and Sue Hammet Tyler. Much of this correspondence is from members of his very large extended Hoge and Tyler families and relates to personal matters, though many of the letters also touch on political and business matters. Though housed among the personal papers, a collection of scrapbooks provides an exhaustive chronicle of Tyler's political career, largely through newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTyler's business pursuits are well documented in a collection of correspondence, ledgers, and legal papers. Among these records are those of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company, together with records of Tyler's agricultural interests. Also among the business papers are documents relating to Tyler's personal financial activities, including such routine documents as personal checks and receipts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf the papers of Tyler's children, perhaps the most significant are those of Stockton Heth Tyler, an army paymaster during the Spanish-American War. In addition to S. Heth Tyler's personal papers are paymaster records which he retained after the war. The papers include payroll records for a number of units and individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso among the papers of Tyler's children are those of Edward H. Tyler, a Pulaski County, Virginia farmer; Belle Tyler McConnell, whose husband, Frank, was a prominent banker and businessman of Arkansas and Virginia; and Lily Tyler Wilson, whose husband, Henry, was a civil engineer and road contractor in Pennsylvania. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes the papers of members of the Hammet family of Mississippi and Virginia. Among these papers are a number of items relating to the affairs of Lammermoor Plantation in Mississippi, including materials concerning the ante bellum operation of the plantation, and later, accounts with the freedmen employed there. Also included among the Hammet papers are the account books of James P. Hammet, a physician of Montgomery County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA small collection of papers belonging to the Sifford family of Pulaski County, Virginia, are included as well and relate to the family's personal activities and business/legal interests. Included among the papers is a small notebook providing the names and birth dates of slaves on an unidentified farm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCompleting the collection is a large collection of photos, including both studio portraits and snapshots of the Tylers, extended family members and friends.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of James Hoge Tyler, Virginia state senator (1877-1879), lieutenant governor (1890-1894), governor (1898-1902), businessman, church elder, genealogist, and resident of Radford, Virginia. The collection includes Tyler's correspondence as governor, including a set of bound letter books. Also among the political correspondence are a set of subject files, largely relating to political appointments directly under the governor's control but also touching on some of the issues with which Tyler's administration was concerned. Complementing this official correspondence is a voluminous collection of incoming political correspondence, spanning the latter 19th and early 20th centuries, much of it devoted to Tyler's 1897 and 1899 campaigns, but also including references to the political atmosphere in Virginia and the national political issues of the day. ","Within Tyler's personal papers are files relating to his involvement in the Presbyterian Church, particularly his service on the boards of various church-related institutions and in various church councils, as well as his leadership in Radford's Presbyterian Church. Tyler's interest in genealogy is documented in a small set of correspondence from other researchers, together with two of his own typescript manuscripts and printed materials. Also within the personal papers is a large collection of incoming correspondence to both J. Hoge and Sue Hammet Tyler. Much of this correspondence is from members of his very large extended Hoge and Tyler families and relates to personal matters, though many of the letters also touch on political and business matters. Though housed among the personal papers, a collection of scrapbooks provides an exhaustive chronicle of Tyler's political career, largely through newspaper clippings.","Tyler's business pursuits are well documented in a collection of correspondence, ledgers, and legal papers. Among these records are those of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company, together with records of Tyler's agricultural interests. Also among the business papers are documents relating to Tyler's personal financial activities, including such routine documents as personal checks and receipts.","Of the papers of Tyler's children, perhaps the most significant are those of Stockton Heth Tyler, an army paymaster during the Spanish-American War. In addition to S. Heth Tyler's personal papers are paymaster records which he retained after the war. The papers include payroll records for a number of units and individuals.","Also among the papers of Tyler's children are those of Edward H. Tyler, a Pulaski County, Virginia farmer; Belle Tyler McConnell, whose husband, Frank, was a prominent banker and businessman of Arkansas and Virginia; and Lily Tyler Wilson, whose husband, Henry, was a civil engineer and road contractor in Pennsylvania. ","The collection also includes the papers of members of the Hammet family of Mississippi and Virginia. Among these papers are a number of items relating to the affairs of Lammermoor Plantation in Mississippi, including materials concerning the ante bellum operation of the plantation, and later, accounts with the freedmen employed there. Also included among the Hammet papers are the account books of James P. Hammet, a physician of Montgomery County, Virginia.","A small collection of papers belonging to the Sifford family of Pulaski County, Virginia, are included as well and relate to the family's personal activities and business/legal interests. Included among the papers is a small notebook providing the names and birth dates of slaves on an unidentified farm.","Completing the collection is a large collection of photos, including both studio portraits and snapshots of the Tylers, extended family members and friends."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eThe following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection: \u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eClark, Champ, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Philippine problem\u003c/title\u003e (Washington, D.C.: [Government Printing Office], 1900).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGoodwin, W. P., \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eExperience of an old soldier in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1862 to 1865\u003c/title\u003e (Bowling Green, VA: Echo Printing, 1907).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGray, Horace, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Address on the life character and influence of Chief Justice Marshall\u003c/title\u003e (Washington, D.C.: Pearson Printing Office, 1901).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHaggard, H. Rider, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eKing Solomon's mines\u003c/title\u003e (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJamestown Official Photograph Corporation, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Jamestown Exposition illustrated\u003c/title\u003e (New York: Press of I. H. Blanchard Co., 1907).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eJohn Warwick Daniel, late a senator from Virginia : memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States\u003c/title\u003e (Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1911).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJohnston, Mattie Reed, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Six prayers; or, the soul's reflector\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, VA: Whittet \u0026amp; Shepperson, 1899).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMann, William Hodges, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Proclamation by the Governor of Virginia, 1910\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMcBride, J. F., \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Higher officials of the United States and buildings where all laws are made \u003c/title\u003e(Chicago: J. F. McBride \u0026amp; Co., 1894).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMemorial addresses on the life and character of William H. F. Lee (a representative from Virginia) delivered in the House of Representatives and in the Senate ... \u003c/title\u003e(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1892).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMilitary show: program and guide to exhibits \u003c/title\u003e([Fort Snelling, MN: Fort Snelling, 1928]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOfficial Army Register for 1899\u003c/title\u003e (Washington: Adjutant General's Office, 1899).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePeople and Politics\u003c/title\u003e ([Roanoke, VA: Stone Printing and Manufacturing, 19--?]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSettlement of the debt of the state of Virginia : under the bondholders' agreement of May 12, 1890 ... \u003c/title\u003e([New York : Bondholders' Committee, 1892]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSmith, Orlando, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Agreement between science and religion \u003c/title\u003e (New York: C. P. Farrell, [c1906]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSociety of the Army of the Potomac, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Proceedings of the thirty-first annual reunion, held at Fredericksburg, May 25th \u0026amp; 26th, 1900 \u003c/title\u003e (New York: McGowan \u0026amp; Slipper, 1900).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSouthworth, Emma D. E. N. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Sybil Brotherton\u003c/title\u003e (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThomas Staples Martin (late a senator from Virginia): memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States...\u003c/title\u003e (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eTyler, James Hoge, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The Family of Hoge : a genealogy \u003c/title\u003e([Greensboro, NC]: James Fulton Hoge, 1927).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia: its agricultural and industrial resources\u003c/title\u003e ([Richmond: Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Immigration, 1914]).\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eYoung, Isabel N., \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The Hawaiian Islands; and, the story of pineapple \u003c/title\u003e(New York : Home Economics Dept., American Can Co., [1935]).\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eThe following items were transferred to the Newspapers Collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Alexandria Times\u003c/title\u003e (Alexandria, Virginia), May 29, 1897.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMidland Virginian\u003c/title\u003e (Palmyra, Virginia), April 7, 1898.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eThe following item was transferred to the Historical Maps Collection:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Historical map of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, VA: GHQ Committee, Kappa Alpha Order, 1925).\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn oil painting of J. Hoge Tyler and his daughter Lily (Eliza Tyler Wilson) is part of this collection. See Art-359. Due to its size, it is housed separately in the art collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:  Clark, Champ,  The Philippine problem  (Washington, D.C.: [Government Printing Office], 1900). Goodwin, W. P.,  Experience of an old soldier in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1862 to 1865  (Bowling Green, VA: Echo Printing, 1907). Gray, Horace,  An Address on the life character and influence of Chief Justice Marshall  (Washington, D.C.: Pearson Printing Office, 1901). Haggard, H. Rider,  King Solomon's mines  (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]). Jamestown Official Photograph Corporation,  The Jamestown Exposition illustrated  (New York: Press of I. H. Blanchard Co., 1907). John Warwick Daniel, late a senator from Virginia : memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States  (Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1911). Johnston, Mattie Reed,   Six prayers; or, the soul's reflector  (Richmond, VA: Whittet \u0026 Shepperson, 1899). Mann, William Hodges,   Proclamation by the Governor of Virginia, 1910 . McBride, J. F.,  The Higher officials of the United States and buildings where all laws are made  (Chicago: J. F. McBride \u0026 Co., 1894). Memorial addresses on the life and character of William H. F. Lee (a representative from Virginia) delivered in the House of Representatives and in the Senate ...  (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1892). Military show: program and guide to exhibits  ([Fort Snelling, MN: Fort Snelling, 1928]). Official Army Register for 1899  (Washington: Adjutant General's Office, 1899). People and Politics  ([Roanoke, VA: Stone Printing and Manufacturing, 19--?]). Settlement of the debt of the state of Virginia : under the bondholders' agreement of May 12, 1890 ...  ([New York : Bondholders' Committee, 1892]). Smith, Orlando,  The Agreement between science and religion   (New York: C. P. Farrell, [c1906]). Society of the Army of the Potomac,   Proceedings of the thirty-first annual reunion, held at Fredericksburg, May 25th \u0026 26th, 1900   (New York: McGowan \u0026 Slipper, 1900). Southworth, Emma D. E. N.   Sybil Brotherton  (New York: F. M. Lupton, [19--?]). Thomas Staples Martin (late a senator from Virginia): memorial addresses delivered in the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States...  (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922). Tyler, James Hoge,   The Family of Hoge : a genealogy  ([Greensboro, NC]: James Fulton Hoge, 1927). Virginia: its agricultural and industrial resources  ([Richmond: Virginia Dept. of Agriculture and Immigration, 1914]). Young, Isabel N.,   The Hawaiian Islands; and, the story of pineapple  (New York : Home Economics Dept., American Can Co., [1935]).","The following items were transferred to the Newspapers Collection: The Alexandria Times  (Alexandria, Virginia), May 29, 1897. Midland Virginian  (Palmyra, Virginia), April 7, 1898.","The following item was transferred to the Historical Maps Collection: A Historical map of Virginia  (Richmond, VA: GHQ Committee, Kappa Alpha Order, 1925).","An oil painting of J. Hoge Tyler and his daughter Lily (Eliza Tyler Wilson) is part of this collection. See Art-359. Due to its size, it is housed separately in the art collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_53fec248d256193feca61184457269a0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler, including official, business and personal correspondence, printed materials, scrapbooks, and ledgers; papers of Tyler's children (Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Belle Tyler McConnell, Sue Tyler Jopling, Hal C. and Lily Tyler Wilson); business records (including records of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and Radford Development Company), genealogical materials, Spanish-American War army pay records, and photographs. Also includes papers of members of the Hammet and Sifford families.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler, including official, business and personal correspondence, printed materials, scrapbooks, and ledgers; papers of Tyler's children (Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton H., Belle Tyler McConnell, Sue Tyler Jopling, Hal C. and Lily Tyler Wilson); business records (including records of the Belle Hampton Coal Company and Radford Development Company), genealogical materials, Spanish-American War army pay records, and photographs. Also includes papers of members of the Hammet and Sifford families."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925"],"famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Sue Tyler Jopling family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Sifford family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Hammet family"],"persname_ssim":["Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":888,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:02:20.551Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: Executive Letter Books, 1898-1901. This subseries contains a compiled, bound set of Tyler's correspondence as governor. The correspondence does not seem to follow a strict arrangement. A set of notebooks, arranged in a rough alphabetical order, serves as an index to the letter books, with separate listings for incoming and outgoing correspondence. The numbering on the incoming letters has no relation to that on the outgoing letters. The index books are arranged alphabetically, while the letters themselves are divided between \"incoming\" and \"outgoing,\" then arranged numerically. (Note: Two books were originally bound in error, creating a mixed set of incoming and outgoing letters, which have been noted in the finding aid.)\n\nSubseries B: Subject Files, 1897-1901. Tyler's office seems to have maintained files relating to only a few issues with which he had to contend while governor. The series consists largely of files devoted to political appointments. These appointment files were not part of the original subject files but have been included here for convenience; they contain letters from applicants for appointment (or reappointment) to positions over which the governor had power of appointment, together with endorsements from interested parties. The subseries also contains files devoted to several controversies which arose during Tyler's administration and the use of the Virginia Volunteer Infantry to quell instances of civil unrest. These subject files have been assigned file titles and arranged in an artificial alphabetical order.\n\nSubseries C: Gubernatorial Campaign Canvass, 1897. The files in this subseries consist of political correspondence from contacts in various localities, arising from Tyler's 1897 gubernatorial campaign. Correspondents discuss local political activities, contacts, strategies, and outlooks. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries D:l Senatorial Campaign Canvass, 1899. Like Subseries III, this subseries contains correspondence from Tyler's local contacts throughout Virginia. The correspondence relates to Tyler's failed United States Senate campaign of 1899, with letters regarding insight into local political affairs and leaders. Arranged alphabetically by locality, with cities and counties inter-filed.\n\nSubseries E: General political correspondence, 1870-1923. This subseries contains an extensive collection of Tyler's political correspondence. The letters originate from contacts throughout Virginia and beyond and relate to political activities and questions of the day (particularly bi-metallism in the late 19th century). The subseries also contains correspondence arising from Tyler's several political campaigns prior to 1897. (In these earlier contests, the correspondence was not sorted according to locality, but like the letters from those campaigns, these provide details on local political sentiments and leaders during the time period.) Letters relating to the 1897 and 1899 campaigns but not tied to any particular Virginia locality may also be found here, as may correspondence originating during Tyler's gubernatorial administration but not, for whatever reason, bound with the executive letter books. Apart from letters addressing the period's political questions, the letters also span the wide range of routine matters which one might expect to occupy the chief executive's time: invitations to address organizations, requests for personal favors, and pleas on behalf of prisoners. The political correspondence continues past Tyler's gubernatorial term, as he remained active in party politics and flirted with the idea of again running for office. Arranged chronologically, with copies of just a few pieces of Tyler's outgoing correspondences inter-filed with the incoming correspondence.\n\nSubseries F: Speeches, 1877-1907. Contained in this subseries is a collection of materials relating to political speeches delivered by Tyler. The speech drafts are largely undated and fairly illegible. Drafts of other speeches by Tyler may be found in Series II, Subseries VII and in Series III, Subseries II. Arranged chronologically.\n\nSubseries G: Printed Materials, 1874-1922. This subseries contains a number of pamphlets and speech texts relating to numerous state and political issues, particularly Virginia's state debt and the controversy over bi-metallism. Also relating to politics, particularly various political races, is a collection of newspaper clippings. The subseries also includes a few political broadsides and flyers, announcing such things as slates of political speakers. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries H: General Materials, 1865-1901. Completing the series, this small subseries contains materials relating to the 1889 Virginia Democratic Convention, various voter contact lists from 1899, Tyler's notebook from that same campaign, notebooks containing the names of Virginia notaries public and commissioners of deeds, and some miscellaneous political notes made by Tyler. Arranged by document type, then chronologically. \n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: Presbyterian Church, 1866-1925. This subseries contains materials relating to Tyler's involvement in the Presbyterian Church, both locally and nationally, through his service as a church elder and his position on the boards of the Union Theological Seminary and the Synodical Orphans Home in Lynchburg, Virginia. Correspondence within the subseries relates to these activities and to Tyler's involvement with other church-related educational institutions within Virginia, the temperance movement, and participation in various church councils. The subseries also includes drafts of various church-related addresses made by Tyler, as well as printed material and ephemera. Also included are two unidentified church record books, probably from Radford Presbyterian Church. Arranged by document type.\n\nSubseries B: Genealogy, 1876-1948. The materials in this subseries relate to J. Hoge Tyler's interest in his family's history, including the Hoge, Tyler and other extended family lines. The subseries includes letters from other genealogists, as well as two genealogy manuscripts by Tyler and a collection of family history-related newspaper clippings and notes. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Correspondence, 1860-1924. This subseries contains the uncategorized personal correspondence of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to many of Tyler's wide-ranging interests, so many of the letters contain references to politics and business activities. Included among the correspondence are requests for Tyler to use his influence on behalf of relatives and acquaintances, as well letters relating to his involvement with the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. A large percentage of the letters here are from members of Tyler's large extended family. (Invitations received by the Tylers may be found in Subseries VII, and letters received from his children may be found in the various series devoted to each offspring.) The subseries contains a relatively small number of drafts of Tyler's outgoing correspondence, arranged chronologically. Incoming correspondence has been arranged alphabetically by surname.\n\nSubseries D: Sue Hammet Tyler Papers, 1865-1927. This subseries contains the correspondence of Sue Hammet Tyler, wife of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence is overwhelmingly personal in nature, though some of the letters touch upon Governor Tyler's political and business interests. Included here are letters written by Mrs. Tyler to her husband, children and others. Among the incoming letters are letters from extended family members, including the Heths, Prestons, Capertons and others. Also included among the incoming correspondence are the many letters of condolence she received upon the governor's death. (For a set of farm operation reports made to Mrs. Tyler, see Series III, Subseries II.)\n\nSubseries E: Scrapbooks, 1871-1925. The first two scrapbooks in this series, devoted entirely to newspaper clippings and covering the years 1871-1900, are invaluable in tracking Tyler's political career, containing as they do articles, editorials, letters to the editor, texts from speeches, and articles about his activities, campaigns and gubernatorial administration. The third scrapbook (1901-1919) details the latter part of Tyler's term as governor, while the remainder is devoted to his later political activities and to personal activities and interests. A fourth scrapbook features newspaper articles and tributes following Tyler's death (pasted in a ledger containing minutes (1896-1898) of the finance committee of an unidentified organization (possibly the Radford Trust Company)). The subseries also contains a number of loose items which were removed from scrapbooks 1-3. The four scrapbooks are arranged chronologically, with the loose materials completing the subseries.\n\nSubseries F: Printed Materials, 1887-1929. The printed materials included in this subseries relate to a wide range of Tyler's personal interests. Included are texts of speeches by others; several pamphlets regarding European railways; a booklet from the 1900 reunion of the Army of the Potomac; an 1888 promotional publication for Radford, Virginia; an 1899 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Goodson Gazette\u003c/title\u003e (published by the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind); and a copy of the Radford newspaper detailing Tyler's death. The subseries also contains a collection of newspaper clippings which include poetry, obituaries and articles of general interest.\n\nSubseries G: General materials, 1868-1926. Contained within this subseries are other personal papers of the Tylers that did not belong in other subseries. Included here is a file of third-party correspondence belonging to individuals not represented elsewhere in the collection, including letters written by James Hoge, R. S. Hoge, Laura Fitzhugh Preston, Eliza Hoge Tyler, Henry Tyler and others. Also included here are the many invitations and calling cards received by the Tyler family. Tyler's service as food administrator for the Federal Food Administration in Radford and Montgomery County during World War I is represented in a collection of FDA forms and publications. Also included here are drafts of talks delivered by Tyler on a variety of subjects to various schools and organizations. A collection of miscellaneous materials completes the subseries and includes death notices, notes, Tyler's American Red Cross state board certificates, poetry, advertising matter, a broadside announcing the sale of Plumer Memorial Female College, and other ephemera.\n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: Business Concerns, 1882-1922. This subseries contains papers originating from the many business ventures in which Tyler engaged but is devoted largely to his Belle Hampton Coal Company and the Radford Development Company. Also of particular interest are a set of ledgers from a store Tyler operated at Belle Hampton. The subseries is arranged alphabetically by name of company, then by document type, then chronologically. (Tyler also recorded business transactions in ledgers that had once belonged to members of the Hammet family. These ledgers may be found in Series XI, Subseries I and III.)\n\nSubseries B: Agriculture, 1874-1914. This subseries is devoted to Tyler's short-horn cattle business and other agricultural pursuits. It includes correspondence, cattle pedigrees and registrations. It also includes drafts of speeches delivered before agricultural organizations, business records from his farm, printed materials relating to agriculture and farming implements, and a few miscellaneous documents. (Papers relating to the 1902 Southwest Virginia Livestock Fair, with which Tyler was involved, may be found in Series IX.) Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: General Business and Personal Financial Papers, 1862-1923. Within this subseries is correspondence relating to other business activities of J. Hoge Tyler. The correspondence relates to financial transactions, property sales and rentals, the Hammet estate, bank accounts, business proposals (including a proposed railway from Charleston, South Carolina to Radford), letters of introduction, and others arising from Tyler's myriad business interests. The correspondence also includes letters regarding Tyler's household financial matters, including a number of letters regarding renovations to Halwick, the family home. Also relating to routine financial affairs of the household are receipts, account statements, personal checks, and a ledger. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSigma Chi Quarterly\u003c/title\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: Personal Papers, 1885-1941. Among the personal papers of Stockton Heth Tyler in this subseries is a collection of his correspondence, largely consisting of letters written to other members of the Tyler family. The subseries also contains letters written by his wife and children to their Tyler relatives. Arranged by correspondent, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Spanish-American War Records, 1898-1899. This subseries contains military records retained by Major Stockton Heth Tyler while serving as an additional paymaster in the U. S. Army during the Spanish-American War. The subseries contains various forms relating to pay for individual officers and enlisted personnel in more than 30 different units and includes reimbursement vouchers, pay vouchers, discharge statements, and company payrolls. Also included are records of other paymaster transactions, official correspondence, and a collection of orders from the adjutant general's office. The subseries is arranged by document type, with documents relating to specific individuals or units being arranged alphabetically, while other documents are arranged chronologically. \n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson Papers, 1889-1954. This subseries includes Lily Tyler Wilson's personal correspondence, largely consisting of letters to other members of the Tyler family. Also among her personal papers are a 1909 diary and a typescript compilation of her poetry. Lily Wilson's interest in the theatre is documented in a scrapbook devoted to the stage stars and productions she had seen, while a second chronicles other general interests. The subseries includes a large number of dance cards, many from events held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the early 1900s. Also included here are a file of papers (correspondence and published writings) of Henry H. Wilson, as well as materials relating to Wilson's interest in genealogy and printed materials relating to civil engineering and road construction. Within the subseries may also be found a small set of the couple's legal papers; additional printed materials consisting of religious tracts and newspaper clippings of personal interest; and a folder of miscellaneous materials. Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: James Hoge Tyler Wilson Papers, 1918-1950. Comprising this subseries is a small collection of the papers of James Hoge Tyler Wilson (1916-1994), son of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson, graduate of the University of Virginia, World War II Army Air Services pilot, Virginia Tech instructor, and attorney. The subseries consists of two folders of miscellanea, including a devotional book for military personnel and a small selection of correspondence.\n\nSubseries C: Lily Norwood Wilson Papers, 1924-1956. This subseries contains the papers of Lily Norwood Tyler, daughter of Henry H. and Lily Tyler Wilson. Included among the papers is a collection of personal correspondence, as well as a baby book and memorabilia from Wilson's school years (at the Seiler School (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania); St. Catherine's School (Richmond, Virginia); and Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)) and a 1930s European tour. The subseries also contains event invitations and programs, together with papers relating to the British War Relief Society and Wilson's service as secretary of the Radford, Virginia chapter during the 1930s and 1940s. Also included is a folder of miscellaneous materials containing notes, reports, printed materials and ephemera.\n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e","\u003cblockquote\u003eSubseries A: William Henry Hammet Papers, 1832-1878. Contained within this small subseries are papers of W. H. Hammet, a Washington County, Mississippi plantation owner and congressman. The subseries includes personal and business correspondence, as well as other business papers, including an account book and account statements, estate documents, and lists of slaves on an unidentified plantation. In addition to the papers is a physician's account book, containing entries from Vicksburg and Lammermoor, Mississippi and dating from 1836 to 1851. (The ledger also contains day book account entries of J. Hoge Tyler from 1881 to 1885). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries B: Edward Hammet Papers, 1832-1892. This subseries contains the papers of Col. Edward Hammet, a prominent landowner of Radford, Virginia, and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The series contains papers relating to financial affairs of Lammermoor as well as personal and business correspondence together with legal and financial documents (some of which relate to the lands of John Heavin (Haven) on Plum Creek in Montgomery County, Virginia). Also found here are documents retained by J. Hoge Tyler, acting as executor of Hammet's will. Arranged by subject matter, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries C: James Preston Hammet Papers, 1856-1879. Within this series may be found the papers of James Preston Hammet (son of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet), Montgomery County, Virginia physician and heir of William H. Hammet's plantation, Lammermoor, in Mississippi. The papers include correspondence relating to personal matters, medical patients, Lammermoor Plantation, and other financial and legal matters. The subseries also includes two pocket diaries containing miscellaneous notes, some seemingly related to the management of Lammermoor Plantation. A separate ledger contains additional records of Lammermoor and appears to document the daily work of the plantation's slaves and freedmen (much of the information in the ledger has been obscured by newspaper clippings relating to Virginia politics later pasted into the book, probably by J. Hoge Tyler). Other papers within the subseries detail the plantation's accounts, including those with freedmen. The subseries also includes papers relating Hammet's other business, legal and personal financial matters. Hammet's medical practice is detailed in two ledgers and a folder of papers containing account and patient records (including calls on freedmen patients). Arranged by document type, then chronologically.\n\nSubseries D: Isabella Hammet Heth Family Papers, 1861-1913. This subseries contains the letters of Isabella Hammet (\"Belle\") Heth (daughter of Edward and Clementina Craig Hammet) and her husband, Major Stockton Heth. The subseries includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of both Heths. Divided by correspondent, then arranged chronologically.\n\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1239_c07_c04"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Fraternities","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026amp; Sororities--Social. Mo 3a may include Kappa Sigma. Mo 3b may include Sigma Alpha. Mo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity). Mo 3c may include Alpha Phi. Mo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Organizations"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Organizations"],"text":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Organizations","Fraternities","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity)."],"title_filing_ssi":"Fraternities","title_ssm":["Fraternities"],"title_tesim":["Fraternities"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1876-1916"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fraternities"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":195,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026amp; Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#26/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3151.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1870s-c. 1960s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.006"],"text":["VerticalFile.006","Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History","The collection is open for research.","Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.","The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.","See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff collected materials for mounted clippings through the 1960s."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["64 Cubic Feet 147 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mounted Clippings are arranged by subject, primarily alphabetically."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [number of card], Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description was completed by Special Collections staff prior to 2015. The finding aid was completed in August 2015. The re-integration of Mo56a-i, Association of Married Students was completed in October 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSee also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings):\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01185.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBiographical Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01042.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBlacksburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also Vertical Files (successors to the mounted clippings): Biographical Vertical Files Blacksburg Vertical Files Montgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files Record Group Vertical Files Southwest Virginia Vertical Files"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.","Ma may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.","Ma 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026 Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026 Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026 Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.","Ma 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.","MAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).","MAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026 Country Ministers.","MAHr 223 may include Weather.","MAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).","MAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","MAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").","Mar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".","Masb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.","MAV may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.","Mbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".","Mbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.","Mcv may include Mall and President's Home.","Mcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","Mcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).","Mfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026 Horn Club; and Masons.","Mfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mcon may include Community Concert Association.","Mco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.","Mco 57 may include Russian Language Course.","Mda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mde may include Accidents And Deaths.","Mde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.","Mde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.","Mdev may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".","Mdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).","Med 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.","Me may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.","Me 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.","Menr may include Freshmen and Orientation.","Mext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.","Mf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.","Mf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).","ML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).","Mm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.","Mm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.","Mm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.","M may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026 Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026 Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026 Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026 Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026 Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026 No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.","M 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026 Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.","M 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).","M 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026 Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.","M 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.","M 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026 Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.","M 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.","M 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026 Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.","M 829 may include Racial \u0026 Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026 Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.","Mla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026 Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).","Mla 367 may include Yells-VPI.","Mo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).","Mo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.","Mo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.","Mo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.","Mo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026 Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).","Mo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.","Mo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.","Mo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026 Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.","Mo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.","Mo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.","Mo 11 may include Student Publications.","Mo 16 may include Honor System.","Mo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.","Mo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.","Mo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).","Mo 17z101 may include Carillon.","Mo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.","Mo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026 Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).","Mo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).","Mo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.","Mo 24 may include \"Skippers\".","Mo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).","Mo 33 may include Chemical Club.","Mo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.","Mo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.","Mo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.","Mo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.","Mo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).","Mo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).","Mo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026 Astronautics.","Mo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.","Mo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).","Mo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.","Mo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.","Mo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.","Mo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.","Mp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.","Mp 164 may include Name Change.","Mra may include Radford University.","Mst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.","AB may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.","ABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.","AF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026 VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").","AG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.","AG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.","AT may include Athletics - Track \u0026 Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.","Mu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).","MW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026 Ponds.","W la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2bfd88fb1d82a46fb92b3adac8eb3bf1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university. The collection was primarily collected by library staff through the 1960s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":440,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, the Virginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephermera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and the activities of members of the community or university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa may include Agricultural Conference Board and Institute Of Rural Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 1 may include Agricultural Experiment Station \u0026amp; Field Research Stations.\nMa 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16 may include Farmers' Institute.\nMa 3 may include Corn Day Short Course.\nMa 5, 18, 19, 29 may include Farmer'S Winter Short Course.\nMa 11, 24 may include Dairy Cattle At V.P.I.\nMa 18 may include Planters Club.\nMa 19 may include Pure-Bred Sire Campaign.\nMa 22 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\nMa 22 may include Boys \u0026amp; Girls Short Course.\nMa 23 may include Virginia Aberdeen Angus Breeders' Association.\nMa 23, 24, 59, 61 may include Horticulture Club.\nMa 25, 28 may include Corn Score Card.\nMa 28 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association; Incl. Dairy Clubs).\nMa 30, 65 may include Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club.\nMa 61 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nMa 65 may include Little International Livestock Show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa 221, 223-233, 239 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nMa 222, 224, 226-228, 259, 262, 264 may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 309 may include Alumni Gate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAAg 355 may include Jamestown Centennial Festival (VPI Horticulturists Plant Indian Tobacco).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAEc 8, 264 may include Virginia Summer School For Town \u0026amp; Country Ministers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAHr 223 may include Weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAIn 85, 86 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 177, 177a, 835, 208, 230a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nMAM 198, 199, 203-206, 212, 215, 251, 254-260 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nMAM 203, 207, 211, 1957 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAM 264 may include Atoms (Film By VPI \"Infant Giant\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar O1 may include \"Pot Pourri\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMasb 22 may include High School Science Teachers Summer Institute.\nMasb 23 may include Conservation Short Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMAV may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl may include Community Concert Association and Earthquakes.\nMbl 1a, 2, 4, 417, 472, 473, 1438, 1441, 1445, 1564, 1592, 1603 may include \"Huckleberry\".\nMbl 5, 1206-1207 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nMbl 1052, 1054, 1189 may include Future Farmers Of America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 4 may include Sham Battle.\nMbl 5 may include American Red Cross.\nMbl 9 may include \"Solitude\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 77 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMbl 1206 may include Lybrook Row.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv may include Mall and President's Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 96 may include Doorways - V.P.I. Buildings.\nMcv 99 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcv 130 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 18 may include Sham Battle.\nMfi 23 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association);  Hoof \u0026amp; Horn Club; and Masons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMfi 74 may include Freshmen.\nMfi 120, 149, 151, 157 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcon may include Community Concert Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 4, 7 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Poultry Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMco 57 may include Russian Language Course.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMda 2 may include Lynchburg Club.\nMda 29 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde may include Accidents And Deaths.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 6 may include Highty-Tighties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMde 28 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture; Campus Development Plan; and \"Pre-Centennial Development Program\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMdev 7 may include Arboretum (Sculpture).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMed 8-12, 17 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe may include Engineering, College Of, and Geology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMe 9 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nMe 12 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nMe 72 may include Mall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMenr may include Freshmen and Orientation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMext may include Branch Colleges Of VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 29 may include Wine Faculty Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMf 360, 416 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eML 1 may include Loans To Students.\nML 2, 3, 4, 5 may include Rison Bill.\nML 4 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nML 7, 8, 9, 10 may include Bonds, V.P.I. (To Finance Building Of War Memorial Hall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm may include Uniforms, Military, Armistice Day, Corps Of Cadets, and  Military Organizations.\nMm 3, 7, 7c, 15, 135 may include Highty-Tighties.\nMm 42, 43, 63, 72, 94, 105, 116, 124, 130, 132, 159, 164 may include Kohler Trophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 14, 16 may include Inspection, Military.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMm 21, 22, 23, 24 may include Foch Celebration.\nMM 78 may include Air R.O.T.C.\nMm 92 may include World War I and World War Ii.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM may include Armistice Day; Art, Dept. Of; Arts \u0026amp; Sciences, College Of [Obsolete]; Class Of (Different Years); Concerts \u0026amp; Plays (Not VPI); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (Off-Campus); Conferences, Seminars, Workshops (On-Campus); Engineering Exposition; Engineering, College Of; Enrollment \u0026amp; Registration; Highty-Tighties; Horse Show; and Snow Battle.\nM 10, 119, 802 may include Faculty.\nM 10, 123, 171 may include Engineering Experiment Station.\nM 22, 54, 103, 104, 236, 245 may include Fires--On Campus.\nM 23, 24, 26a, 103, 104 may include Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nM 23, 31, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Mcbryde Building Of Mechanic Arts (The Shops).\nM 23, 245, 805, 862 may include Trees--V.P.I. Campus.\nM 24, 26, 29, 115, 166, 170a, 195, 214, 218, 222 may include Science Club Obsolete.\nM 25, 31, 112, 118, 120 may include Maury Literary Society.\nM 26, 28, 73 may include Farmer's Winter Short Course.\nM 26, 85, 120, 511 may include Inspection, Military.\nM 29, 30, 134, 135 may include Grounds (Buildings \u0026amp;).\nM 31, 40, 95, 99, 113, 115, 132, 215, 236, 240, 241, 242 may include Rat System.\nM 31, 46, 263 may include Gitt, William G. (\"Uncle Bill\").\nM 54, 113 may include World War I.\nM 66, 69, 70, 534 may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nM 71, 738, 759 may include Masons.\nM 74, 233, 234 may include Student Volunteer Movement.\nM 77, 134, 139, 275, 369, 371 may include Course Of Study.\nM 82, 87-89, 134, 157, 226 may include Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad.\nM 82, 125, 129, 153, 517 may include American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme).\nM 93, 224, 489 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers.\nM 97, 107a, 113, 120, 121, 123, 131, 773, 774 may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nM 102, 167, 203 may include Chemical Club / Chemistry Club.\nM 109, 116, 276 may include Home Demonstration.\nM 111, 113, 133, 134, 148, 718, 722, 723, 807 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nM 115, 116, 135, 138, 148, 139, 785, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Patton Hall.\nM 115, 168 may include Shenandoah Valley Club.\nM 122, 182 may include Fertilizer Short Course School M 122, 182.\nM 125, 178, 240, 193 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 127, 138, 176, 194a, 214, 236 may include American Chemical Society (Student Affiliate).\nM 128, 222, 339, 340, 442 may include Virginia Social Science Association.\nM 130, 394, 495, 513, 514 may include American Red Cross.\nM 131, 210, 786, 810, 837 may include Buildings - Academic Buildings 1 \u0026amp; 2.\nM 134, 148, 149, 160, 182, 184, 185, 195, 238, 273, 276, 278, 318, 331, 438, 447, 464, 465, 470, 471, 481, 498, 849 may include Airport (Officially Opened In 1939).\nM 135, 293 may include Stroubles Creek (Strubbles Creek).\nM 135, 330, 356, 398 may include Educators' Conference.\nM 136, 726, 11/1, 18, 31, 152 may include Dining Halls.\nM 138, 148, 738, 739, 755, 757, 763, 802 may include Buildings - Henderson Hall (Infirmary).\nM 140, 141, 147-149, 225, 326, 329, 508 may include Geology.\nM 140, 149, 835 may include Buildings - Power Plant.\nM 140, 312, 460 may include Rural Electrification Short Course.\nM 150, 223, 350, 382, 462, 464 may include Freshmen.\nM 151, 171, 380, 811 may include Quarries.\nM 151, 176 may include Lynchburg Club.\nM 151, 314, 516 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\nM 154-1930 to M 347-1937 may include Rural Minister's Short Course.\nM 155, 455, 504, 153 may include Virginia Associated Plumbing, Heating, Contractors.\nM 157, 160, 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Saunders Hall (Dairy Science).\nM 160, 165 may include Engineering, Ceramic.\nM 161, 163, 173, 179, 189, 203, 337 (Civilian Students Union) may include Student Government Association.\nM 161, 170, 174 may include Soil Survey (Virginia).\nM 164, 165, 191, 324 may include Thanksgiving Game.\nM 173, 267, 309, 390, 433, 436, 610 may include Weather.\nM 174, 186, 187, 275, 448 may include Engineering, College Of.\nM 179a, 416 may include Noell Act.\nM 209, 709, 785, 804, 810, 825, 826, 126, 208 may include Buildings - Davidson Hall (Chemical Engineering).\nM 220, 223, 397 may include Future Farmers Of America.\nM 225, 239, 351, 458, 467 may include Home Economics, College Of (Human Resources).\nM 232, 517, 220, 224 may include Engineering, Metallurgical.\nM 235, 389 may include Engineering, Chemical.\nM 271, 886 may include Biology, Dept. Of.\nM 282a, 312 may include Out-Of-School Youth.\nM 295, 352 may include Graham Plan (Re: Athletic Aid).\nM 376, 390, 393, 394, 413, 417, 424, 714, 727, 785, 786, 804, 810, 887, 890, 891 may include Buildings - Owens Dining Hall.\nM 393, 785, 786 may include Buildings - Eggleston Hall (East Stone Dorm).\nM 397, 835a may include Institute Of Rural Affairs.\nM 407, 481 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nM 443, 693 may include Treasury, V.P.I.\nM 452, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Holden Hall.\nM 458, 463, 468, 469, 810 may include Buildings - Hillcrest (\"Skirt Barn\").\nM 467, 483, 487, 488, 854, 223 may include Boycotts.\nM 548, 568 may include Cave Club.\nM 637, 835, 836, 837, 844 may include Buildings - Dormitories.\nM 660, 772, 773, 776, 781, 785, 786, 792, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 878 may include Buildings - Williams Hall.\nM 690, 714, 731, 745, 746 may include Rad-Tech.\nM 755, 756, 763, 882, 883, 890 may include Buildings - Greenhouse (Dept. Of Horticulture).\nM 760, 761, 781, 782, 785, 791, 794, 796, 796a, 804, 810, 835, 882, 883, 886, 878, 881 may include Buildings - Randolph Hall.\nM 760, 772, 774, 835 may include Buildings - Meat \u0026amp; Processing Lab.\nM 780, 792, 805, 807, 824, 835 may include Buildings - Livestock \u0026amp; Poultry Disease Lab.\nM 785, 802, 835, 837 may include Buildings - Rasche Hall.\nM 785, 802, 879 may include Buildings - Brodie Hall and Shanks Hall (No. 4 \u0026amp; No. 7 Barracks United).\nM 787, 788, 794, 796, 797, 799-801, 804, 806, 810, 811, 819, 820, 823, 824, 827, 830, 832-834, 834a, 835-836 may include Buildings - Library - Carol M. Newman Library.\nM 810, 815, 868 may include Buildings - Commencement Hall (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 810, 835 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 880-887, 890, 893, 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Robeson Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 12 may include Christmas Card V.P.I. and Class Ticket.\nM 17a may include Virginia Agricultural \u0026amp; Mechanical College (Vamc).\nM 20 may include Pulaski Club.\nM 22, 37 may include Buildings - Preston \u0026amp; Olin Buildings.\nM 23, 24 may include Septic Tank.\nM 30 may include Little International Livestock Show.\nM 55, 76 may include Hikes - Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 68, 69, 78, 109, 123, 137, 139 may include Farmers' Institute.\nM 73 may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nM 80, 137 may include Dismissal.\nM 81, 82, 92, 129 may include American Society Of Civil Engineers.\nM 88 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall).\nM 94 may include Techgram.\nM 95 may include Mail Service (Campus).\nM 95, 96, 97, 108 may include Fires--Fought Off Campus.\nM 108, 155 may include May Day.\nM 115, 117 may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\nM 116 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Horticulture.\nM 116, 117, 120 may include University Club.\nM 117-118 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Dairy Short Course.\nM 118 may include State Crop Pest Commission.\nM 122, 137, 154 may include Electric Meterman's Short Course.\nM 123 may include Hunt House.\nM 125 may include Agricultural Students' Honorary Council.\nM 130 may include United Daughters Of The Confederacy, 1927 Meeting At VPI.\nM 132 may include Coal.\nM 138, 139 may include Male Chorus At VPI.\nM 153 may include Publications, V.P.I.; Sham Battle; and Wine Scholarship.\nM 153, 154, 155 may include Engineer's Day.\nM 157 may include Buildings - Print Shop (Old M. E. Laboratory).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 166, 196, 201, 218, 224 may include \"Technical Topics\" (1931-1941).\nM 167, 168, 171, 175, 188, 192, 215, 218, 231 may include Demolay Club.\nM 169 may include Industrial Surveys.\nM 170a may include Southern Collegian Magazine (1931).\nM 171 may include The Tin Horn (Co-Ed Yearbook, 1929-1931).\nM 176 may include VPI Skipper (Student Humor Magazine).\nM 179a, 180, 181 may include Landscape Design School (Short Course).\nM 180, 205 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall Centennial Celebration (1931).\nM 186, 225 may include American Country Life Association.\nM 188, 203 may include Chemistry, Dept. Of.\nM 189 may include Southern Colonels (Dance Orchestra).\nM 190 may include Roadside Landscaping.\nM 191 may include Lutheran Students' Association (Of America).\nM 195 may include Scorpions Club.\nM 196, 198, 219 may include Rifle Team.\nM 199 may include Prohibition Poll.\nM 203 may include Church Attendance.\nM 205 may include Lonesome Pine Club, Northern Neck Club, and Richmond Club.\nM 208 may include Pittsylvania Club.\nM 212 may include Rappahannock Valley Club and Roanoke Club.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 214, 216, 227 may include Swimming Pool.\nM 215, 230 may include Baptist Student Convention.\nM 220 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nM 222, 231, 270 may include Depression \u0026amp; Recovery.\nM 223 may include Bachelor's Club.\nM 228, 239 may include Beer Licenses.\nM 230 may include American Legion.\nM 230, 231 may include Civil Works Project.\nM 230, 232, 240, 242, 285 may include Rescue Squad.\nM 231, 237, 239, 262, 276 may include Buildings - Utilities Building.\nM 234 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nM 234, 236, 236a may include Virginia Association Of International Relations.\nM 237 may include Cancer Research.\nM 241 may include Buildings - Faculty Center.\nM 241, 244, 245 may include Virginia Library Association.\nM 241, 258, 262 may include Federal Emergency Relief Administration.\nM 245 may include Fire Brigade.\nM 258, 262 may include Merchant Marine Officers Training School.\nM 262 may include Reflecting Pool.\nM 268, 275 may include Birds (Study).\nM 275 may include Aeronautical Course.\nM 278 may include Guidon.\nM 295 may include Evening Classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 323 may include American Institute Of Chemical Engineers.\nM 338 may include Street Lighting.\nM 352 may include Southern Conference.\nM 356 may include Cooking For Boys.\nM 363, 365 may include Nautical Training School.\nM 363, 387 may include Virginia Educational Association.\nM 382 may include Student Identification Cards.\nM 388 may include Post-Graduate Club.\nM 390 may include Building Layouts.\nM 404 may include Cooperatives.\nM 412, 414 may include League Of Virginia Counties.\nM 417 may include Quadrangle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 433, 434 may include Mining Bureau.\nM 433, 449, 453, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 481, 488, 489, 523 may include World War Ii.\nM 438, 439, 441 may include Training Plane.\nM 438, 443, 452, 459, 470, 483, 485 may include Works Progress Administration (Wpa).\nM 443 may include Association Of College Libraries Of Southwest Virginia.\nM 452 may include Buildings - Seitz Hall (Agricultural Engineering Building).\nM 481 may include Keramos and Rankine, William J. M.\nM 490 may include William \u0026amp; Mary, College Of.\nM 493 may include Recruiting (Military).\nM 513, 519 may include Water Shortage.\nM 520 may include American Institute Of Architects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 579, 585 may include Nursery School-VPI.\nM 641 may include Napoleonana Collection.\nM 658, 660, 677, 691, 693 may include Sewage Disposal Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 709 may include Buildings - R.O.T.C Building (Building 364).\nM 710, 757-760, 763, 771-772 may include Mall.\nM 723 may include Buildings - Mining Engineering Building.\nM 726, 727, 734, 735, 745, 746, 746a, 804 may include Buildings - Femoyer Hall, Monteith Hall, and Thomas Hall.\nM 735, 738, 739, 742, 755, 756, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Smyth Hall (Formerly Known As Natural Science Building).\nM 737, 741 may include Piedmont Research Laboratory (Charlottesville).\nM 738 may include Tomato Clubs.\nM 738, 739, 802, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Agnew Hall.\nM 738, 739, 804, 810 may include Buildings - Price Hall (\"Old Aggie\").\nM 746 may include Winchester Research Laboratory.\nM 752, 786, 794, 780, 781, 785 may include Buildings - Library (Old Chapel Building) (Burned).\nM 755, 756, 757 may include Buildings - Dairy Barn.\nM 757 may include Bear (Wanders Through Campus).\nM 758 may include War Memorial Chapel.\nM 773, 774 may include Radio Station - WUVT.\nM 785, 802 may include Buildings - Lane Hall.\nM 785, 804 may include Buildings - Campbell Hall (West Stone Dorm).\nM 807, 812 may include Buildings - Athletic Plant.\nM 810 may include Buildings - Hutcheson Hall (Formerly New Agricultural Hall) and Performing Arts \u0026amp; Communications Building (Ymca Building, 1899-1936; Old Military Building, 1937-1966; Student Personnel Building, 1966-1972).\nM 815 may include Motion Picture Unit At VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM 829 may include Racial \u0026amp; Ethnic Minorities (Campus).\nM 835-837, 870 may include Buildings - Pamplin Hall (Commerce Hall 2).\nM 862 may include Buildings - Barns.\nM 868 no. 8 may include Cornerstone Markers (Old Commerce Hall).\nM 881 may include Computing Center.\nM 882, 883 may include Buildings - Swine Center.\nM 886 may include Agriculture \u0026amp; Life Sciences, College Of - Veterinary Science.\nM 890 may include Mccormick, Cyrus Hall.\nM 890, 892 may include Buildings - Norris Hall.\nM 894, 895 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 31 may include Colors, V.P.I. (Orange \u0026amp; Maroon).\nMla 88 may include \"GOBBLERS\" (nickname).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMla 367 may include Yells-VPI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 13, 17z may include Rankine, William J. M.\nMo 15, 16 may include Student Government Association.\nMo 20z73, 23 may include Sigma Mu Sigma (National College Masonic Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1 may include Lee Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 1a, 1b, 1c, 1c1, 1c2, 1d may include Maury Literary Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 2 may include Christian Science Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 3 may include Fraternities \u0026amp; Sororities--Social.\nMo 3a may include Kappa Sigma.\nMo 3b may include Sigma Alpha.\nMo 3b, 3d may include Pi Kappa Alpha (Social Fraternity).\nMo 3c may include Alpha Phi.\nMo 3c no. 2 may include Beta Theta Pi (Social Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4 may include Music Groups and Tech Minstrels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 4m may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 6 may include Apple Club; Black Diamond Club; City, County \u0026amp; Sectional Clubs; Lonesome Pine Club; Lynchburg Club; Northern Neck Club; Peanut Club; Pittsylvania Club; Richmond Club; Roanoke Club; and Shenandoah Valley Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 7 may include Tech Players and Thespian Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 8 may include Virgnia Polytechnic Societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 11 may include Student Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16 may include Honor System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 16m, 16r may include Highty-Tighties.\nMo 16p may include Kohler Trophy.\nMo 16s may include Company B, Corps Of Cadets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z, 31-33, 55, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 may include War Memorial Chapel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17g, 17m, 17L may include Buildings - War Memorial Gymnasium.\nMo 17h, 17g may include Buildings - Alumni Building.\nMo 17s3, 17s5, 17s7 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\nMo 17t may include V.P.I. Alumnus.\nMo 17z29 may include Campus Development Plan.\nMo 17z31 may include Victory Reunion (1946).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 17z101 may include Carillon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20 may include Fraternities--Honorary.\nMo 20c, 20f, 20t, 20v, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20z12, 20z40, 20z76, 20z96 may include Sigma Xi (Honorary Faculty Research Society).\nMo 20g, 20o, 20w, 20y, 20z, 20z40 may include Pi Delta Epsilon (Journalism Honorary).\nMo 20j, 20m, 20o, 20t, 20w, 20x, 20z, 20zl, 20z3, 20z5, 20z95, 20z19, 20z94 may include Omicron Delta Kappa (Leadership Fraternity), Alpha Omicron Circle.\nMo 20q, 20s, 20z5, 20z71 may include Alpha Kappa Psi (Professional Business Fraternity).\nMo 20z22, 20z23, 20z32, 20z9, 20z70 may include Gregory Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20, 20d, 20g2, 20h, 20p, 20r, 20w, 20y, 20zl, 20z2, 20z5, 20z6 may include Phi Kappa Phi (Scholarship Honorary).\nMo 20d, 20e, 20f, 20m, 20s may include Alpha Zeta (National Agriculture Society).\nMo 20e may include Scorpions Club.\nMo 20f, 20g may include Beta Tau Epsilon (Engineering).\nMo 20f, 20p, 20z, 20zl, 20z3 may include Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemistry Honorary).\nMo 20g, 20h, 20j, 20p, 20q, 20r, 20u, 20x, 20z, 20z2, 20z11 may include Tau Beta Pi (Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20g2 may include Theta Epsilon Theta (Research Honorary Society).\nMo 20h may include Phi Gamma Nu.\nMo 20h, 20w, 20z2, 20z6, 20z7 may include Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary).\nMo 20m, 20n, 20t, 20z, 20z3, 20z6, 20z8 may include Scabbard \u0026amp; Blade (Honorary Military Society).\nMo 20w, 20x, 20z1, 20z3 may include Pi Tau Sigma (National Honorary, Mechanical Engineering).\nMo 20w, 20z, 20z1 may include Eta Kappa Nu (Ee Honorary).\nMo 20z may include Keramos.\nMo 20z, z2, z3 may include Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honorary).\nMo 20z1 may include Alpha Sigma Mu (Metallurgical Engineering Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 20z28, 20z29 may include Sigma Pi Sigma.\nMo 20z27 may include Phi Sigma Society (Biological Sciences Honorary).\nMo 20z48 may include Pi Omega Pi (Business Education Honorary).\nMo 20z60 may include Alpha Phi Omega (National Service Fraternity).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 22 may include American Society Of Agricultural Engineers and Four-H Alumni Club.\nMo 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22g may include Agronomy Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 24 may include \"Skippers\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo27 may include Dairy Science Club (American Dairy Science Association).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 33 may include Chemical Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 34 may include Industrial Arts Education Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 35 may include Baptist Student Union, Religious Activities, and Wesley Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 37 may include Engineers and Engineering Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 42 may include Blacksburg Naval Reserve Research Unit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 49 may include Circle K (Student Organizatons - Service).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 50 may include Apollo Club (Weightlifting Club, 1954).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 52 may include Aeronautical Clubs - American Institute Of Aeronautics; American Institute Aeronautical Science; American Institute Of Aeronautics \u0026amp; Astronautics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 54 may include Burkhart Mining Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 60 may include Holden Society (Student Geological Organization).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 61 may include Amateur Radio Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 64 may include Chinese Student Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 65 may include Distributive Education, Curriculum In.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMo 67 may include Virginia Educational Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 7 may include Rison Bill.\nMp 54 may include Buildings - Burruss Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMp 164 may include Name Change.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMra may include Radford University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMst may include Cadet Scandal and Student Unrest / Troubles / Protests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAB may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eABB may include Athletics - Wrestling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAF may include Scrub Football Team.\nAF 1914c may include Songs Of VPI Incl. Moonlight \u0026amp; VPI, Tech Triumph, Ut Prosim.\nAF 1919s may include Silent Drill Company.\nAF 1922L may include Maury Literary Society.\nAF 1923z3 may include Monogram Club and Buildings - Field House (1914) (Burned).\nAF 1922z11 may include Dope Book (VPI - Vmi History).\nAF 1924 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAF 1955 may include Sword (Ceremonial; VPI-VMI Game).\nAF 1959z10 may include Television (1959 Homecoming Game - A \"First\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAG may include Athletics - Intra-Murals; Athletics - Women'S Sports; Athletics, Miscellaneous (Including \"Minor\", Unlisted Sports); and Miscellaneous Sports.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAG 1, 5 may include Athletic Department (Formerly Athletic Association).\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Conference.\nAG 5, 6 may include Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.\nAG 11 may include Buildings - Miles Stadium, 1926-1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAT may include Athletics - Track \u0026amp; Field.\nAT 1900, 1903, 1920c may include Field Day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMu may include Buildings - University Club Building (Residence).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMW 14, 23, 34, 27, 37, 53 may include Lakes \u0026amp; Ponds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW la, 7a, 7c may include American Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3151_c27_c03"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Friends","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["duPont family papers","Alfred I. Du Pont papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["duPont family papers","Alfred I. Du Pont papers"],"text":["duPont family papers","Alfred I. Du Pont papers","Friends","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","English","This series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises."],"title_filing_ssi":"Friends","title_ssm":["Friends"],"title_tesim":["Friends"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1908-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1908/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Friends"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["duPont family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":45,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":234,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"names_ssim":["Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959"],"corpname_ssim":["Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Du Pont Maternity Hospital"],"persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Seagle, Oscar","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-20T21:30:16.538Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_572.xml","title_ssm":["duPont family papers"],"title_tesim":["duPont family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572","duPont family papers","Correspondence","Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","The Alfred I. Du Pont Nemours papers consist of those            Du Pont manuscripts which were maintained at Nemours, the            family estate in Wilmington, Delaware. At some point they            were shipped to the offices of the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Religious, Charitable and Educational Fund in Jacksonville,            Florida. As designated by Jessie Ball duPont in her will,            the Nemours papers were donated to Washington and Lee            University, along with the duPont family papers located in            Jacksonville. Because of their distinct provenance it was            decided to process the papers from Nemours as a separate            series rather than integrating them into the Alfred I.            Du Pont Jacksonville papers or into the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Papers.","The original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023.","This series is related to the duPont genealogy in France and the United States, family relics, and tributes to Alfred I. duPont. It also includes correspondence and notes and galley sheets by Marquis James in preparation for publication of his biography, \"Alfred I. duPont: The Family Rebel.\"","Items selected by Jesse Ball duPont, 1874-1940.","This series contains correspondence and legal documents relating to Alfred's relationship with his three wives and his children. His detailed correspondence with his adopted daughter Alicia through her childhood and early married years in Europe present an especially detailed picture of the lifestyle and spending habits of an extremely wealthy family. Alfred also carried on a lifelong correspondence with his daughter Madeleine who settled in Munich, Germany. Letters exchanged with his brother Maurice document the rise and fall of the powder business, other business activities, and numerous social events. Alfred's especially candid letters with his older sister Marguerite, whom it is said, was the only person he feared, reveal his most intimate thoughts and activities.","This series is made up of Alfred's extensive correspondence with cousins, nieces, and nephews, many of whom received his financial support. These included members of his third wife Jessie's family whom he adopted as his own. In his letters to his children he was especially warm and lighthearted, showing a side of his character which was not always evident in adult relations.","This series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises.","Records contain correspondence regarding the operation of the Wilmington Morning News and other newspapers and their duPont influenced editorial policy. Other records related to E. M. Davis and T. W. Jakes, political informants on the duPont payroll, and Alfred's views on women's suffrage, World War I, welfare reform, and a host of other topics.","Business records document the early days of the duPont Powder Company at the turn of the century to its breakup in 1915. Included is correspondence between Alfred, his cousin,Frank Cazenove Jones, and his brother, Maurice duPont. The details of the duPont family lawsuit are covered, including the reports of lawyers and private detectives. Banking ventures, the Nemours Trading Co., a variety of business and real estate ventures, and Alfred's 1912 activities in Paris are included.","Intimate details of the duPont family are documented. Subjects include: deafness, storage of furs, jewels, purchase of antiques, intimate articles, home furnishings, clubs, personal views, poetry, and musical compositions by Alfred.","This series deals with Alfred's vast interest and knowledge of automobiles, pumps, machinery, and gadgets. It documents his lifelong preoccupation with the design and construction of yachts, particularly the Nenemoosha.","Alfred's Delaware estate, Nemours, was another lifelong project. These records document earliest plans and stages of construction. Correspondence with contractors describes details of decorations, placement of monuments, water systems, supervision of staff, purchase of antiques, decorating, landscaping, supplies, and operation of the \"Blue Ball\" farm as part of the estate.","The wide variety of duPont charities is documented. The record begins with Alfred's earliest doling out of small payments to the needy in his community to the establishment of hospitals and the reform of the welfare system for the state of Delaware. Alfred's increased interest in charities during the Great Depression is documented.","Florida records include correspondence with Edward Ball, Alfred's brother-in-law and business manager. Included are banking reports and records related to construction and upkeep of Epping Forest as well as Nemours.","The Nemours Papers are part of the Du Pont Family Collection         and consist of 15 linear feet of records dating from 1831 to         1947. The bulk of the material dates from 1915 to 1935 and         reflects the business, financial, and family affairs of Alfred         I. duPont (1864-1935). In addition, the Papers include some of         the records of Alfred's second wife, Alicia Bradford Maddox         duPont (1875-1920), and his third wife, Jessie Ball duPont         (1884-1970).","Document types include personal and business         correspondence, as well as legal documents, which relate         primarily to patents and to several lawsuits in which Alfred         I. duPont was involved. Business and financial records relate         to family matters, such as Alfred I. duPont's guardianship of         Alicia Amory Maddox, as well as to professional interests such         as mining. The Papers include printed materials, such as         clippings, pamphlets, and magazine articles. They also contain         a large number of photographs documenting the family and         social lives of Alfred I. and Jessie Ball duPont.","The Alfred I. duPont Nemours Papers have been arranged as         six series: Correspondence, Business and Financial Records,         Legal Records, General, Printed Materials, and         Photographs.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","The Wilmington Morning News Building design drawings (in pencil) have been transferred to Oversize collection storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs ","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"normalized_title_ssm":["duPont family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["duPont family papers"],"collection_ssim":["duPont family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creators_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alfred I. Du Pont Nemours papers consist of those            Du Pont manuscripts which were maintained at Nemours, the            family estate in Wilmington, Delaware. At some point they            were shipped to the offices of the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Religious, Charitable and Educational Fund in Jacksonville,            Florida. As designated by Jessie Ball duPont in her will,            the Nemours papers were donated to Washington and Lee            University, along with the duPont family papers located in            Jacksonville. Because of their distinct provenance it was            decided to process the papers from Nemours as a separate            series rather than integrating them into the Alfred I.            Du Pont Jacksonville papers or into the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Alfred I. Du Pont Nemours papers consist of those            Du Pont manuscripts which were maintained at Nemours, the            family estate in Wilmington, Delaware. At some point they            were shipped to the offices of the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Religious, Charitable and Educational Fund in Jacksonville,            Florida. As designated by Jessie Ball duPont in her will,            the Nemours papers were donated to Washington and Lee            University, along with the duPont family papers located in            Jacksonville. Because of their distinct provenance it was            decided to process the papers from Nemours as a separate            series rather than integrating them into the Alfred I.            Du Pont Jacksonville papers or into the Jessie Ball Du Pont            Papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series is related to the duPont genealogy in France and the United States, family relics, and tributes to Alfred I. duPont. It also includes correspondence and notes and galley sheets by Marquis James in preparation for publication of his biography, \"Alfred I. duPont: The Family Rebel.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems selected by Jesse Ball duPont, 1874-1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains correspondence and legal documents relating to Alfred's relationship with his three wives and his children. His detailed correspondence with his adopted daughter Alicia through her childhood and early married years in Europe present an especially detailed picture of the lifestyle and spending habits of an extremely wealthy family. Alfred also carried on a lifelong correspondence with his daughter Madeleine who settled in Munich, Germany. Letters exchanged with his brother Maurice document the rise and fall of the powder business, other business activities, and numerous social events. Alfred's especially candid letters with his older sister Marguerite, whom it is said, was the only person he feared, reveal his most intimate thoughts and activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is made up of Alfred's extensive correspondence with cousins, nieces, and nephews, many of whom received his financial support. These included members of his third wife Jessie's family whom he adopted as his own. In his letters to his children he was especially warm and lighthearted, showing a side of his character which was not always evident in adult relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords contain correspondence regarding the operation of the Wilmington Morning News and other newspapers and their duPont influenced editorial policy. Other records related to E. M. Davis and T. W. Jakes, political informants on the duPont payroll, and Alfred's views on women's suffrage, World War I, welfare reform, and a host of other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness records document the early days of the duPont Powder Company at the turn of the century to its breakup in 1915. Included is correspondence between Alfred, his cousin,Frank Cazenove Jones, and his brother, Maurice duPont. The details of the duPont family lawsuit are covered, including the reports of lawyers and private detectives. Banking ventures, the Nemours Trading Co., a variety of business and real estate ventures, and Alfred's 1912 activities in Paris are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntimate details of the duPont family are documented. Subjects include: deafness, storage of furs, jewels, purchase of antiques, intimate articles, home furnishings, clubs, personal views, poetry, and musical compositions by Alfred.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series deals with Alfred's vast interest and knowledge of automobiles, pumps, machinery, and gadgets. It documents his lifelong preoccupation with the design and construction of yachts, particularly the Nenemoosha.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred's Delaware estate, Nemours, was another lifelong project. These records document earliest plans and stages of construction. Correspondence with contractors describes details of decorations, placement of monuments, water systems, supervision of staff, purchase of antiques, decorating, landscaping, supplies, and operation of the \"Blue Ball\" farm as part of the estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe wide variety of duPont charities is documented. The record begins with Alfred's earliest doling out of small payments to the needy in his community to the establishment of hospitals and the reform of the welfare system for the state of Delaware. Alfred's increased interest in charities during the Great Depression is documented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorida records include correspondence with Edward Ball, Alfred's brother-in-law and business manager. Included are banking reports and records related to construction and upkeep of Epping Forest as well as Nemours.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Nemours Papers are part of the Du Pont Family Collection         and consist of 15 linear feet of records dating from 1831 to         1947. The bulk of the material dates from 1915 to 1935 and         reflects the business, financial, and family affairs of Alfred         I. duPont (1864-1935). In addition, the Papers include some of         the records of Alfred's second wife, Alicia Bradford Maddox         duPont (1875-1920), and his third wife, Jessie Ball duPont         (1884-1970).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument types include personal and business         correspondence, as well as legal documents, which relate         primarily to patents and to several lawsuits in which Alfred         I. duPont was involved. Business and financial records relate         to family matters, such as Alfred I. duPont's guardianship of         Alicia Amory Maddox, as well as to professional interests such         as mining. The Papers include printed materials, such as         clippings, pamphlets, and magazine articles. They also contain         a large number of photographs documenting the family and         social lives of Alfred I. and Jessie Ball duPont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Alfred I. duPont Nemours Papers have been arranged as         six series: Correspondence, Business and Financial Records,         Legal Records, General, Printed Materials, and         Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series is related to the duPont genealogy in France and the United States, family relics, and tributes to Alfred I. duPont. It also includes correspondence and notes and galley sheets by Marquis James in preparation for publication of his biography, \"Alfred I. duPont: The Family Rebel.\"","Items selected by Jesse Ball duPont, 1874-1940.","This series contains correspondence and legal documents relating to Alfred's relationship with his three wives and his children. His detailed correspondence with his adopted daughter Alicia through her childhood and early married years in Europe present an especially detailed picture of the lifestyle and spending habits of an extremely wealthy family. Alfred also carried on a lifelong correspondence with his daughter Madeleine who settled in Munich, Germany. Letters exchanged with his brother Maurice document the rise and fall of the powder business, other business activities, and numerous social events. Alfred's especially candid letters with his older sister Marguerite, whom it is said, was the only person he feared, reveal his most intimate thoughts and activities.","This series is made up of Alfred's extensive correspondence with cousins, nieces, and nephews, many of whom received his financial support. These included members of his third wife Jessie's family whom he adopted as his own. In his letters to his children he was especially warm and lighthearted, showing a side of his character which was not always evident in adult relations.","This series consists of correspondence between Alfred and his closest friends throughout his lifetime. Principal correspondents include James Hackett, a noted, flamboyant actor; Jimmy L. Dashiell, musician, entrepreneur, and one-time business manager of the duPont Company; and Dr. Charles Hanby, friend, family physician, and collaborator in many charitable enterprises.","Records contain correspondence regarding the operation of the Wilmington Morning News and other newspapers and their duPont influenced editorial policy. Other records related to E. M. Davis and T. W. Jakes, political informants on the duPont payroll, and Alfred's views on women's suffrage, World War I, welfare reform, and a host of other topics.","Business records document the early days of the duPont Powder Company at the turn of the century to its breakup in 1915. Included is correspondence between Alfred, his cousin,Frank Cazenove Jones, and his brother, Maurice duPont. The details of the duPont family lawsuit are covered, including the reports of lawyers and private detectives. Banking ventures, the Nemours Trading Co., a variety of business and real estate ventures, and Alfred's 1912 activities in Paris are included.","Intimate details of the duPont family are documented. Subjects include: deafness, storage of furs, jewels, purchase of antiques, intimate articles, home furnishings, clubs, personal views, poetry, and musical compositions by Alfred.","This series deals with Alfred's vast interest and knowledge of automobiles, pumps, machinery, and gadgets. It documents his lifelong preoccupation with the design and construction of yachts, particularly the Nenemoosha.","Alfred's Delaware estate, Nemours, was another lifelong project. These records document earliest plans and stages of construction. Correspondence with contractors describes details of decorations, placement of monuments, water systems, supervision of staff, purchase of antiques, decorating, landscaping, supplies, and operation of the \"Blue Ball\" farm as part of the estate.","The wide variety of duPont charities is documented. The record begins with Alfred's earliest doling out of small payments to the needy in his community to the establishment of hospitals and the reform of the welfare system for the state of Delaware. Alfred's increased interest in charities during the Great Depression is documented.","Florida records include correspondence with Edward Ball, Alfred's brother-in-law and business manager. Included are banking reports and records related to construction and upkeep of Epping Forest as well as Nemours.","The Nemours Papers are part of the Du Pont Family Collection         and consist of 15 linear feet of records dating from 1831 to         1947. The bulk of the material dates from 1915 to 1935 and         reflects the business, financial, and family affairs of Alfred         I. duPont (1864-1935). In addition, the Papers include some of         the records of Alfred's second wife, Alicia Bradford Maddox         duPont (1875-1920), and his third wife, Jessie Ball duPont         (1884-1970).","Document types include personal and business         correspondence, as well as legal documents, which relate         primarily to patents and to several lawsuits in which Alfred         I. duPont was involved. Business and financial records relate         to family matters, such as Alfred I. duPont's guardianship of         Alicia Amory Maddox, as well as to professional interests such         as mining. The Papers include printed materials, such as         clippings, pamphlets, and magazine articles. They also contain         a large number of photographs documenting the family and         social lives of Alfred I. and Jessie Ball duPont.","The Alfred I. duPont Nemours Papers have been arranged as         six series: Correspondence, Business and Financial Records,         Legal Records, General, Printed Materials, and         Photographs."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlueprint moved to Oversize storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wilmington Morning News Building design drawings (in pencil) have been transferred to Oversize collection storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlueprint moved to Oversize storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlueprint moved to Oversize storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlueprint moved to Oversize storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlueprint moved to Oversize storage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","The Wilmington Morning News Building design drawings (in pencil) have been transferred to Oversize collection storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage.","Blueprint moved to Oversize storage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs ","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. 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L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1443,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T21:30:16.538Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Iron, Ore \u0026 Pig"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Iron, Ore \u0026 Pig"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Iron, Ore \u0026 Pig","F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace","8 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace","title_ssm":["F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace"],"title_tesim":["F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1895-1918"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["F. Shipments-Covington\n                     Furnace"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["8 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":56,"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#11/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c12_c06"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"F. Stack Mines","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c21","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c21","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c21"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c21"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Payroll Books"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Payroll Books"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Payroll Books","F. Stack Mines","5 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"F. Stack Mines","title_ssm":["F. Stack Mines"],"title_tesim":["F. Stack Mines"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1881-1909"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1881/1909"],"normalized_title_ssm":["F. Stack Mines"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["5 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":115,"date_range_isim":[1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#20/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c21_c06"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"F. Store #7","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c10","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c10","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Inventories"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Inventories"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Inventories","F. Store #7","15 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"F. Store #7","title_ssm":["F. Store #7"],"title_tesim":["F. Store #7"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1904-1916"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/1916"],"normalized_title_ssm":["F. Store #7"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["15 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":40,"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c10_c06"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"F. Transfer","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c13","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c13","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c13"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Journals"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Journals"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Journals","F. Transfer","3 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"F. Transfer","title_ssm":["F. Transfer"],"title_tesim":["F. Transfer"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1901; 1910-1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["F. Transfer"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["3 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":64,"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#12/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c13_c06"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"F. Transfer","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c01_c15","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c01_c15","parent_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c01","viu_viu00917_c01_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Letter Books"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Letter Books"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","Bound Volumes","Letter Books","F. Transfer","3 volumes"],"title_filing_ssi":"F. Transfer","title_ssm":["F. Transfer"],"title_tesim":["F. Transfer"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1901; 1910-1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["F. Transfer"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"physdesc_tesim":["3 volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":78,"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#14/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00917","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00917.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"text":["662","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.","By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n         1873-1927"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Stored off-site. Users must request boxes 48 hours in advance of desired use. Neither drop-in nor next-day requests can be fulfilled. For additional information, contact Special Collections. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n          To Mr. George Wickes \n             Supt. of Mines \n             Kay Moor, Virginia \n             Dear George, \n             Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success. Signed, \n             Ed D. Wickes Supt. of Mines Low Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n          Manufacturers Record dated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company ceased operations in 1930;\n            what happened to the records of the company in the years\n            immediately following is not known, but in 1939, the Green\n            Bookman, a Charlottesville bookshop, sold the records to\n            the University of Virginia Library.","The records arrived at the receiving room door of the\n            new Alderman Library on October 16, 1939, in a trailer\n            truck whose load was estimated to weigh about fourteen\n            tons. As the manuscripts staff dug around in the piles of\n            over 1200 account books, and countless boxes of papers they\n            realized that the company had saved almost all of its\n            papers including checks, invoices, vouchers, and receipts,\n            and certain of these records were destroyed as their\n            information was recorded in other records. Once the bulk of\n            the collection had been reduced, the remaining records were\n            transferred to the stack area of the Division of Rare Books\n            and Manuscripts."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAvailable in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Some 1200 bound accounting record books of the Low Moor\n            Iron Company came into the custody of the Library with the\n            loose papers. When the project staff investigated these\n            volumes in the dormitory attic where they were stored, they\n            found that the volumes had been shelved by size rather than\n            by series. Thus, a letterbook may stand next to a stock\n            report book for a furnace, which is, in turn, next to a\n            store account book for the Kay Moor Mines' store. No series\n            are shelved in order.","Members of the project staff surveyed the volumes,\n            completing for each volume two copies of a mimeographed\n            survey form, and assigning to each volume a number. One\n            copy of the survey report form was placed in the volume,\n            and the second was returned to the Library.","From the survey report forms, 3 x 5 inch index\n            cards--with a carbon copy of each--were typed. One set of\n            index cards has been kept in order by the numbers assigned\n            to the volumes as they stand on the shelves. This provides\n            a shelf list for the use of the library staff. The other\n            set of cards was sorted into categories as a finding aid.\n            On the list that follows, the researcher will find a number\n            of major headings such as \"Accounts,\" \"Inventories,\"\n            \"Letter Books,\" and \"Shipments-Outgoing.\"","Insofar as it has been possible to determine from the\n            data on the survey report forms, the volumes have been\n            assigned to categories. Most of the major categories, or\n            headings, have sub-headings. Within those sub-headings, the\n            volumes have been arranged chronologically. The\n            investigators realize that after careful study of some of\n            these volumes, they will be revealed as belonging to other\n            categories than those in which they have initially been\n            placed. The card index will allow such movement.","Available in the Manuscripts/Archives Reading Room in\n            the Library is the sorted card index file. There is a card\n            for every volume in this file whereas, on the pages that\n            follow, volumes have been summarized under the headings and\n            sub-headings. In each case, the number of volumes has been\n            given in the summarized list; the date ranges given are\n            inclusive in most cases, and do not reveal the many gaps in\n            sequences unless the number of volumes is small and the\n            date range wide. Occasional remarks about the content of\n            volumes have been supplied if the contents are not obvious\n            from the heading or sub-heading.","Researchers wishing to examine any of these volumes will\n            have to use the card index file in order to be able to give\n            to the staff the volume number assigned to the individual\n            volumes that are to be inspected."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company, Accession #662,\n            Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,\n            Charlottesville, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["By 1958, little storage space remained in Alderman\n            Library, and the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division was\n            especially crowded because of the rapid growth of its\n            collections. After an examination of its storage areas, the\n            division's staff decided to move the Low Moor records to\n            the attic of one of the student dormitories. The collection\n            had had little use chiefly because there was no finding\n            aid. There seemed little likelihood of extensive researcher\n            use until the collection could be processed.","In preparation for the move, the old letter boxes in\n            which much of the collection had arrived in the Library\n            were discarded. The records from each box were placed\n            between sheets of the heavy gray cardboard used to protect\n            unbound newspapers in the Library's stacks, and the spine\n            labels of the old letter boxes were copied onto the\n            cardboard. The resulting bundles were wrapped with brown\n            Kraft paper and tied up with string. The bundles were\n            numbered. Whatever original order the letter boxes may have\n            had was lost by the time they arrived in the Library, and\n            after the bundling, removal to a dormitory attic, and\n            subsequent return to the Library in 1976, all vestiges of\n            the original order were lost.","The bundles remained in the dormitory attic for almost\n            twenty years. Occasional visits were made by the division\n            staff to check on their condition, and on very rare\n            occasions, a researcher was brave enough to ask to be shown\n            the collection. Once the researcher saw the imposing amount\n            of material and the conditions in the attic, interest in\n            using the collection invariably died.","In late 1976 a grant from the National Endowment for the\n            Humanities was obtained to allow the Library to process the\n            Low Moor Iron Company papers, and the papers of Edward L.\n            Stone and the Borderland Coal Company, another large\n            collection of records stored in the same dormitory attic.\n            All of these records and papers were moved back to the\n            Library where the bundles were cleaned and opened. The\n            contents of each were placed in a Hollinger storage box,\n            and all notes on the paper wrappings and on the gray\n            cardboard sheets were recorded.","The more than 1200 bound accounting records of the Low\n            Moor Iron Company were surveyed by the grant project staff.\n            The contents of each volume were noted on a mimeographed\n            form, and later typed on 3 x 5\" cards to create a\n            readily-accessible file for the Manuscripts Reading Room.\n            This information was also typed on pages to be added to\n            this guide."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:10:02.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c01_c15_c06"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Galt Family","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Grigsby-Galt Papers","Series 4: Grigsby and Galt Family Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Grigsby-Galt Papers","Series 4: Grigsby and Galt Family Photographs"],"text":["Grigsby-Galt Papers","Series 4: Grigsby and Galt Family Photographs","Galt Family"],"title_filing_ssi":"Galt Family","title_ssm":["Galt Family"],"title_tesim":["Galt Family"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Galt Family"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":362,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:10:44.245Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8766","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8766.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Grigsby-Galt Papers","title_ssm":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1736-1982","1840-1930"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1840-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1736-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2009.308","/repositories/2/resources/8766"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2009.308","/repositories/2/resources/8766","Grigsby-Galt Papers","Charlotte County (Va.)--History--19th century","Japan--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia--History--19th century","Virginia--Social life and customs--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Farms--Virginia--History--19th century","Genealogy","Indians of North America","Legal documents","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898--Pictorial works","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Report cards","Spanish-American War, 1898","Tobacco farmers--Virginia","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--History--19th century","United States. Navy--History--20th century","Cabinet photographs","Carte de visite photographs","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Correspondence","Financial records","Genealogical tables","Greeting cards","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts for publication","Marriage certificates","Photographs","Poems","Postcards","Receipts (financial records)","Speeches","Stock certificates","Visiting cards","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Mss. Acc. 2011.269 addition given as a gift by William R. Galt.","The collection has been divided into Series 1, Galt Family; Series 2,  Grigsby Family; Series 3 for material from both families; and Series 4 for photographs from both families. Series 1, Galt Family, includes most of the correspondence from the Galt Family and is filed in chronological order, regardless of recipient.","Captain William W. Galt (1852-1934) was a direct descendent of John Minson Galt, the senior surgeon at the Battle of Yorktown and founder of the insane asylum in Williamsburg. Captain Galt's application for the position of Assistant Paymaster with the US Navy was dated March 20, 1876. He reached the ranks of Paymaster by 1893 when he was dispatched for duty to Norfolk. He served in the Navy for 50 years and won a promotion from Congress to Captain. He married Mary Blair Grigsby and they had six children. Mrs. Galt was the daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Chancellor of The College of William and Mary from 1871 to 1881. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Arranged and described by Jeffrey Flanagan, SCRC staff in September 2009-February 2010."," Processing completed in late 2010 and early 2011 by Anne Johnson.","Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss. 95 G87).","Many collections concerning various branches of the Galt Family are part of the Special Collections Research Center. Hugh Blair Grigsby documents also appear in William \u0026 Mary College collections.","The Virginia Historical Society has a large Grigsby Family collection: Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss 1 G8782 b).","This collection contains the family papers of members of the Grigsby and Galt Families. Mary Blair Grigsby married William W. Galt in 1881. The collection contains papers of various members of the Grigsby family, particulary Hugh Blair Grigsby who was a historian and Chancellor of The College of William and Mary and his son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby who lived his entire life at the family farm, Edgehill, in Charlotte County, Virginia.","The collection also contains the personal papers and some navy material of William W. Galt, U. S. Navy Paymaster and author of a book on the Battle of Manila Bay. Extensive correspondence to and from all the members of his family is included.","Both these groups contain correspondence, genealogy, financial papers and personal papers. ","The Galt Family resided in Norfolk, Virginia and the Grigsby Family at Edgehill, Drakes Branch, Charlotte County, Virginia.","Gift of the Zimermann family of Susan Galt, daughter of William W. Galt.","The Galt Family was from Norfolk, Virginia. William Wilson Galt, a Naval officer, lived at various addresses in Norfolk and overseas. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Venable Carrington, also of Norfolk, Virginia, then later of Charlotte County, Virginia. Hugh Blair Grigsby was a historian, president of the Virginia Historical Society and chancellor of William \u0026 Mary. Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt had 6 children: Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert W. Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susan D. Galt and Carrington G. Galt. These Galt Papers are the family papers of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, William Wilson Galt and their children. Includes letters written to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt before her marriage to William Wilson Galt. Includes some Naval correspondence of William Wilson Galt, but also check subseries 4 , the personal papers of William Wilson Galt.","This sub-series is primarily comprised of letters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues from 1863-1927. Correspondents and recipients include William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and others. Considerable number of letters are between other Galt family members and their friends, family, and colleagues. William Wilson Galt was a Navy Paymaster and wrote letters to his family from all over the world. Topics of this correspondence include the courtship of his wife, family news such as births, deaths, and job changes, the financial and parental administration of his home, his naval career, his publishing career, and Masonic Lodge business. See also the sub-series for each family member for more correspondence and papers.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues; Handwritten copy of Galt's application for Assistant Paymaster with the Navy, dated 1876 March 20, and resignation as Junior Deacon at Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia, dated 1878 April 9; Reference letters written on behalf of Galt by T. M. Barner of Norfolk, Virginia, 1871, and Banking House of Burruss, Son, \u0026 Co. of Norfolk, Virginia, 1873. 1878 January 25, confidential letter from C.P. Thompson noting that Galt's application was possibly complicated by the fact that Galt's two brothers were also in the Navy.","Love letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby, to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Carrington Grigsby and from S. C. Daniel at Hampden-Sydney College to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 February 21 Hampton Sidney anniversary invitation. 1879 February 5 fun letter from William Wilson Galt, approved by Mary B. Grigsby, future mate, to Hugh Blair Grigsby saying in part, \"I have the honor respectfully to transmit herewith a requisition for a mate for this vessel...\" with an attached \"Jewel\" requisition, and1879 April 22 and 26 letters from William Wilson Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby asking to court and marry his daughter, Mary Blair Grigsby. Correspondence about his position as an assistant Navy Paymaster. 1879 May 27 letter to James S. Galt from assistant Paymaster William Wilson Galt appointing him clerk to the Pay Office at the Naval Station in Key West, Florida, plus related correspondence about the appointment.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. H. Dillard (Mary Blair Grigsby's cousin), father William Richard Galt, friend and naval colleague C. P. Thompson; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 October 30 letter from R.W. Thompson thanks Galt for rescuing the officers and crew of the disabled schooner, Empress.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from parents, sister Molly, C. P. Thompson; letter from L. R. Hamersly, publisher of \"United Service\" publication, regarding article William Wilson Galt wrote on Key West Naval Station.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Barton Myers, father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and brother Rogers.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, brother Rogers, J. H. Dillard, C. P. Thompson, A. K. Micheler, C. Hubbell; letter from Livingston W. Bethel, mayor of Key West, regarding James S. Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby. Invitation to wedding of Elizabeth Easley and William Carrington Lancaster on 1880 September 25.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby's mother Mary V. Grigsby; clipping of advertisement for William Richard Galt's school.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from C. P. Thompson; Copies of general orders 255 and 256 from Navy Department.","Christmas cards sent to William Wilson Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie; letter, written in Spanish, to William Wilson Galt from Mrs. M. A. Thornbury of Albany, GA.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Annie Galt (William's sister); letter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; William Wilson Galt's ticket to the Leap Year Ball at the Odd Fellows Hall on 1881 January 13.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Dinner party invitation to William Wilson Galt from Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Thompson.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Photograph negatives of unidentified subjects.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Postcards to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Grigsby. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Corinne and Frank (no last names given) from Key West, E. O. Locke; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin P. E. Pearl. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin Samuel W. Morton. Most letters refer to failing health and eventual death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from Walker M. Hill, Freddie Venable, Robert Winthrop, C. Carrington, \"Sue\" from Stockdale, Nannie Hannah, and Mary F. Vaughn. Most letters express condolences for death of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother James Galt and Angela Baldwin.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Bob, brother Jim, E. O. Locke, Virginia Ritchie, J. H. Dillard, and anonymous writer who signed only \"A Friend\" to his or her note; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Cynthia B. T. Lohman.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim, sister Susan W. W. Galt, and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie, sister Susan W. W. Galt, cousin Jane, and T. L. Skinner.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt, sister Annie, brother Jim, and brother Rogers.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from brother Hugh Carrington Grigsby concerning the exchange of Mary's share in Edgehill farm in Charlotte County, Virginia for property in Norfolk, Virginia.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Aunt J. W. R. Galt, T. W. Clark, and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; Program for Yorktowne Centennial Commission's Promenade Concert and Hop on October 18, 1881.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brothers Bob and Jim; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William's father William Richard Galt and sister Annie.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from S. G. Baylor.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from A. K. Micheler, S. Hubbell, cousin Kate, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother Rogers, and mother Mary W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from cousin Lance Watkins and William's sister Annie; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt's mother Mary V. Grigsby from Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt. Most correspondence relates to the wedding of William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. Drawings of various persons, animals, weapons, and musical instruments.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William's sister Molly, William's brother Bob, and Mary's cousin J. W. Morton; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and sister Annie; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; drawing of William Wilson Galt's martins while deployed in Santo Domingo, drawn by William.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from uncle George, father William Richard Galt, brother Jim, Thomas C. Walton, and S. F. Earle; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, cousin Leila, Mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, Emma Bates, Lizzie Boykin, William's sister Susan W. W. Galt, and \"M. F. V.\" of Franklin County, Virginia.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from uncle George; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, and William's sister Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and Mary V. Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Nannie Hannah, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Molly; letter to cousin Lizzie from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from N. G. Wilson, Charlie Anisdue, C. W. Littlefield, R. W. Ball, N. P. Markham, and brother Bob; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Susan W. W. Galt.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, T. W. Lester, and A. E. L. Lester; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Clara Morris; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby; letter to \"Alice\" from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Robert Wilson, and Mary V. Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Robert Wilson.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from J. W. Stewart; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susan W. W. Galt and Clara Morris; letter to Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter written by G. R. Pavis certifying that he \"exhonerates Dr. John M. Galt from all charges that have been or may be brought against him,\" dated 1882 October 23.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and E. B. Baylor; letter to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from Lyon G. Tyler; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Fannie Barringer, Sallie Jones, \"Evaline\", and \"Langhorne\".","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Nannie Hannah.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Mary A. Galt (William's grandmother).","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother John Galt, brother Jim Galt, uncle George, Thom Donough, Thom Caswell, Robert Winthrop, S. D. Greeve, Charlie Anisdue, J. D. Doyle, and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt; primary focus of all August correspondence congratulates Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt on the birth of their son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt on 1883 August 3.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Sallie Jones; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Emma Bates and Sterling E. Edmunds on 1883 September 12.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from grandmother S. M. Christian; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Susan W. W. Galt; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle George, brother Rogers, brother Bob, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, E. O. Locke, T. W. Lester, Edward D. Washburn, and J. M. West; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, \"MLC\" from Mulberry Hill, Virginia, and Nannie Hannah; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Jim Galt from brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Alex, \"Neal\", and \"Angel\"; letters to Jim were generally concerned with his failing health; letters dated late June through early July express condolences to Galts regarding Jim's death.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Bob, sister Annie, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Charlie Anisdue; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Mary W. Galt; receipt from George P. Zurhorst for (William's brother) John Galt's funeral expenses, dated 1885 January 16.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, mother Mary W. Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Zander, brother Rogers, brother Bob, grandmother S. M. Christian, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Charlie Anisdue, G. L. Dyer, C. A. Stanly, William T. Saunders, and Dr. Donald Phais; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Bancroft Gherardi; telegram to William Richard Galt from Mary Blair Galt. Much of the correspondence in June is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's second son, William Richard.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby, William Wilson Galt, Robert Winthrop, Hallie R. Grier; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; postcard to Mary Blair Galt from Mary V. Grigsby. Prescription for quinine treatment for William Wilson Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from uncle James D. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin Emily, Nannie Bobbing, Annie Galt, Mary W. Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin P. E. Pearl, L. B. Cary, and John B. Phase.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and mother Mary V. Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Harriet Gridley and Eluior Allen.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from cousin Emily; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Davidson, and George K. Mullin, proprietor of Luray Inn in the Shenandoah Valley. Advertisements for Luray Inn attached to Mullin's letter to Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Xander and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William Richard Galt; letter to father William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt and Louisa Baxter.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, W. T. Churtain, and Barton Myers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; Easter card to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Winthrop.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and W. Farvot Walk; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and aunt Molly; William Wilson Galt's invitation to join Cosmos Club in San Francisco as extended by W. R. Wheeler and S. E. Tucker, dated 1891 November 10.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; two photographs, one is too damaged to distinguish the subject, the second is seemingly a photo of William Wilson Galt with four of his children, presumably Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, and Robert Ware Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, uncle John Whitehead, Kate Venable, Olga Dour, and M. H. Macrae; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to grandfather William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, father-in-law William Richard Galt, sister-in-law Annie Galt, and Emma Prud.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Annie Galt, and M. R. Catlin; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, sister-in-law Molly, sister-in-law Annie, brother-in-law Bob, and father-in-law William Richard Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Emily Galt, Annie Galt, Sallie Aibinson, M. H. Macrae, Eustace B. Rogers, and Lucie Watkins; letter from \"Howard\" to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Zena Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to Mary Blair Galt from Eustace B. Rogers.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from C. A. Stanly, G. W. Crusselle, E. A. Morecock, and F. M. Bostwick; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susie Galt, Mary M. Galt, Sue B. Glennon, M. H. Macrae, and W. L. Cosby. Much of the correspondence in this period is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's daughter Susie Alexina.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Molly Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from cousin Lucy and Charles Swift; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers, son William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, John S. Williams, and Acting Secretary of the Navy William McAdoo; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, C. L. Loyale, and Emily V. Galt; telegrams to William Wilson Galt from George Brown and Shields; invitation to wedding of Guilielma Lawton and Abram Carrington Read on 1894 October 10.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Secretary of the Navy Hilary Abner Herbert, and Dr. John Wyeth; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. P. Lawrence, and W. A. Boykin; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from \"Charles\".","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. Saunders Taylor and T. F. Rogers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letter to daughter Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to son Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to T. F. Rogers from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from R. M. Wells and William A. Varty, Jr.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Catharine Sampson and Richard Harrison Jackson on 1897 January 6.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Edmund S. Ruffin and Rupert W. Tomlin, R. M. Wells, F. A. Salomonson, Hammond B. Gayfer, A. K. Micheler, M. B. Crowell, and S. Cleburne Browne; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Marie B. Sheppard; invitation to wedding of Katharyn Salome and John B. Maher on 1897 May 26.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from George Dragoman, George Casanova, Joseph Starkey, and L. Haller Mingarda; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Barton Meyers. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were sent from a variety of locations: Gibraltar, Algiers, Smyrna, Piraeus.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from W. R. Drida; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Dr. Southgate Leigh. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were written from a variety of locations: Smyrna, Gibraltar, Algiers, Tangier.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, F. Scinicariello, Horatio Sprague, and H. L. Gregg; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; postcards to wife Mary Blair Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, and sister Mollie Galt from William Wilson Galt; menus from Hotel-Restaurant de la Paix and Grand Hotel Brunate; bill for plumbing services from E. E. Guy \u0026 Sons in Norfolk, Virginia; William Wilson Galt's letters and postcards were written from Genoa, Rome, and Mersina, Italy.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, nephew Rogers Harrison Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary H. Boyd, Dr. Alexander Duane, Dr. Southgate Leigh, Ada Harvey, J. T. Van Patten, and the Army-Navy Journal; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, including photographs of a torpedo gust leaving the tube when fired from the Raleigh at Mersina, after it left the tube, entering the water after it was fired, about 10 feet from the ship as the torpedo entered in for its course towards the target. Letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt, including one photograph of Dr. Marsteller and WWG, Mersina, 1897 November 25, USS Raleigh; letter to children Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt , and Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt, including a chart detailing the cities and ports visited by the USS Raleigh over nearly a one year period; letter to aunt Molly Galt from William Richard Galt; Reference letter written by William Wilson Galt on behalf of J. T. Van Patten.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Charles H. Eldridge, Max Rosenberg, Demege, Reid, \u0026 Co., and Delmege, Forsythe, \u0026 Co.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lara, Dr. Alexander Duane, Virginia Mason, Emma Prud, Lizzie Boykin, Mary E. Carrington, Annie Watkins, Susan Morton, and Alice Green; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to J. B. Coghlan from William Wilson Galt; invitation to celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Military Service Institution of the United States on February 10.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, and J. T. Van Patten; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Saunders, \"Belle\", E. H. Marsteller, and T. W. Wood \u0026 Sons; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to all children from William Wilson Galt. Topics include William Wilson Galt's observations of the people and lifestyle of Hong Kong and the oncoming Spanish-American War.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and Henry Romeike; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, Alexander Galt, I. B. McPhail, Emma Prud, T. Hall \u0026 Mingardo, Anne Letham, A. S. Kenny, and \"Belle\"; letter to children from William Wilson Galt; translation of a proclamation by the Governor-General of the Philippines; clipping from Army and Navy Journal relating William Wilson Galt's good health after Battle of Manila Bay; printed picture of USS Raleigh; newspaper clipping relating death of Captain Charles Vernon Gridley (William Wilson Galt is mentioned in the article as having reported the death to the Navy Department). Most of William Wilson Galt's letters deal with the Battle of Manila Bay (1898 May 1). Included in his letter to Mary Blair Galt on May 1 is a hand-drawn map of the American battle plan.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and Katherine Gridley; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, L. B. Cary, W. L. Cosby, \"Lillie\", \"Sue\", and J. G. Shackelford.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, Emily Galt, J. G. Shackelford, L. B. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Lyon G. Tyler; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to \"Miss Nannie\" from William Richard Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, W. J. Upshur, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Annie Galt, J. G. Shackelford, P. B. Eggleston, Stern Brothers, Larkin Soap Company, Emily Watkins, W. L. Cosby, and Alice B. Greer; invitation to wedding of Cecile Amelie and Cornelius de Witt on 1898 November 15.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Robert Ware Galt, son William Richard Galt, and son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Mary Carrington Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, son William Richard Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, W. A. Boykin, J. P. Lawrence, J. C. Byenes, and N. Sherwell.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and C. L. Chamberlaine; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lottie Carrington, Marie Marsteller, W. A. Boykin, B. Boykin, L. B. Cary, C. M. Meginley, and J. G. Shackelford; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Bessie Daniel. Invitations to wedding of Rosalie Smith and Dr. Isaac Carrington Harrison on January 24, Katharine Storrow and William C. Scott on February 21. Program for 10th Anniversary Service at St. John's Church in Portsmouth, Virginia. Lakewood, New Jersey Railroad timetable.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Mann L. Quarles and Dr. William T. Bull; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, cousin Margaretta Clingh, Annie Galt, Dr. Alexander Duane, N. C. Lalcolt, C. M. Meginley, J. G. Shackelford, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from E. J. Bogart and L. B. McPhail; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rogers Galt, W. L. Cosby, and Inez Wichus Montague; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. with a collection of stamps included. Invitation to wedding of Susan Hedge Amsden and Carl Sutherland Parker on 1899 June 7, Emily Louisa Sawyer and John Nichols Moore on 1899 June 28.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and \"Lillie\"; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; freight bill from Southern Railway Co. for William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, Charles H. Consolvo and Edward C. Cheshire, and Mann L. Quarles; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, N. Sherwell, J. B. Lovett, W. S. Friend, Leopold Levy, and Jackson \u0026 Co.; letter to W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; invitation to wedding of Clara Fuller and Philip Andrews on 1899 August 16; advertisement for Hoge Memorial Military Academy.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Gerry W. Simpson and the New York Yacht Club; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. B. Lovett, W. L. Cosby, Marjorie March, and J. G. Shackelford; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Lucy Watkins, and Alexander Martin. Much of the correspondence relates to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt starting college at William \u0026 Mary.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy Watkins, Sue Watkins, George H. Watkins, and Hugh Carrington Grigsby.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from brother William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, John Lloyd Newcomb, William Read Martin, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, N. Sherwell, \"Lloyd\", and \"Joe\"; invitation to Twentieth Annual Celebration of the Sigma Rho Delta Literary Society of the Shenandoah Valley Academy on May 4.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Dr. Southgate Leigh, George H. Watkins, George L. R. Stevens, Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co., and Lyon G. Tyler.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, and J. F. Carr; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Eva C. Lalcolt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Bob Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, Dr. Southgate Leigh, William Read Martin, and C. Vernon Spratley; Prescription written by Dr. Alexander Duane for Mary Carrington Galt; Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co. catalog for Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. Includes a 1900 August 16 letter from L.D. Starke.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, R. H. Townley, and Arent Schuyler Crowninshield; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, Molly Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Lucius F. Cary, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, Elsie S. Hannah, George H. Watkins, Lucy Watkins, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, and Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co.; bill from Hospital St. Vincent de Paul for services rendered to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, C. Vernon Spratley, George H. Watkins, George Pugh, J. E. Williams, Lucius F. Cary, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and Dr. Southgate Leigh; letter to Annie Galt from William Richard Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, cousin \"Bob\" given), W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Lucius F. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Thomas H. Carter. Invitation to wedding of Martha Cabell Bouldin and Albert Humes Gentry on 1901 July 24.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Sue\"; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, John Lloyd Newcomb, D. C. Watkins, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; mathematics word problem.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis and Cornelia McBlair; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and William Read Martin; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, Mary Daniel, and Cornelia McBlair; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and Sam Daniel.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Cornelia McBlair, William Read Martin, Mary B. Daniel, and Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Annie Galt; invitation to wedding of Emily Cary and Thomas Marshall, Jr. on 1901 November 12; description of \"Paul Jones\" mixer dance.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Laura Sherwood Picking; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Cornelia McBlair, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Mary B. Daniel, William Read Martin, and \"Joe\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Flea\"; Manila Day Reunion Poem by Commander Corwin P. Rees.","Letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Molly Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Jul H. Watkins, and \"Elsie\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from R. G. Skerrett and B. F. Coble; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Agnes Douglas West, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., M. J. Morton, and Lily B. Cary; receipt for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt's board at University of Virginia.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and R. G. Skerrett; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; a poem entitled \"At Sea\" written by William Wilson Galt; William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Hong Kong and Singapore.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from W. D. Southhall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Carroll R. Wright, Jr.; letter to J. W. Patterson from Mary Blair Galt; invitation to wedding of Mattie Lacey and Thomas J Pennybacker on1903 September 9. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Yokohama, Nagasaki and Kobe, Japan, Chefoo [Yantai] and Tsingtau [Qingdao], China, and Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Daniel Barnes; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from A. H. Flint. Invitation to wedding of Ruth Waldron and Frank Peard Thomas on 1904 January 12, Minnie Bolling and James Duncan Puller on 1904 February 3, Lucy Daniel and Charles Kingston von Weise on 1904 June 29, Ethel Sharp and Ralph Mancill Griswold on 1904 July 28. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily from Manila Bay, Hong Kong, Naples, and Gibraltar.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan, Thorvald Solberg, and the Virginia Club of Norfolk; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Lewis Crenshaw. Library of Congress document regarding William Wilson Galt's book \"The Battle of Manila Bay\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rhoderick H. Watkins, and Janice H. Read; Postcards to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from D. D. E. and anonymous; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Sniky Byers, Louise Bocereeau, \"Stuart\", \"Mac\" (female), and \"Dave\"; postcard to Mary Carrington Galt from anonymous; letter to Aaron Marx from Claude Swanson.","Postcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from R. H. W.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, L. B. Cox, Sniky Byers, H. J. Putnam \u0026 Co., R. H. Payn, H. G. McCormick, and R. Stuart Royer; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; Postcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from \"E. W. C.\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Guy S. Lurty, and \"Stuart\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from J. J. Vogel and Dr. J. B. Murphy; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Bill Oglesby, E. W. Lawson, and Daisy Eggleston; letter to Mary Meares Galt from Rogers Galt; Robert Ware Galt's Navy enlistment papers, dated 1906 November 30, listing his examination date as 1907 April 16; invitation to wedding of Gertrude Abyvon Walke and Edward Dickinson Tayloe on October 25. Two letters written as poems to \"Uncle Bill\" from Rogers H. Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Leonard Draper, J. E. Duke and G. A. D. Galt at the \"Soldiers Home\" in Richmond, Virginia; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Lily B. Cary, T. Catesby Jones, and cousin \"Bettie\"; Advertisements and reviews. Letter form E.B. Roy in response to Galt's concern that his Pay Director term is for three years instead of four years.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt and H. H. Ewing; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt and William Richard Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, and Mary Carrington Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from George J. Durfey and telegram fro Hugh Blair G. Galt announcing \"Made the degree all right.\"","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Bettie Marton. Invitations to weddings of Basil Gordon Montague and Lt. Col. George Barnett 1908 January 1, Elizabeth Welsh Galt and William Davidson 1908 January 16, Fanny Lewis Bouldin and Thomas Sprattley 1908 February 26, Elizabeth Virginia Jones and Joseph Hugh Neville 1908 April 16, Hilda Bateson and Laurance Jones 1908 June 18, Lily Brooke Booker and William Cutler Cole 1908 September 5, Evelyn Byrd Trigg and George Harris Sargeant, Jr. 1908 September 15, May Annette Luttmer and Rishworth Nicholson 1908 November 5, Anne McMaster and Davis Wills Jordan 1909 October 20, Margaret Nash Old and John Stone Stump, Jr. 1909 November 3, and Gladys Gertrude Hethorn and Wilford Grigsby Epes 1909 November 24. Note from Thomas E. Watkins 1909 March 25 saying that Carrington is very sick.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt and Louise Lelden; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt. Invitation to wedding of Delle Fay Norris and Henry Allen Pearson on February 2. Letter of condolence about the death of Roger Galt from James Riddle 1910 August 27 .","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Susie Alexina Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Mary C. Carrington, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, William Richard Galt, Alexander Galt, Annie Read, J. Watkins Lacy, Sara R. Martin, and Agnes E. Lancaster; invitation to wedding of Helen Howard and Charles Clifford Gill on April 25.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Robert Ware Galt, and \"Betty\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Edwin Brockenbrough.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Nannie C. Bolling, and W. L. Cosby.","Letter to Mary Blair Galt from W. L. Cosby; invitation and program for Susie Alexina Galt's graduation ceremony at the College for Women in Columbia, South Carolina on June 6. Invitations to weddings of Louise Keeling Taylor and John Wright Stribling June 12, Lois Drake Millard and Frank Edwin Preston Uberroth June 22, Nancy Collins Nash and Logan Cresap June 29, Lela Coles Bouldin and Oscar Lane Shewmake June 26, Katharine Jones and Reginald Page June 27, Mary Ambler Willcox and Worrall Reed Carter July 2, Lilly Johnson Poor and Henry Morris Johnston July 9.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from R. C. Marshall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Lucy Gray Harrison and H. A. Hunter; letter to Williamsburg, Virginia Postmaster from Lucy Pemberton, seeking addresses of relatives of late Hugh Blair Grigsby. Invitations to weddings of Cora Isabel Westcott and Laurence Stowell Adams August 1, Maude Walker and Charles Semmes Stanworth September 18, Lottie Washington Lambert and John Walton Grandy, Jr. September 19, and Dorothy Evleth Brown and Stewart Varona Hellings September 30.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt and Philip Andrews informing Galt that he has been awarded a \"Special Meritorious Medal\" for his actions in the Battle of Manila Bay. Invitations to weddings of Marie Louise Ryan and George Wirt Simpson on October 2, 1912, Susan Barnett Persons and Lewis Bowen McBride on October 9, Eloise Hirst and William Couper, on October 9, Virginia Klein Cooke and Edward Keville Glennan on October 9, Flournoy Adams Hopkins and Gilbert Alexander Boswell Eliott on October 10, Emily Ward and Otto Barten McLean on, October 17, and Clare Beatrice Rudgard Wigg and Newton Armistead Coggsdale on October 19.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and nephew Rogers H. Galt; Christmas card from W. L. Cosby. Invitations to weddings of Susan Pendleton Howard and Hartwell Heathe Hume on November 6, Josephine Engelhard Boylan and Ellsworth Harper Van Patten on November 23, Mary Lewis Sharp and Irving Brinton Holley on November 27, and Emily Fuller Johnston and Joshua Warren White on December 14.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, and Lucy Pemberton; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from Mary Meares Galt; invitation to wedding of Harriotte Jones Winchester and Edward Griffith Dodson on January 29. List of members of the Puff Club (a business men's club in Norfolk, Virginia), with attached memos and poem entitled \"The Campaign of the Puffs against the Great Destroyer.\"","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and William Richard Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, and Robert Ware Galt; invitation to wedding of Bessie Armistead Doyle and Joseph Virginius Bidgood, Jr. on October 25.","Letters to William W. Galt from Florence J. Grant and Maria Ward Skelton; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Belle Boykin, and Maria Ward Skelton; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letter to Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels from William Wilson Galt; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from William Wilson Galt; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; Galt's letters to Daniels, Martin, and Thom are regarding his request for a promotion to Rear Admiral upon his retirement.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from John R. Edwards; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carrington G. Galt, Annie Galt, and E. B. Martin; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert W. Shultice from S. B. Avis; letter to W. H. Venable from Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from W. H. Venable; invitation to wedding of Alice Louise Preston and Albert Weston Grant, Jr. on October 17.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Blair Jordan; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William W.  Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Ward Skelton Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and Susie Alexina Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Alfred George Zimmerman, Annie Galt, John M. Galt, Secretary of the Navy Edwin Wenby, T. S. Dunaway, George L. Hunt, Philip Andrews, John Teicher, Joseph W. Eggleston, A. Closdon, Frank Lester, John S. Bottimore, \"Alfred\", \"Aleck\", and \"Frank\"; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and William Richard Galt; letter to Annie Galt from C. G. Smith; letter to Dr. Pickrell from Annie Galt; letter to Hugh Blair from Aunt Molly and carbon copy of his answer.  Much of the correspondence in 1922 is regarding William Wilson Galt's health as in that year he had his right foot amputated and suffered from pneumonia.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Ward Skelton Galt, Annie Galt, Zander Galt, \"Alfred\" (husband of daughter Susie), Hugh Blair Galt, Mrs. A. G. Zimermann and James B. Denny; letter to sister Susie from William Wilson Galt; letter to brother Zander from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt, William R. Galt and Hugh Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, letter to Bill from Zander; letter from Billy Galt to Grandfather; list of stockholders of Lynnhaven Beach and Park Co.; 1923 December 23 letter from J. H. D. to \"Dill\" with an attached news clipping \"Dr. J.H. Dillard to visit Africa\". 1924 March 3 letter from William Wilson Galt to his son includes a poem; 1923 July 13 letter from Hugh Blair Galt to William Wilson Galt also includes a poem. Most of the correspondence during these years are typed or carbons of typed letters.","Invitations to marriages and other events, plus a few calling cards. A dried plant was transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection Mss. 1.03.","Letters to Mary Galt from Hugh G. Grigsby, William Galt, Annie Galt, Mrs. Conway Robinson, M. L. Nowlin, Laure E. Read, Carrington Galt and Roger Galt.  Letters to William Galt from Roger Galt, P. A. Williams, Louise H. Carter, Mary B. Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Meares Galt.  Includes a note from W. R. Galt and a letter from William Galt Hubbell.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Galt, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, A. K. Micheler, and Virginia (illegible last name); letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carmela Loyale, George Chappell, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, Louisa L. Read, Nannie Winston, Bradford (illegible first name), Lizzie Boykin, and Kate Gaulding.","Letters to Hugh Blair Galt from \"Aunt Molly\",\" Elsie\", Emily M. Watkins, J. Morton, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy D. Thornton and Cordelia McBlair. Letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt while on the USS Kentucky. Letter to William Wilson Galt from Mary. Letter to Granddaddy or Grandpa from William R. Galt, Jr., and unknown. Letter to Granddaddy and Mamie from William R. Galt, Jr. Letter to Grandma from Grandson who was in Vallejo, California. Letters to Mother from Mary B. G. Galt and Robert. Letters to \"Father\" from \"Alfred\", \"Susie\", Robert W. Galt, and \"Will\".","Letters to William Wilson Galt from nephew John M. Galt, Maria, Mary B. Grigsby and Louise H. Carter. Letters to Mary B. G. Galt from cousin Cantey E. Reed, \"Annie\", \"M. L. Y.\", C.A . Stanely, Margaret B. Roper, \"Susan\", \"Dorothy\", Susie Crane, Sarah S. Read and others. Letters to family from Robert W. Galt, Susie D. Galt, Mary Galt and Carrington Galt. Includes a letter to William Wilson Galt from S. T. Early in which Early sends him a branch of the original Poets Laurel, and a letter from William Lamb, T. M. Whitehurst and John B. Jenkins asking William Galt to donate some land to the City of Norfolk. A legal document from Allegheny County about an 1837 debt of Andrew Fudge.","Two carbon typescripts of a short biography of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Invitation, newspaper articles and rough drafts with a typescript of Hugh B. G. Galt's speech on the Cape Henry Lighthouse Celebration at Cape Henry, Virginia in 1939.","Correspondence with Estelle Haskins, daughter of Bettie Morton. Bettie Morton was a servant in the Galt household at \"Oak Grove\" in Charlotte County. Estelle and her mother live in a house on the former \"Oak Grove\" property. Estelle often writes for help with legal problems and financial problems. Hugh Blair G. Galt responds with advice, gifts of money and hand-me-down clothes, and often intercedes to help with legal problems. Estelle helps him pack up old books and papers that belonged to the Grigsby family after some property was sold. Some correspondence deals with the land that Bettie Morton receives as the dower of 1/3 of the property of Albert Morton. Hugh Blair G Galt sends Betty Morton a deed to the house, which is given for life on 1925 January 10. Eventually, the entire parcel was sold to the Charlotte County School Board by Homer A. Lester and wife. The land had been conveyed to Mrs. Lester by the Galt family.","1934 letter from Galt's nephew \"Bill\"; 1939 article about First National Seashore Park in North Carolina; 1941 letter from Office of the Marshal of the Supreme Court saying seats will be saved for him and Mrs. Galt; 1943 letter from nephew \"Richard\" while in the Army Air Forces Bombardier School in Texas; business card of Henry G. Barbee.","Notepad from \"The Pocomoke...Guano Company\" with notes on farm products, household products, Morse code, and prices of goods.","Report by Miss Elizabeth V. Gaines of Saxe, Virginia on the libraries of Charlotte County, particularly the Edgehill Library of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Class schedules, grades, certificates, notes, invoices, assignments and reports of Hugh B.G. Galt. Includes 1899 paper \"The Romantic School in English Poetry\". 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia grades; 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia pass certificates; 1906 document stating \"Degree of Bachelor of Arts conferred, June 12, 1906\"; 1938 bill for the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association; 1939 \"University of Virginia Newsletter\" with article on Virginia's Forest Resources by F.C. Pederson. Undated lecture schedule and notes. University of Virginia report card for November 1901.","Audits of the estate of Mary B. G. Galt by Hugh B. G. Galt, her son and William Wilson Galt, her husband. Includes three copies of 1935 February report \"Second Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary G. Galt, Deceased\"; one copy of 1935 April 9 report \"A Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary B. Galt, Deceased to the present Beneficiaries of the Same.\"","Concerns Grigsby Family property \"Edgehill\", located in Charlotte County, Virginia which Mary B. G. Galt inherited from her brother, Carrington Grigsby. Includes 1914 plat of the Charlotte County property, 1914 Deed of Trust note on the property, correspondence with potential purchasers of the property, and correspondence and legal documents on the sale of the property to L. E. Rogers, John O. Walker, and C.E. Hunter in 1916.","1916-1928 correspondence between Otis M. Locke and William Wilson Galt about rental of property in Charlotte County. Mr. Locke rented a piece of property, possibly since 1907, and tried to purchase it a number of times. The property was originally part of the Grigsby estate. 1919-1925 correspondence about selling other parcels of land that were part of the Grigsby estate, including part of the Cardwell Tract. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1936 sale of one part of the Charlotte County, Virginia property to F. Watts Burgess and L. P. White. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1952 sale of the final piece of property to Boyd Hensley. Includes tax statements, county and property maps, and legal documents given to Hugh B. G. Galt by the remaining descendants of Mary B.G. Galt the right to sell the property.","Handwritten list of some of the furnishings of Mary B. G. Galt with a history of the item.  Includes photographs of some of the paintings.","Tax documents and correspondence regarding inheritance tax after the death of William Wilson Galt.","Inventory and appraisement of the estate of William Wilson Galt and Mary B. Galt.  Agreement between Carrington G. Galt and his siblings where he releases all his rights to the tangible personal property as a legatee of Mary B. and William Wilson Galt, 1934 July 14.  A ledger with lists and appraisals of estate.","1934 death certificate of William Wilson Galt; 1934 certification of H. G. G. Galt as executor to William Wilson Galt's estate; 1934 document giving Hugh Blair G. Galt permission to make repairs to 1104 Westover Avenue in Norfolk, Virginia (home of William Wilson Galt); 1934 inventory of 1104 Westover Avenue. Other legal documents between the beneficiaries of William W. and Mary B. G. Galt, 1916 will of William Wilson Galt, financial notes and ledgers and tax documents.","Application of relief from taxes on property in Charlotte County, Virginia.  Cancelled checks and bank statements.  Correspondence related to tax and banking issues.","Correspondence and documents of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt as the executor of the estates of both William Wilson Galt and Mary B.G. Galt, his parents. He dealt with all the aspects of the estate: making an inventory of the contents of the house, selling items not wanted by his siblings, organizing papers, fixing up and selling the house, and maintaining accounts and legal forms to document his work. The correspondence with his siblings is often in triplicate. The names of his siblings are William R. Galt, Susan D. Zimermann, and Carrington G. Galt. Items from the home are mentioned, plus items given or on loan to institutions.","Ledger kept by Hugh B. G. Galt as administrator of the personal estate of Hugh Carrington Grigsby. Pages 6-22 include the inventory of personal estate and page 196 includes an account of finances. Between pages 22 and 23 are three loose items: two pages with pencil drawn scenes set in Colorado and probably drawn by Hugh B. G. Galt, and one letter dated 1892 December 27 addressed to \"My precious Mother\" (her mother-in-law) from Mary B. G. Galt about the sadness she feels with the death of her father-in-law. Loose memo book in back of ledger includes a few accounts and notes from 1889. All pages in between are blank.","Correspondence with Fitzgerald Flournoy, Henry Riely, other genealogists, family members and organizations about the Grigsby and Galt families. Of particular note is Fitzgerald Flournoy who organized the Grigsby Papers for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and his writings about different family members. One unpublished report, \"The Lot of the Defeated\" is included. Correspondence with Henry Riely, a lawyer with the firm McGuire, Riely and Eggleston in Richmond, Virginia centers on the Carrington Family. Includes notes on the families and Norfolk Historical Society inquiries.","Notes on Dr. Alexander Dickie Galt by William R. Galt and a handwritten paper on Alexander Galt, the sculptor, by Hugh B. Grigsby with a carbon typescript, published 1863 February 3 in the Richmond Inquirer. A \"Memoria Sacrum\" poem by James Barron Hope in memory of \"Alexander Galt, The Sculptor.\"","Undated handwritten and typescript of  \"Memoir of John Minson Galt, Jr.\" by W. R. Grigsby. 1941 September issue of \"Virginia Medical Monthly\" with an article on \"Dr. John Minson Galt and the Williamsburg Asylum\" by P. G. Hamlin.","Carbon typescript of paper entitled \"Mr. Grigsby: Athlete, Orator, Author\", author and date unknown.","Notes, correspondence and copies of documents relating to the Grigsby and Galt Families. Includes notes on the Whitehead Family. Other notes on collateral families of Scervant, Ware, Marston, Finch, McPherson, Silvester, and others. Includes a reprint of the 1863 obituary of Captain Reuben Grigsby from the Richmond Enquirer; 1896 article from the Central Presbyterian on the Old Stone Church in Lewistown, Virginia with a mention of Reverend Benjamin Grigsby, the father of Hugh Blair Grigsby and a handwritten copy of the James Galt family Bible. Some reports written by Mary Meares Galt. Includes a note written on a paper bag, \"Home - Woodside, Mrs. Dr. John M. Galt, Dr. John M. Galt, MD - C.S.A. Children, Eva Dulaney Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt\" and a 1870 November 14 invoice for tuition for the \"Misses C. \u0026 M. Skinner\" paid by Honorable J. B. Whitehead.","1898 April 19 confirmation certification by the Bishop of Southern Virginia in the Ascension Church in Keysville, Virginia. 1938 January 25 letter from the  Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution invitation to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt for membership via John Grigsby or Benjamin Porter.","Includes a 1871 obituary of Judge William Leigh of Halifax County, Virginia.  Most clippings deal with events in the Norfolk, Virginia area, either articles or editorials.","Newsletters, brochures and programs from various groups and events. Undated material includes \"General Regulations\" from William \u0026 Mary; map of New York City; reproduction map of \"Champlain's Map of New France 1632\"; order from for The George Jaberg Music Company of Cincinnati, Ohio; empty notepad from \"R.J. Edwards, Smithfield, Virginia\"; three copies of \"America,\" one copy of \"Yankee Doodle\" (3\"x2\") as advertisements for W. G. Williams, Smithville, Virginia; advertising card for E. E. Guys of Norfolk, Virginia.","Manuscript draft of essay on \"The First President of William \u0026 Mary,\" also called \"Commissary James Blair,\" dated 1913, typescript of paper, \"Commodore John Paul Jones,\" undated and an 1899 poem written on the Norfolk Boat Club letterhead using both English and German.","Booklet for The Galt Literary Society which was organized by \"the young men of William R. Galt's school.\"","Typed transcript of a letter written to W. R. Galt by Colonel John B. Cary of Richmond, Virginia about the Scervant Family, dated 1875 August 16.  Handwritten note on bottom of letter: original of this letter is in the possession of W.R. Galt's granddaughter, Mary M. Galt.","Certificate to William R. Galt from The Imperial Council of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America saying that he is \"A Noble of the Mystic Shrine in Accas Temple in Richmond, Virginia.\" 1900 May 16.","1903 form letter announcing meeting of the Orient Mark Lodge of Japan; 1903 menu of the \"traditional banquet to the Members of Aloha Temple...in Honolulu; 1907 Funeral Service procedures \"as prescribed by The Grand Lodge of Virginia\"; 1911 bylaws of the Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia; \"Laying of the Cornerstone of St. Andrews Episcopal Church\" by Owen Lodge No. 164 in Norfolk, Virginia 1920 June 30; 1918 February 15 Virginia Masonic Journal Newsletter; February 1917 newsletter \"Atlantic Lodge News\" with an article on William Wilson Galt; The Temple News of Norfolk, Virginia dated 1920 September (Volume 3, Number 9). Includes newspaper clippings about the Masons, William Wilson Galt, and Hugh B. Galt.","Speeches given at the 10th Annual Convention of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association (undated),  and a paper entitled \"Harmony.\"","Manuscript speech on the History of Masonry.  39 pages.","Manuscript address explaining \"certain words and passages of our work that are not very clear in their meaning or application\".   26 pages.","Manuscript speech on the \"source of the Sublime Degree, the foundation of Masonry\".  Gives sources at the end of the paper.  61 pages.","Includes a tribute to William Richard Galt written by James H. Dillard. Originally published in the Southern Churchman, dated 1922 September 25.","Personal papers of William Wilson Galt which include financial material, business correspondence, material as executor of family members' estates, real estate transactions, tax and insurance documents, news clippings, printed and published written material, papers from his time as Navy Paymaster, and his last will and testament. William Wilson Galt joined the Navy about 1877 and served in the Navy for 50 years. He was a Navy Paymaster for most of those years. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, the Chancellor of William \u0026 Mary from 1871 to 1881.","Calling cards from Galt Family members and others.","Grades for Robert W. Galt and Mary C. Galt during one school session. 1901 tuition invoice to Mrs. J. T. Carr for music lessons on guitar for Hugh Blair Galt.","Newspaper and other clippings collected by William Wilson Galt. Some topics are Norfolk, Florida and the Navy. Some clippings are poems.","Newspaper and other clippings about the Galt Family. Obituaries and articles about Roger H. Galt, William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and others.","Correspondence from the U.S. Navy and related people to William Wilson Galt. Correspondence regarding H. R. Bills 18701 and 19313 about giving officers an option of voluntary retirement. Medical examination material for 1909 and 1910. 1911 October 6 letter transferring his position at the Navy Pay Office to Pay Inspector Harry E. Biscoe and October 18 and 21 letters commanding him for duty as Paymaster of Yard under the command of the Commandant, Navy Yard, Norfolk. 1912 correspondence about receipt of a medal, receipts for a meal, Naval Communication Service invoices and a carbon copy of a letter to Miss Serpell from Arthur P. Ware about a War Department plat. Some of William Wilson Galt's Naval correspondence is also filed in date order in Sub-series 1, Galt Family Correspondence.","Small leather covered daybook which includes daily notations, addresses, and account information.","Insurance invoices.","Includes tombstone inscription and order for tombstone; \"list of books taken from library at Edgehill Oct. 9th, 1884 by Mrs. William Wilson Galt\"; receipts for payments from the estate; 1881 prenuptial contract between Mary Blair Grigsby and W. W. Galt stating that William Wilson Galt will not interfere with the rents and profits of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby; legal documents with Mary Blair Grigsby Galt as one of the executors of her father's estate; accounts of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Leather account book from the Norfolk National Bank with approximately seven pages of accounts relating to the estate of Mary B. Grigsby, which include lists of items, possibly as inventories, under the headings: \"Mary Blair Carrington\", \"For Grove/For Edgehill\", and \"Farming Implements\". Also includes an account of the security stock of the Charlotte Banking and Insurance Company belonging to the estate of Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby.","Invoices of interest payment to Robert R. Prentis on note due Joseph B. Whitehead's estate.","Canceled checks, bank statements, check stub books, deposit slips and bank notes.","Two bank books for Mrs. Mary Blair Galt. Leather notepad wallet moved to Manuscripts Artifact Collection, Mss. 1.03.","Typed list of Galt's expenses when he was a candidate for the House of Delegates. List addressed to the Chairman City Democratic Committee.","Invoices for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Receipts from businesses. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster.","Invoices and receipts for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes receipts for payments to the City Gas Company of Norfolk, and Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company.","Invoices and receipts for local and world-wide purchases. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes purchase of a guitar for $7.00 in 1900 and a General Catalogue No. 66 from Montgomery Ward \u0026 Co.","Correspondence, receipts and bonds for the Tidewater Mineral and Oil Corporation and Norfolk-Princess Anne Oil Corporation.","William Wilson Galt elected an Honorary Member of St. Johns Masonic Lodge 1908. Carbon copy of a 1911 June 21 letter from William Wilson Galt, as Representative of the United Grand Lodge, to Sir Edward Letchworth, the Grand Secretary of the United Grand Lodge...Freemasons' Hall in England, about the honor conferred upon him. Related Mason material, some about William Wilson Galt, is filed in Sub-Series 3, William R. Galt.","1908 contract for telephone service and a 1916 Virginia State Hunter's License. 1896-1899 insurance records which include a policy, payment receipts of premiums and correspondence.","1881 December 1 Charlotte County, Virginia marriage license between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby with a Minister's Return of Marriage.","William Wilson Galt wrote a poem entitled \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". The poem was printed in various publications and eventually incorporated into a book, also called \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Copies of the poem from various sources, newspaper articles about the poem, and order slips for purchasing the book. Research correspondence and requests for photographs from men who participated in the battle, copyright information and letters from appreciative readers. Some correspondence on the lectures Galt gave on the Battle of Manila Bay.   Note: accounting details from the sale of the book are located with various financial documents as noted on the inventory.","Leather bound diary kept by William Wilson Galt while stationed at Punta de los Cerritos from 1882 April 19-31.","Two certificates of membership for the Navy Relief Society; one for Paymaster W. W. Galt and one for Mrs. William Wilson Galt.","Newspaper clippings about the Navy, Navy personnel, and William Wilson Galt.","Membership material for the Navy Mutual Aid Association, Allotment Check transmissions and Statement of Account for his pay. Leave requests from 1903-1906. 1922 letter exchange with the Judge Advocate General about bonds.","Report \"574 C\" reconciling statement of William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy, Norfolk, Virginia. for 1st quarter of 1896, and Auditor memos from 1913 and 1914.","Clarence N. Howell is an Assistant Chief Clerk in the Paymaster's Office. In 1907, he accuses the Paymaster's Office of misconduct and mismanagement. William Wilson Galt is investigated and the newspapers carry articles about the situation (see news clipping files). Correspondence includes many letters written to William Wilson Galt from creditors of Clarence N. Howell from 1902 to 1907. Includes the official report written by William Wilson Galt where he answers each accusation. Correspondence to and from William Wilson Galt about the accusations. Folder title used by William Wilson Galt.","Receipt slips for navy personnel which include the names of the men.","Chart listing names of men, how many days worked, pay per day, and total pay.","Ledger which is a cash book for the USS. Kentucky (1903-unknown), but also records 1906-1907 sales of \"The Battle of Manila Bay\" on pages 54-63, 89-90. Near the end of the book are entries for the USS Vicksburg from 1902-1903. Loose papers include sheets listing men and their positions on the Boston, the Raleigh, the Baltimore, and other ships. Includes a few paymaster receipts. Printed list of arrival and departure dates and name of ports for the \"Cruise of USS Kentucky\" (1900-1904); 1903 issue of \"The Open Door: Thanksgiving Number\" which includes names of all crew members; 1904 February 20 issue of \"The Open Door\". Correspondence about physical exam before receiving a promotion and other material included.","Correspondence, supply orders, memos, and other supply related material while stationed in Gibraltar, Hong Kong, and Smyrna. Includes a barber bill for 1899 with names of the men, their pay number and rating; 1898 list from the Treasury Department of the \"Values of Foreign Coins\"; handmade card signed by members of the crew entitled \"You May Fire When You are Ready, Gridley, May 1, 1898 to May 1st, 1901\", and a 1898 March 26 letter relieving Galt of duty on the USS Raleigh.","Photo print of \"Genl Dewey\". Receipts from the Grand Hotel in Guatemala, the Kilaneau Volcano House in Hawaii, the Grand Hotel in Yokohama, and the Fujiya Hotel in Miyanoshita. Pamphlet for the Panic Mail Steamship Company Peru with a list of passengers (1902), and receipt for clothing from \"Ah Sing and Co.\" in Shanghai.","Copy of the \"General Service Code\" with homographic signals, typed extract from 1898 May 27 China Daily Press; 1907 January 19 partial issue of Army and Navy Register; list of \"District Joint Communications Visited\"; 1890 pass for W. W. Galt for San Jose De Gu Temala, Central America; 1871 map of Santo Domingo; prospectus pamphlet for the Ostrander Repeating Gun Company, and a pamphlet for the Ostrander Gun.","1898 July 9 order to report to the USS Delmonico; note giving the time of the \"Sword presentations \u0026 c to officers of the Navy\"; 1902 appointment and commission as Pay Inspector in the Navy, with the rank of Commander; 1903 appointment order to be on a \"Navy Examining Board\" and a Congressional Bill (S. 5693) from the 63rd Congress, 2nd Session \"To provide for the promotion of Pay Director William Wilson Galt...to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Pay Corps of the Navy upon his retirement from the service\" (1914). Correspondence in regard to promotions, including letters of recommendations.","Resolutions adopted at the last meeting on 1909 May 1. Two copies of the \"Constitution and List of Members of the Society of Manila Bay\" and a 1920 brochure for the Twenty-Second Annual Banquet at the Army and Navy Club in Washington, DC with signatures on the inside front cover. Tissue paper carbon of a 1926 letter addressed to Captain Dudley N. Carpenter about the May meeting of the Manila Bay Society.","Proposed amendment to House Bill #6616, \"That after completing the prescribed course of four years' instruction at the Naval Academy ... there shall be retained each year for service in the Navy and Marine Corps...only so many as shall equal the number of vacancies...\"","Notes about spheres, torture, Spanish sentence structure and a medicinal formula. Shopping list, a mostly blank small notebook, list of automobile travel expenditures with names of Virginia towns and the vehicle odometer reading, code labeled \"Grimm's Law,\" drawing of a possible boat, drawing of the floor plan of a house and a doodle drawing.","Poems and prose with titles such as \"Our Idyll,\" \"A Prayer\" and \"To One Who Knows\" (1923). Most are handwritten. 1923 typed Christmas poem addressed to Mary Meares from \"Uncle Bill\".","Brochures, pamphlets, sales advertising, \"how to play whist\" pamphlet, postcards, printed poems, recipes, programs, safe driver's manual, \"a Summary History of the Palazzo Dandolo now Royal Hotel Danieli in Venice\" (1896), postcards of Venice, tourist photographs of Venice, an 1894 Missionary Calendar of Prayer, and a 1904 pamphlet Concerning Old Norfolk about Norfolk, Virginia.","Deeds and other legal documents for property in Norfolk, Virginia, Colorado, and Florida.","Scrapbook of newspaper clippings with notes and poems, some by William Wilson Galt, pasted into an account book. Beginning on page 100, accounts for the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby from 1885-1886. Includes loose papers of handwritten poetry, an 1887 map of Alaska, an 1890 broadside for San Salvador and Guatemala, a printed poem \"A Ballad of Manila Bay\" by Timothy Wilfred Oakley and other printed material.","Tax bills and receipts for personal and property taxes.","Typed carbon copy of the Last Will and Testament of William Wilson Galt dated 1927 August 11.","Certificate dated 1878 January 25,  appointing William Wilson Galt as Assistant Paymaster of the Navy, signed by Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States, and R.W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1881 October 15, appointing William Wilson Galt as Passed Assistant Paymaster with the relative rank of Master, signed by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, and  William H. Hunt, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1893 September 26, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the relative rank of Lieutenant, signed by Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, and H. A. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1899 March 3, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy. Certificate dated 1901 February 19, assigning William Wilson Galt as number one in the Rank of List of Paymasters in the Navy for Extraordinary Heroism, signed by William McKinley, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1902 April 10, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Inspector of the Navy with the rank of Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Moody, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1903 December 2, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Director of the Navy, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Wood, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate of Membership in the Society of Manila Bay for William Wilson Galt, USS Raleigh, signed by George Dewey, Commodore US Navy, undated.    Picture and roster of the members of the Society of Manila Bay who attended the banquet at Admiral Dewey's resident in Washington, DC on 1914 May 1.  Photograph is very fragile and rolled.  All certificates are loosely rolled.","Includes individual items for Susie Galt, Carrington G. Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt, Mary Carrington Galt and Robert W. Galt, plus newspaper clippings about various family members and homes.","Correspondence, mostly regarding genealogy of the Galt Family, plus her files on the Galt Family genealogy.","Correspondence to Mamie Garland and her father Maurice Garland about the Galt Family with some general letters and invitations from members of the Galt Family.","Correspondence to Mary \"Mamie\" Garland about the Galt Family with some personal correspondence with friends and family and business correspondence in relation to her jobs at the Valentine Museum and the Richmond Public Library.","Charts, notes, news clippings, and correspondence about Galt Family genealogy.","Empty envelopes, blank greeting cards and blank notepaper.","Some items were moldy when accessioned. They have been boxed separately and are currently unavailable to the public.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from her husband, William Wilson Galt. 3 letters.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Small notebook with two pages of accounts.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Speeches, reports, and poem about the Masons.","1809 property tax bill, and 1808 letter from Lewis Stuart of Greenbrier.","These papers mainly deal with Hugh Blair Grigsby's business and family in Charlotte County, Virginia. Includes some early family papers, deeds and correspondence. The papers were accessioned as a group of loose papers and a group of file folders in a wooden box. In organizing these papers, this original grouping has been kept. The loose papers are arranged alphabetically by subject, then the papers in the wooden box are also arranged alphabetically by subject. There is an overlap.","15 business or calling cards with Hugh Blair Grigsby's signature.","Letter from Annie Christian to Mrs. Anne Fleming about Indian attacks and related troubles, plus her desire to be in Botetourt County, dated 1780 April 1. Hugh Blair Grigsby collected her letters. Most of the letters are housed in the Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers at the Virginia Historical Society.","1842 letter has a note \"The only piece of the handwriting of my mother that I possess.\" 1840 letter deals with results of the presidential election, 1841 letter to his wife about his visit to Norfolk, Virginia; undated response to a complaint by Joseph Caldwell; 1855 letter regarding his purchase of \"Pocohantas\"; undated letter from Mary Blair Grigsby Galt to her Mother; undated letter to Mrs. Grigsby at Edgehill from \"Cousin P. E. R.\"","1881 receipt from John E. Holt. Agreement of Partition between H. Carrington Grigsby and William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair his wife, dated January 24, 1882. February 8, 1882 agreement between Mrs. M. V. Grigsby, administratrix of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby from Thomas Word.","Receipts, invoices, accounts and business correspondence relating to items purchased for home, business and farm.  Includes an 1828-1831 account sheet for money received and money expended, requests for loans from neighbors, bond material, and a small book, \"Account of John E. Holt\" from 1869-1879.  Two accounts were grouped separately when accessioned and have been grouped separately in the back of this folder:  Accounts with W. H. Smith from 1875-1882 and Accounts with John E. Holt and J. W. Eggleston from 1869-1881.","Account book for family and farm expenses and payments from 1887-1896. Does not include an index, but names of people and merchants are noted on each page. One small \"daily\" notebook with financial information, undated. Bank book from \"Exchange National Bank in Norfolk\" with entries from 1871-1880.","Notes on the early history of Virginia and a tribute written \"to the memory of my father the Rev. Benjamin Porter Grigsby\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Small group of papers belonging to Mary Venable Grigsby, the wife of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Circa 1829 letter from a friend in Richmond, Virginia; a calling card; an 1882 application for life insurance; two undated letters from her son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby (one while at Hampden-Sydney College); undated letter from her sister.","Plats, deeds and related material for land in Charlotte County. Includes a 1736 survey by William Westbrook with notes on \"Booker Survey\"; 1793 survey for Thomas Read; Edward Fitzgerald deed to Hugh B. Grigsby; 1870 survey of the \"Low Grounds of Edgehill\" by Thomas F. Petters, correspondence on land bought from the Cardwell Family (1870's and 80's) and more.","1839 deed from George Garraway to Edward Fitzgerald for land on East Street; 1855 deed from Rosina Karcher to Simon S. Stubbs for property on Main Street; 1858 deed from Hugh B. Grigsby to Charles B. Duffield for property on East Street.","List of items taxed for 1879 and Grigsby's copy of the letter sent when paying bill.","Handwritten copy of an indenture, 1859 April 2, in the \"City of Williamsburg between Hugh Blair Grigsby...in his own behalf and in behalf of his infant son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, of his infant nephews, Hugh Grigsby Whitehead, Henry Colgate Whitehead, John Boswell Whitehead, Jr., Holbrook Whitehead and Park Lewis Poindexter, and of his nieces Cornelia Grigsby, Irwin, Jr, Billie Poindexter and Mary Irwin...and the President and Masters or professors of William \u0026 Mary in Virginia...a certificate of debt...of One Thousand dollars bearing six per cent interest per annum payable half yearly to have and to hold.... Copy of signatures of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Benjamin S. Ewell. Paragraph in the indenture explains why he is listing his son, nieces and nephews on the document. Document from Benjamin S. Ewell that states \"whereas the late Hugh Blair Grigsby...endow in said college, 'The Chancellor Scholarship\" with his bond, dated 1881 January 18. 1881 Resolution from the Convocation of the Board of Visitors and Governors of William \u0026 Mary in memory of the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, LL. D.","Handwritten poems, a hymn, a shopping list, published tributes to Hugh Blair Grigsby at his death, printed sheets of the hymn written by Hugh B. Grigsby in 1877, and two copies of pamphlet Lines, to my Daughter on her Fourteenth Birthday, privately printed in Norfolk. 1881 May 20 Richmond Dispatch clipping with a poem, \"Lines: Suggested by the Death of Hon. Hugh Blair Grigsby, April 28, 1881,\" \"Hymn written on the morning of the 22d of November 1877, when I entered my seventy-second year\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby and \"A Sonnet on Spring\" from Farmville.","Deeds, surveys and plats of land in Charlotte County. Names on documents include Joel Watkins, Brooks Becker, Thomas H. Spencer and William L. Morton.","Nine 1861 confederate certificates at 8 per cent and four 1864 confederate bonds at 4 per cent.","Handwritten  letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby to Mr. Grinnan of Orange County, Virginia about the Porter Family genealogy and Grigsby Family genealogy.  Stamped envelope included.","Receipts, accounts, agreements, invoices, and correspondence for bank business, personal loans, bonds, and purchases.","Receipts for purchase and sale of slaves by the Whitehead and Grigsby families in Charlotte County and Norfolk, Virginia.  Slave names included:  Louisa, Richard, Emanual, Elexena and her three children Jenny, Fanny and \"blank\", Virginia and Richard and Rachal and child Diana.","1856 document electing Hugh Blair Grigsby as a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and an 1861 letter inviting him to a meeting of the Massachusetts Historical Society.","Agreement on rental or use of farm property.","Handwritten and printed poetry. One poem, \"Life's Latest Pleasures\" was written when Grigsby was 85 years old. Includes 1867 poem, \"Lines to Hugh Blair Grigsby, L.L.D, President of the Virginia Historical Society\" by Emma Early.","Includes 1779 January 14 plat and description of land which was part of the estate of Thomas Watkins and part of the tract of land owned by Beverly Randolph in Charlotte County, 1805 deed from Joel Watkins to Clement Carrington, 1862 letter from John McPhail sending \"old deeds pertaining to the Edgehill Estate,\" 1878 survey for \"T. N. Jones and Catlet\" to sell the lands of W. Cardwell in Charlotte County, 1879 deed where Robert Catlet sells the Cardwell land to Hugh Blair Grigsby, 1887 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and H. Carrington Grigsby transferring Edgehill tract to H. Carrington Grigsby, 1905 sketch of the \"lines between the farms of Carrington Grigsby and J. Flood Morton as agreed upon by them and established by J. D. Morton\", and an undated survey description of land on the Little Roanoke River.","Papers concerning the lawsuit between Pugh and Cardwell which centered on land that Grigsby wanted to purchase.  Includes deeds, financial information and property related documents.  The land belonged William Cardwell and Thomas Cardwell.","Papers concerning the purchase of the William W. Read property which adjoined Edgehill. Includes deed of sale, correspondence and notes. Appears that Read refused to sell the property after he had agreed in writing to the sale.","List of personal property which included 42 slaves above the age of 16, 9 slaves aged 12-16 years old, 21 horses, 1 piano, 1 gold watch, 1 carriage, stock shares and $125 in value of silver plate.","1872 letter written by H.C. Grigsby to Miss Margaret Venable about boarding at her house when he visits Hampden-Sidney and 1875 letter from H. Carrington Grigsby to \"Cousin Mag\" sending his regards.","Papers of Hugh Carrington Grigsby, which also includes some material for his sister, Mary Blair Grigsby before and after her marriage to William Wilson Galt.   Hugh Carrington Grigsby resided at Edgehill in Charlotte County, Virginia.  His papers concern family matters, such as the estate of his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, business affairs of the family and relationships with his sister Mary Blair Grigsby, William Wilson Galt and other relatives who lived in Charlotte County and elsewhere.  Even though he invited many ladies to local events, often with the collusion of friends, he never married.  He was engaged to Mary H. Holt in 1897 but she evidently broke the engagement because she loved someone else.  Many letters deal with the local community regarding farming, money, local politics, clubs, and more.  After his Father's death, Hugh Carrington Grigsby slowly becomes more involved in the local community.  Letters from his Mother express concern about his welfare, opinions on family matters, reports of her daily routines and advice.","Correspondents include Mary B. Grigsby (sister), Paulus A. Irving (friend) and Hugh Blair Grigsby (father). Mary B. Grigsby asks for advice on how to dress and how to behave when she visits him, probably at Hampton-Sydney College in 1876.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, his sister Mary B. Grigsby, and other family members and friends. W. Irving Taylor writes about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby. John Whitehead, Carrington's uncle, sends a letter from Mr. Brock who asks for the original minutes of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of William and Mary which should be with his Father's papers. Family letters often concern Hugh Blair Grigsby's death and estate. Other letters offer condolences on the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Lucie Knight and Alice Marrow write concerning invitations from Carrington Grigsby.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. W. G. Morton asks to buy a Revolutionary War flint lock gun, Nina Bouldin solicits donations for a library at the Mt. Pisgah Academy. Letters from brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, J. B. Whitehead, Rev. J. J. Kirkpatrick, and others. Includes draft of a letter from H.C. Grigsby to R. C. Reid where he states that Reid was out of line to publically correct him, letter from B. Johnson Barbour who wants an interview about Hugh Blair Grigsby, letters from W.P. Dye and others about farming and livestock practices, letters from neighbors and friends extending invitations, letter from Robert Armistead of Richmond, Virginia about purchases made by Mary Galt, and a letter from A. E. T. Bradford about a \"J. W. Madison\" desk given to Hugh Blair Grigsby which was to be returned to him after Hugh Blair Grigsby's death.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  Miss Alice Murrow accepting an invitation, Louise Carrington, great grandson of John Grigsby A.B. McCorkle, relative J. B. Whitehead, mother Mary V. Grigsby, sister Mary G. Galt, cousin B.A. White), neighbor J. W. Morton, and cousin Louise Carrington. Includes letters from Mary G. Galt to her mother, a letter from Cousin Thomas B. Venable to Mrs. Mary Grigsby about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, family letters concerning his father's estate, invitations from F. H. Bouldin and other neighbors, replies from invitations to young ladies, letter about membership in Aspin Grove Range, and letters concerning the price of corn and other farm items.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby, Carrington's mother, is living with different relatives after the death of her husband.","Includes family, friend, and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, cousin John B. Whitehead, sister Mary G. Galt, Lucy A. Priddy asking for a loan, cousin J. C. Carrington, friend and old neighbor J. W. Morton,  Miss M. G. Nowlins, L. H. Hayes regarding horses, Miss S. A. Boswell with an invitation to church, an invitation from Mrs. McKelway, a driving invitation from Jennie Watkins, cousin Nellie Watkins, Alice Marrow regarding a visit, and cousin Louise Carrington.   Includes a letter from W. H. Grigsby in Washington, DC about reviewing an enclosed crayon portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, letter from Lyon G. Tyler asking for any correspondence between Hugh Blair Grigsby and President Tyler for his research on President Tyler, letters from neighbors about escaped sheep and a loan, letters from young ladies and a letter from a local farmer J. E. Holt to Mrs. Grigsby about his family and farming.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations and wedding announcements. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Charles Deane of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Louise Carrington, Emmett M. Dickson and other friends and relatives. Includes letters of introduction by friends for Carrington Grigsby to use during a visit to Kentucky, letter from Mrs. Louise Leigh (cousin) with a note on the back by Carrington about his friendship with her and how he'll miss talking with her now that she is married, a poem by Miss Bigalow, a letter from W. H. Grigsby about a crayon likeness of Hugh Blair Grigsby, an analysis of \"Vivorilla Guano\" and a copy of his letter to Mrs. Reuben (Virginia) Grigsby Chandler. Mary V. Grigsby's letters relate her daily routines and visits plus she gives advice to Carrington.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations, and wedding announcements. Correspondents include:  Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Mary Bolling, Charles Deane, Marie Shepperdson, John Whitehead, C.T . Hanson, P. R. Carrington about the Carrington genealogy, cousin Henrietta McCormick of Chicago, T. R. Rogers, S. W. Morton, Marianne E. Skelton, and Pattie Finch. Includes a handwritten program for a local \"musical soiree\" at Mrs. Kate McKelway's home, letter from Frank G. Ruffin who wants copy of Hugh Blair Grigsby's address to the Virginia Convention about the Federal constitution, notes from neighbors about oats and nails, letter from Boylan Green about a new debating society, and letters from extended family members about genealogy.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mary V. Grigsby, M. L. Nowlin,  G. T. Hersfelt, Mary E. Bollings, cousin John Whitehead, Miss Bigelow, and W. M. Cary. Includes 1884 invitation to Hampton Sidney College's graduation, letter from Sheriff C.V. Marshall appointing Carrington as one of the commissioners to view proposed new road, invitation to 1884 leap year party, letter from B. Johnston Barbour about one of Hugh Blair Grigsby's addresses, and letter electing Grigsby as delegate to represent the Walton Magistrate District at the Democratic convention in Roanoke.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby continues to give advice and talk of her daily routine and health.  William Wilson Galt mentions that he may be sent to Europe.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mrs. Grigsby, Miss Willie Garland, and other family members, friends, and business acquaintances. Includes invitations to local functions and homes, thank you notes for books, notes from Peachy Gilmer, Miss Jeffress and other female friends, note from Dr. Thackston about teeth and dentist problems, Lillian Lee genealogy, and letter from Mrs. G. P. Rice telling him bluntly that she will not congratulate him on his appointment to the Russian Delegation.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby has further serious health problems.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: J. D. Shepperson, cousin Annie Read, Victor Murguiondo, William Wilson Galt, W. W. Glasgow, Charles Deane, Mary B. Grigsby Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and others. Includes invitations to the \"jois de Vie\", copy of letter from Carrington to his Mother while he was visiting White Sulphur Springs, responses from lady friends, letters of introductions, letters concerning ladies (one letter from H.H. Booker telling Carrington that a certain young lady was \"at church\" today), letters about genealogy, letters from neighbors about farming matters, letter fom J. D. Shepperson about helping with a negro club, and letter from William W. Glasgow about the changes in Virginia and \"the race of true Virginians.\" William Wilson Galt writes about his family's move into a new home and business/land dealings that concern the Grigsby Family. John Whitehead writes about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate.  Mary B.Grisby Galt tells of her growing family and activities.  Mrs. Galt is staying with friends.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mrs. L. Carrington, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, John Whitehead, and others. Mrs. L. Carrington asks for a loan in a flowery letter. William Wilson Galt relates financial information and family affairs . Letter from a Mrs. Crampton (?) who wants her son to receive some education and asks Carrington to ask Mr. Galt about Navy prospects, reply from William Galt about the Navy and about a lady \"prospectz' for Carrington. Mrs. Grigsby's eyes are not doing well. She appears to be living with the Galt Family. Miss Maria Davison about genealogy of the Ross Family. W. S. Morton complains about two loose colts.","Family, friend, and business correspondence. Mr. P. B. Price wants to publish a Hampton Sydney address by Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Farming related correspondence about prices, orders, and more.  William Wilson Galt writes about selling Main Street house, family affairs, and Mrs. Grigsby.  Letters and replies to invitations from ladies, plus a letter from P. Morison who writes, \"I should prefer not going out with you...I go with are usually college boys and the younger Seminary students in whom I feel some special interest...\"  Kate Bigelow writes about her teaching job and \"if I see or know of any one whom I think will suit you, I will certainly remember you\".  W. T. Ewell writes from William \u0026 Mary about the bond deeded to William \u0026 Mary by Hugh Blair Grigsby and the portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Invitations from neighbors.  Lottie Carrington sells seven of a dozen of autographed letters from George Washington for $25 each, and is trying to locate some of the other letters that belong to her.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Johnson sends a journal article, Lizzie J. Hunt requests a buggy ride to the court house, William Wilson Galt writes about Grigsby business and the Main Street House, J. W. Hooper  and others want to see Hugh Blair Grigsby's papers from Hampden  Sidney, business letters about farming and banking, Miss Lulie Watkins prays that he meant it when he said he wanted to accept Jesus and explains the plan of Salvation, Nancy Stuart requests his picture for a young lady, Mrs. Grigsby writes of her personal and family affairs and lectures him on other matters, relatives and friends appear to be concerned that he's not married yet, W. W. Read warns about a tenant and  J. D. Griselin requests Hugh Blair Grigsby's letters for Miss Sallie Tazewell who is republishing a series of her father's letters.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Gaines has organized a female reading club and is still teaching, Major Gaines reports that Col. Whitehead has nominated Gaines to the State Board of Agriculture, Mrs. Viola Minor asks for beef steak \"I wanted to ask you this but could not summon up courage\", and other correspondence from neighbors and relatives who write of family and local news, the illness of his Mother, and send replies or requests to invitations for visits or functions. Telegram from his Mother about the birth of Robert Ware Galt, son of Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt. Appears that Mrs. Grigsby is staying at Edgehill during the later part of the year where friends and neighbors care for her. Letters from \"cousins\" suggest that he is leading a boring and dull life and sympathize that he cannot find a companion, though there are many notes about \"dates\" with ladies. Cousin Berta Lackey writes in February of a horse and carriage accident that injured her, about not knowing what love is and implies there might be something going on between the two of them but in March she writes \"I will ever regard you with the cousinly interest that first led me to address a letter to you\". She later writes more letters, mentioning going to Richmond to get a fragment of bone removed due to her carriage accident. Her writing style is Victorian and her subject matter introspective and analytical. She is a teacher and lives near Lexington, Virginia. By the end of the year, after meeting Carrington and his family in both Lexington and Richmond, the \"relationship\" seems to be completely platonic. A Mrs. Minor and her daughter, Viola, write to Mrs. Grigsby about an incident at Edgehill where the daughter was either renting rooms or staying as a housekeeper. Evidently Carrington Grigsby became enraged by an incident, suggesting Viola did something dishonest, but Mrs. Minor has found that no one else is surprised by his behavior, and her children are raised to be honest people.","There are only five letters for 1889. William Wilson Galt writes about financial issues and Annie Read writes to Mrs. Grigsby about the death of her father. Includes a bond from Mary V. Grigsby to Carrington Grigsby.","There are only five letters for 1890. Three letters are addressed to Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby from friends and relatives. The other letters to Carrington concern selling stock.","Seven letters, mostly dealing with stock and other financial matters. Lizzie Nash offers condolences on the death of a family member, but is unclear who died.","Four letters. Includes a request for apples by Cousin Annie Read, the selling of Carrington's tobacco by Moss, Eanes and Gills, and matters about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate from John Whitehead.","Five items. Includes letters from neighbors, William Wilson Galt and a bond between Carrington Grigsby, Dr. McPhail, and H. L. Smith.","Letters about farming, requests for Hugh Blair Grigsby's writings, and personal and family finances. Includes a list of books with the number of volumes in each set, a letter from Dr. A. S. Priddy requesting Carrington's recommendation to Walter H. Taylor for the open position at Eastern Virginia Hospital, and letters from a woman friend who is upset that Carrington will not reply to her letters. Members of the Read family, cousins to Carrington, write about different local and personal matters.","Correspondence with businesses, family and friends. Includes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns, business matters such as price of crops and farming items and a request for farming items for the \"Cotton States and International Exposition,\"   Ms. Blair of Walnut Grove, a regular correspondent in other years, continues to write of local events. William Wilson Galt continues as executor of the estates of both Hugh Blair and Mary Venable Grigsby, and Uncle John Carrington appears to manage other aspects of Carrington's finances. S. D. Morton writes about the low salaries of local teachers and requests Carrington's opinion and Richard Gaine asks him to attend a meeting to discuss county affairs. The William Wilson Galt family moved into a new house in Norfolk which he calls #1 Grigsby Place. Miss Nellie Daniel continues to write and issue invitations for visits. He receives requests for copies of his Father's addresses, and even requests for books from the library.","Includes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns and business matters such as price of crops and farming items. Mary B. Galt writes about her visit with the Galt Family plus asks Carrington to check on Miss Ada at The Grove, nephew Will Galt writes his first letter to \"Uncle Carrington\", Cousin Emma Early writes about her family in Texas, Nannie Daniel continues writing about books, local events, and invites Carrington to visit with the caveat that he better come and stay longer.P. G. Miller, clerk of Court in Goochland County, requests Grigsby genealogical information. The Shepperson and Read families continue to write and extend invitations. Mr. Shepperson writes that he found Carrington's colt dead in the stable.   R. C. Winthrop, Jr. writes that his father's estate includes 114 letters from Hugh Blair Grigsby and over 100 letters written by his father to Hugh Blair Grigsby which were given to his father by Carrington. He suggests that this collection should be kept together, possibly at the Virginia Historical Society. He plans to have the collection arranged chronologically and bound. Joseph Bryan, President of the Virginia Historical Society, writes about the potential loan/gift.","Five letters. N. Daniel invites him to the Presbytery at Bethlehem on the 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th. Dr. A. Duane of New York answers Carrington's query about his eye problems with a possible diagnosis and treatments. Sue Wainwright writes two letters that suggest they may have an interest in each other, but questions why he is always too busy.","Carrington has \"the grippe\" in January and his eyes continue to bother him. On January 9, W. W. Galt writes from Arabia that \"probably about this time...you will have left the estate of 'single blessedness' and will have settled down\". But other letters from family and friends during this time period do not mention a wedding and he appears to be unmarried due to his activities. Mary B. Galt writes often to Carrington, giving news of her family, William Wilson Galt and his navy travels and the Galt family in Norfolk. Uncle John Carrington continues to send financial accountings. One note from Carrington to Uncle John discusses a misunderstanding about money owed. In January and February, Carrington prepares for a visit to Norfolk, writing the Carringtons and Galts about his plans. Annie Galt of Williamsburg, Virginia suggests he come when the weather is nicer. Emma Early Stringfellow, a cousin from Texas, scolds him for never answering her letters. Cousin Maggie Venable asks for a donation to help build a Presbyterian Church in Lawrenceville. J. Morton White of the William \u0026 Mary Quarterly tells of their intention to publish the life of Hugh Blair Grigsby in the February issue and requests any information he can send. Topics once again include the sale of tobacco and other farm items plus business correspondence concerning the farm, banking and stocks. Includes a membership card to the Merrimac Club for twenty days. Beginning in late 1896 and early 1897, many business letters are typed rather than handwritten.","Cousin Kate Flournoy asks if Carrington has a picture of Colonel William Cabell and DC Jackson writes a full description of a carriage and phaeton he is selling and various relatives and business write of farm and local matters. A list \"Patrons of Miss K. Boyds' School\" is included. Carrington Grigsby met, courted and then became engaged to Miss Mary H. Boyd in 1897. She is a teacher, possibly at the Shepperson home. By December 13, something occurred and the engagement was ended. Correspondence from friends, family, and Miss Boyd. Mary B. Galt writes that she would not \"call on Miss M. Hugh Blair because it would be premature.\" On November 10, Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes \"I am truly delighted that she has at last decided positively...and I have written her a real nice sisterly note\". Miss Boyd writes, \"Thank you for what you said in regard to my fine judgement. I promise you that all of my influence (if I have any) shall be used in your behalf.\" Cousin Emma Lou Stringfellow writes to Mary H. Boyd in which she says \"I know he is one of nature's best nobleman...\" and gives many other attributes of Carrington. The December 13 breakup letter from Mary H. Boyd says, \"if I could have been launched in to matrimony on the high-tide of my feelings...all would have been well but those things that have broken my dream of yours...frightened and chilled me and I cannot find it in my heart to forgive the fate that makes it so\". John Whitehead writes, \"I presume...the estrangement is permanent...there are thousands of lovely ladies in Virginia.\" Some undated letters from Miss Boyd are at the end of the folder. Mrs. Cynthia B. T. Coleman of Williamsburg answers a letter from Carrington about purchasing two chairs belonging to her Uncle William Randolph. She jokes that she barely has two hundred cents much less $200 to buy them. She notes \"if Randolfhians is at such a premium I think I had better make my fortune selling off my silver and glass that he brought with him from England. Poor as I am I think I will keep these treasures and hand them down to my children's children.\"","Letter from Mary Boyd to Carrington discussing the breakup, the rumors around Smithville and how well he is behaving like a \"manly man.\" A draft of a letter from Carrington to Mary Boyd about the termination of their engagement. Other relatives and friends give him support after the termination, especially John Whitehead, Nancy Daniel and Cousin Stringfellow. Nancy Daniel notes that Mary Boyd only wanted \"to carry on a fliration...and she did not love any body but Mr. F.\" Miss Shewall tells of seeing Mary Boyd with Cabell Flourney and they might be engaged.   Nancy Daniel continues to write letters asking why he doesn't write or visit often, suggesting he thinks she is uninteresting and wanting to know all about his activities, especially with ladies. Emily Christian from William and Mary asks if he wants a subscription to The William and Mary Quarterly. Mary B. Galt is in Presbyterian Hospital in New York because of possible heart problems. Walter Anderson asks about his Blair Family ancestors. Langhorne Crosby is desperate to know if \"Willie Galt\" is all right since he is in Manila. Sue Wainwright writes, \"When you get this - I will have left Charlotte - I am too sick at heart to write - goodby - God bless you.\" T. P. Wilson responds to his query about how to kill tobacco worms. Samuel Hannah apologises, asks forgiveness and explains what happened when he stopped by Mrs. Galt's house after he'd had too much to drink. Includes correspondence about farm crops and implements, business transactions and local and family matters with invitations from family and local residents. Includes a November 3 letter from William Wilson Galt in Jamaica to Mrs. Mary B. Galt, list of Kathryn Boyd's patrons for 1898 and a letter from Mrs. Mary B. Galt saying her husband has returned from Manila.","Three letters. Two letters written for Beverly Thomas asking for an extension for a payment for land and one note requesting flour.","1900 Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes that her son, Hugh, is better but \"I don't want him to return to Wm \u0026 Mary at all, for I don't believe they can get decent food there at all.\" Samuel Read asks how he can obtain a copy of \"History of South Side Virginia\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby. Nannie Daniel writes \"You seem to have quite a fondness for widows. Now there are four...I think it is time you were getting married...some one said you were in love with yourself and would never love any body else.\" Mary B. and William Wilson Galt have a new son named Carrington Grigsby Galt. Carrington is a member of the State Board of Agriculture. He still receives letters from friends who tell him about ladies visiting the area. The Virginia Historical Society asks him about some newspapers that he had talked about giving to them. Mary B. Galt speaks of Miss Nannie who is looking after the children and wishes that Carrington was living such a family life. Includes letters from relatives and neighbors. Appears that he is helping some of his poorer relations and neighbors. Includes correspondence about farm purchases such as seeds, fertilizer and machinery and selling farm products. 1908 Correspondence 2 letters. Philip Alexander Bruce about his work on the early history of Virginia and Mrs. Kate B. Page of Danville accepts a request for Carrington to visit her at Edwins.","Mainly personal letters from family and friends, but also business correspondence about the farm and Edgehill. Invitations, acceptances, family news and local news. Includes letters from Mary B. Galt, Kathryn Boyd, Shepperson Family, Read Family, Mary Scott about teaching James, a price list and catalogue for Fanny Clark \u0026 Co's in Connecticut, rough draft of Carrington's letter to Mrs. Deane and the \"By-laws Governing the Joie de Vie Club of Charlotte\".","Correspondence and accounts with banks and uncle John Whitehead about the estate. An inventory of Edgehill with value assigned, a list and division of the plaster casts and busts, a list and division of house linens, an inventory list entitled \"Odds\" and a statement of \"cost of sale of real estate property\". A power of attorney document where Mary V. Grigsby appoints John C. Williams her attorney.","Ledger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees. Includes index.","Ledger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees.  Includes a loose leaf account sheets for 1888 with personal expenses noted.","Small book with personal accounts. Many entries relate to money transactions with friends, neighbors and relatives.","Ten small memoranda account books. These small pads were probably carried with him as he did his daily business. He records business dealings, cost of farm related items and a few personal notes or reminders.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby. Includes a February 4, 1897 receipt from The Colonial Hotel in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Ledger sheets for accounts with T. J. Berry, who appears to be a metal worker.  Other accounts and invoices for T. J. Berry may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Ledger sheets for accounts with W. T. Faris, who appears to be an owner of a general store. Other accounts and invoices for W. T. Faris may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Ledger sheets for accounts with H. M. Smith and Company, which appears to be a grocery and general store.  Many other invoices for H. M. Smith and Company are filed in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Three bank check stub books and one page of a saving book account with Franklin Savings Bank.","List of securities in safe at Charlotte Bank Insurance Company.","Correspondence, invoices and contracts about stocks and bonds. 25 or more stock certificates for \"Florence Railroad and Improvement Company\" purchased in 1888.","Personal Property and other tax bills and payments. Some years involve the estates of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Blair Grigsby. Includes a 1897 list of taxable property.","1892 certificate as an active member of the Smithville Democratic Club; 1895 notices to \"Tax Payers of Charlotte County, Virginia\" from a committee charged with reviewing the county budget of which Carrington was a member; 1900 printed list of committees for the \"Laying of the Cornerstone of the Confederate Monument\" of which Carrington was on the Executive Committee .","Invoices, receipts, correspondence, and policies for property and life insurance.  Some material on the life insurance policies of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby, with the policy documents for Mary V. Grigsby.  Includes insurance policy transfers from William L. Nelson to Carrington Grigsby and  John B. Holt to Carrington Grigsby, both in 1882.","Small notepad listing items from the Grigsby Family by category, then by Mr. Grigsby and Mrs. Galt.  Appears to be a division of the estate of Hugh Blair and Mary V. Grigsby.","Two small daily journals with entries about daily activities and genealogy notes.","Includes hand drawn plot of Cumberland Street Property in Norfolk, Virginia from 1889; purchase documents with the Grottoes Company for villa lots at Shendun, Virginia; 1899 deed between Beverly and Alice Thomas and H.C. Marshall for land originally purchased by Beverly and Alice Thomas from Carrington Grigsby and Mary B. Galt; 1893 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and Hugh Carrington Grigsby where she gives him Edgehill in Charlotte County as collateral for a debt of Lelia B. Walker.","There is some overlapping in the financial and correspondence papers. Contains bonds, notes, road surveys, merchant's license for operating a dry goods and grocery story, license for \"standing\" a jack (mule) and a stallion, $15,080 note with William Wilson Galt, a farming contract with Tazewell Taylor, administrator papers for Mary and Louisa Cooper and an appointment to survey the lands of William W. Read.","Broadside announcement of the \"Resolutions of Respect in the memory of Judge Wood Bouldin\" which were passed at a \"meeting of the citizens of Charlotte County, Court Day, November 6th, 1876.\" Broadsides for farm machinery, \"Spring Hill Nursery\" in Prospect, Virginia, \"Greensboro Nurseries\" in Greensboro, North Carolina, tobacco, chemicals, bookstores, kettles, and manure. March 1900 flyer for the Southern Historical Association, price list for plows from \"Charles E. Hunter\" in Richmond, Virginia; how-to cards from \"A.H. Patch\" of Clarksville, Tennessee, two copies of Volume II, No. 11, 1891 March 14 \"Knowledge, a Weekly Magazine\", reprint of \"Use and Abuse of the Obstetric Forceps,\" and flyer with prices from tobacco to groceries for \"Sublett \u0026 Cary\" General Commission Merchants.","1876 article on Lord Botetourt, undated article \"Bowie of Alamo Fame\" and an 1896 page from \"The Sun\" in New York.","List of months and their flowers and meanings, 1879 April 13 love poem, paper on Algernon Sidney (paper may possibly be by Hugh Blair Grigsby), 1870 paper entitled \"Education.\"","Material that could not be definitely associated with either the Grigsby or Galt Family.","Blank Valentine greeting card and empty envelopes from Cassiday and Thorp, Iroquois Club of San Diego California, and Vaughan's Seed Store in New York.","Newspaper clippings, mostly with events in Williamsburg, Virginia but some historical and society news.","Includes a drawing of a bookshelf, financial estimates, costs of materials, illegible address of Richard Henry, handwritten poetry in various handwritings, and an essay on religion.","Includes news clippings; a printed John Knox poem, a program of \"The Little Duke\" performed in at the Broad Street Theatre in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1879-80; a pamphlet \"Ode Commemorating the Entrance of the Hon. Horace Binney on his Ninety-Third Year\" dated 1872 January 4 and printed in Norfolk, Virginia; 1939 brochure by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities \"Pocahontas Bright Stream Between Two Hills\", and two other pamphlets for Jamestown Island, 1941 and undated.","These photographs have been grouped by Galt Family, Grigsby Family, provenance unknown. Includes a few tintypes and daguerreotypes.","Galt Family Photographs","\n*Dimensions range from 5\"x7\" to 6\"x9\"","Galt House in Williamsburg, 20th Century","Dicky Galt, CSA","Maurice Hamner Garland","Lucy B. Galt Garland (2)","Herbert Randolph Galt","Eva Galt","Lucy Galt","Landon Cabell Garland","Herbert Galt Garland (2)","William Wilson Galt in uniform, formal pose","Mary Meares Galt, Betty Ashe Galt, Rogers H. Galt, Jr., and John Meares Galt","Mary Ware Galt (2)","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt","Unknown Subject","Dimensions average, 4\"x6\"","Postcard of Will Galt","Alfred Galt (?)","Annie Alexina Galt","Bettie Galt","Elizabeth Ash Galt","Elizabeth Welsh Galt","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt","Hugh Carrington Galt","James S. Galt","John Mears Galt","Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","Mary Carrington Galt","Mary Mears Galt","Mary Williams Ware Galt (wife of William Richard Galt)","Robert Ware Galt","Rogers H. Galt, Jr.","Susan Duane Galt","William Richard Galt","William Richard Galt, Jr.","William Wilson Galt","*Group Photographs:","Miss Mary Ware Galt and Mrs. Mary Ware Galt","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Mary Eggleston, C. C. Field, William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, and Mary C. Ward","Betsy and Germaine Minson Galt","Betsy Andrews, Thomas Randolph, and James Minson","Mary Mears Galt, Roger H. Galt, Bettie Galt, John M. Galt, and Mary Ware Galt","William Wilson Galt, \"Will in uniform\", ","Mary M. Galt, 7 weeks old","William Wilson Galt in uniform (3)","William Wilson Galt in uniform standing on ship (not labeled)","William Wilson Galt, 1873 (3)","William Wilson Galt (2)","Two children on porch","Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","\"John G. Zimermann and Alfred G. Zimermann on latter's entering the Naval Academy\" (Postcard)","Mary Carrington Galt","*Friends and Others, Many Navy Related","Photograph of a medal with a bust of an Officer of the Navy","Wallace Burnett","Capt. W. R. Capron, Bernkastel Germany 1919 January 19","Ensign H. C. Chadwick (2)","Mrs. A. Duane","Dr. John M. Edga, USN","Fishback, USN","Captain Charles V. Gridley, Lt. Benjamin Tappan,  USS Raleigh","Miss Lilla Howard","J. Y. Rhorer, Guatemala, 1890","Robottom, USN","Lt. Hugh Rodman, (USS Raleigh)","Admr. Fabius Stanly","Susan Armistead Marston Williams (Mrs. Robert S. Christian Ware)","Provost unknown","Unnamed navy man","Unnamed navy man in Hong Kong","F. B. Wilson (in uniform)","Group of Navy Officers","*Navy Related","Postcard of Valle Di Pombei, Grand Hotel","Group picture of five men leaning on a fence with a tent in the background ","Three men riding in cart behind an ox (2) ","Major John G. Tucker and J. W. Mason of Cheyenne, Wyoming","Lighthouse (3 views) ","Ship near harbour ","Shanghai, China harbour scene, Postcard from Edgar to William Wilson Galt","Street scene, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","Soldiers in tents, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","\"Corregidor Island\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)","Group picture of \"Third Division Consort\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","\"Gun dismantled at Sangley after the Battle\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)","\"USS Boston, May 1st, 1898\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"USS Boston, May 1, 1898 about 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"Fort Malate after bombardment when we took Manila\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"Second Division Consort, Ensign Kaiser, May 1, 1898 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay","Beach scene","Army and Navy Club, Washington, DC (2, both with William Wilson Galt, one with E.K. Moore) ","Large sailing ships","Lieutenant Thomas M. Brumby, USN, Flag Lieutenant","Lt. (J. G.) Charles S. Stanworth, USN, No. 10","Six men gathering around a table, drinking","5 men sitting in the War Room of Thetic","Lt. R. H. Galt, USN on the USS Montreal","*Tintypes, Negatives and More","Tintype of A. A. Galt and William Wilson Galt","Framed tintype of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","Tintype of an unknown man","Negatives of photographs of the Galt home with a pencil drawing and note \"Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt\" ","Negative proofs of William Wilson Galt in uniform (very faded) ","Negatives and photographs of silhouettes and busts","Postcard of Science Hall at Virginia Tech","Postcard of Mt. Vernon","Galt Photograph album or possibly a Grigsby album, but most of the identified photographs belong to Galt Family members. Leather covered album. Cover decorated with birds and flowers. Most of the photographs are not identified. Includes photographs of Alexander Galt, Conway Roberson, Sarah N. Randolph, Hugh Blair Grigsby, Charles Read, Augusta Talcott, William Wilson Galt, Robert W. Galt, Jr., and others.","These photographs have been grouped by size, then subject.","Grigsby Family and Relatives","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Jan Watkins Carrington, silhouette","Hugh Blair Grigsby ","William T. Hamilton (cousin of Hugh Blair Grigsby) ","Thomas Jefferson Randolph of Edgehill ","John B. Whitehead ","Mrs. John B. Whitehead","Hugh Blair Grigsby and Marion Clark Smith ","*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" ","Photograph of a young lady with an envelope notation \"For Carrington to keep for Alice Blair\" ","Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby (Hugh Blair Grigsby's wife)","John B. Whitehead","*Dimensions range from 5\" x 7\" to 6\" x 9\" ","\"Huge elm at Edgehill B. H. G. standing under gives idea of size. This was taken by H. B. G. Galt\".","Ruins of the house at Edgehill (3) ","Hugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace on Bank Street (4) ","Hugh Blair Grigsby Hugh Blair Grigsby (probably)","Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby (possibly) ","Mary (Cousin) ","Edgehill ","Two girls and a boy, taken by C. C. Firesheets in South Boston, Virginia ","Hugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace in Norfolk, Virginia(3)  ","\"Bill Oglesby, Bill Galt. A ppair to draw to\"","Friends and Others\nMany of these photographs appear to be part of a collection from Hugh Blair Grigsby of friends and famous people. ","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Horace Binney ","Lily Cary ","Edward Coles ","Langhorne Cosby ","Quago Dorman ","\"David Duncan written in my 84th year Wofford College S. C.\" ","\"To Hugh Blair Grigsby from David Duncan, Photograph of Rev. Jas. A. Duncan, D. D. of Virginia\"","William Frazier ","Miss Mattie Gaines (Dowell, Charlotte County, Virginia) ","G. C. Hannah, Jr. ","Paul Jones ","Gertrude Lannehill ","Cincinnatus Newton ","Mrs. George Newton ","Carter Braxton Poindexter","Edmund Quincy ","Wyndam Robertson, Acting Governor of Virginia 1836–1837","Rev. Philip Slaughter","\"Master George McPhail Smith\" (child)","Henry, William, and Robert Smith","Littleton Waller Tazewell (surname changed from birth name of Bradford to Tazewell) ","Martha Trimble ","\"Annie Tazewell Walker, daughter of Mrs. Richard Walker Norfolk, April 28, 1879\"","Robert C. Winthrop (3) ","*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" ","Mr. Graybill ","P. B. Simms ","Mr. Noyes ","Mary Vaughan ","C. Bouldin ","C. V. L. Marshall","Jim Smith ","Edmonia Reed, Greenfield, Charlotte County, Virginia","Mrs. Megehee ","Thomas Hicks Wynne ","Walker Hill ","Miss Harrison ","Mr. Forbes ","Josh Otley (tinplate) ","Mrs. General Greener ","Madame A. Berghmand, formerly Miss Lilly Macalister of Philadelphia ","Mr. Binney ","Group collage of men from 19th Century","\nMr. Tedham's turnout (with man in wagon) ","Mrs. H. F. Hamilton ","Willie Locke ","John Masters (2) ","Archer Jeffrey ","Miss Jane Comfort ","Mr. Dexter and daughter ","Charles Deane ","William C. Hutter ","R. A. Brock ","Miss Mary Bradford ","B. B. Bonhden ","Mrs. Allibone ","Miss Fannie S. Daniel, Smithville, Charlotte County, Virginia ","Eleanor Harrison Carr ","Gussie Talcott ","Alibone ","Mrs. Noyes ","Miss S. Leadon ","Thomas R. Jones of Accomack ","Lyman C. Raper ","George","Miss Emily Doyle ","Aaron Jeffry ","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Lt. William Freeman Zeilin, Marine Corps ","\nJohn Daniel, US Senator","Julian Harrison ","Eugene O'Locke ","Includes tintypes of Judd Brush, and Walter and Edna Brush, and a framed daguerreotype of Mary Venable Grigsby.","Grigsby Family Photograph Albums Three small leather photograph albums with photographs of friends and family. 1858-1880. Album One Some photographs are labeled incorrectly and there are some photographs without names. N.C. Winthrop Sarah N. Randolph T. Jefferson Randolph Gov. Edward Coles Miss Lizzie ? of Philadelphia Hugh Blair Grigsby McChesney Mr. Peabody General Pendleton Gov. Henry Tazewell Mrs. Henry Tazewell Colonel John Niveson Mrs. John Niveson Mrs. Tazewell Gov. L.W. Tazewell Col. John N. Tazewell Mrs. Skipwith (photograph of a painting) Mrs. Isaac Coles William Nivison Mrs. D. Allihone (Allibone) (J. Austin, Edmonia) Captain Lahrbush (age 109) Mrs. Lilly Berghman Charles Campbell J. Nelson Tappon Col William Lamb Dr. Hugh L. Hodge Jennie Schwartz Clement G. Owens Conway Robinson, Jr.   Album Two Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. Unknown Badford Unknown Winthrop Mrs. J.G. Payton Major J. Gardner Payton Mary N. Payton Susan W. Payton J. Gardner Payton, Jun. Mrs. Leander McCormick Cousin Lucy McCormick Ella J. Bradford W. McCormick Emira Louise McCormick Robert S. McCormick Anne Reubina McCormick Lucy Virginia McCormick Mrs. J McChesney Charles E. Deans W. Noyes Mrs. J. Henry John Henry Mrs. Trimble Unknown Grigsby Miss Harriet Nash Dr. E.E. Balfour Delaney Chandler Warren Moore Chandler A. J. Smith Mrs. John Henry William W. Henry Mrs. William W. Henry Hugh Blair Grigsby Miss Allebone   Album Three Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. John B. Whitehead Mrs. J. B. Whitehead Henry C. Whitehead Miss Emily H. Whitehead (John) B. Whitehead William C. Whitehead Daria Griffith Mrs. Griffith Reia White Charles Reed Mrs. W.L. (Scott) William L. (Scott) Mrs. Lucy A. Morton Mrs. Ann Allen Mr. Hogan Mrs. Hogan Miss Maria Hogan Miss Emma Early Mrs. James D. Davidson James D. Davidson Greenlea Davidson Charles Davidson Robert Davidson Gen. Jenkins Robert Tunstall Hugh Grigsby Whitehead","*Unknown Provenance, Photographs Without Names, and Outdoor Scenes, circa 1860 to c. 1920.","Approximately 50 unnamed photographs ","Daguerreotype of an unknown child","Group photo of a black family, circa 1880, includes mother, father, son and twin daughters","*Unknown provenance of photgraphs with names. Many of these photographs may belong to Hugh Blair Grigsby who collected photographs of friends and famous people. ","Mary Jeffery Wells and Paul Wells, Jr. \nSusie Amesten","President Chester Arthur ","Mrs. Purley Date Bayler ","Beer (female)","Beverington ","Cordelia ","Francis DeCordy ","L. P. Godwin ","Colonel William Lamb ","Bessie Locke ","Marjorie Lowell ","James Lyons ","McCormick ","Bessie McDonald ","H. E. Parminte","Arnold Walke ","Lizzie Wiley ","Daniel Webster, copy of a print \"from the last Picture ever taken\" ","*Outdoor Scenes ","White house with striped awning, postcard from John W. Edgar ","Dark shingled house, 1104 Weston (3 copies)","Street scene, labeled \"A typical street scene in Abacia Town\" ","Old Masonic Lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia Postcard from M. M. Galt to W. W. Galt","New York and Virginia Steamboat advertising card","The Fisher Girl, Corner of Main and Church Street, Norfok, Virginia ","Mormon Tabernacle (2 scenes) ","Bust ","Obelisk ","Dark shingled house (probably 1104 Weston)","Drawing of a sailboat ","Three women, two men and two children on porch of white house","Primarily correspondence of Capt. William Wilson Galt with his wife Mary Blair Grigsby Galt and their sons, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt. Letters are written from California, Charlotte County, Norfolk, and Williamsburg, Virginia. Other letters are between Grigsby family members, particularly to Hugh Carrington Grigsby, the brother of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. William Wilson Galt's letters are written on while on voyages to California, Mexico, Cyprus, Gibraltar, the Azores, and Italy. One letter is dated 1898 April 30, the day before the Battle of Manila Bay while on board the USS Raleigh which was engaged in the battle. Letters from Eastern Publishing Company, a potential publisher of \"The Battle of Manila Bay,\" who were unable to publish the book. Accounts concerning the estate of Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby, the mother-in-law of William Wilson Galt.","Envelopes that did not match correspondence. Addressed to Hugh Blair Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, William R. Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and William Wilson Galt.","Three letters to and from William Wilson Galt. 1894 June 7 letter from John L. Williams and Sons (bankers) to W. W. Galt regarding bonds registered in name of H. Carrington Grigsby; 1897 February 9 letter from William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy to W. D. Boxom, Governor of Florida, acknowledging his receipt of his \"commission as delegate to the Seaboard and Harbor Defense Convention\", and 1897 June 4 letter from H. L. Mitchell appointing Paymaster Galt as delegate to the \"Gulf and Atlantic Coast Defense Convention.\"","Letters from E. Eugene May of the Eastern Publishing Company in Boston, Massachusetts to William Wilson Galt about publishing Galt's book, \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Includes costs, layout decisions and corrections to the manuscript. It appears that the Eastern Publishing Company had financial problems, plus a burglary of their printing plates, and never published the book for William Wilson Galt.","Correspondence between the William Wilson Galt family members. 1881 April 12, William Wilson Galt writes Mary B. Grigsby about the health of her father and gives advice about keeping healthy in mind and body. 1881 December 1, William Wilson Galt, Edgehill, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Galt, about his small wedding at Edgehill and plans to stay in Washington, DC until his ship sails. 1883 August 2, two letters, one to his Mother and one to his Father, about the birth of his son; he draws a baby with an elongated head to describe his son. 1884 August 2 John B. Whitehead to William Wilson Galt about the price of soy on the stock market. 1885 June 2, William Wilson Galt, Williamsburg, Virginia, to his Mother about the birth of his second son, William Richard Galt. 1886 May 15 letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt which is a page of scribbles. 1890 July 17, William Wilson Galt, written aboard the USS Thetis while at sea, to his son; explains how fast the ship travels with comparison to the time his son takes to eat and to sleep, what he sees from the deck of the ship, the Southern Cross used for navigation, whales and large birds. 1891 February 4, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Vallejos, California, to his Grandmother Galt about the USS Thetis being grounded because of worms and family news. 1891 October 25, Grandfather Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt about family news and Hugh Blair Grigsby's account of the earthquake. 1892 December 3, William Wilson Galt, USS Thetis while at sea, to his Mother about arriving soon in San Diego. 1893 February 20, M. M. Galt (wife of Rogers Galt), Naval Academy, to Mary Grigsby Galt about the death of Mamie and family news. 1894 November 8, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Smithville, to his Mother about family news.","Letters from family and friends of the William Wilson Galt Family. 1895 John B. McPhail of Mulberry Hill (a cousin on the Carrington side of the family) replies to an invitation from Mary Blair G. Galt; Reginald F. Poindexter to Mary Blair G. Galt about the work done on the house in anticipation of her arrival; Mary B. G. Galt, Smithville, to her mother-in-law about family news and the Rogers Galt family and Carrington Grigsby to his sister, Mary B. G. Galt about news of the farm and the community in Charlotte County. 1896-97 Hugh B.G. Galt, while in Smithville, writes letters to his father about local and family news and his activities, which include hunting squirrels and rabbits, hog killing, problems with his gun, his health, ice skating, school, summer studies, courthouse visits to hear trials, bicycle rides, searching for Native American, visiting relatives in Norfolk and Williamsburg and his desire for a hound puppy. On 1897 September 18, he mentions that \"Uncle Carrington is going to get married to Miss Mary Boyd, but I don't think he will.\" On 1897 December 18, he writes about the death of Mary W. Ware Galt, his grandmother. William R. Galt, while in Smithville, writes a letter to his father about the marriage of Albert and his activities, which includes his desire for a \"doublebarrel muzzleloader,\" hog killing, trapping, hunting, and raising chickens. Robert Galt, while in Smithville, writes to his Father about the pig killing. In 1897 May, William Wilson Galt, New York, writes his mother about his visit with Susie and Rogers Galt. Rogers leaves for target practice the next day. William Wilson Galt's ship also leaves the next day for one or two years of duty. On 1897 May 16, William Wilson Galt, while at sea near Pico Island in the Azores, tells Hugh B. G. Galt about how the ship operates, what he has seen so far on his voyage and asks, \"I want you to read up on all the places I go to and tell Will, Robert and Mary all about them.\" He also writes Hugh B.G. Galt while in Tangier, Morocco, and Genoa, Italy and at sea in the Mediterranean.","Mostly letters between William Wilson Galt and his family while he is in the Navy. Many letters are from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Father. On February 13, 1898, he writes about his hurt arm, \"the doctor had my arm put under the x-rays every night while I was down there (Norfolk)\" and that his Mother was rundown, got sick in New York and was hospitalized for two weeks. On March 26, 1898, his Mother is home, but still unwell. He writes about his summer plans, his schoolwork and a bicycle accident of a friend. He thanks his Father for the stamps and other items in the boxes he sent. On May 10, 1898, Hugh BlairG. Galt writes, \"...glader to hear of Dewey's victory at Manila, and still more so to hear by a telegram that you were well and sound.\" On March 21, 1899, Hugh B.G. Galt shows his concern about his Father's operation. On April 13, 1898, J. P. Lawrence writes Mary Blair Galt about church work. In his April 30, 1898 letter to his wife, William Wilson Galt is just entering Manila Bay. Sketches the ships in squadron formation. Mentions the possibility of dying during the battle, then proceeds to tell her what assets they have and how to handle everything if he should die. In February 23, 1899, William Wilson Galt is in New York and hopes to come home and \"stay with you all for a long time.\" Undated letters at the end of the folder include letters from Mrs. W.R. Galt to son, William Wilson Galt and family, plus a letter from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Grandmother Galt. A recipe for sweet pickle written on an incomplete letter by Mary B.G. Galt.","Majority of the letters are to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from family and friends, but two undated letters are to \"Mrs. Grigsby\" from H. C. Nowlin in Richmond, Virginia about buying items for Mrs. Grigsby, and health problems. Hugh Carrington Grigsby attended \"The Cluster School\" at \"Blackwalnut P. O.\" in Halifax, Virginia in 1871 and 1872. 1871 January 8 letter from \"Johnny\" at Hampden-Sidney College talks about how wonderful college life is. Letters from both his mother and father are full of advice and some criticisms. His father, Hugh Blair Grigsby, often tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby, with many examples, that the work he does now will enable him to be successful later. Clem D. Lewis writes twice in late 1871 about his troubles with the whooping cough and recent and future parties. In 1872, Hugh Blair Grigsby writes about the death of cousin Clem C. Read \"who was named after Grandfather.\" Hugh Blair Grigsby tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby \"Father cannot tell you how much his heart is set upon you and how anxiously he wishes you to be what you can so easily become if you are true to yourself.\" In 1872, Hugh Carrington attends Hampden-Sidney College. In 1873, his sophomore year, his father is writing with suggestions about his difficulty in mathmatics and \"as you stand in the Sophomore year, so you stand for the rest of your course. I wish you to be a scholar for many reasons, and not the least is that your future fortunes depend on your success. You will have to make your own way in the world; and the more accomplished you are in your studies, the greater the probability of success.\" 1874 May 4, his Father writes, \"Both my health and your mother's is frail, and we look to you as our support in our declining years, and we are solicitious that your conduct will entitle you to the esteem of all men and women with you associate.\" 1890 October 26, letter from William T. Grigsby, Union City, Tennessee, to Mrs Grigsby, Relict of Honorable Hugh B. Grigsby, requesting a photograph of Hugh Blair Grigsby. An undated letter from Hugh Carrington Grigsby relates a story he heard from a \"youth\" about \"cogitations upon the prospect of entering college\".","Taxes related to the estate, 1890-1894; invoices for items paid by or charged to the estate, many of them by Mrs. Grigsby prior to her death, with receipts and canceled checks (1889-1898); poem, possibly written by William Wilson Galt, and probably about his mother-in-law, Mary V. Grigsby; copies of deeds and other legal documents, beginning in 1882; notebook with entries for expenditures in regard to Mary V. Grigsby's estate (1891-1894) and receipts of payments made to Grigsby Family members during the division of the estate, particularly the sale of Virginia bonds in 1894. Some items concern administrative matters that carried over from the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby who died in 1881. Mary Blair Grigsby Galt was an administrator to his estate.","A photocopy of a Galt family tree with notation, \"This chart was made in 1934 by Rogers Harrison Galt, in collaboration with Mary Meares Galt\".  The chart begins with Samuel Galt (circa 1700-1761).","Typed carbon copy on tissue paper of the Naval Record of Captain William Wilson Galt entitled \"Record of William Wilson Galt, Captain (S C) U.S.N.\" The record begins in 1877 and ends in 1925 when he retired. Gives a short biographical background which was noted on his entrance examination in 1877. October 30 letter to Paymaster W. W. Galt from R. W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, thanking him and commending him for the rescue of the disabled schooner \"Express\" and bringing her safely to Key West harbor; 1899 July 29 letter from the Secretary of the Navy with an excerpt from a letter from Captain J. B. Coghlan praising Paymaster Galt in sailing through rough seas to deliver a pump to the \"Raleigh\" just before the Manila Bay attack. Handwritten on cover page, \"For A.G. Zimermann, Jr.\"","List of new members to the National Grigsby Family Society.","Typed poem written by William Wilson Galt entitled \"July the 9th, 1897\" with handwritten notes \"Birthday of his wife-Mary B. Galt\" and \"written by WW Galt \u0026 mailed from Algiers, Africa, 14 Augt 97-.\" Handwritten poem about death and living in the present, author unknown.","Report cards of Hugh Galt from Smithville High School, 1897 June 14 and 1899 February. 1899 invoices from the Episcopal Male Academy for Mrs. W. W. Galt for the expenditures of Willie Galt. Letter from Instructor Elizabeth A. Rowe, \"Miss Mary C. Galt has successfully completed an elementary course in Botany,\" dated 1915 February.","Artifacts have been removed from the collection and filed in the Mss. Artifact Collection."," The collection contains moldy material and is shelved separately.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Eastern Publishing Co","United States. Navy. Office of the Paymaster","Carrington family","Galt family","Garland family","Grigsby family","Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","English Spanish;Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2009.308","/repositories/2/resources/8766"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Grigsby-Galt Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Charlotte County (Va.)--History--19th century","Japan--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia--History--19th century","Virginia--Social life and customs--19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlotte County (Va.)--History--19th century","Japan--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia--History--19th century","Virginia--Social life and customs--19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"creator_ssim":["Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"creators_ssim":["Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"places_ssim":["Charlotte County (Va.)--History--19th century","Japan--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Virginia--History--19th century","Virginia--Social life and customs--19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Farms--Virginia--History--19th century","Genealogy","Indians of North America","Legal documents","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898--Pictorial works","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Report cards","Spanish-American War, 1898","Tobacco farmers--Virginia","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--History--19th century","United States. Navy--History--20th century","Cabinet photographs","Carte de visite photographs","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Correspondence","Financial records","Genealogical tables","Greeting cards","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts for publication","Marriage certificates","Photographs","Poems","Postcards","Receipts (financial records)","Speeches","Stock certificates","Visiting cards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Farms--Virginia--History--19th century","Genealogy","Indians of North America","Legal documents","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898","Manila Bay, Battle of, Philippines, 1898--Pictorial works","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Report cards","Spanish-American War, 1898","Tobacco farmers--Virginia","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--History--19th century","United States. Navy--History--20th century","Cabinet photographs","Carte de visite photographs","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Correspondence","Financial records","Genealogical tables","Greeting cards","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts for publication","Marriage certificates","Photographs","Poems","Postcards","Receipts (financial records)","Speeches","Stock certificates","Visiting cards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Cabinet photographs","Carte de visite photographs","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Correspondence","Financial records","Genealogical tables","Greeting cards","Letters (correspondence)","Manuscripts for publication","Marriage certificates","Photographs","Poems","Postcards","Receipts (financial records)","Speeches","Stock certificates","Visiting cards"],"date_range_isim":[1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2011.269 addition given as a gift by William R. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2011.269 addition given as a gift by William R. Galt."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into Series 1, Galt Family; Series 2,  Grigsby Family; Series 3 for material from both families; and Series 4 for photographs from both families. Series 1, Galt Family, includes most of the correspondence from the Galt Family and is filed in chronological order, regardless of recipient.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been divided into Series 1, Galt Family; Series 2,  Grigsby Family; Series 3 for material from both families; and Series 4 for photographs from both families. Series 1, Galt Family, includes most of the correspondence from the Galt Family and is filed in chronological order, regardless of recipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain William W. Galt (1852-1934) was a direct descendent of John Minson Galt, the senior surgeon at the Battle of Yorktown and founder of the insane asylum in Williamsburg. Captain Galt's application for the position of Assistant Paymaster with the US Navy was dated March 20, 1876. He reached the ranks of Paymaster by 1893 when he was dispatched for duty to Norfolk. He served in the Navy for 50 years and won a promotion from Congress to Captain. He married Mary Blair Grigsby and they had six children. Mrs. Galt was the daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Chancellor of The College of William and Mary from 1871 to 1881. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/William_W._Galt\" title=\"William W. Galt\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain William W. Galt (1852-1934) was a direct descendent of John Minson Galt, the senior surgeon at the Battle of Yorktown and founder of the insane asylum in Williamsburg. Captain Galt's application for the position of Assistant Paymaster with the US Navy was dated March 20, 1876. He reached the ranks of Paymaster by 1893 when he was dispatched for duty to Norfolk. He served in the Navy for 50 years and won a promotion from Congress to Captain. He married Mary Blair Grigsby and they had six children. Mrs. Galt was the daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Chancellor of The College of William and Mary from 1871 to 1881. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged and described by Jeffrey Flanagan, SCRC staff in September 2009-February 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Processing completed in late 2010 and early 2011 by Anne Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Arranged and described by Jeffrey Flanagan, SCRC staff in September 2009-February 2010."," Processing completed in late 2010 and early 2011 by Anne Johnson."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss. 95 G87).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany collections concerning various branches of the Galt Family are part of the Special Collections Research Center. Hugh Blair Grigsby documents also appear in William \u0026amp; Mary College collections.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Historical Society has a large Grigsby Family collection: Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss 1 G8782 b).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss. 95 G87).","Many collections concerning various branches of the Galt Family are part of the Special Collections Research Center. Hugh Blair Grigsby documents also appear in William \u0026 Mary College collections.","The Virginia Historical Society has a large Grigsby Family collection: Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers (Mss 1 G8782 b)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the family papers of members of the Grigsby and Galt Families. Mary Blair Grigsby married William W. Galt in 1881. The collection contains papers of various members of the Grigsby family, particulary Hugh Blair Grigsby who was a historian and Chancellor of The College of William and Mary and his son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby who lived his entire life at the family farm, Edgehill, in Charlotte County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains the personal papers and some navy material of William W. Galt, U. S. Navy Paymaster and author of a book on the Battle of Manila Bay. Extensive correspondence to and from all the members of his family is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoth these groups contain correspondence, genealogy, financial papers and personal papers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Galt Family resided in Norfolk, Virginia and the Grigsby Family at Edgehill, Drakes Branch, Charlotte County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGift of the Zimermann family of Susan Galt, daughter of William W. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Galt Family was from Norfolk, Virginia. William Wilson Galt, a Naval officer, lived at various addresses in Norfolk and overseas. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Venable Carrington, also of Norfolk, Virginia, then later of Charlotte County, Virginia. Hugh Blair Grigsby was a historian, president of the Virginia Historical Society and chancellor of William \u0026amp; Mary. Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt had 6 children: Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert W. Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susan D. Galt and Carrington G. Galt. These Galt Papers are the family papers of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, William Wilson Galt and their children. Includes letters written to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt before her marriage to William Wilson Galt. Includes some Naval correspondence of William Wilson Galt, but also check subseries 4 , the personal papers of William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is primarily comprised of letters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues from 1863-1927. Correspondents and recipients include William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and others. Considerable number of letters are between other Galt family members and their friends, family, and colleagues. William Wilson Galt was a Navy Paymaster and wrote letters to his family from all over the world. Topics of this correspondence include the courtship of his wife, family news such as births, deaths, and job changes, the financial and parental administration of his home, his naval career, his publishing career, and Masonic Lodge business. See also the sub-series for each family member for more correspondence and papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues; Handwritten copy of Galt's application for Assistant Paymaster with the Navy, dated 1876 March 20, and resignation as Junior Deacon at Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia, dated 1878 April 9; Reference letters written on behalf of Galt by T. M. Barner of Norfolk, Virginia, 1871, and Banking House of Burruss, Son, \u0026amp; Co. of Norfolk, Virginia, 1873. 1878 January 25, confidential letter from C.P. Thompson noting that Galt's application was possibly complicated by the fact that Galt's two brothers were also in the Navy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLove letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby, to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Carrington Grigsby and from S. C. Daniel at Hampden-Sydney College to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 February 21 Hampton Sidney anniversary invitation. 1879 February 5 fun letter from William Wilson Galt, approved by Mary B. Grigsby, future mate, to Hugh Blair Grigsby saying in part, \"I have the honor respectfully to transmit herewith a requisition for a mate for this vessel...\" with an attached \"Jewel\" requisition, and1879 April 22 and 26 letters from William Wilson Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby asking to court and marry his daughter, Mary Blair Grigsby. Correspondence about his position as an assistant Navy Paymaster. 1879 May 27 letter to James S. Galt from assistant Paymaster William Wilson Galt appointing him clerk to the Pay Office at the Naval Station in Key West, Florida, plus related correspondence about the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from J. H. Dillard (Mary Blair Grigsby's cousin), father William Richard Galt, friend and naval colleague C. P. Thompson; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 October 30 letter from R.W. Thompson thanks Galt for rescuing the officers and crew of the disabled schooner, Empress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from parents, sister Molly, C. P. Thompson; letter from L. R. Hamersly, publisher of \"United Service\" publication, regarding article William Wilson Galt wrote on Key West Naval Station.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Barton Myers, father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and brother Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, brother Rogers, J. H. Dillard, C. P. Thompson, A. K. Micheler, C. Hubbell; letter from Livingston W. Bethel, mayor of Key West, regarding James S. Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby. Invitation to wedding of Elizabeth Easley and William Carrington Lancaster on 1880 September 25.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby's mother Mary V. Grigsby; clipping of advertisement for William Richard Galt's school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from C. P. Thompson; Copies of general orders 255 and 256 from Navy Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristmas cards sent to William Wilson Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie; letter, written in Spanish, to William Wilson Galt from Mrs. M. A. Thornbury of Albany, GA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Annie Galt (William's sister); letter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; William Wilson Galt's ticket to the Leap Year Ball at the Odd Fellows Hall on 1881 January 13.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Dinner party invitation to William Wilson Galt from Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Photograph negatives of unidentified subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Postcards to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Grigsby. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Corinne and Frank (no last names given) from Key West, E. O. Locke; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin P. E. Pearl. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin Samuel W. Morton. Most letters refer to failing health and eventual death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from Walker M. Hill, Freddie Venable, Robert Winthrop, C. Carrington, \"Sue\" from Stockdale, Nannie Hannah, and Mary F. Vaughn. Most letters express condolences for death of Hugh Blair Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother James Galt and Angela Baldwin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Bob, brother Jim, E. O. Locke, Virginia Ritchie, J. H. Dillard, and anonymous writer who signed only \"A Friend\" to his or her note; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Cynthia B. T. Lohman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim, sister Susan W. W. Galt, and E. O. Locke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie, sister Susan W. W. Galt, cousin Jane, and T. L. Skinner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt, sister Annie, brother Jim, and brother Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from brother Hugh Carrington Grigsby concerning the exchange of Mary's share in Edgehill farm in Charlotte County, Virginia for property in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Aunt J. W. R. Galt, T. W. Clark, and E. O. Locke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and E. O. Locke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; Program for Yorktowne Centennial Commission's Promenade Concert and Hop on October 18, 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brothers Bob and Jim; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William's father William Richard Galt and sister Annie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from S. G. Baylor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from A. K. Micheler, S. Hubbell, cousin Kate, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother Rogers, and mother Mary W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from cousin Lance Watkins and William's sister Annie; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt's mother Mary V. Grigsby from Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt. Most correspondence relates to the wedding of William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. Drawings of various persons, animals, weapons, and musical instruments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William's sister Molly, William's brother Bob, and Mary's cousin J. W. Morton; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and sister Annie; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; drawing of William Wilson Galt's martins while deployed in Santo Domingo, drawn by William.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from uncle George, father William Richard Galt, brother Jim, Thomas C. Walton, and S. F. Earle; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, cousin Leila, Mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, Emma Bates, Lizzie Boykin, William's sister Susan W. W. Galt, and \"M. F. V.\" of Franklin County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from uncle George; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, and William's sister Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and Mary V. Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Nannie Hannah, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Molly; letter to cousin Lizzie from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from N. G. Wilson, Charlie Anisdue, C. W. Littlefield, R. W. Ball, N. P. Markham, and brother Bob; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Susan W. W. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, T. W. Lester, and A. E. L. Lester; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Clara Morris; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby; letter to \"Alice\" from Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Robert Wilson, and Mary V. Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Robert Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from J. W. Stewart; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susan W. W. Galt and Clara Morris; letter to Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter written by G. R. Pavis certifying that he \"exhonerates Dr. John M. Galt from all charges that have been or may be brought against him,\" dated 1882 October 23.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and E. B. Baylor; letter to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from Lyon G. Tyler; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Fannie Barringer, Sallie Jones, \"Evaline\", and \"Langhorne\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Nannie Hannah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Mary A. Galt (William's grandmother).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother John Galt, brother Jim Galt, uncle George, Thom Donough, Thom Caswell, Robert Winthrop, S. D. Greeve, Charlie Anisdue, J. D. Doyle, and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt; primary focus of all August correspondence congratulates Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt on the birth of their son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt on 1883 August 3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Sallie Jones; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Emma Bates and Sterling E. Edmunds on 1883 September 12.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from grandmother S. M. Christian; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Susan W. W. Galt; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle George, brother Rogers, brother Bob, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, E. O. Locke, T. W. Lester, Edward D. Washburn, and J. M. West; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, \"MLC\" from Mulberry Hill, Virginia, and Nannie Hannah; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Jim Galt from brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Alex, \"Neal\", and \"Angel\"; letters to Jim were generally concerned with his failing health; letters dated late June through early July express condolences to Galts regarding Jim's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Bob, sister Annie, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Charlie Anisdue; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Mary W. Galt; receipt from George P. Zurhorst for (William's brother) John Galt's funeral expenses, dated 1885 January 16.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, mother Mary W. Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Zander, brother Rogers, brother Bob, grandmother S. M. Christian, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Charlie Anisdue, G. L. Dyer, C. A. Stanly, William T. Saunders, and Dr. Donald Phais; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Bancroft Gherardi; telegram to William Richard Galt from Mary Blair Galt. Much of the correspondence in June is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's second son, William Richard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby, William Wilson Galt, Robert Winthrop, Hallie R. Grier; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; postcard to Mary Blair Galt from Mary V. Grigsby. Prescription for quinine treatment for William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from uncle James D. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin Emily, Nannie Bobbing, Annie Galt, Mary W. Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin P. E. Pearl, L. B. Cary, and John B. Phase.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and mother Mary V. Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Harriet Gridley and Eluior Allen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from cousin Emily; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Davidson, and George K. Mullin, proprietor of Luray Inn in the Shenandoah Valley. Advertisements for Luray Inn attached to Mullin's letter to Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Xander and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William Richard Galt; letter to father William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt and Louisa Baxter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, W. T. Churtain, and Barton Myers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; Easter card to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Winthrop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and W. Farvot Walk; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and aunt Molly; William Wilson Galt's invitation to join Cosmos Club in San Francisco as extended by W. R. Wheeler and S. E. Tucker, dated 1891 November 10.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; two photographs, one is too damaged to distinguish the subject, the second is seemingly a photo of William Wilson Galt with four of his children, presumably Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, and Robert Ware Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, uncle John Whitehead, Kate Venable, Olga Dour, and M. H. Macrae; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to grandfather William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, father-in-law William Richard Galt, sister-in-law Annie Galt, and Emma Prud.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Annie Galt, and M. R. Catlin; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, sister-in-law Molly, sister-in-law Annie, brother-in-law Bob, and father-in-law William Richard Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Emily Galt, Annie Galt, Sallie Aibinson, M. H. Macrae, Eustace B. Rogers, and Lucie Watkins; letter from \"Howard\" to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Zena Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to Mary Blair Galt from Eustace B. Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from C. A. Stanly, G. W. Crusselle, E. A. Morecock, and F. M. Bostwick; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susie Galt, Mary M. Galt, Sue B. Glennon, M. H. Macrae, and W. L. Cosby. Much of the correspondence in this period is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's daughter Susie Alexina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Molly Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from cousin Lucy and Charles Swift; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers, son William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, John S. Williams, and Acting Secretary of the Navy William McAdoo; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, C. L. Loyale, and Emily V. Galt; telegrams to William Wilson Galt from George Brown and Shields; invitation to wedding of Guilielma Lawton and Abram Carrington Read on 1894 October 10.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Secretary of the Navy Hilary Abner Herbert, and Dr. John Wyeth; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. P. Lawrence, and W. A. Boykin; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from \"Charles\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from J. Saunders Taylor and T. F. Rogers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letter to daughter Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to son Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to T. F. Rogers from Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from R. M. Wells and William A. Varty, Jr.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Catharine Sampson and Richard Harrison Jackson on 1897 January 6.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Edmund S. Ruffin and Rupert W. Tomlin, R. M. Wells, F. A. Salomonson, Hammond B. Gayfer, A. K. Micheler, M. B. Crowell, and S. Cleburne Browne; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Marie B. Sheppard; invitation to wedding of Katharyn Salome and John B. Maher on 1897 May 26.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from George Dragoman, George Casanova, Joseph Starkey, and L. Haller Mingarda; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Barton Meyers. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were sent from a variety of locations: Gibraltar, Algiers, Smyrna, Piraeus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from W. R. Drida; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Dr. Southgate Leigh. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were written from a variety of locations: Smyrna, Gibraltar, Algiers, Tangier.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, F. Scinicariello, Horatio Sprague, and H. L. Gregg; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; postcards to wife Mary Blair Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, and sister Mollie Galt from William Wilson Galt; menus from Hotel-Restaurant de la Paix and Grand Hotel Brunate; bill for plumbing services from E. E. Guy \u0026amp; Sons in Norfolk, Virginia; William Wilson Galt's letters and postcards were written from Genoa, Rome, and Mersina, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, nephew Rogers Harrison Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary H. Boyd, Dr. Alexander Duane, Dr. Southgate Leigh, Ada Harvey, J. T. Van Patten, and the Army-Navy Journal; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, including photographs of a torpedo gust leaving the tube when fired from the Raleigh at Mersina, after it left the tube, entering the water after it was fired, about 10 feet from the ship as the torpedo entered in for its course towards the target. Letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt, including one photograph of Dr. Marsteller and WWG, Mersina, 1897 November 25, USS Raleigh; letter to children Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt , and Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt, including a chart detailing the cities and ports visited by the USS Raleigh over nearly a one year period; letter to aunt Molly Galt from William Richard Galt; Reference letter written by William Wilson Galt on behalf of J. T. Van Patten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Charles H. Eldridge, Max Rosenberg, Demege, Reid, \u0026amp; Co., and Delmege, Forsythe, \u0026amp; Co.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lara, Dr. Alexander Duane, Virginia Mason, Emma Prud, Lizzie Boykin, Mary E. Carrington, Annie Watkins, Susan Morton, and Alice Green; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to J. B. Coghlan from William Wilson Galt; invitation to celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Military Service Institution of the United States on February 10.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, and J. T. Van Patten; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Saunders, \"Belle\", E. H. Marsteller, and T. W. Wood \u0026amp; Sons; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to all children from William Wilson Galt. Topics include William Wilson Galt's observations of the people and lifestyle of Hong Kong and the oncoming Spanish-American War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and Henry Romeike; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, Alexander Galt, I. B. McPhail, Emma Prud, T. Hall \u0026amp; Mingardo, Anne Letham, A. S. Kenny, and \"Belle\"; letter to children from William Wilson Galt; translation of a proclamation by the Governor-General of the Philippines; clipping from Army and Navy Journal relating William Wilson Galt's good health after Battle of Manila Bay; printed picture of USS Raleigh; newspaper clipping relating death of Captain Charles Vernon Gridley (William Wilson Galt is mentioned in the article as having reported the death to the Navy Department). Most of William Wilson Galt's letters deal with the Battle of Manila Bay (1898 May 1). Included in his letter to Mary Blair Galt on May 1 is a hand-drawn map of the American battle plan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and Katherine Gridley; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, L. B. Cary, W. L. Cosby, \"Lillie\", \"Sue\", and J. G. Shackelford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, Emily Galt, J. G. Shackelford, L. B. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Lyon G. Tyler; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to \"Miss Nannie\" from William Richard Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, W. J. Upshur, and W. L. Cosby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Annie Galt, J. G. Shackelford, P. B. Eggleston, Stern Brothers, Larkin Soap Company, Emily Watkins, W. L. Cosby, and Alice B. Greer; invitation to wedding of Cecile Amelie and Cornelius de Witt on 1898 November 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son Robert Ware Galt, son William Richard Galt, and son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Mary Carrington Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, son William Richard Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, W. A. Boykin, J. P. Lawrence, J. C. Byenes, and N. Sherwell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and C. L. Chamberlaine; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lottie Carrington, Marie Marsteller, W. A. Boykin, B. Boykin, L. B. Cary, C. M. Meginley, and J. G. Shackelford; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Bessie Daniel. Invitations to wedding of Rosalie Smith and Dr. Isaac Carrington Harrison on January 24, Katharine Storrow and William C. Scott on February 21. Program for 10th Anniversary Service at St. John's Church in Portsmouth, Virginia. Lakewood, New Jersey Railroad timetable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Mann L. Quarles and Dr. William T. Bull; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, cousin Margaretta Clingh, Annie Galt, Dr. Alexander Duane, N. C. Lalcolt, C. M. Meginley, J. G. Shackelford, and W. L. Cosby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from E. J. Bogart and L. B. McPhail; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rogers Galt, W. L. Cosby, and Inez Wichus Montague; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. with a collection of stamps included. Invitation to wedding of Susan Hedge Amsden and Carl Sutherland Parker on 1899 June 7, Emily Louisa Sawyer and John Nichols Moore on 1899 June 28.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and \"Lillie\"; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; freight bill from Southern Railway Co. for William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, Charles H. Consolvo and Edward C. Cheshire, and Mann L. Quarles; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, N. Sherwell, J. B. Lovett, W. S. Friend, Leopold Levy, and Jackson \u0026amp; Co.; letter to W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; invitation to wedding of Clara Fuller and Philip Andrews on 1899 August 16; advertisement for Hoge Memorial Military Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Gerry W. Simpson and the New York Yacht Club; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. B. Lovett, W. L. Cosby, Marjorie March, and J. G. Shackelford; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Lucy Watkins, and Alexander Martin. Much of the correspondence relates to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt starting college at William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy Watkins, Sue Watkins, George H. Watkins, and Hugh Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from brother William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, John Lloyd Newcomb, William Read Martin, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, N. Sherwell, \"Lloyd\", and \"Joe\"; invitation to Twentieth Annual Celebration of the Sigma Rho Delta Literary Society of the Shenandoah Valley Academy on May 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Dr. Southgate Leigh, George H. Watkins, George L. R. Stevens, Wright, Kay, \u0026amp; Co., and Lyon G. Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, and J. F. Carr; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Eva C. Lalcolt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Bob Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, Dr. Southgate Leigh, William Read Martin, and C. Vernon Spratley; Prescription written by Dr. Alexander Duane for Mary Carrington Galt; Wright, Kay, \u0026amp; Co. catalog for Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. Includes a 1900 August 16 letter from L.D. Starke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, R. H. Townley, and Arent Schuyler Crowninshield; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, Molly Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Lucius F. Cary, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, Elsie S. Hannah, George H. Watkins, Lucy Watkins, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, and Wright, Kay, \u0026amp; Co.; bill from Hospital St. Vincent de Paul for services rendered to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, C. Vernon Spratley, George H. Watkins, George Pugh, J. E. Williams, Lucius F. Cary, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and Dr. Southgate Leigh; letter to Annie Galt from William Richard Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, cousin \"Bob\" given), W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Lucius F. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Thomas H. Carter. Invitation to wedding of Martha Cabell Bouldin and Albert Humes Gentry on 1901 July 24.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Sue\"; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, John Lloyd Newcomb, D. C. Watkins, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; mathematics word problem.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis and Cornelia McBlair; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and William Read Martin; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, Mary Daniel, and Cornelia McBlair; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and Sam Daniel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Cornelia McBlair, William Read Martin, Mary B. Daniel, and Wright, Kay, \u0026amp; Co.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Annie Galt; invitation to wedding of Emily Cary and Thomas Marshall, Jr. on 1901 November 12; description of \"Paul Jones\" mixer dance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Laura Sherwood Picking; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Cornelia McBlair, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Mary B. Daniel, William Read Martin, and \"Joe\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Flea\"; Manila Day Reunion Poem by Commander Corwin P. Rees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Molly Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Jul H. Watkins, and \"Elsie\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from R. G. Skerrett and B. F. Coble; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Agnes Douglas West, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., M. J. Morton, and Lily B. Cary; receipt for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt's board at University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and R. G. Skerrett; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; a poem entitled \"At Sea\" written by William Wilson Galt; William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Hong Kong and Singapore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from W. D. Southhall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Carroll R. Wright, Jr.; letter to J. W. Patterson from Mary Blair Galt; invitation to wedding of Mattie Lacey and Thomas J Pennybacker on1903 September 9. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Yokohama, Nagasaki and Kobe, Japan, Chefoo [Yantai] and Tsingtau [Qingdao], China, and Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Daniel Barnes; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from A. H. Flint. Invitation to wedding of Ruth Waldron and Frank Peard Thomas on 1904 January 12, Minnie Bolling and James Duncan Puller on 1904 February 3, Lucy Daniel and Charles Kingston von Weise on 1904 June 29, Ethel Sharp and Ralph Mancill Griswold on 1904 July 28. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily from Manila Bay, Hong Kong, Naples, and Gibraltar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan, Thorvald Solberg, and the Virginia Club of Norfolk; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Lewis Crenshaw. Library of Congress document regarding William Wilson Galt's book \"The Battle of Manila Bay\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rhoderick H. Watkins, and Janice H. Read; Postcards to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from D. D. E. and anonymous; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Sniky Byers, Louise Bocereeau, \"Stuart\", \"Mac\" (female), and \"Dave\"; postcard to Mary Carrington Galt from anonymous; letter to Aaron Marx from Claude Swanson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from R. H. W.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, L. B. Cox, Sniky Byers, H. J. Putnam \u0026amp; Co., R. H. Payn, H. G. McCormick, and R. Stuart Royer; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; Postcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from \"E. W. C.\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Guy S. Lurty, and \"Stuart\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from J. J. Vogel and Dr. J. B. Murphy; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Bill Oglesby, E. W. Lawson, and Daisy Eggleston; letter to Mary Meares Galt from Rogers Galt; Robert Ware Galt's Navy enlistment papers, dated 1906 November 30, listing his examination date as 1907 April 16; invitation to wedding of Gertrude Abyvon Walke and Edward Dickinson Tayloe on October 25. Two letters written as poems to \"Uncle Bill\" from Rogers H. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Leonard Draper, J. E. Duke and G. A. D. Galt at the \"Soldiers Home\" in Richmond, Virginia; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Lily B. Cary, T. Catesby Jones, and cousin \"Bettie\"; Advertisements and reviews. Letter form E.B. Roy in response to Galt's concern that his Pay Director term is for three years instead of four years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt and H. H. Ewing; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt and William Richard Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, and Mary Carrington Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from George J. Durfey and telegram fro Hugh Blair G. Galt announcing \"Made the degree all right.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Bettie Marton. Invitations to weddings of Basil Gordon Montague and Lt. Col. George Barnett 1908 January 1, Elizabeth Welsh Galt and William Davidson 1908 January 16, Fanny Lewis Bouldin and Thomas Sprattley 1908 February 26, Elizabeth Virginia Jones and Joseph Hugh Neville 1908 April 16, Hilda Bateson and Laurance Jones 1908 June 18, Lily Brooke Booker and William Cutler Cole 1908 September 5, Evelyn Byrd Trigg and George Harris Sargeant, Jr. 1908 September 15, May Annette Luttmer and Rishworth Nicholson 1908 November 5, Anne McMaster and Davis Wills Jordan 1909 October 20, Margaret Nash Old and John Stone Stump, Jr. 1909 November 3, and Gladys Gertrude Hethorn and Wilford Grigsby Epes 1909 November 24. Note from Thomas E. Watkins 1909 March 25 saying that Carrington is very sick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt and Louise Lelden; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt. Invitation to wedding of Delle Fay Norris and Henry Allen Pearson on February 2. Letter of condolence about the death of Roger Galt from James Riddle 1910 August 27 .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Susie Alexina Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Mary C. Carrington, and W. L. Cosby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, William Richard Galt, Alexander Galt, Annie Read, J. Watkins Lacy, Sara R. Martin, and Agnes E. Lancaster; invitation to wedding of Helen Howard and Charles Clifford Gill on April 25.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Robert Ware Galt, and \"Betty\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Edwin Brockenbrough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Nannie C. Bolling, and W. L. Cosby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to Mary Blair Galt from W. L. Cosby; invitation and program for Susie Alexina Galt's graduation ceremony at the College for Women in Columbia, South Carolina on June 6. Invitations to weddings of Louise Keeling Taylor and John Wright Stribling June 12, Lois Drake Millard and Frank Edwin Preston Uberroth June 22, Nancy Collins Nash and Logan Cresap June 29, Lela Coles Bouldin and Oscar Lane Shewmake June 26, Katharine Jones and Reginald Page June 27, Mary Ambler Willcox and Worrall Reed Carter July 2, Lilly Johnson Poor and Henry Morris Johnston July 9.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from R. C. Marshall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Lucy Gray Harrison and H. A. Hunter; letter to Williamsburg, Virginia Postmaster from Lucy Pemberton, seeking addresses of relatives of late Hugh Blair Grigsby. Invitations to weddings of Cora Isabel Westcott and Laurence Stowell Adams August 1, Maude Walker and Charles Semmes Stanworth September 18, Lottie Washington Lambert and John Walton Grandy, Jr. September 19, and Dorothy Evleth Brown and Stewart Varona Hellings September 30.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt and Philip Andrews informing Galt that he has been awarded a \"Special Meritorious Medal\" for his actions in the Battle of Manila Bay. Invitations to weddings of Marie Louise Ryan and George Wirt Simpson on October 2, 1912, Susan Barnett Persons and Lewis Bowen McBride on October 9, Eloise Hirst and William Couper, on October 9, Virginia Klein Cooke and Edward Keville Glennan on October 9, Flournoy Adams Hopkins and Gilbert Alexander Boswell Eliott on October 10, Emily Ward and Otto Barten McLean on, October 17, and Clare Beatrice Rudgard Wigg and Newton Armistead Coggsdale on October 19.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and nephew Rogers H. Galt; Christmas card from W. L. Cosby. Invitations to weddings of Susan Pendleton Howard and Hartwell Heathe Hume on November 6, Josephine Engelhard Boylan and Ellsworth Harper Van Patten on November 23, Mary Lewis Sharp and Irving Brinton Holley on November 27, and Emily Fuller Johnston and Joshua Warren White on December 14.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, and Lucy Pemberton; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from Mary Meares Galt; invitation to wedding of Harriotte Jones Winchester and Edward Griffith Dodson on January 29. List of members of the Puff Club (a business men's club in Norfolk, Virginia), with attached memos and poem entitled \"The Campaign of the Puffs against the Great Destroyer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and William Richard Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, and Robert Ware Galt; invitation to wedding of Bessie Armistead Doyle and Joseph Virginius Bidgood, Jr. on October 25.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William W. Galt from Florence J. Grant and Maria Ward Skelton; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Belle Boykin, and Maria Ward Skelton; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letter to Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels from William Wilson Galt; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from William Wilson Galt; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; Galt's letters to Daniels, Martin, and Thom are regarding his request for a promotion to Rear Admiral upon his retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from John R. Edwards; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carrington G. Galt, Annie Galt, and E. B. Martin; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert W. Shultice from S. B. Avis; letter to W. H. Venable from Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from W. H. Venable; invitation to wedding of Alice Louise Preston and Albert Weston Grant, Jr. on October 17.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Blair Jordan; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William W.  Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Ward Skelton Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and Susie Alexina Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Alfred George Zimmerman, Annie Galt, John M. Galt, Secretary of the Navy Edwin Wenby, T. S. Dunaway, George L. Hunt, Philip Andrews, John Teicher, Joseph W. Eggleston, A. Closdon, Frank Lester, John S. Bottimore, \"Alfred\", \"Aleck\", and \"Frank\"; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and William Richard Galt; letter to Annie Galt from C. G. Smith; letter to Dr. Pickrell from Annie Galt; letter to Hugh Blair from Aunt Molly and carbon copy of his answer.  Much of the correspondence in 1922 is regarding William Wilson Galt's health as in that year he had his right foot amputated and suffered from pneumonia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Ward Skelton Galt, Annie Galt, Zander Galt, \"Alfred\" (husband of daughter Susie), Hugh Blair Galt, Mrs. A. G. Zimermann and James B. Denny; letter to sister Susie from William Wilson Galt; letter to brother Zander from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt, William R. Galt and Hugh Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, letter to Bill from Zander; letter from Billy Galt to Grandfather; list of stockholders of Lynnhaven Beach and Park Co.; 1923 December 23 letter from J. H. D. to \"Dill\" with an attached news clipping \"Dr. J.H. Dillard to visit Africa\". 1924 March 3 letter from William Wilson Galt to his son includes a poem; 1923 July 13 letter from Hugh Blair Galt to William Wilson Galt also includes a poem. Most of the correspondence during these years are typed or carbons of typed letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations to marriages and other events, plus a few calling cards. A dried plant was transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection Mss. 1.03.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Mary Galt from Hugh G. Grigsby, William Galt, Annie Galt, Mrs. Conway Robinson, M. L. Nowlin, Laure E. Read, Carrington Galt and Roger Galt.  Letters to William Galt from Roger Galt, P. A. Williams, Louise H. Carter, Mary B. Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Meares Galt.  Includes a note from W. R. Galt and a letter from William Galt Hubbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Galt, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, A. K. Micheler, and Virginia (illegible last name); letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carmela Loyale, George Chappell, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, Louisa L. Read, Nannie Winston, Bradford (illegible first name), Lizzie Boykin, and Kate Gaulding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Hugh Blair Galt from \"Aunt Molly\",\" Elsie\", Emily M. Watkins, J. Morton, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy D. Thornton and Cordelia McBlair. Letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt while on the USS Kentucky. Letter to William Wilson Galt from Mary. Letter to Granddaddy or Grandpa from William R. Galt, Jr., and unknown. Letter to Granddaddy and Mamie from William R. Galt, Jr. Letter to Grandma from Grandson who was in Vallejo, California. Letters to Mother from Mary B. G. Galt and Robert. Letters to \"Father\" from \"Alfred\", \"Susie\", Robert W. Galt, and \"Will\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to William Wilson Galt from nephew John M. Galt, Maria, Mary B. Grigsby and Louise H. Carter. Letters to Mary B. G. Galt from cousin Cantey E. Reed, \"Annie\", \"M. L. Y.\", C.A . Stanely, Margaret B. Roper, \"Susan\", \"Dorothy\", Susie Crane, Sarah S. Read and others. Letters to family from Robert W. Galt, Susie D. Galt, Mary Galt and Carrington Galt. Includes a letter to William Wilson Galt from S. T. Early in which Early sends him a branch of the original Poets Laurel, and a letter from William Lamb, T. M. Whitehurst and John B. Jenkins asking William Galt to donate some land to the City of Norfolk. A legal document from Allegheny County about an 1837 debt of Andrew Fudge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo carbon typescripts of a short biography of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation, newspaper articles and rough drafts with a typescript of Hugh B. G. Galt's speech on the Cape Henry Lighthouse Celebration at Cape Henry, Virginia in 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Estelle Haskins, daughter of Bettie Morton. Bettie Morton was a servant in the Galt household at \"Oak Grove\" in Charlotte County. Estelle and her mother live in a house on the former \"Oak Grove\" property. Estelle often writes for help with legal problems and financial problems. Hugh Blair G. Galt responds with advice, gifts of money and hand-me-down clothes, and often intercedes to help with legal problems. Estelle helps him pack up old books and papers that belonged to the Grigsby family after some property was sold. Some correspondence deals with the land that Bettie Morton receives as the dower of 1/3 of the property of Albert Morton. Hugh Blair G Galt sends Betty Morton a deed to the house, which is given for life on 1925 January 10. Eventually, the entire parcel was sold to the Charlotte County School Board by Homer A. Lester and wife. The land had been conveyed to Mrs. Lester by the Galt family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 letter from Galt's nephew \"Bill\"; 1939 article about First National Seashore Park in North Carolina; 1941 letter from Office of the Marshal of the Supreme Court saying seats will be saved for him and Mrs. Galt; 1943 letter from nephew \"Richard\" while in the Army Air Forces Bombardier School in Texas; business card of Henry G. Barbee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotepad from \"The Pocomoke...Guano Company\" with notes on farm products, household products, Morse code, and prices of goods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport by Miss Elizabeth V. Gaines of Saxe, Virginia on the libraries of Charlotte County, particularly the Edgehill Library of Hugh Blair Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClass schedules, grades, certificates, notes, invoices, assignments and reports of Hugh B.G. Galt. Includes 1899 paper \"The Romantic School in English Poetry\". 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia grades; 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia pass certificates; 1906 document stating \"Degree of Bachelor of Arts conferred, June 12, 1906\"; 1938 bill for the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association; 1939 \"University of Virginia Newsletter\" with article on Virginia's Forest Resources by F.C. Pederson. Undated lecture schedule and notes. University of Virginia report card for November 1901.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudits of the estate of Mary B. G. Galt by Hugh B. G. Galt, her son and William Wilson Galt, her husband. Includes three copies of 1935 February report \"Second Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary G. Galt, Deceased\"; one copy of 1935 April 9 report \"A Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary B. Galt, Deceased to the present Beneficiaries of the Same.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Grigsby Family property \"Edgehill\", located in Charlotte County, Virginia which Mary B. G. Galt inherited from her brother, Carrington Grigsby. Includes 1914 plat of the Charlotte County property, 1914 Deed of Trust note on the property, correspondence with potential purchasers of the property, and correspondence and legal documents on the sale of the property to L. E. Rogers, John O. Walker, and C.E. Hunter in 1916.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916-1928 correspondence between Otis M. Locke and William Wilson Galt about rental of property in Charlotte County. Mr. Locke rented a piece of property, possibly since 1907, and tried to purchase it a number of times. The property was originally part of the Grigsby estate. 1919-1925 correspondence about selling other parcels of land that were part of the Grigsby estate, including part of the Cardwell Tract. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1936 sale of one part of the Charlotte County, Virginia property to F. Watts Burgess and L. P. White. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1952 sale of the final piece of property to Boyd Hensley. Includes tax statements, county and property maps, and legal documents given to Hugh B. G. Galt by the remaining descendants of Mary B.G. Galt the right to sell the property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten list of some of the furnishings of Mary B. G. Galt with a history of the item.  Includes photographs of some of the paintings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTax documents and correspondence regarding inheritance tax after the death of William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInventory and appraisement of the estate of William Wilson Galt and Mary B. Galt.  Agreement between Carrington G. Galt and his siblings where he releases all his rights to the tangible personal property as a legatee of Mary B. and William Wilson Galt, 1934 July 14.  A ledger with lists and appraisals of estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934 death certificate of William Wilson Galt; 1934 certification of H. G. G. Galt as executor to William Wilson Galt's estate; 1934 document giving Hugh Blair G. Galt permission to make repairs to 1104 Westover Avenue in Norfolk, Virginia (home of William Wilson Galt); 1934 inventory of 1104 Westover Avenue. Other legal documents between the beneficiaries of William W. and Mary B. G. Galt, 1916 will of William Wilson Galt, financial notes and ledgers and tax documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplication of relief from taxes on property in Charlotte County, Virginia.  Cancelled checks and bank statements.  Correspondence related to tax and banking issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and documents of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt as the executor of the estates of both William Wilson Galt and Mary B.G. Galt, his parents. He dealt with all the aspects of the estate: making an inventory of the contents of the house, selling items not wanted by his siblings, organizing papers, fixing up and selling the house, and maintaining accounts and legal forms to document his work. The correspondence with his siblings is often in triplicate. The names of his siblings are William R. Galt, Susan D. Zimermann, and Carrington G. Galt. Items from the home are mentioned, plus items given or on loan to institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger kept by Hugh B. G. Galt as administrator of the personal estate of Hugh Carrington Grigsby. Pages 6-22 include the inventory of personal estate and page 196 includes an account of finances. Between pages 22 and 23 are three loose items: two pages with pencil drawn scenes set in Colorado and probably drawn by Hugh B. G. Galt, and one letter dated 1892 December 27 addressed to \"My precious Mother\" (her mother-in-law) from Mary B. G. Galt about the sadness she feels with the death of her father-in-law. Loose memo book in back of ledger includes a few accounts and notes from 1889. All pages in between are blank.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Fitzgerald Flournoy, Henry Riely, other genealogists, family members and organizations about the Grigsby and Galt families. Of particular note is Fitzgerald Flournoy who organized the Grigsby Papers for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and his writings about different family members. One unpublished report, \"The Lot of the Defeated\" is included. Correspondence with Henry Riely, a lawyer with the firm McGuire, Riely and Eggleston in Richmond, Virginia centers on the Carrington Family. Includes notes on the families and Norfolk Historical Society inquiries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes on Dr. Alexander Dickie Galt by William R. Galt and a handwritten paper on Alexander Galt, the sculptor, by Hugh B. Grigsby with a carbon typescript, published 1863 February 3 in the Richmond Inquirer. A \"Memoria Sacrum\" poem by James Barron Hope in memory of \"Alexander Galt, The Sculptor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUndated handwritten and typescript of  \"Memoir of John Minson Galt, Jr.\" by W. R. Grigsby. 1941 September issue of \"Virginia Medical Monthly\" with an article on \"Dr. John Minson Galt and the Williamsburg Asylum\" by P. G. Hamlin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarbon typescript of paper entitled \"Mr. Grigsby: Athlete, Orator, Author\", author and date unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes, correspondence and copies of documents relating to the Grigsby and Galt Families. Includes notes on the Whitehead Family. Other notes on collateral families of Scervant, Ware, Marston, Finch, McPherson, Silvester, and others. Includes a reprint of the 1863 obituary of Captain Reuben Grigsby from the Richmond Enquirer; 1896 article from the Central Presbyterian on the Old Stone Church in Lewistown, Virginia with a mention of Reverend Benjamin Grigsby, the father of Hugh Blair Grigsby and a handwritten copy of the James Galt family Bible. Some reports written by Mary Meares Galt. Includes a note written on a paper bag, \"Home - Woodside, Mrs. Dr. John M. Galt, Dr. John M. Galt, MD - C.S.A. Children, Eva Dulaney Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt\" and a 1870 November 14 invoice for tuition for the \"Misses C. \u0026amp; M. Skinner\" paid by Honorable J. B. Whitehead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1898 April 19 confirmation certification by the Bishop of Southern Virginia in the Ascension Church in Keysville, Virginia. 1938 January 25 letter from the  Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution invitation to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt for membership via John Grigsby or Benjamin Porter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a 1871 obituary of Judge William Leigh of Halifax County, Virginia.  Most clippings deal with events in the Norfolk, Virginia area, either articles or editorials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters, brochures and programs from various groups and events. Undated material includes \"General Regulations\" from William \u0026amp; Mary; map of New York City; reproduction map of \"Champlain's Map of New France 1632\"; order from for The George Jaberg Music Company of Cincinnati, Ohio; empty notepad from \"R.J. Edwards, Smithfield, Virginia\"; three copies of \"America,\" one copy of \"Yankee Doodle\" (3\"x2\") as advertisements for W. G. Williams, Smithville, Virginia; advertising card for E. E. Guys of Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript draft of essay on \"The First President of William \u0026amp; Mary,\" also called \"Commissary James Blair,\" dated 1913, typescript of paper, \"Commodore John Paul Jones,\" undated and an 1899 poem written on the Norfolk Boat Club letterhead using both English and German.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooklet for The Galt Literary Society which was organized by \"the young men of William R. Galt's school.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped transcript of a letter written to W. R. Galt by Colonel John B. Cary of Richmond, Virginia about the Scervant Family, dated 1875 August 16.  Handwritten note on bottom of letter: original of this letter is in the possession of W.R. Galt's granddaughter, Mary M. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate to William R. Galt from The Imperial Council of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America saying that he is \"A Noble of the Mystic Shrine in Accas Temple in Richmond, Virginia.\" 1900 May 16.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1903 form letter announcing meeting of the Orient Mark Lodge of Japan; 1903 menu of the \"traditional banquet to the Members of Aloha Temple...in Honolulu; 1907 Funeral Service procedures \"as prescribed by The Grand Lodge of Virginia\"; 1911 bylaws of the Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia; \"Laying of the Cornerstone of St. Andrews Episcopal Church\" by Owen Lodge No. 164 in Norfolk, Virginia 1920 June 30; 1918 February 15 Virginia Masonic Journal Newsletter; February 1917 newsletter \"Atlantic Lodge News\" with an article on William Wilson Galt; The Temple News of Norfolk, Virginia dated 1920 September (Volume 3, Number 9). Includes newspaper clippings about the Masons, William Wilson Galt, and Hugh B. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches given at the 10th Annual Convention of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association (undated),  and a paper entitled \"Harmony.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript speech on the History of Masonry.  39 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript address explaining \"certain words and passages of our work that are not very clear in their meaning or application\".   26 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript speech on the \"source of the Sublime Degree, the foundation of Masonry\".  Gives sources at the end of the paper.  61 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a tribute to William Richard Galt written by James H. Dillard. Originally published in the Southern Churchman, dated 1922 September 25.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal papers of William Wilson Galt which include financial material, business correspondence, material as executor of family members' estates, real estate transactions, tax and insurance documents, news clippings, printed and published written material, papers from his time as Navy Paymaster, and his last will and testament. William Wilson Galt joined the Navy about 1877 and served in the Navy for 50 years. He was a Navy Paymaster for most of those years. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, the Chancellor of William \u0026amp; Mary from 1871 to 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCalling cards from Galt Family members and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrades for Robert W. Galt and Mary C. Galt during one school session. 1901 tuition invoice to Mrs. J. T. Carr for music lessons on guitar for Hugh Blair Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper and other clippings collected by William Wilson Galt. Some topics are Norfolk, Florida and the Navy. Some clippings are poems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper and other clippings about the Galt Family. Obituaries and articles about Roger H. Galt, William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from the U.S. Navy and related people to William Wilson Galt. Correspondence regarding H. R. Bills 18701 and 19313 about giving officers an option of voluntary retirement. Medical examination material for 1909 and 1910. 1911 October 6 letter transferring his position at the Navy Pay Office to Pay Inspector Harry E. Biscoe and October 18 and 21 letters commanding him for duty as Paymaster of Yard under the command of the Commandant, Navy Yard, Norfolk. 1912 correspondence about receipt of a medal, receipts for a meal, Naval Communication Service invoices and a carbon copy of a letter to Miss Serpell from Arthur P. Ware about a War Department plat. Some of William Wilson Galt's Naval correspondence is also filed in date order in Sub-series 1, Galt Family Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall leather covered daybook which includes daily notations, addresses, and account information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsurance invoices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes tombstone inscription and order for tombstone; \"list of books taken from library at Edgehill Oct. 9th, 1884 by Mrs. William Wilson Galt\"; receipts for payments from the estate; 1881 prenuptial contract between Mary Blair Grigsby and W. W. Galt stating that William Wilson Galt will not interfere with the rents and profits of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby; legal documents with Mary Blair Grigsby Galt as one of the executors of her father's estate; accounts of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeather account book from the Norfolk National Bank with approximately seven pages of accounts relating to the estate of Mary B. Grigsby, which include lists of items, possibly as inventories, under the headings: \"Mary Blair Carrington\", \"For Grove/For Edgehill\", and \"Farming Implements\". Also includes an account of the security stock of the Charlotte Banking and Insurance Company belonging to the estate of Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices of interest payment to Robert R. Prentis on note due Joseph B. Whitehead's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCanceled checks, bank statements, check stub books, deposit slips and bank notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo bank books for Mrs. Mary Blair Galt. Leather notepad wallet moved to Manuscripts Artifact Collection, Mss. 1.03.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped list of Galt's expenses when he was a candidate for the House of Delegates. List addressed to the Chairman City Democratic Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Receipts from businesses. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices and receipts for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes receipts for payments to the City Gas Company of Norfolk, and Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices and receipts for local and world-wide purchases. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes purchase of a guitar for $7.00 in 1900 and a General Catalogue No. 66 from Montgomery Ward \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, receipts and bonds for the Tidewater Mineral and Oil Corporation and Norfolk-Princess Anne Oil Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt elected an Honorary Member of St. Johns Masonic Lodge 1908. Carbon copy of a 1911 June 21 letter from William Wilson Galt, as Representative of the United Grand Lodge, to Sir Edward Letchworth, the Grand Secretary of the United Grand Lodge...Freemasons' Hall in England, about the honor conferred upon him. Related Mason material, some about William Wilson Galt, is filed in Sub-Series 3, William R. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908 contract for telephone service and a 1916 Virginia State Hunter's License. 1896-1899 insurance records which include a policy, payment receipts of premiums and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1881 December 1 Charlotte County, Virginia marriage license between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby with a Minister's Return of Marriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt wrote a poem entitled \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". The poem was printed in various publications and eventually incorporated into a book, also called \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Copies of the poem from various sources, newspaper articles about the poem, and order slips for purchasing the book. Research correspondence and requests for photographs from men who participated in the battle, copyright information and letters from appreciative readers. Some correspondence on the lectures Galt gave on the Battle of Manila Bay.   Note: accounting details from the sale of the book are located with various financial documents as noted on the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeather bound diary kept by William Wilson Galt while stationed at Punta de los Cerritos from 1882 April 19-31.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo certificates of membership for the Navy Relief Society; one for Paymaster W. W. Galt and one for Mrs. William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings about the Navy, Navy personnel, and William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembership material for the Navy Mutual Aid Association, Allotment Check transmissions and Statement of Account for his pay. Leave requests from 1903-1906. 1922 letter exchange with the Judge Advocate General about bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport \"574 C\" reconciling statement of William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy, Norfolk, Virginia. for 1st quarter of 1896, and Auditor memos from 1913 and 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClarence N. Howell is an Assistant Chief Clerk in the Paymaster's Office. In 1907, he accuses the Paymaster's Office of misconduct and mismanagement. William Wilson Galt is investigated and the newspapers carry articles about the situation (see news clipping files). Correspondence includes many letters written to William Wilson Galt from creditors of Clarence N. Howell from 1902 to 1907. Includes the official report written by William Wilson Galt where he answers each accusation. Correspondence to and from William Wilson Galt about the accusations. Folder title used by William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipt slips for navy personnel which include the names of the men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChart listing names of men, how many days worked, pay per day, and total pay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger which is a cash book for the USS. Kentucky (1903-unknown), but also records 1906-1907 sales of \"The Battle of Manila Bay\" on pages 54-63, 89-90. Near the end of the book are entries for the USS Vicksburg from 1902-1903. Loose papers include sheets listing men and their positions on the Boston, the Raleigh, the Baltimore, and other ships. Includes a few paymaster receipts. Printed list of arrival and departure dates and name of ports for the \"Cruise of USS Kentucky\" (1900-1904); 1903 issue of \"The Open Door: Thanksgiving Number\" which includes names of all crew members; 1904 February 20 issue of \"The Open Door\". Correspondence about physical exam before receiving a promotion and other material included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, supply orders, memos, and other supply related material while stationed in Gibraltar, Hong Kong, and Smyrna. Includes a barber bill for 1899 with names of the men, their pay number and rating; 1898 list from the Treasury Department of the \"Values of Foreign Coins\"; handmade card signed by members of the crew entitled \"You May Fire When You are Ready, Gridley, May 1, 1898 to May 1st, 1901\", and a 1898 March 26 letter relieving Galt of duty on the USS Raleigh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhoto print of \"Genl Dewey\". Receipts from the Grand Hotel in Guatemala, the Kilaneau Volcano House in Hawaii, the Grand Hotel in Yokohama, and the Fujiya Hotel in Miyanoshita. Pamphlet for the Panic Mail Steamship Company Peru with a list of passengers (1902), and receipt for clothing from \"Ah Sing and Co.\" in Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of the \"General Service Code\" with homographic signals, typed extract from 1898 May 27 China Daily Press; 1907 January 19 partial issue of Army and Navy Register; list of \"District Joint Communications Visited\"; 1890 pass for W. W. Galt for San Jose De Gu Temala, Central America; 1871 map of Santo Domingo; prospectus pamphlet for the Ostrander Repeating Gun Company, and a pamphlet for the Ostrander Gun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1898 July 9 order to report to the USS Delmonico; note giving the time of the \"Sword presentations \u0026amp; c to officers of the Navy\"; 1902 appointment and commission as Pay Inspector in the Navy, with the rank of Commander; 1903 appointment order to be on a \"Navy Examining Board\" and a Congressional Bill (S. 5693) from the 63rd Congress, 2nd Session \"To provide for the promotion of Pay Director William Wilson Galt...to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Pay Corps of the Navy upon his retirement from the service\" (1914). Correspondence in regard to promotions, including letters of recommendations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResolutions adopted at the last meeting on 1909 May 1. Two copies of the \"Constitution and List of Members of the Society of Manila Bay\" and a 1920 brochure for the Twenty-Second Annual Banquet at the Army and Navy Club in Washington, DC with signatures on the inside front cover. Tissue paper carbon of a 1926 letter addressed to Captain Dudley N. Carpenter about the May meeting of the Manila Bay Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProposed amendment to House Bill #6616, \"That after completing the prescribed course of four years' instruction at the Naval Academy ... there shall be retained each year for service in the Navy and Marine Corps...only so many as shall equal the number of vacancies...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes about spheres, torture, Spanish sentence structure and a medicinal formula. Shopping list, a mostly blank small notebook, list of automobile travel expenditures with names of Virginia towns and the vehicle odometer reading, code labeled \"Grimm's Law,\" drawing of a possible boat, drawing of the floor plan of a house and a doodle drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoems and prose with titles such as \"Our Idyll,\" \"A Prayer\" and \"To One Who Knows\" (1923). Most are handwritten. 1923 typed Christmas poem addressed to Mary Meares from \"Uncle Bill\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, pamphlets, sales advertising, \"how to play whist\" pamphlet, postcards, printed poems, recipes, programs, safe driver's manual, \"a Summary History of the Palazzo Dandolo now Royal Hotel Danieli in Venice\" (1896), postcards of Venice, tourist photographs of Venice, an 1894 Missionary Calendar of Prayer, and a 1904 pamphlet Concerning Old Norfolk about Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and other legal documents for property in Norfolk, Virginia, Colorado, and Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of newspaper clippings with notes and poems, some by William Wilson Galt, pasted into an account book. Beginning on page 100, accounts for the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby from 1885-1886. Includes loose papers of handwritten poetry, an 1887 map of Alaska, an 1890 broadside for San Salvador and Guatemala, a printed poem \"A Ballad of Manila Bay\" by Timothy Wilfred Oakley and other printed material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTax bills and receipts for personal and property taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped carbon copy of the Last Will and Testament of William Wilson Galt dated 1927 August 11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate dated 1878 January 25,  appointing William Wilson Galt as Assistant Paymaster of the Navy, signed by Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States, and R.W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1881 October 15, appointing William Wilson Galt as Passed Assistant Paymaster with the relative rank of Master, signed by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, and  William H. Hunt, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1893 September 26, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the relative rank of Lieutenant, signed by Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, and H. A. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1899 March 3, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy. Certificate dated 1901 February 19, assigning William Wilson Galt as number one in the Rank of List of Paymasters in the Navy for Extraordinary Heroism, signed by William McKinley, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1902 April 10, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Inspector of the Navy with the rank of Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Moody, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1903 December 2, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Director of the Navy, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Wood, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate of Membership in the Society of Manila Bay for William Wilson Galt, USS Raleigh, signed by George Dewey, Commodore US Navy, undated.    Picture and roster of the members of the Society of Manila Bay who attended the banquet at Admiral Dewey's resident in Washington, DC on 1914 May 1.  Photograph is very fragile and rolled.  All certificates are loosely rolled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes individual items for Susie Galt, Carrington G. Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt, Mary Carrington Galt and Robert W. Galt, plus newspaper clippings about various family members and homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, mostly regarding genealogy of the Galt Family, plus her files on the Galt Family genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Mamie Garland and her father Maurice Garland about the Galt Family with some general letters and invitations from members of the Galt Family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Mary \"Mamie\" Garland about the Galt Family with some personal correspondence with friends and family and business correspondence in relation to her jobs at the Valentine Museum and the Richmond Public Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharts, notes, news clippings, and correspondence about Galt Family genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmpty envelopes, blank greeting cards and blank notepaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome items were moldy when accessioned. They have been boxed separately and are currently unavailable to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from her husband, William Wilson Galt. 3 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Small notebook with two pages of accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Speeches, reports, and poem about the Masons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1809 property tax bill, and 1808 letter from Lewis Stuart of Greenbrier.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers mainly deal with Hugh Blair Grigsby's business and family in Charlotte County, Virginia. Includes some early family papers, deeds and correspondence. The papers were accessioned as a group of loose papers and a group of file folders in a wooden box. In organizing these papers, this original grouping has been kept. The loose papers are arranged alphabetically by subject, then the papers in the wooden box are also arranged alphabetically by subject. There is an overlap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 business or calling cards with Hugh Blair Grigsby's signature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Annie Christian to Mrs. Anne Fleming about Indian attacks and related troubles, plus her desire to be in Botetourt County, dated 1780 April 1. Hugh Blair Grigsby collected her letters. Most of the letters are housed in the Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers at the Virginia Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1842 letter has a note \"The only piece of the handwriting of my mother that I possess.\" 1840 letter deals with results of the presidential election, 1841 letter to his wife about his visit to Norfolk, Virginia; undated response to a complaint by Joseph Caldwell; 1855 letter regarding his purchase of \"Pocohantas\"; undated letter from Mary Blair Grigsby Galt to her Mother; undated letter to Mrs. Grigsby at Edgehill from \"Cousin P. E. R.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1881 receipt from John E. Holt. Agreement of Partition between H. Carrington Grigsby and William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair his wife, dated January 24, 1882. February 8, 1882 agreement between Mrs. M. V. Grigsby, administratrix of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby from Thomas Word.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts, invoices, accounts and business correspondence relating to items purchased for home, business and farm.  Includes an 1828-1831 account sheet for money received and money expended, requests for loans from neighbors, bond material, and a small book, \"Account of John E. Holt\" from 1869-1879.  Two accounts were grouped separately when accessioned and have been grouped separately in the back of this folder:  Accounts with W. H. Smith from 1875-1882 and Accounts with John E. Holt and J. W. Eggleston from 1869-1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book for family and farm expenses and payments from 1887-1896. Does not include an index, but names of people and merchants are noted on each page. One small \"daily\" notebook with financial information, undated. Bank book from \"Exchange National Bank in Norfolk\" with entries from 1871-1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes on the early history of Virginia and a tribute written \"to the memory of my father the Rev. Benjamin Porter Grigsby\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall group of papers belonging to Mary Venable Grigsby, the wife of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Circa 1829 letter from a friend in Richmond, Virginia; a calling card; an 1882 application for life insurance; two undated letters from her son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby (one while at Hampden-Sydney College); undated letter from her sister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlats, deeds and related material for land in Charlotte County. Includes a 1736 survey by William Westbrook with notes on \"Booker Survey\"; 1793 survey for Thomas Read; Edward Fitzgerald deed to Hugh B. Grigsby; 1870 survey of the \"Low Grounds of Edgehill\" by Thomas F. Petters, correspondence on land bought from the Cardwell Family (1870's and 80's) and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1839 deed from George Garraway to Edward Fitzgerald for land on East Street; 1855 deed from Rosina Karcher to Simon S. Stubbs for property on Main Street; 1858 deed from Hugh B. Grigsby to Charles B. Duffield for property on East Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of items taxed for 1879 and Grigsby's copy of the letter sent when paying bill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten copy of an indenture, 1859 April 2, in the \"City of Williamsburg between Hugh Blair Grigsby...in his own behalf and in behalf of his infant son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, of his infant nephews, Hugh Grigsby Whitehead, Henry Colgate Whitehead, John Boswell Whitehead, Jr., Holbrook Whitehead and Park Lewis Poindexter, and of his nieces Cornelia Grigsby, Irwin, Jr, Billie Poindexter and Mary Irwin...and the President and Masters or professors of William \u0026amp; Mary in Virginia...a certificate of debt...of One Thousand dollars bearing six per cent interest per annum payable half yearly to have and to hold.... Copy of signatures of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Benjamin S. Ewell. Paragraph in the indenture explains why he is listing his son, nieces and nephews on the document. Document from Benjamin S. Ewell that states \"whereas the late Hugh Blair Grigsby...endow in said college, 'The Chancellor Scholarship\" with his bond, dated 1881 January 18. 1881 Resolution from the Convocation of the Board of Visitors and Governors of William \u0026amp; Mary in memory of the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, LL. D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten poems, a hymn, a shopping list, published tributes to Hugh Blair Grigsby at his death, printed sheets of the hymn written by Hugh B. Grigsby in 1877, and two copies of pamphlet Lines, to my Daughter on her Fourteenth Birthday, privately printed in Norfolk. 1881 May 20 Richmond Dispatch clipping with a poem, \"Lines: Suggested by the Death of Hon. Hugh Blair Grigsby, April 28, 1881,\" \"Hymn written on the morning of the 22d of November 1877, when I entered my seventy-second year\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby and \"A Sonnet on Spring\" from Farmville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds, surveys and plats of land in Charlotte County. Names on documents include Joel Watkins, Brooks Becker, Thomas H. Spencer and William L. Morton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNine 1861 confederate certificates at 8 per cent and four 1864 confederate bonds at 4 per cent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten  letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby to Mr. Grinnan of Orange County, Virginia about the Porter Family genealogy and Grigsby Family genealogy.  Stamped envelope included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts, accounts, agreements, invoices, and correspondence for bank business, personal loans, bonds, and purchases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts for purchase and sale of slaves by the Whitehead and Grigsby families in Charlotte County and Norfolk, Virginia.  Slave names included:  Louisa, Richard, Emanual, Elexena and her three children Jenny, Fanny and \"blank\", Virginia and Richard and Rachal and child Diana.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1856 document electing Hugh Blair Grigsby as a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and an 1861 letter inviting him to a meeting of the Massachusetts Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgreement on rental or use of farm property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten and printed poetry. One poem, \"Life's Latest Pleasures\" was written when Grigsby was 85 years old. Includes 1867 poem, \"Lines to Hugh Blair Grigsby, L.L.D, President of the Virginia Historical Society\" by Emma Early.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes 1779 January 14 plat and description of land which was part of the estate of Thomas Watkins and part of the tract of land owned by Beverly Randolph in Charlotte County, 1805 deed from Joel Watkins to Clement Carrington, 1862 letter from John McPhail sending \"old deeds pertaining to the Edgehill Estate,\" 1878 survey for \"T. N. Jones and Catlet\" to sell the lands of W. Cardwell in Charlotte County, 1879 deed where Robert Catlet sells the Cardwell land to Hugh Blair Grigsby, 1887 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and H. Carrington Grigsby transferring Edgehill tract to H. Carrington Grigsby, 1905 sketch of the \"lines between the farms of Carrington Grigsby and J. Flood Morton as agreed upon by them and established by J. D. Morton\", and an undated survey description of land on the Little Roanoke River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers concerning the lawsuit between Pugh and Cardwell which centered on land that Grigsby wanted to purchase.  Includes deeds, financial information and property related documents.  The land belonged William Cardwell and Thomas Cardwell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers concerning the purchase of the William W. Read property which adjoined Edgehill. Includes deed of sale, correspondence and notes. Appears that Read refused to sell the property after he had agreed in writing to the sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of personal property which included 42 slaves above the age of 16, 9 slaves aged 12-16 years old, 21 horses, 1 piano, 1 gold watch, 1 carriage, stock shares and $125 in value of silver plate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1872 letter written by H.C. Grigsby to Miss Margaret Venable about boarding at her house when he visits Hampden-Sidney and 1875 letter from H. Carrington Grigsby to \"Cousin Mag\" sending his regards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers of Hugh Carrington Grigsby, which also includes some material for his sister, Mary Blair Grigsby before and after her marriage to William Wilson Galt.   Hugh Carrington Grigsby resided at Edgehill in Charlotte County, Virginia.  His papers concern family matters, such as the estate of his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, business affairs of the family and relationships with his sister Mary Blair Grigsby, William Wilson Galt and other relatives who lived in Charlotte County and elsewhere.  Even though he invited many ladies to local events, often with the collusion of friends, he never married.  He was engaged to Mary H. Holt in 1897 but she evidently broke the engagement because she loved someone else.  Many letters deal with the local community regarding farming, money, local politics, clubs, and more.  After his Father's death, Hugh Carrington Grigsby slowly becomes more involved in the local community.  Letters from his Mother express concern about his welfare, opinions on family matters, reports of her daily routines and advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Mary B. Grigsby (sister), Paulus A. Irving (friend) and Hugh Blair Grigsby (father). Mary B. Grigsby asks for advice on how to dress and how to behave when she visits him, probably at Hampton-Sydney College in 1876.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, his sister Mary B. Grigsby, and other family members and friends. W. Irving Taylor writes about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby. John Whitehead, Carrington's uncle, sends a letter from Mr. Brock who asks for the original minutes of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of William and Mary which should be with his Father's papers. Family letters often concern Hugh Blair Grigsby's death and estate. Other letters offer condolences on the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Lucie Knight and Alice Marrow write concerning invitations from Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. W. G. Morton asks to buy a Revolutionary War flint lock gun, Nina Bouldin solicits donations for a library at the Mt. Pisgah Academy. Letters from brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, J. B. Whitehead, Rev. J. J. Kirkpatrick, and others. Includes draft of a letter from H.C. Grigsby to R. C. Reid where he states that Reid was out of line to publically correct him, letter from B. Johnson Barbour who wants an interview about Hugh Blair Grigsby, letters from W.P. Dye and others about farming and livestock practices, letters from neighbors and friends extending invitations, letter from Robert Armistead of Richmond, Virginia about purchases made by Mary Galt, and a letter from A. E. T. Bradford about a \"J. W. Madison\" desk given to Hugh Blair Grigsby which was to be returned to him after Hugh Blair Grigsby's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  Miss Alice Murrow accepting an invitation, Louise Carrington, great grandson of John Grigsby A.B. McCorkle, relative J. B. Whitehead, mother Mary V. Grigsby, sister Mary G. Galt, cousin B.A. White), neighbor J. W. Morton, and cousin Louise Carrington. Includes letters from Mary G. Galt to her mother, a letter from Cousin Thomas B. Venable to Mrs. Mary Grigsby about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, family letters concerning his father's estate, invitations from F. H. Bouldin and other neighbors, replies from invitations to young ladies, letter about membership in Aspin Grove Range, and letters concerning the price of corn and other farm items.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby, Carrington's mother, is living with different relatives after the death of her husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend, and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, cousin John B. Whitehead, sister Mary G. Galt, Lucy A. Priddy asking for a loan, cousin J. C. Carrington, friend and old neighbor J. W. Morton,  Miss M. G. Nowlins, L. H. Hayes regarding horses, Miss S. A. Boswell with an invitation to church, an invitation from Mrs. McKelway, a driving invitation from Jennie Watkins, cousin Nellie Watkins, Alice Marrow regarding a visit, and cousin Louise Carrington.   Includes a letter from W. H. Grigsby in Washington, DC about reviewing an enclosed crayon portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, letter from Lyon G. Tyler asking for any correspondence between Hugh Blair Grigsby and President Tyler for his research on President Tyler, letters from neighbors about escaped sheep and a loan, letters from young ladies and a letter from a local farmer J. E. Holt to Mrs. Grigsby about his family and farming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations and wedding announcements. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Charles Deane of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Louise Carrington, Emmett M. Dickson and other friends and relatives. Includes letters of introduction by friends for Carrington Grigsby to use during a visit to Kentucky, letter from Mrs. Louise Leigh (cousin) with a note on the back by Carrington about his friendship with her and how he'll miss talking with her now that she is married, a poem by Miss Bigalow, a letter from W. H. Grigsby about a crayon likeness of Hugh Blair Grigsby, an analysis of \"Vivorilla Guano\" and a copy of his letter to Mrs. Reuben (Virginia) Grigsby Chandler. Mary V. Grigsby's letters relate her daily routines and visits plus she gives advice to Carrington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations, and wedding announcements. Correspondents include:  Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Mary Bolling, Charles Deane, Marie Shepperdson, John Whitehead, C.T . Hanson, P. R. Carrington about the Carrington genealogy, cousin Henrietta McCormick of Chicago, T. R. Rogers, S. W. Morton, Marianne E. Skelton, and Pattie Finch. Includes a handwritten program for a local \"musical soiree\" at Mrs. Kate McKelway's home, letter from Frank G. Ruffin who wants copy of Hugh Blair Grigsby's address to the Virginia Convention about the Federal constitution, notes from neighbors about oats and nails, letter from Boylan Green about a new debating society, and letters from extended family members about genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mary V. Grigsby, M. L. Nowlin,  G. T. Hersfelt, Mary E. Bollings, cousin John Whitehead, Miss Bigelow, and W. M. Cary. Includes 1884 invitation to Hampton Sidney College's graduation, letter from Sheriff C.V. Marshall appointing Carrington as one of the commissioners to view proposed new road, invitation to 1884 leap year party, letter from B. Johnston Barbour about one of Hugh Blair Grigsby's addresses, and letter electing Grigsby as delegate to represent the Walton Magistrate District at the Democratic convention in Roanoke.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby continues to give advice and talk of her daily routine and health.  William Wilson Galt mentions that he may be sent to Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mrs. Grigsby, Miss Willie Garland, and other family members, friends, and business acquaintances. Includes invitations to local functions and homes, thank you notes for books, notes from Peachy Gilmer, Miss Jeffress and other female friends, note from Dr. Thackston about teeth and dentist problems, Lillian Lee genealogy, and letter from Mrs. G. P. Rice telling him bluntly that she will not congratulate him on his appointment to the Russian Delegation.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby has further serious health problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: J. D. Shepperson, cousin Annie Read, Victor Murguiondo, William Wilson Galt, W. W. Glasgow, Charles Deane, Mary B. Grigsby Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and others. Includes invitations to the \"jois de Vie\", copy of letter from Carrington to his Mother while he was visiting White Sulphur Springs, responses from lady friends, letters of introductions, letters concerning ladies (one letter from H.H. Booker telling Carrington that a certain young lady was \"at church\" today), letters about genealogy, letters from neighbors about farming matters, letter fom J. D. Shepperson about helping with a negro club, and letter from William W. Glasgow about the changes in Virginia and \"the race of true Virginians.\" William Wilson Galt writes about his family's move into a new home and business/land dealings that concern the Grigsby Family. John Whitehead writes about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate.  Mary B.Grisby Galt tells of her growing family and activities.  Mrs. Galt is staying with friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mrs. L. Carrington, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, John Whitehead, and others. Mrs. L. Carrington asks for a loan in a flowery letter. William Wilson Galt relates financial information and family affairs . Letter from a Mrs. Crampton (?) who wants her son to receive some education and asks Carrington to ask Mr. Galt about Navy prospects, reply from William Galt about the Navy and about a lady \"prospectz' for Carrington. Mrs. Grigsby's eyes are not doing well. She appears to be living with the Galt Family. Miss Maria Davison about genealogy of the Ross Family. W. S. Morton complains about two loose colts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily, friend, and business correspondence. Mr. P. B. Price wants to publish a Hampton Sydney address by Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Farming related correspondence about prices, orders, and more.  William Wilson Galt writes about selling Main Street house, family affairs, and Mrs. Grigsby.  Letters and replies to invitations from ladies, plus a letter from P. Morison who writes, \"I should prefer not going out with you...I go with are usually college boys and the younger Seminary students in whom I feel some special interest...\"  Kate Bigelow writes about her teaching job and \"if I see or know of any one whom I think will suit you, I will certainly remember you\".  W. T. Ewell writes from William \u0026amp; Mary about the bond deeded to William \u0026amp; Mary by Hugh Blair Grigsby and the portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Invitations from neighbors.  Lottie Carrington sells seven of a dozen of autographed letters from George Washington for $25 each, and is trying to locate some of the other letters that belong to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Johnson sends a journal article, Lizzie J. Hunt requests a buggy ride to the court house, William Wilson Galt writes about Grigsby business and the Main Street House, J. W. Hooper  and others want to see Hugh Blair Grigsby's papers from Hampden  Sidney, business letters about farming and banking, Miss Lulie Watkins prays that he meant it when he said he wanted to accept Jesus and explains the plan of Salvation, Nancy Stuart requests his picture for a young lady, Mrs. Grigsby writes of her personal and family affairs and lectures him on other matters, relatives and friends appear to be concerned that he's not married yet, W. W. Read warns about a tenant and  J. D. Griselin requests Hugh Blair Grigsby's letters for Miss Sallie Tazewell who is republishing a series of her father's letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Gaines has organized a female reading club and is still teaching, Major Gaines reports that Col. Whitehead has nominated Gaines to the State Board of Agriculture, Mrs. Viola Minor asks for beef steak \"I wanted to ask you this but could not summon up courage\", and other correspondence from neighbors and relatives who write of family and local news, the illness of his Mother, and send replies or requests to invitations for visits or functions. Telegram from his Mother about the birth of Robert Ware Galt, son of Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt. Appears that Mrs. Grigsby is staying at Edgehill during the later part of the year where friends and neighbors care for her. Letters from \"cousins\" suggest that he is leading a boring and dull life and sympathize that he cannot find a companion, though there are many notes about \"dates\" with ladies. Cousin Berta Lackey writes in February of a horse and carriage accident that injured her, about not knowing what love is and implies there might be something going on between the two of them but in March she writes \"I will ever regard you with the cousinly interest that first led me to address a letter to you\". She later writes more letters, mentioning going to Richmond to get a fragment of bone removed due to her carriage accident. Her writing style is Victorian and her subject matter introspective and analytical. She is a teacher and lives near Lexington, Virginia. By the end of the year, after meeting Carrington and his family in both Lexington and Richmond, the \"relationship\" seems to be completely platonic. A Mrs. Minor and her daughter, Viola, write to Mrs. Grigsby about an incident at Edgehill where the daughter was either renting rooms or staying as a housekeeper. Evidently Carrington Grigsby became enraged by an incident, suggesting Viola did something dishonest, but Mrs. Minor has found that no one else is surprised by his behavior, and her children are raised to be honest people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are only five letters for 1889. William Wilson Galt writes about financial issues and Annie Read writes to Mrs. Grigsby about the death of her father. Includes a bond from Mary V. Grigsby to Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are only five letters for 1890. Three letters are addressed to Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby from friends and relatives. The other letters to Carrington concern selling stock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven letters, mostly dealing with stock and other financial matters. Lizzie Nash offers condolences on the death of a family member, but is unclear who died.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour letters. Includes a request for apples by Cousin Annie Read, the selling of Carrington's tobacco by Moss, Eanes and Gills, and matters about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate from John Whitehead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive items. Includes letters from neighbors, William Wilson Galt and a bond between Carrington Grigsby, Dr. McPhail, and H. L. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters about farming, requests for Hugh Blair Grigsby's writings, and personal and family finances. Includes a list of books with the number of volumes in each set, a letter from Dr. A. S. Priddy requesting Carrington's recommendation to Walter H. Taylor for the open position at Eastern Virginia Hospital, and letters from a woman friend who is upset that Carrington will not reply to her letters. Members of the Read family, cousins to Carrington, write about different local and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with businesses, family and friends. Includes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns, business matters such as price of crops and farming items and a request for farming items for the \"Cotton States and International Exposition,\"   Ms. Blair of Walnut Grove, a regular correspondent in other years, continues to write of local events. William Wilson Galt continues as executor of the estates of both Hugh Blair and Mary Venable Grigsby, and Uncle John Carrington appears to manage other aspects of Carrington's finances. S. D. Morton writes about the low salaries of local teachers and requests Carrington's opinion and Richard Gaine asks him to attend a meeting to discuss county affairs. The William Wilson Galt family moved into a new house in Norfolk which he calls #1 Grigsby Place. Miss Nellie Daniel continues to write and issue invitations for visits. He receives requests for copies of his Father's addresses, and even requests for books from the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns and business matters such as price of crops and farming items. Mary B. Galt writes about her visit with the Galt Family plus asks Carrington to check on Miss Ada at The Grove, nephew Will Galt writes his first letter to \"Uncle Carrington\", Cousin Emma Early writes about her family in Texas, Nannie Daniel continues writing about books, local events, and invites Carrington to visit with the caveat that he better come and stay longer.P. G. Miller, clerk of Court in Goochland County, requests Grigsby genealogical information. The Shepperson and Read families continue to write and extend invitations. Mr. Shepperson writes that he found Carrington's colt dead in the stable.   R. C. Winthrop, Jr. writes that his father's estate includes 114 letters from Hugh Blair Grigsby and over 100 letters written by his father to Hugh Blair Grigsby which were given to his father by Carrington. He suggests that this collection should be kept together, possibly at the Virginia Historical Society. He plans to have the collection arranged chronologically and bound. Joseph Bryan, President of the Virginia Historical Society, writes about the potential loan/gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters. N. Daniel invites him to the Presbytery at Bethlehem on the 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th. Dr. A. Duane of New York answers Carrington's query about his eye problems with a possible diagnosis and treatments. Sue Wainwright writes two letters that suggest they may have an interest in each other, but questions why he is always too busy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarrington has \"the grippe\" in January and his eyes continue to bother him. On January 9, W. W. Galt writes from Arabia that \"probably about this time...you will have left the estate of 'single blessedness' and will have settled down\". But other letters from family and friends during this time period do not mention a wedding and he appears to be unmarried due to his activities. Mary B. Galt writes often to Carrington, giving news of her family, William Wilson Galt and his navy travels and the Galt family in Norfolk. Uncle John Carrington continues to send financial accountings. One note from Carrington to Uncle John discusses a misunderstanding about money owed. In January and February, Carrington prepares for a visit to Norfolk, writing the Carringtons and Galts about his plans. Annie Galt of Williamsburg, Virginia suggests he come when the weather is nicer. Emma Early Stringfellow, a cousin from Texas, scolds him for never answering her letters. Cousin Maggie Venable asks for a donation to help build a Presbyterian Church in Lawrenceville. J. Morton White of the William \u0026amp; Mary Quarterly tells of their intention to publish the life of Hugh Blair Grigsby in the February issue and requests any information he can send. Topics once again include the sale of tobacco and other farm items plus business correspondence concerning the farm, banking and stocks. Includes a membership card to the Merrimac Club for twenty days. Beginning in late 1896 and early 1897, many business letters are typed rather than handwritten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCousin Kate Flournoy asks if Carrington has a picture of Colonel William Cabell and DC Jackson writes a full description of a carriage and phaeton he is selling and various relatives and business write of farm and local matters. A list \"Patrons of Miss K. Boyds' School\" is included. Carrington Grigsby met, courted and then became engaged to Miss Mary H. Boyd in 1897. She is a teacher, possibly at the Shepperson home. By December 13, something occurred and the engagement was ended. Correspondence from friends, family, and Miss Boyd. Mary B. Galt writes that she would not \"call on Miss M. Hugh Blair because it would be premature.\" On November 10, Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes \"I am truly delighted that she has at last decided positively...and I have written her a real nice sisterly note\". Miss Boyd writes, \"Thank you for what you said in regard to my fine judgement. I promise you that all of my influence (if I have any) shall be used in your behalf.\" Cousin Emma Lou Stringfellow writes to Mary H. Boyd in which she says \"I know he is one of nature's best nobleman...\" and gives many other attributes of Carrington. The December 13 breakup letter from Mary H. Boyd says, \"if I could have been launched in to matrimony on the high-tide of my feelings...all would have been well but those things that have broken my dream of yours...frightened and chilled me and I cannot find it in my heart to forgive the fate that makes it so\". John Whitehead writes, \"I presume...the estrangement is permanent...there are thousands of lovely ladies in Virginia.\" Some undated letters from Miss Boyd are at the end of the folder. Mrs. Cynthia B. T. Coleman of Williamsburg answers a letter from Carrington about purchasing two chairs belonging to her Uncle William Randolph. She jokes that she barely has two hundred cents much less $200 to buy them. She notes \"if Randolfhians is at such a premium I think I had better make my fortune selling off my silver and glass that he brought with him from England. Poor as I am I think I will keep these treasures and hand them down to my children's children.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Mary Boyd to Carrington discussing the breakup, the rumors around Smithville and how well he is behaving like a \"manly man.\" A draft of a letter from Carrington to Mary Boyd about the termination of their engagement. Other relatives and friends give him support after the termination, especially John Whitehead, Nancy Daniel and Cousin Stringfellow. Nancy Daniel notes that Mary Boyd only wanted \"to carry on a fliration...and she did not love any body but Mr. F.\" Miss Shewall tells of seeing Mary Boyd with Cabell Flourney and they might be engaged.   Nancy Daniel continues to write letters asking why he doesn't write or visit often, suggesting he thinks she is uninteresting and wanting to know all about his activities, especially with ladies. Emily Christian from William and Mary asks if he wants a subscription to The William and Mary Quarterly. Mary B. Galt is in Presbyterian Hospital in New York because of possible heart problems. Walter Anderson asks about his Blair Family ancestors. Langhorne Crosby is desperate to know if \"Willie Galt\" is all right since he is in Manila. Sue Wainwright writes, \"When you get this - I will have left Charlotte - I am too sick at heart to write - goodby - God bless you.\" T. P. Wilson responds to his query about how to kill tobacco worms. Samuel Hannah apologises, asks forgiveness and explains what happened when he stopped by Mrs. Galt's house after he'd had too much to drink. Includes correspondence about farm crops and implements, business transactions and local and family matters with invitations from family and local residents. Includes a November 3 letter from William Wilson Galt in Jamaica to Mrs. Mary B. Galt, list of Kathryn Boyd's patrons for 1898 and a letter from Mrs. Mary B. Galt saying her husband has returned from Manila.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters. Two letters written for Beverly Thomas asking for an extension for a payment for land and one note requesting flour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900 Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes that her son, Hugh, is better but \"I don't want him to return to Wm \u0026amp; Mary at all, for I don't believe they can get decent food there at all.\" Samuel Read asks how he can obtain a copy of \"History of South Side Virginia\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby. Nannie Daniel writes \"You seem to have quite a fondness for widows. Now there are four...I think it is time you were getting married...some one said you were in love with yourself and would never love any body else.\" Mary B. and William Wilson Galt have a new son named Carrington Grigsby Galt. Carrington is a member of the State Board of Agriculture. He still receives letters from friends who tell him about ladies visiting the area. The Virginia Historical Society asks him about some newspapers that he had talked about giving to them. Mary B. Galt speaks of Miss Nannie who is looking after the children and wishes that Carrington was living such a family life. Includes letters from relatives and neighbors. Appears that he is helping some of his poorer relations and neighbors. Includes correspondence about farm purchases such as seeds, fertilizer and machinery and selling farm products. 1908 Correspondence 2 letters. Philip Alexander Bruce about his work on the early history of Virginia and Mrs. Kate B. Page of Danville accepts a request for Carrington to visit her at Edwins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMainly personal letters from family and friends, but also business correspondence about the farm and Edgehill. Invitations, acceptances, family news and local news. Includes letters from Mary B. Galt, Kathryn Boyd, Shepperson Family, Read Family, Mary Scott about teaching James, a price list and catalogue for Fanny Clark \u0026amp; Co's in Connecticut, rough draft of Carrington's letter to Mrs. Deane and the \"By-laws Governing the Joie de Vie Club of Charlotte\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and accounts with banks and uncle John Whitehead about the estate. An inventory of Edgehill with value assigned, a list and division of the plaster casts and busts, a list and division of house linens, an inventory list entitled \"Odds\" and a statement of \"cost of sale of real estate property\". A power of attorney document where Mary V. Grigsby appoints John C. Williams her attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees. Includes index.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees.  Includes a loose leaf account sheets for 1888 with personal expenses noted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall book with personal accounts. Many entries relate to money transactions with friends, neighbors and relatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTen small memoranda account books. These small pads were probably carried with him as he did his daily business. He records business dealings, cost of farm related items and a few personal notes or reminders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby. Includes a February 4, 1897 receipt from The Colonial Hotel in Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger sheets for accounts with T. J. Berry, who appears to be a metal worker.  Other accounts and invoices for T. J. Berry may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger sheets for accounts with W. T. Faris, who appears to be an owner of a general store. Other accounts and invoices for W. T. Faris may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger sheets for accounts with H. M. Smith and Company, which appears to be a grocery and general store.  Many other invoices for H. M. Smith and Company are filed in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree bank check stub books and one page of a saving book account with Franklin Savings Bank.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of securities in safe at Charlotte Bank Insurance Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, invoices and contracts about stocks and bonds. 25 or more stock certificates for \"Florence Railroad and Improvement Company\" purchased in 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Property and other tax bills and payments. Some years involve the estates of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Blair Grigsby. Includes a 1897 list of taxable property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1892 certificate as an active member of the Smithville Democratic Club; 1895 notices to \"Tax Payers of Charlotte County, Virginia\" from a committee charged with reviewing the county budget of which Carrington was a member; 1900 printed list of committees for the \"Laying of the Cornerstone of the Confederate Monument\" of which Carrington was on the Executive Committee .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvoices, receipts, correspondence, and policies for property and life insurance.  Some material on the life insurance policies of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby, with the policy documents for Mary V. Grigsby.  Includes insurance policy transfers from William L. Nelson to Carrington Grigsby and  John B. Holt to Carrington Grigsby, both in 1882.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmall notepad listing items from the Grigsby Family by category, then by Mr. Grigsby and Mrs. Galt.  Appears to be a division of the estate of Hugh Blair and Mary V. Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo small daily journals with entries about daily activities and genealogy notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes hand drawn plot of Cumberland Street Property in Norfolk, Virginia from 1889; purchase documents with the Grottoes Company for villa lots at Shendun, Virginia; 1899 deed between Beverly and Alice Thomas and H.C. Marshall for land originally purchased by Beverly and Alice Thomas from Carrington Grigsby and Mary B. Galt; 1893 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and Hugh Carrington Grigsby where she gives him Edgehill in Charlotte County as collateral for a debt of Lelia B. Walker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is some overlapping in the financial and correspondence papers. Contains bonds, notes, road surveys, merchant's license for operating a dry goods and grocery story, license for \"standing\" a jack (mule) and a stallion, $15,080 note with William Wilson Galt, a farming contract with Tazewell Taylor, administrator papers for Mary and Louisa Cooper and an appointment to survey the lands of William W. Read.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroadside announcement of the \"Resolutions of Respect in the memory of Judge Wood Bouldin\" which were passed at a \"meeting of the citizens of Charlotte County, Court Day, November 6th, 1876.\" Broadsides for farm machinery, \"Spring Hill Nursery\" in Prospect, Virginia, \"Greensboro Nurseries\" in Greensboro, North Carolina, tobacco, chemicals, bookstores, kettles, and manure. March 1900 flyer for the Southern Historical Association, price list for plows from \"Charles E. Hunter\" in Richmond, Virginia; how-to cards from \"A.H. Patch\" of Clarksville, Tennessee, two copies of Volume II, No. 11, 1891 March 14 \"Knowledge, a Weekly Magazine\", reprint of \"Use and Abuse of the Obstetric Forceps,\" and flyer with prices from tobacco to groceries for \"Sublett \u0026amp; Cary\" General Commission Merchants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876 article on Lord Botetourt, undated article \"Bowie of Alamo Fame\" and an 1896 page from \"The Sun\" in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of months and their flowers and meanings, 1879 April 13 love poem, paper on Algernon Sidney (paper may possibly be by Hugh Blair Grigsby), 1870 paper entitled \"Education.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial that could not be definitely associated with either the Grigsby or Galt Family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlank Valentine greeting card and empty envelopes from Cassiday and Thorp, Iroquois Club of San Diego California, and Vaughan's Seed Store in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings, mostly with events in Williamsburg, Virginia but some historical and society news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a drawing of a bookshelf, financial estimates, costs of materials, illegible address of Richard Henry, handwritten poetry in various handwritings, and an essay on religion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes news clippings; a printed John Knox poem, a program of \"The Little Duke\" performed in at the Broad Street Theatre in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1879-80; a pamphlet \"Ode Commemorating the Entrance of the Hon. Horace Binney on his Ninety-Third Year\" dated 1872 January 4 and printed in Norfolk, Virginia; 1939 brochure by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities \"Pocahontas Bright Stream Between Two Hills\", and two other pamphlets for Jamestown Island, 1941 and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese photographs have been grouped by Galt Family, Grigsby Family, provenance unknown. Includes a few tintypes and daguerreotypes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGalt Family Photographs\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n*Dimensions range from 5\"x7\" to 6\"x9\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGalt House in Williamsburg, 20th Century\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDicky Galt, CSA\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaurice Hamner Garland\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucy B. Galt Garland (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Randolph Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEva Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucy Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLandon Cabell Garland\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Galt Garland (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt in uniform, formal pose\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Meares Galt, Betty Ashe Galt, Rogers H. Galt, Jr., and John Meares Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Ware Galt (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnknown Subject\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDimensions average, 4\"x6\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of Will Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Galt (?)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnnie Alexina Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBettie Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Ash Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Welsh Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Carrington Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames S. Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Mears Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Blair Grigsby Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Carrington Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Mears Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Williams Ware Galt (wife of William Richard Galt)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Ware Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRogers H. Galt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSusan Duane Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Richard Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Richard Galt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Group Photographs:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Mary Ware Galt and Mrs. Mary Ware Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Mary Eggleston, C. C. Field, William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, and Mary C. Ward\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy and Germaine Minson Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy Andrews, Thomas Randolph, and James Minson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Mears Galt, Roger H. Galt, Bettie Galt, John M. Galt, and Mary Ware Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt, \"Will in uniform\", \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary M. Galt, 7 weeks old\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt in uniform (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt in uniform standing on ship (not labeled)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt, 1873 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Wilson Galt (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo children on porch\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Blair Grigsby Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"John G. Zimermann and Alfred G. Zimermann on latter's entering the Naval Academy\" (Postcard)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Carrington Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Friends and Others, Many Navy Related\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of a medal with a bust of an Officer of the Navy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWallace Burnett\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCapt. W. R. Capron, Bernkastel Germany 1919 January 19\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnsign H. C. Chadwick (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. A. Duane\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. John M. Edga, USN\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFishback, USN\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles V. Gridley, Lt. Benjamin Tappan,  USS Raleigh\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Lilla Howard\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJ. Y. Rhorer, Guatemala, 1890\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobottom, USN\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLt. Hugh Rodman, (USS Raleigh)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdmr. Fabius Stanly\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSusan Armistead Marston Williams (Mrs. Robert S. Christian Ware)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProvost unknown\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnnamed navy man\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnnamed navy man in Hong Kong\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eF. B. Wilson (in uniform)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGroup of Navy Officers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Navy Related\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of Valle Di Pombei, Grand Hotel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGroup picture of five men leaning on a fence with a tent in the background \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThree men riding in cart behind an ox (2) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor John G. Tucker and J. W. Mason of Cheyenne, Wyoming\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLighthouse (3 views) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShip near harbour \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShanghai, China harbour scene, Postcard from Edgar to William Wilson Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in tents, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Corregidor Island\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGroup picture of \"Third Division Consort\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gun dismantled at Sangley after the Battle\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"USS Boston, May 1st, 1898\", Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"USS Boston, May 1, 1898 about 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Fort Malate after bombardment when we took Manila\", Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Second Division Consort, Ensign Kaiser, May 1, 1898 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeach scene\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArmy and Navy Club, Washington, DC (2, both with William Wilson Galt, one with E.K. Moore) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLarge sailing ships\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Thomas M. Brumby, USN, Flag Lieutenant\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLt. (J. G.) Charles S. Stanworth, USN, No. 10\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix men gathering around a table, drinking\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5 men sitting in the War Room of Thetic\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLt. R. H. Galt, USN on the USS Montreal\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Tintypes, Negatives and More\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype of A. A. Galt and William Wilson Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFramed tintype of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype of an unknown man\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegatives of photographs of the Galt home with a pencil drawing and note \"Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegative proofs of William Wilson Galt in uniform (very faded) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegatives and photographs of silhouettes and busts\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of Science Hall at Virginia Tech\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of Mt. Vernon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGalt Photograph album or possibly a Grigsby album, but most of the identified photographs belong to Galt Family members. Leather covered album. Cover decorated with birds and flowers. Most of the photographs are not identified. Includes photographs of Alexander Galt, Conway Roberson, Sarah N. Randolph, Hugh Blair Grigsby, Charles Read, Augusta Talcott, William Wilson Galt, Robert W. Galt, Jr., and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese photographs have been grouped by size, then subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrigsby Family and Relatives\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJan Watkins Carrington, silhouette\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam T. Hamilton (cousin of Hugh Blair Grigsby) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Jefferson Randolph of Edgehill \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Whitehead \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. John B. Whitehead\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby and Marion Clark Smith \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of a young lady with an envelope notation \"For Carrington to keep for Alice Blair\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Venable Carrington Grigsby (Hugh Blair Grigsby's wife)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Whitehead\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimensions range from 5\" x 7\" to 6\" x 9\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Huge elm at Edgehill B. H. G. standing under gives idea of size. This was taken by H. B. G. Galt\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuins of the house at Edgehill (3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace on Bank Street (4) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby Hugh Blair Grigsby (probably)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Venable Carrington Grigsby (possibly) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary (Cousin) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgehill \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo girls and a boy, taken by C. C. Firesheets in South Boston, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace in Norfolk, Virginia(3)  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Bill Oglesby, Bill Galt. A ppair to draw to\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFriends and Others\nMany of these photographs appear to be part of a collection from Hugh Blair Grigsby of friends and famous people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorace Binney \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLily Cary \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward Coles \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLanghorne Cosby \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eQuago Dorman \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"David Duncan written in my 84th year Wofford College S. C.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"To Hugh Blair Grigsby from David Duncan, Photograph of Rev. Jas. A. Duncan, D. D. of Virginia\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Frazier \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Mattie Gaines (Dowell, Charlotte County, Virginia) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eG. C. Hannah, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaul Jones \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGertrude Lannehill \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCincinnatus Newton \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. George Newton \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarter Braxton Poindexter\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdmund Quincy \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWyndam Robertson, Acting Governor of Virginia 1836–1837\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRev. Philip Slaughter\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Master George McPhail Smith\" (child)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHenry, William, and Robert Smith\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLittleton Waller Tazewell (surname changed from birth name of Bradford to Tazewell) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartha Trimble \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Annie Tazewell Walker, daughter of Mrs. Richard Walker Norfolk, April 28, 1879\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert C. Winthrop (3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Graybill \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP. B. Simms \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Noyes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Vaughan \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eC. Bouldin \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eC. V. L. Marshall\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJim Smith \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdmonia Reed, Greenfield, Charlotte County, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Megehee \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hicks Wynne \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker Hill \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Harrison \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Forbes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJosh Otley (tinplate) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. General Greener \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMadame A. Berghmand, formerly Miss Lilly Macalister of Philadelphia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Binney \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGroup collage of men from 19th Century\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMr. Tedham's turnout (with man in wagon) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. H. F. Hamilton \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillie Locke \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Masters (2) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArcher Jeffrey \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Jane Comfort \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Dexter and daughter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Deane \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam C. Hutter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eR. A. Brock \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Mary Bradford \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eB. B. Bonhden \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Allibone \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Fannie S. Daniel, Smithville, Charlotte County, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEleanor Harrison Carr \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGussie Talcott \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlibone \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Noyes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss S. Leadon \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas R. Jones of Accomack \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLyman C. Raper \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiss Emily Doyle \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAaron Jeffry \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLt. William Freeman Zeilin, Marine Corps \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJohn Daniel, US Senator\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulian Harrison \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEugene O'Locke \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes tintypes of Judd Brush, and Walter and Edna Brush, and a framed daguerreotype of Mary Venable Grigsby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrigsby Family Photograph Albums Three small leather photograph albums with photographs of friends and family. 1858-1880. Album One Some photographs are labeled incorrectly and there are some photographs without names. N.C. Winthrop Sarah N. Randolph T. Jefferson Randolph Gov. Edward Coles Miss Lizzie ? of Philadelphia Hugh Blair Grigsby McChesney Mr. Peabody General Pendleton Gov. Henry Tazewell Mrs. Henry Tazewell Colonel John Niveson Mrs. John Niveson Mrs. Tazewell Gov. L.W. Tazewell Col. John N. Tazewell Mrs. Skipwith (photograph of a painting) Mrs. Isaac Coles William Nivison Mrs. D. Allihone (Allibone) (J. Austin, Edmonia) Captain Lahrbush (age 109) Mrs. Lilly Berghman Charles Campbell J. Nelson Tappon Col William Lamb Dr. Hugh L. Hodge Jennie Schwartz Clement G. Owens Conway Robinson, Jr.   Album Two Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. Unknown Badford Unknown Winthrop Mrs. J.G. Payton Major J. Gardner Payton Mary N. Payton Susan W. Payton J. Gardner Payton, Jun. Mrs. Leander McCormick Cousin Lucy McCormick Ella J. Bradford W. McCormick Emira Louise McCormick Robert S. McCormick Anne Reubina McCormick Lucy Virginia McCormick Mrs. J McChesney Charles E. Deans W. Noyes Mrs. J. Henry John Henry Mrs. Trimble Unknown Grigsby Miss Harriet Nash Dr. E.E. Balfour Delaney Chandler Warren Moore Chandler A. J. Smith Mrs. John Henry William W. Henry Mrs. William W. Henry Hugh Blair Grigsby Miss Allebone   Album Three Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. John B. Whitehead Mrs. J. B. Whitehead Henry C. Whitehead Miss Emily H. Whitehead (John) B. Whitehead William C. Whitehead Daria Griffith Mrs. Griffith Reia White Charles Reed Mrs. W.L. (Scott) William L. (Scott) Mrs. Lucy A. Morton Mrs. Ann Allen Mr. Hogan Mrs. Hogan Miss Maria Hogan Miss Emma Early Mrs. James D. Davidson James D. Davidson Greenlea Davidson Charles Davidson Robert Davidson Gen. Jenkins Robert Tunstall Hugh Grigsby Whitehead\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e*Unknown Provenance, Photographs Without Names, and Outdoor Scenes, circa 1860 to c. 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApproximately 50 unnamed photographs \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaguerreotype of an unknown child\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGroup photo of a black family, circa 1880, includes mother, father, son and twin daughters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Unknown provenance of photgraphs with names. Many of these photographs may belong to Hugh Blair Grigsby who collected photographs of friends and famous people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Jeffery Wells and Paul Wells, Jr. \nSusie Amesten\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Chester Arthur \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Purley Date Bayler \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeer (female)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeverington \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCordelia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrancis DeCordy \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eL. P. Godwin \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColonel William Lamb \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBessie Locke \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarjorie Lowell \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Lyons \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcCormick \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBessie McDonald \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eH. E. Parminte\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArnold Walke \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Wiley \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel Webster, copy of a print \"from the last Picture ever taken\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*Outdoor Scenes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhite house with striped awning, postcard from John W. Edgar \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDark shingled house, 1104 Weston (3 copies)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene, labeled \"A typical street scene in Abacia Town\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOld Masonic Lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia Postcard from M. M. Galt to W. W. Galt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNew York and Virginia Steamboat advertising card\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Fisher Girl, Corner of Main and Church Street, Norfok, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMormon Tabernacle (2 scenes) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBust \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eObelisk \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDark shingled house (probably 1104 Weston)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a sailboat \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThree women, two men and two children on porch of white house\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily correspondence of Capt. William Wilson Galt with his wife Mary Blair Grigsby Galt and their sons, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt. Letters are written from California, Charlotte County, Norfolk, and Williamsburg, Virginia. Other letters are between Grigsby family members, particularly to Hugh Carrington Grigsby, the brother of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. William Wilson Galt's letters are written on while on voyages to California, Mexico, Cyprus, Gibraltar, the Azores, and Italy. One letter is dated 1898 April 30, the day before the Battle of Manila Bay while on board the USS Raleigh which was engaged in the battle. Letters from Eastern Publishing Company, a potential publisher of \"The Battle of Manila Bay,\" who were unable to publish the book. Accounts concerning the estate of Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby, the mother-in-law of William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvelopes that did not match correspondence. Addressed to Hugh Blair Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, William R. Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters to and from William Wilson Galt. 1894 June 7 letter from John L. Williams and Sons (bankers) to W. W. Galt regarding bonds registered in name of H. Carrington Grigsby; 1897 February 9 letter from William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy to W. D. Boxom, Governor of Florida, acknowledging his receipt of his \"commission as delegate to the Seaboard and Harbor Defense Convention\", and 1897 June 4 letter from H. L. Mitchell appointing Paymaster Galt as delegate to the \"Gulf and Atlantic Coast Defense Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from E. Eugene May of the Eastern Publishing Company in Boston, Massachusetts to William Wilson Galt about publishing Galt's book, \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Includes costs, layout decisions and corrections to the manuscript. It appears that the Eastern Publishing Company had financial problems, plus a burglary of their printing plates, and never published the book for William Wilson Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between the William Wilson Galt family members. 1881 April 12, William Wilson Galt writes Mary B. Grigsby about the health of her father and gives advice about keeping healthy in mind and body. 1881 December 1, William Wilson Galt, Edgehill, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Galt, about his small wedding at Edgehill and plans to stay in Washington, DC until his ship sails. 1883 August 2, two letters, one to his Mother and one to his Father, about the birth of his son; he draws a baby with an elongated head to describe his son. 1884 August 2 John B. Whitehead to William Wilson Galt about the price of soy on the stock market. 1885 June 2, William Wilson Galt, Williamsburg, Virginia, to his Mother about the birth of his second son, William Richard Galt. 1886 May 15 letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt which is a page of scribbles. 1890 July 17, William Wilson Galt, written aboard the USS Thetis while at sea, to his son; explains how fast the ship travels with comparison to the time his son takes to eat and to sleep, what he sees from the deck of the ship, the Southern Cross used for navigation, whales and large birds. 1891 February 4, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Vallejos, California, to his Grandmother Galt about the USS Thetis being grounded because of worms and family news. 1891 October 25, Grandfather Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt about family news and Hugh Blair Grigsby's account of the earthquake. 1892 December 3, William Wilson Galt, USS Thetis while at sea, to his Mother about arriving soon in San Diego. 1893 February 20, M. M. Galt (wife of Rogers Galt), Naval Academy, to Mary Grigsby Galt about the death of Mamie and family news. 1894 November 8, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Smithville, to his Mother about family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from family and friends of the William Wilson Galt Family. 1895 John B. McPhail of Mulberry Hill (a cousin on the Carrington side of the family) replies to an invitation from Mary Blair G. Galt; Reginald F. Poindexter to Mary Blair G. Galt about the work done on the house in anticipation of her arrival; Mary B. G. Galt, Smithville, to her mother-in-law about family news and the Rogers Galt family and Carrington Grigsby to his sister, Mary B. G. Galt about news of the farm and the community in Charlotte County. 1896-97 Hugh B.G. Galt, while in Smithville, writes letters to his father about local and family news and his activities, which include hunting squirrels and rabbits, hog killing, problems with his gun, his health, ice skating, school, summer studies, courthouse visits to hear trials, bicycle rides, searching for Native American, visiting relatives in Norfolk and Williamsburg and his desire for a hound puppy. On 1897 September 18, he mentions that \"Uncle Carrington is going to get married to Miss Mary Boyd, but I don't think he will.\" On 1897 December 18, he writes about the death of Mary W. Ware Galt, his grandmother. William R. Galt, while in Smithville, writes a letter to his father about the marriage of Albert and his activities, which includes his desire for a \"doublebarrel muzzleloader,\" hog killing, trapping, hunting, and raising chickens. Robert Galt, while in Smithville, writes to his Father about the pig killing. In 1897 May, William Wilson Galt, New York, writes his mother about his visit with Susie and Rogers Galt. Rogers leaves for target practice the next day. William Wilson Galt's ship also leaves the next day for one or two years of duty. On 1897 May 16, William Wilson Galt, while at sea near Pico Island in the Azores, tells Hugh B. G. Galt about how the ship operates, what he has seen so far on his voyage and asks, \"I want you to read up on all the places I go to and tell Will, Robert and Mary all about them.\" He also writes Hugh B.G. Galt while in Tangier, Morocco, and Genoa, Italy and at sea in the Mediterranean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly letters between William Wilson Galt and his family while he is in the Navy. Many letters are from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Father. On February 13, 1898, he writes about his hurt arm, \"the doctor had my arm put under the x-rays every night while I was down there (Norfolk)\" and that his Mother was rundown, got sick in New York and was hospitalized for two weeks. On March 26, 1898, his Mother is home, but still unwell. He writes about his summer plans, his schoolwork and a bicycle accident of a friend. He thanks his Father for the stamps and other items in the boxes he sent. On May 10, 1898, Hugh BlairG. Galt writes, \"...glader to hear of Dewey's victory at Manila, and still more so to hear by a telegram that you were well and sound.\" On March 21, 1899, Hugh B.G. Galt shows his concern about his Father's operation. On April 13, 1898, J. P. Lawrence writes Mary Blair Galt about church work. In his April 30, 1898 letter to his wife, William Wilson Galt is just entering Manila Bay. Sketches the ships in squadron formation. Mentions the possibility of dying during the battle, then proceeds to tell her what assets they have and how to handle everything if he should die. In February 23, 1899, William Wilson Galt is in New York and hopes to come home and \"stay with you all for a long time.\" Undated letters at the end of the folder include letters from Mrs. W.R. Galt to son, William Wilson Galt and family, plus a letter from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Grandmother Galt. A recipe for sweet pickle written on an incomplete letter by Mary B.G. Galt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the letters are to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from family and friends, but two undated letters are to \"Mrs. Grigsby\" from H. C. Nowlin in Richmond, Virginia about buying items for Mrs. Grigsby, and health problems. Hugh Carrington Grigsby attended \"The Cluster School\" at \"Blackwalnut P. O.\" in Halifax, Virginia in 1871 and 1872. 1871 January 8 letter from \"Johnny\" at Hampden-Sidney College talks about how wonderful college life is. Letters from both his mother and father are full of advice and some criticisms. His father, Hugh Blair Grigsby, often tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby, with many examples, that the work he does now will enable him to be successful later. Clem D. Lewis writes twice in late 1871 about his troubles with the whooping cough and recent and future parties. In 1872, Hugh Blair Grigsby writes about the death of cousin Clem C. Read \"who was named after Grandfather.\" Hugh Blair Grigsby tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby \"Father cannot tell you how much his heart is set upon you and how anxiously he wishes you to be what you can so easily become if you are true to yourself.\" In 1872, Hugh Carrington attends Hampden-Sidney College. In 1873, his sophomore year, his father is writing with suggestions about his difficulty in mathmatics and \"as you stand in the Sophomore year, so you stand for the rest of your course. I wish you to be a scholar for many reasons, and not the least is that your future fortunes depend on your success. You will have to make your own way in the world; and the more accomplished you are in your studies, the greater the probability of success.\" 1874 May 4, his Father writes, \"Both my health and your mother's is frail, and we look to you as our support in our declining years, and we are solicitious that your conduct will entitle you to the esteem of all men and women with you associate.\" 1890 October 26, letter from William T. Grigsby, Union City, Tennessee, to Mrs Grigsby, Relict of Honorable Hugh B. Grigsby, requesting a photograph of Hugh Blair Grigsby. An undated letter from Hugh Carrington Grigsby relates a story he heard from a \"youth\" about \"cogitations upon the prospect of entering college\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaxes related to the estate, 1890-1894; invoices for items paid by or charged to the estate, many of them by Mrs. Grigsby prior to her death, with receipts and canceled checks (1889-1898); poem, possibly written by William Wilson Galt, and probably about his mother-in-law, Mary V. Grigsby; copies of deeds and other legal documents, beginning in 1882; notebook with entries for expenditures in regard to Mary V. Grigsby's estate (1891-1894) and receipts of payments made to Grigsby Family members during the division of the estate, particularly the sale of Virginia bonds in 1894. Some items concern administrative matters that carried over from the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby who died in 1881. Mary Blair Grigsby Galt was an administrator to his estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA photocopy of a Galt family tree with notation, \"This chart was made in 1934 by Rogers Harrison Galt, in collaboration with Mary Meares Galt\".  The chart begins with Samuel Galt (circa 1700-1761).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped carbon copy on tissue paper of the Naval Record of Captain William Wilson Galt entitled \"Record of William Wilson Galt, Captain (S C) U.S.N.\" The record begins in 1877 and ends in 1925 when he retired. Gives a short biographical background which was noted on his entrance examination in 1877. October 30 letter to Paymaster W. W. Galt from R. W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, thanking him and commending him for the rescue of the disabled schooner \"Express\" and bringing her safely to Key West harbor; 1899 July 29 letter from the Secretary of the Navy with an excerpt from a letter from Captain J. B. Coghlan praising Paymaster Galt in sailing through rough seas to deliver a pump to the \"Raleigh\" just before the Manila Bay attack. Handwritten on cover page, \"For A.G. Zimermann, Jr.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of new members to the National Grigsby Family Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped poem written by William Wilson Galt entitled \"July the 9th, 1897\" with handwritten notes \"Birthday of his wife-Mary B. Galt\" and \"written by WW Galt \u0026amp; mailed from Algiers, Africa, 14 Augt 97-.\" Handwritten poem about death and living in the present, author unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport cards of Hugh Galt from Smithville High School, 1897 June 14 and 1899 February. 1899 invoices from the Episcopal Male Academy for Mrs. W. W. Galt for the expenditures of Willie Galt. Letter from Instructor Elizabeth A. Rowe, \"Miss Mary C. Galt has successfully completed an elementary course in Botany,\" dated 1915 February.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the family papers of members of the Grigsby and Galt Families. Mary Blair Grigsby married William W. Galt in 1881. The collection contains papers of various members of the Grigsby family, particulary Hugh Blair Grigsby who was a historian and Chancellor of The College of William and Mary and his son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby who lived his entire life at the family farm, Edgehill, in Charlotte County, Virginia.","The collection also contains the personal papers and some navy material of William W. Galt, U. S. Navy Paymaster and author of a book on the Battle of Manila Bay. Extensive correspondence to and from all the members of his family is included.","Both these groups contain correspondence, genealogy, financial papers and personal papers. ","The Galt Family resided in Norfolk, Virginia and the Grigsby Family at Edgehill, Drakes Branch, Charlotte County, Virginia.","Gift of the Zimermann family of Susan Galt, daughter of William W. Galt.","The Galt Family was from Norfolk, Virginia. William Wilson Galt, a Naval officer, lived at various addresses in Norfolk and overseas. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Venable Carrington, also of Norfolk, Virginia, then later of Charlotte County, Virginia. Hugh Blair Grigsby was a historian, president of the Virginia Historical Society and chancellor of William \u0026 Mary. Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt had 6 children: Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert W. Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susan D. Galt and Carrington G. Galt. These Galt Papers are the family papers of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, William Wilson Galt and their children. Includes letters written to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt before her marriage to William Wilson Galt. Includes some Naval correspondence of William Wilson Galt, but also check subseries 4 , the personal papers of William Wilson Galt.","This sub-series is primarily comprised of letters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues from 1863-1927. Correspondents and recipients include William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Grigsby Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and others. Considerable number of letters are between other Galt family members and their friends, family, and colleagues. William Wilson Galt was a Navy Paymaster and wrote letters to his family from all over the world. Topics of this correspondence include the courtship of his wife, family news such as births, deaths, and job changes, the financial and parental administration of his home, his naval career, his publishing career, and Masonic Lodge business. See also the sub-series for each family member for more correspondence and papers.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and his family, friends, and colleagues; Handwritten copy of Galt's application for Assistant Paymaster with the Navy, dated 1876 March 20, and resignation as Junior Deacon at Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia, dated 1878 April 9; Reference letters written on behalf of Galt by T. M. Barner of Norfolk, Virginia, 1871, and Banking House of Burruss, Son, \u0026 Co. of Norfolk, Virginia, 1873. 1878 January 25, confidential letter from C.P. Thompson noting that Galt's application was possibly complicated by the fact that Galt's two brothers were also in the Navy.","Love letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby, to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Carrington Grigsby and from S. C. Daniel at Hampden-Sydney College to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 February 21 Hampton Sidney anniversary invitation. 1879 February 5 fun letter from William Wilson Galt, approved by Mary B. Grigsby, future mate, to Hugh Blair Grigsby saying in part, \"I have the honor respectfully to transmit herewith a requisition for a mate for this vessel...\" with an attached \"Jewel\" requisition, and1879 April 22 and 26 letters from William Wilson Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby asking to court and marry his daughter, Mary Blair Grigsby. Correspondence about his position as an assistant Navy Paymaster. 1879 May 27 letter to James S. Galt from assistant Paymaster William Wilson Galt appointing him clerk to the Pay Office at the Naval Station in Key West, Florida, plus related correspondence about the appointment.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. H. Dillard (Mary Blair Grigsby's cousin), father William Richard Galt, friend and naval colleague C. P. Thompson; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby. 1879 October 30 letter from R.W. Thompson thanks Galt for rescuing the officers and crew of the disabled schooner, Empress.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from parents, sister Molly, C. P. Thompson; letter from L. R. Hamersly, publisher of \"United Service\" publication, regarding article William Wilson Galt wrote on Key West Naval Station.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Barton Myers, father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and brother Rogers.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, brother Rogers, J. H. Dillard, C. P. Thompson, A. K. Micheler, C. Hubbell; letter from Livingston W. Bethel, mayor of Key West, regarding James S. Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby. Invitation to wedding of Elizabeth Easley and William Carrington Lancaster on 1880 September 25.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter from William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby's mother Mary V. Grigsby; clipping of advertisement for William Richard Galt's school.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from C. P. Thompson; Copies of general orders 255 and 256 from Navy Department.","Christmas cards sent to William Wilson Galt; letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie; letter, written in Spanish, to William Wilson Galt from Mrs. M. A. Thornbury of Albany, GA.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Annie Galt (William's sister); letter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; William Wilson Galt's ticket to the Leap Year Ball at the Odd Fellows Hall on 1881 January 13.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Dinner party invitation to William Wilson Galt from Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Thompson.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Photograph negatives of unidentified subjects.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; Postcards to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Grigsby. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Corinne and Frank (no last names given) from Key West, E. O. Locke; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin P. E. Pearl. Much of this correspondence refers to failing health of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from cousin Samuel W. Morton. Most letters refer to failing health and eventual death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, Mary's father and former chancellor of the College of William \u0026 Mary.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from Walker M. Hill, Freddie Venable, Robert Winthrop, C. Carrington, \"Sue\" from Stockdale, Nannie Hannah, and Mary F. Vaughn. Most letters express condolences for death of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother James Galt and Angela Baldwin.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Bob, brother Jim, E. O. Locke, Virginia Ritchie, J. H. Dillard, and anonymous writer who signed only \"A Friend\" to his or her note; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from Cynthia B. T. Lohman.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim, sister Susan W. W. Galt, and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Annie, sister Susan W. W. Galt, cousin Jane, and T. L. Skinner.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt, sister Annie, brother Jim, and brother Rogers.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby from brother Hugh Carrington Grigsby concerning the exchange of Mary's share in Edgehill farm in Charlotte County, Virginia for property in Norfolk, Virginia.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from Aunt J. W. R. Galt, T. W. Clark, and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Jim and sister Molly.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and E. O. Locke.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; Program for Yorktowne Centennial Commission's Promenade Concert and Hop on October 18, 1881.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letters to William Wilson Galt from brothers Bob and Jim; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William's father William Richard Galt and sister Annie.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby; letter to William Wilson Galt from S. G. Baylor.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from A. K. Micheler, S. Hubbell, cousin Kate, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother Rogers, and mother Mary W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from cousin Lance Watkins and William's sister Annie; letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt's mother Mary V. Grigsby from Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt. Most correspondence relates to the wedding of William Wilson Galt to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. Drawings of various persons, animals, weapons, and musical instruments.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt and E. O. Locke; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William's sister Molly, William's brother Bob, and Mary's cousin J. W. Morton; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt and sister Annie; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; drawing of William Wilson Galt's martins while deployed in Santo Domingo, drawn by William.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from uncle George, father William Richard Galt, brother Jim, Thomas C. Walton, and S. F. Earle; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, cousin Leila, Mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, Emma Bates, Lizzie Boykin, William's sister Susan W. W. Galt, and \"M. F. V.\" of Franklin County, Virginia.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from uncle George; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, Nannie Hannah, and William's sister Annie Galt; letter to mother Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Molly, and Mary V. Grigsby; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Nannie Hannah, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Molly; letter to cousin Lizzie from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from N. G. Wilson, Charlie Anisdue, C. W. Littlefield, R. W. Ball, N. P. Markham, and brother Bob; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William's sister Susan W. W. Galt.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, T. W. Lester, and A. E. L. Lester; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Clara Morris; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby; letter to \"Alice\" from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Robert Wilson, and Mary V. Grigsby; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Robert Wilson.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from J. W. Stewart; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susan W. W. Galt and Clara Morris; letter to Mary W. Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter written by G. R. Pavis certifying that he \"exhonerates Dr. John M. Galt from all charges that have been or may be brought against him,\" dated 1882 October 23.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and E. B. Baylor; letter to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from Lyon G. Tyler; postcards to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Fannie Barringer, Sallie Jones, \"Evaline\", and \"Langhorne\".","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Nannie Hannah.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susan W. W. Galt, and Mary A. Galt (William's grandmother).","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt, brother John Galt, brother Jim Galt, uncle George, Thom Donough, Thom Caswell, Robert Winthrop, S. D. Greeve, Charlie Anisdue, J. D. Doyle, and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt; primary focus of all August correspondence congratulates Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt on the birth of their son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt on 1883 August 3.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Sallie Jones; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Emma Bates and Sterling E. Edmunds on 1883 September 12.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from grandmother S. M. Christian; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Susan W. W. Galt; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle George, brother Rogers, brother Bob, sister Susan W. W. Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, E. O. Locke, T. W. Lester, Edward D. Washburn, and J. M. West; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, \"MLC\" from Mulberry Hill, Virginia, and Nannie Hannah; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Jim Galt from brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Alex, \"Neal\", and \"Angel\"; letters to Jim were generally concerned with his failing health; letters dated late June through early July express condolences to Galts regarding Jim's death.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Rogers, brother Zander, brother Bob, sister Annie, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Charlie Anisdue; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, and Mary W. Galt; receipt from George P. Zurhorst for (William's brother) John Galt's funeral expenses, dated 1885 January 16.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, mother Mary W. Galt, uncle James D. Galt, brother Zander, brother Rogers, brother Bob, grandmother S. M. Christian, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Charlie Anisdue, G. L. Dyer, C. A. Stanly, William T. Saunders, and Dr. Donald Phais; postcard to William Wilson Galt from Bancroft Gherardi; telegram to William Richard Galt from Mary Blair Galt. Much of the correspondence in June is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's second son, William Richard.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from mother Mary V. Grigsby, William Wilson Galt, Robert Winthrop, Hallie R. Grier; letter to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; postcard to Mary Blair Galt from Mary V. Grigsby. Prescription for quinine treatment for William Wilson Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from uncle James D. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin Emily, Nannie Bobbing, Annie Galt, Mary W. Galt, and Susan W. W. Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, cousin P. E. Pearl, L. B. Cary, and John B. Phase.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and mother Mary V. Grigsby.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Harriet Gridley and Eluior Allen.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from cousin Emily; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Davidson, and George K. Mullin, proprietor of Luray Inn in the Shenandoah Valley. Advertisements for Luray Inn attached to Mullin's letter to Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Xander and T. W. Lester; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, and William Richard Galt; letter to father William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt and Louisa Baxter.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, W. T. Churtain, and Barton Myers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Mary V. Grigsby from Mary Blair Galt; Easter card to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Winthrop.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and W. Farvot Walk; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and aunt Molly; William Wilson Galt's invitation to join Cosmos Club in San Francisco as extended by W. R. Wheeler and S. E. Tucker, dated 1891 November 10.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; two photographs, one is too damaged to distinguish the subject, the second is seemingly a photo of William Wilson Galt with four of his children, presumably Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, and Robert Ware Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, mother Mary V. Grigsby, uncle John Whitehead, Kate Venable, Olga Dour, and M. H. Macrae; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to grandfather William Richard Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, father-in-law William Richard Galt, sister-in-law Annie Galt, and Emma Prud.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from father William Richard Galt, sister Annie Galt, and M. R. Catlin; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, sister-in-law Molly, sister-in-law Annie, brother-in-law Bob, and father-in-law William Richard Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from sister Susan W. W. Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Emily Galt, Annie Galt, Sallie Aibinson, M. H. Macrae, Eustace B. Rogers, and Lucie Watkins; letter from \"Howard\" to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Zena Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to Mary Blair Galt from Eustace B. Rogers.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from C. A. Stanly, G. W. Crusselle, E. A. Morecock, and F. M. Bostwick; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Susie Galt, Mary M. Galt, Sue B. Glennon, M. H. Macrae, and W. L. Cosby. Much of the correspondence in this period is regarding the birth of Mr. and Mrs. William Wilson Galt's daughter Susie Alexina.","Letters between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Molly Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; telegram to William Wilson Galt from H. Lee Holcombe.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from cousin Lucy and Charles Swift; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers, son William Richard Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, John S. Williams, and Acting Secretary of the Navy William McAdoo; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, C. L. Loyale, and Emily V. Galt; telegrams to William Wilson Galt from George Brown and Shields; invitation to wedding of Guilielma Lawton and Abram Carrington Read on 1894 October 10.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Secretary of the Navy Hilary Abner Herbert, and Dr. John Wyeth; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. P. Lawrence, and W. A. Boykin; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from \"Charles\".","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. Saunders Taylor and T. F. Rogers; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and uncle John Whitehead; letter to daughter Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to son Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to T. F. Rogers from Mary Blair Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from R. M. Wells and William A. Varty, Jr.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; invitation to wedding of Catharine Sampson and Richard Harrison Jackson on 1897 January 6.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Edmund S. Ruffin and Rupert W. Tomlin, R. M. Wells, F. A. Salomonson, Hammond B. Gayfer, A. K. Micheler, M. B. Crowell, and S. Cleburne Browne; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Marie B. Sheppard; invitation to wedding of Katharyn Salome and John B. Maher on 1897 May 26.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from George Dragoman, George Casanova, Joseph Starkey, and L. Haller Mingarda; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Barton Meyers. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were sent from a variety of locations: Gibraltar, Algiers, Smyrna, Piraeus.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from W. R. Drida; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and Dr. Southgate Leigh. William Wilson Galt's letters to Mary Blair Galt were written from a variety of locations: Smyrna, Gibraltar, Algiers, Tangier.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, F. Scinicariello, Horatio Sprague, and H. L. Gregg; letters to Mary Blair Grigsby from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; postcards to wife Mary Blair Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, and sister Mollie Galt from William Wilson Galt; menus from Hotel-Restaurant de la Paix and Grand Hotel Brunate; bill for plumbing services from E. E. Guy \u0026 Sons in Norfolk, Virginia; William Wilson Galt's letters and postcards were written from Genoa, Rome, and Mersina, Italy.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and daughter Mary Carrington Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, nephew Rogers Harrison Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary H. Boyd, Dr. Alexander Duane, Dr. Southgate Leigh, Ada Harvey, J. T. Van Patten, and the Army-Navy Journal; letter to son William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, including photographs of a torpedo gust leaving the tube when fired from the Raleigh at Mersina, after it left the tube, entering the water after it was fired, about 10 feet from the ship as the torpedo entered in for its course towards the target. Letter to daughter Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt, including one photograph of Dr. Marsteller and WWG, Mersina, 1897 November 25, USS Raleigh; letter to children Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt , and Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt, including a chart detailing the cities and ports visited by the USS Raleigh over nearly a one year period; letter to aunt Molly Galt from William Richard Galt; Reference letter written by William Wilson Galt on behalf of J. T. Van Patten.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Charles H. Eldridge, Max Rosenberg, Demege, Reid, \u0026 Co., and Delmege, Forsythe, \u0026 Co.; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lara, Dr. Alexander Duane, Virginia Mason, Emma Prud, Lizzie Boykin, Mary E. Carrington, Annie Watkins, Susan Morton, and Alice Green; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to J. B. Coghlan from William Wilson Galt; invitation to celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Military Service Institution of the United States on February 10.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, and J. T. Van Patten; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Saunders, \"Belle\", E. H. Marsteller, and T. W. Wood \u0026 Sons; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to all children from William Wilson Galt. Topics include William Wilson Galt's observations of the people and lifestyle of Hong Kong and the oncoming Spanish-American War.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and Henry Romeike; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, Alexander Galt, I. B. McPhail, Emma Prud, T. Hall \u0026 Mingardo, Anne Letham, A. S. Kenny, and \"Belle\"; letter to children from William Wilson Galt; translation of a proclamation by the Governor-General of the Philippines; clipping from Army and Navy Journal relating William Wilson Galt's good health after Battle of Manila Bay; printed picture of USS Raleigh; newspaper clipping relating death of Captain Charles Vernon Gridley (William Wilson Galt is mentioned in the article as having reported the death to the Navy Department). Most of William Wilson Galt's letters deal with the Battle of Manila Bay (1898 May 1). Included in his letter to Mary Blair Galt on May 1 is a hand-drawn map of the American battle plan.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and Katherine Gridley; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, L. B. Cary, W. L. Cosby, \"Lillie\", \"Sue\", and J. G. Shackelford.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, Emily Galt, J. G. Shackelford, L. B. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Lyon G. Tyler; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to \"Miss Nannie\" from William Richard Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, son William Richard Galt, W. J. Upshur, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from daughter Mary Carrington Galt and son William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Annie Galt, J. G. Shackelford, P. B. Eggleston, Stern Brothers, Larkin Soap Company, Emily Watkins, W. L. Cosby, and Alice B. Greer; invitation to wedding of Cecile Amelie and Cornelius de Witt on 1898 November 15.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son Robert Ware Galt, son William Richard Galt, and son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son Robert Ware Galt, daughter Mary Carrington Galt, daughter Susie Alexina Galt, son William Richard Galt, niece Elizabeth Ashe Galt, niece Mary M. Galt, W. A. Boykin, J. P. Lawrence, J. C. Byenes, and N. Sherwell.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from son William Richard Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and C. L. Chamberlaine; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, uncle John Whitehead, cousin Lottie Carrington, Marie Marsteller, W. A. Boykin, B. Boykin, L. B. Cary, C. M. Meginley, and J. G. Shackelford; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Bessie Daniel. Invitations to wedding of Rosalie Smith and Dr. Isaac Carrington Harrison on January 24, Katharine Storrow and William C. Scott on February 21. Program for 10th Anniversary Service at St. John's Church in Portsmouth, Virginia. Lakewood, New Jersey Railroad timetable.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Mann L. Quarles and Dr. William T. Bull; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, cousin Margaretta Clingh, Annie Galt, Dr. Alexander Duane, N. C. Lalcolt, C. M. Meginley, J. G. Shackelford, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from E. J. Bogart and L. B. McPhail; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, son William Richard Galt, son Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rogers Galt, W. L. Cosby, and Inez Wichus Montague; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. with a collection of stamps included. Invitation to wedding of Susan Hedge Amsden and Carl Sutherland Parker on 1899 June 7, Emily Louisa Sawyer and John Nichols Moore on 1899 June 28.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, uncle John Whitehead, and \"Lillie\"; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; freight bill from Southern Railway Co. for William Wilson Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, Charles H. Consolvo and Edward C. Cheshire, and Mann L. Quarles; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, N. Sherwell, J. B. Lovett, W. S. Friend, Leopold Levy, and Jackson \u0026 Co.; letter to W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr. from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt; invitation to wedding of Clara Fuller and Philip Andrews on 1899 August 16; advertisement for Hoge Memorial Military Academy.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Gerry W. Simpson and the New York Yacht Club; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, J. B. Lovett, W. L. Cosby, Marjorie March, and J. G. Shackelford; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Lucy Watkins, and Alexander Martin. Much of the correspondence relates to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt starting college at William \u0026 Mary.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy Watkins, Sue Watkins, George H. Watkins, and Hugh Carrington Grigsby.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from brother William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, John Lloyd Newcomb, William Read Martin, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, N. Sherwell, \"Lloyd\", and \"Joe\"; invitation to Twentieth Annual Celebration of the Sigma Rho Delta Literary Society of the Shenandoah Valley Academy on May 4.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Dr. Southgate Leigh, George H. Watkins, George L. R. Stevens, Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co., and Lyon G. Tyler.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, sister Susan W. W. Galt Duane, and J. F. Carr; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Eva C. Lalcolt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Bob Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Joel Hill Watkins, Lucy Watkins, George H. Watkins, Dr. Southgate Leigh, William Read Martin, and C. Vernon Spratley; Prescription written by Dr. Alexander Duane for Mary Carrington Galt; Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co. catalog for Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. Includes a 1900 August 16 letter from L.D. Starke.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from brother Rogers Galt, R. H. Townley, and Arent Schuyler Crowninshield; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, Molly Galt, Elizabeth Ashe Galt, Lucius F. Cary, Emily Christian, C. Vernon Spratley, Elsie S. Hannah, George H. Watkins, Lucy Watkins, Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, and Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co.; bill from Hospital St. Vincent de Paul for services rendered to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, C. Vernon Spratley, George H. Watkins, George Pugh, J. E. Williams, Lucius F. Cary, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and Dr. Southgate Leigh; letter to Annie Galt from William Richard Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from brother Alexander Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, cousin \"Bob\" given), W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Joel Hill Watkins, William Read Martin, Lucius F. Cary, Dr. Southgate Leigh, and Thomas H. Carter. Invitation to wedding of Martha Cabell Bouldin and Albert Humes Gentry on 1901 July 24.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Sue\"; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Annie Galt, John Lloyd Newcomb, D. C. Watkins, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; mathematics word problem.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis and Cornelia McBlair; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., and William Read Martin; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from David C. Reis; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Molly Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, Mary Daniel, and Cornelia McBlair; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and Sam Daniel.","Letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Cornelia McBlair, William Read Martin, Mary B. Daniel, and Wright, Kay, \u0026 Co.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Annie Galt; invitation to wedding of Emily Cary and Thomas Marshall, Jr. on 1901 November 12; description of \"Paul Jones\" mixer dance.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Laura Sherwood Picking; letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Mary Blair Galt, William Richard Galt, Cornelia McBlair, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Mary B. Daniel, William Read Martin, and \"Joe\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and \"Flea\"; Manila Day Reunion Poem by Commander Corwin P. Rees.","Letter to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Molly Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, George H. Watkins, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., Jul H. Watkins, and \"Elsie\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt and Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from R. G. Skerrett and B. F. Coble; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Agnes Douglas West, and W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr.; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, W. C. \"Charlie\" Hardy, Jr., M. J. Morton, and Lily B. Cary; receipt for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt's board at University of Virginia.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Laura Sherwood Picking, and R. G. Skerrett; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Susie Alexina Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt; a poem entitled \"At Sea\" written by William Wilson Galt; William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Hong Kong and Singapore.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from W. D. Southhall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Carroll R. Wright, Jr.; letter to J. W. Patterson from Mary Blair Galt; invitation to wedding of Mattie Lacey and Thomas J Pennybacker on1903 September 9. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily in Yokohama, Nagasaki and Kobe, Japan, Chefoo [Yantai] and Tsingtau [Qingdao], China, and Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Daniel Barnes; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from A. H. Flint. Invitation to wedding of Ruth Waldron and Frank Peard Thomas on 1904 January 12, Minnie Bolling and James Duncan Puller on 1904 February 3, Lucy Daniel and Charles Kingston von Weise on 1904 June 29, Ethel Sharp and Ralph Mancill Griswold on 1904 July 28. William Wilson Galt's letters were written primarily from Manila Bay, Hong Kong, Naples, and Gibraltar.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan, Thorvald Solberg, and the Virginia Club of Norfolk; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Lewis Crenshaw. Library of Congress document regarding William Wilson Galt's book \"The Battle of Manila Bay\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Rhoderick H. Watkins, and Janice H. Read; Postcards to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from D. D. E. and anonymous; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Sniky Byers, Louise Bocereeau, \"Stuart\", \"Mac\" (female), and \"Dave\"; postcard to Mary Carrington Galt from anonymous; letter to Aaron Marx from Claude Swanson.","Postcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from R. H. W.; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, L. B. Cox, Sniky Byers, H. J. Putnam \u0026 Co., R. H. Payn, H. G. McCormick, and R. Stuart Royer; letter to Robert Ware Galt from Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from J. B. Coghlan; letter to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; Postcard to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from \"E. W. C.\"; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Guy S. Lurty, and \"Stuart\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from J. J. Vogel and Dr. J. B. Murphy; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Bill Oglesby, E. W. Lawson, and Daisy Eggleston; letter to Mary Meares Galt from Rogers Galt; Robert Ware Galt's Navy enlistment papers, dated 1906 November 30, listing his examination date as 1907 April 16; invitation to wedding of Gertrude Abyvon Walke and Edward Dickinson Tayloe on October 25. Two letters written as poems to \"Uncle Bill\" from Rogers H. Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Leonard Draper, J. E. Duke and G. A. D. Galt at the \"Soldiers Home\" in Richmond, Virginia; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, Lily B. Cary, T. Catesby Jones, and cousin \"Bettie\"; Advertisements and reviews. Letter form E.B. Roy in response to Galt's concern that his Pay Director term is for three years instead of four years.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt and H. H. Ewing; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Robert Ware Galt and William Richard Galt; letters to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt, and Mary Carrington Galt; letter to Robert Ware Galt from George J. Durfey and telegram fro Hugh Blair G. Galt announcing \"Made the degree all right.\"","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and Bettie Marton. Invitations to weddings of Basil Gordon Montague and Lt. Col. George Barnett 1908 January 1, Elizabeth Welsh Galt and William Davidson 1908 January 16, Fanny Lewis Bouldin and Thomas Sprattley 1908 February 26, Elizabeth Virginia Jones and Joseph Hugh Neville 1908 April 16, Hilda Bateson and Laurance Jones 1908 June 18, Lily Brooke Booker and William Cutler Cole 1908 September 5, Evelyn Byrd Trigg and George Harris Sargeant, Jr. 1908 September 15, May Annette Luttmer and Rishworth Nicholson 1908 November 5, Anne McMaster and Davis Wills Jordan 1909 October 20, Margaret Nash Old and John Stone Stump, Jr. 1909 November 3, and Gladys Gertrude Hethorn and Wilford Grigsby Epes 1909 November 24. Note from Thomas E. Watkins 1909 March 25 saying that Carrington is very sick.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt and Louise Lelden; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from William Wilson Galt. Invitation to wedding of Delle Fay Norris and Henry Allen Pearson on February 2. Letter of condolence about the death of Roger Galt from James Riddle 1910 August 27 .","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Susie Alexina Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Mary Meares Galt, Mary C. Carrington, and W. L. Cosby.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, William Richard Galt, Alexander Galt, Annie Read, J. Watkins Lacy, Sara R. Martin, and Agnes E. Lancaster; invitation to wedding of Helen Howard and Charles Clifford Gill on April 25.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Robert Ware Galt, and \"Betty\".","Letter to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Edwin Brockenbrough.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from Susie Alexina Galt, Nannie C. Bolling, and W. L. Cosby.","Letter to Mary Blair Galt from W. L. Cosby; invitation and program for Susie Alexina Galt's graduation ceremony at the College for Women in Columbia, South Carolina on June 6. Invitations to weddings of Louise Keeling Taylor and John Wright Stribling June 12, Lois Drake Millard and Frank Edwin Preston Uberroth June 22, Nancy Collins Nash and Logan Cresap June 29, Lela Coles Bouldin and Oscar Lane Shewmake June 26, Katharine Jones and Reginald Page June 27, Mary Ambler Willcox and Worrall Reed Carter July 2, Lilly Johnson Poor and Henry Morris Johnston July 9.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from R. C. Marshall; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Lucy Gray Harrison and H. A. Hunter; letter to Williamsburg, Virginia Postmaster from Lucy Pemberton, seeking addresses of relatives of late Hugh Blair Grigsby. Invitations to weddings of Cora Isabel Westcott and Laurence Stowell Adams August 1, Maude Walker and Charles Semmes Stanworth September 18, Lottie Washington Lambert and John Walton Grandy, Jr. September 19, and Dorothy Evleth Brown and Stewart Varona Hellings September 30.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt and Philip Andrews informing Galt that he has been awarded a \"Special Meritorious Medal\" for his actions in the Battle of Manila Bay. Invitations to weddings of Marie Louise Ryan and George Wirt Simpson on October 2, 1912, Susan Barnett Persons and Lewis Bowen McBride on October 9, Eloise Hirst and William Couper, on October 9, Virginia Klein Cooke and Edward Keville Glennan on October 9, Flournoy Adams Hopkins and Gilbert Alexander Boswell Eliott on October 10, Emily Ward and Otto Barten McLean on, October 17, and Clare Beatrice Rudgard Wigg and Newton Armistead Coggsdale on October 19.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and nephew Rogers H. Galt; Christmas card from W. L. Cosby. Invitations to weddings of Susan Pendleton Howard and Hartwell Heathe Hume on November 6, Josephine Engelhard Boylan and Ellsworth Harper Van Patten on November 23, Mary Lewis Sharp and Irving Brinton Holley on November 27, and Emily Fuller Johnston and Joshua Warren White on December 14.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Robert Ware Galt, William Richard Galt, Annie Galt, and Lucy Pemberton; letter to Mary Carrington Galt from Mary Meares Galt; invitation to wedding of Harriotte Jones Winchester and Edward Griffith Dodson on January 29. List of members of the Puff Club (a business men's club in Norfolk, Virginia), with attached memos and poem entitled \"The Campaign of the Puffs against the Great Destroyer.\"","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and William Richard Galt.","Letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, and Robert Ware Galt; invitation to wedding of Bessie Armistead Doyle and Joseph Virginius Bidgood, Jr. on October 25.","Letters to William W. Galt from Florence J. Grant and Maria Ward Skelton; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Richard Galt, Robert Ware Galt, Belle Boykin, and Maria Ward Skelton; letter to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt from Robert Ware Galt; letter to Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels from William Wilson Galt; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from William Wilson Galt; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; Galt's letters to Daniels, Martin, and Thom are regarding his request for a promotion to Rear Admiral upon his retirement.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from John R. Edwards; letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carrington G. Galt, Annie Galt, and E. B. Martin; letter to Alfred P. Thom from William Wilson Galt; letter to Robert W. Shultice from S. B. Avis; letter to W. H. Venable from Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels; letter to Senator Thomas S. Martin from W. H. Venable; invitation to wedding of Alice Louise Preston and Albert Weston Grant, Jr. on October 17.","Letter to William Wilson Galt from Hugh Blair Jordan; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William W.  Galt, Mary Carrington Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, William Richard Galt, Susie Alexina Galt, Mary Meares Galt, and Ward Skelton Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and Susie Alexina Galt.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Alfred George Zimmerman, Annie Galt, John M. Galt, Secretary of the Navy Edwin Wenby, T. S. Dunaway, George L. Hunt, Philip Andrews, John Teicher, Joseph W. Eggleston, A. Closdon, Frank Lester, John S. Bottimore, \"Alfred\", \"Aleck\", and \"Frank\"; letters to Mary Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt and William Richard Galt; letter to Annie Galt from C. G. Smith; letter to Dr. Pickrell from Annie Galt; letter to Hugh Blair from Aunt Molly and carbon copy of his answer.  Much of the correspondence in 1922 is regarding William Wilson Galt's health as in that year he had his right foot amputated and suffered from pneumonia.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from William Richard Galt, Ward Skelton Galt, Annie Galt, Zander Galt, \"Alfred\" (husband of daughter Susie), Hugh Blair Galt, Mrs. A. G. Zimermann and James B. Denny; letter to sister Susie from William Wilson Galt; letter to brother Zander from William Wilson Galt; letters to William Richard Galt from William Wilson Galt; letter to Mary Carrington Galt, William R. Galt and Hugh Blair Galt from William Wilson Galt, letter to Bill from Zander; letter from Billy Galt to Grandfather; list of stockholders of Lynnhaven Beach and Park Co.; 1923 December 23 letter from J. H. D. to \"Dill\" with an attached news clipping \"Dr. J.H. Dillard to visit Africa\". 1924 March 3 letter from William Wilson Galt to his son includes a poem; 1923 July 13 letter from Hugh Blair Galt to William Wilson Galt also includes a poem. Most of the correspondence during these years are typed or carbons of typed letters.","Invitations to marriages and other events, plus a few calling cards. A dried plant was transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection Mss. 1.03.","Letters to Mary Galt from Hugh G. Grigsby, William Galt, Annie Galt, Mrs. Conway Robinson, M. L. Nowlin, Laure E. Read, Carrington Galt and Roger Galt.  Letters to William Galt from Roger Galt, P. A. Williams, Louise H. Carter, Mary B. Galt, Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary Meares Galt.  Includes a note from W. R. Galt and a letter from William Galt Hubbell.","Letters to William Wilson Galt from Mary Blair Galt, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, A. K. Micheler, and Virginia (illegible last name); letters to Mary Blair Galt from Carmela Loyale, George Chappell, Annie Galt, L. B. Cary, Louisa L. Read, Nannie Winston, Bradford (illegible first name), Lizzie Boykin, and Kate Gaulding.","Letters to Hugh Blair Galt from \"Aunt Molly\",\" Elsie\", Emily M. Watkins, J. Morton, Mary Blair Galt, Lucy D. Thornton and Cordelia McBlair. Letter to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from William Wilson Galt while on the USS Kentucky. Letter to William Wilson Galt from Mary. Letter to Granddaddy or Grandpa from William R. Galt, Jr., and unknown. Letter to Granddaddy and Mamie from William R. Galt, Jr. Letter to Grandma from Grandson who was in Vallejo, California. Letters to Mother from Mary B. G. Galt and Robert. Letters to \"Father\" from \"Alfred\", \"Susie\", Robert W. Galt, and \"Will\".","Letters to William Wilson Galt from nephew John M. Galt, Maria, Mary B. Grigsby and Louise H. Carter. Letters to Mary B. G. Galt from cousin Cantey E. Reed, \"Annie\", \"M. L. Y.\", C.A . Stanely, Margaret B. Roper, \"Susan\", \"Dorothy\", Susie Crane, Sarah S. Read and others. Letters to family from Robert W. Galt, Susie D. Galt, Mary Galt and Carrington Galt. Includes a letter to William Wilson Galt from S. T. Early in which Early sends him a branch of the original Poets Laurel, and a letter from William Lamb, T. M. Whitehurst and John B. Jenkins asking William Galt to donate some land to the City of Norfolk. A legal document from Allegheny County about an 1837 debt of Andrew Fudge.","Two carbon typescripts of a short biography of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt.","Invitation, newspaper articles and rough drafts with a typescript of Hugh B. G. Galt's speech on the Cape Henry Lighthouse Celebration at Cape Henry, Virginia in 1939.","Correspondence with Estelle Haskins, daughter of Bettie Morton. Bettie Morton was a servant in the Galt household at \"Oak Grove\" in Charlotte County. Estelle and her mother live in a house on the former \"Oak Grove\" property. Estelle often writes for help with legal problems and financial problems. Hugh Blair G. Galt responds with advice, gifts of money and hand-me-down clothes, and often intercedes to help with legal problems. Estelle helps him pack up old books and papers that belonged to the Grigsby family after some property was sold. Some correspondence deals with the land that Bettie Morton receives as the dower of 1/3 of the property of Albert Morton. Hugh Blair G Galt sends Betty Morton a deed to the house, which is given for life on 1925 January 10. Eventually, the entire parcel was sold to the Charlotte County School Board by Homer A. Lester and wife. The land had been conveyed to Mrs. Lester by the Galt family.","1934 letter from Galt's nephew \"Bill\"; 1939 article about First National Seashore Park in North Carolina; 1941 letter from Office of the Marshal of the Supreme Court saying seats will be saved for him and Mrs. Galt; 1943 letter from nephew \"Richard\" while in the Army Air Forces Bombardier School in Texas; business card of Henry G. Barbee.","Notepad from \"The Pocomoke...Guano Company\" with notes on farm products, household products, Morse code, and prices of goods.","Report by Miss Elizabeth V. Gaines of Saxe, Virginia on the libraries of Charlotte County, particularly the Edgehill Library of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Class schedules, grades, certificates, notes, invoices, assignments and reports of Hugh B.G. Galt. Includes 1899 paper \"The Romantic School in English Poetry\". 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia grades; 1903, 1904, and 1906 University of Virginia pass certificates; 1906 document stating \"Degree of Bachelor of Arts conferred, June 12, 1906\"; 1938 bill for the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association; 1939 \"University of Virginia Newsletter\" with article on Virginia's Forest Resources by F.C. Pederson. Undated lecture schedule and notes. University of Virginia report card for November 1901.","Audits of the estate of Mary B. G. Galt by Hugh B. G. Galt, her son and William Wilson Galt, her husband. Includes three copies of 1935 February report \"Second Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary G. Galt, Deceased\"; one copy of 1935 April 9 report \"A Report by Hugh B. G. Galt, Surviving Executor of Mary B. Galt, Deceased to the present Beneficiaries of the Same.\"","Concerns Grigsby Family property \"Edgehill\", located in Charlotte County, Virginia which Mary B. G. Galt inherited from her brother, Carrington Grigsby. Includes 1914 plat of the Charlotte County property, 1914 Deed of Trust note on the property, correspondence with potential purchasers of the property, and correspondence and legal documents on the sale of the property to L. E. Rogers, John O. Walker, and C.E. Hunter in 1916.","1916-1928 correspondence between Otis M. Locke and William Wilson Galt about rental of property in Charlotte County. Mr. Locke rented a piece of property, possibly since 1907, and tried to purchase it a number of times. The property was originally part of the Grigsby estate. 1919-1925 correspondence about selling other parcels of land that were part of the Grigsby estate, including part of the Cardwell Tract. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1936 sale of one part of the Charlotte County, Virginia property to F. Watts Burgess and L. P. White. Correspondence and legal documents on the 1952 sale of the final piece of property to Boyd Hensley. Includes tax statements, county and property maps, and legal documents given to Hugh B. G. Galt by the remaining descendants of Mary B.G. Galt the right to sell the property.","Handwritten list of some of the furnishings of Mary B. G. Galt with a history of the item.  Includes photographs of some of the paintings.","Tax documents and correspondence regarding inheritance tax after the death of William Wilson Galt.","Inventory and appraisement of the estate of William Wilson Galt and Mary B. Galt.  Agreement between Carrington G. Galt and his siblings where he releases all his rights to the tangible personal property as a legatee of Mary B. and William Wilson Galt, 1934 July 14.  A ledger with lists and appraisals of estate.","1934 death certificate of William Wilson Galt; 1934 certification of H. G. G. Galt as executor to William Wilson Galt's estate; 1934 document giving Hugh Blair G. Galt permission to make repairs to 1104 Westover Avenue in Norfolk, Virginia (home of William Wilson Galt); 1934 inventory of 1104 Westover Avenue. Other legal documents between the beneficiaries of William W. and Mary B. G. Galt, 1916 will of William Wilson Galt, financial notes and ledgers and tax documents.","Application of relief from taxes on property in Charlotte County, Virginia.  Cancelled checks and bank statements.  Correspondence related to tax and banking issues.","Correspondence and documents of Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt as the executor of the estates of both William Wilson Galt and Mary B.G. Galt, his parents. He dealt with all the aspects of the estate: making an inventory of the contents of the house, selling items not wanted by his siblings, organizing papers, fixing up and selling the house, and maintaining accounts and legal forms to document his work. The correspondence with his siblings is often in triplicate. The names of his siblings are William R. Galt, Susan D. Zimermann, and Carrington G. Galt. Items from the home are mentioned, plus items given or on loan to institutions.","Ledger kept by Hugh B. G. Galt as administrator of the personal estate of Hugh Carrington Grigsby. Pages 6-22 include the inventory of personal estate and page 196 includes an account of finances. Between pages 22 and 23 are three loose items: two pages with pencil drawn scenes set in Colorado and probably drawn by Hugh B. G. Galt, and one letter dated 1892 December 27 addressed to \"My precious Mother\" (her mother-in-law) from Mary B. G. Galt about the sadness she feels with the death of her father-in-law. Loose memo book in back of ledger includes a few accounts and notes from 1889. All pages in between are blank.","Correspondence with Fitzgerald Flournoy, Henry Riely, other genealogists, family members and organizations about the Grigsby and Galt families. Of particular note is Fitzgerald Flournoy who organized the Grigsby Papers for Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, and his writings about different family members. One unpublished report, \"The Lot of the Defeated\" is included. Correspondence with Henry Riely, a lawyer with the firm McGuire, Riely and Eggleston in Richmond, Virginia centers on the Carrington Family. Includes notes on the families and Norfolk Historical Society inquiries.","Notes on Dr. Alexander Dickie Galt by William R. Galt and a handwritten paper on Alexander Galt, the sculptor, by Hugh B. Grigsby with a carbon typescript, published 1863 February 3 in the Richmond Inquirer. A \"Memoria Sacrum\" poem by James Barron Hope in memory of \"Alexander Galt, The Sculptor.\"","Undated handwritten and typescript of  \"Memoir of John Minson Galt, Jr.\" by W. R. Grigsby. 1941 September issue of \"Virginia Medical Monthly\" with an article on \"Dr. John Minson Galt and the Williamsburg Asylum\" by P. G. Hamlin.","Carbon typescript of paper entitled \"Mr. Grigsby: Athlete, Orator, Author\", author and date unknown.","Notes, correspondence and copies of documents relating to the Grigsby and Galt Families. Includes notes on the Whitehead Family. Other notes on collateral families of Scervant, Ware, Marston, Finch, McPherson, Silvester, and others. Includes a reprint of the 1863 obituary of Captain Reuben Grigsby from the Richmond Enquirer; 1896 article from the Central Presbyterian on the Old Stone Church in Lewistown, Virginia with a mention of Reverend Benjamin Grigsby, the father of Hugh Blair Grigsby and a handwritten copy of the James Galt family Bible. Some reports written by Mary Meares Galt. Includes a note written on a paper bag, \"Home - Woodside, Mrs. Dr. John M. Galt, Dr. John M. Galt, MD - C.S.A. Children, Eva Dulaney Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt\" and a 1870 November 14 invoice for tuition for the \"Misses C. \u0026 M. Skinner\" paid by Honorable J. B. Whitehead.","1898 April 19 confirmation certification by the Bishop of Southern Virginia in the Ascension Church in Keysville, Virginia. 1938 January 25 letter from the  Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution invitation to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt for membership via John Grigsby or Benjamin Porter.","Includes a 1871 obituary of Judge William Leigh of Halifax County, Virginia.  Most clippings deal with events in the Norfolk, Virginia area, either articles or editorials.","Newsletters, brochures and programs from various groups and events. Undated material includes \"General Regulations\" from William \u0026 Mary; map of New York City; reproduction map of \"Champlain's Map of New France 1632\"; order from for The George Jaberg Music Company of Cincinnati, Ohio; empty notepad from \"R.J. Edwards, Smithfield, Virginia\"; three copies of \"America,\" one copy of \"Yankee Doodle\" (3\"x2\") as advertisements for W. G. Williams, Smithville, Virginia; advertising card for E. E. Guys of Norfolk, Virginia.","Manuscript draft of essay on \"The First President of William \u0026 Mary,\" also called \"Commissary James Blair,\" dated 1913, typescript of paper, \"Commodore John Paul Jones,\" undated and an 1899 poem written on the Norfolk Boat Club letterhead using both English and German.","Booklet for The Galt Literary Society which was organized by \"the young men of William R. Galt's school.\"","Typed transcript of a letter written to W. R. Galt by Colonel John B. Cary of Richmond, Virginia about the Scervant Family, dated 1875 August 16.  Handwritten note on bottom of letter: original of this letter is in the possession of W.R. Galt's granddaughter, Mary M. Galt.","Certificate to William R. Galt from The Imperial Council of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America saying that he is \"A Noble of the Mystic Shrine in Accas Temple in Richmond, Virginia.\" 1900 May 16.","1903 form letter announcing meeting of the Orient Mark Lodge of Japan; 1903 menu of the \"traditional banquet to the Members of Aloha Temple...in Honolulu; 1907 Funeral Service procedures \"as prescribed by The Grand Lodge of Virginia\"; 1911 bylaws of the Owens Lodge in Norfolk, Virginia; \"Laying of the Cornerstone of St. Andrews Episcopal Church\" by Owen Lodge No. 164 in Norfolk, Virginia 1920 June 30; 1918 February 15 Virginia Masonic Journal Newsletter; February 1917 newsletter \"Atlantic Lodge News\" with an article on William Wilson Galt; The Temple News of Norfolk, Virginia dated 1920 September (Volume 3, Number 9). Includes newspaper clippings about the Masons, William Wilson Galt, and Hugh B. Galt.","Speeches given at the 10th Annual Convention of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association (undated),  and a paper entitled \"Harmony.\"","Manuscript speech on the History of Masonry.  39 pages.","Manuscript address explaining \"certain words and passages of our work that are not very clear in their meaning or application\".   26 pages.","Manuscript speech on the \"source of the Sublime Degree, the foundation of Masonry\".  Gives sources at the end of the paper.  61 pages.","Includes a tribute to William Richard Galt written by James H. Dillard. Originally published in the Southern Churchman, dated 1922 September 25.","Personal papers of William Wilson Galt which include financial material, business correspondence, material as executor of family members' estates, real estate transactions, tax and insurance documents, news clippings, printed and published written material, papers from his time as Navy Paymaster, and his last will and testament. William Wilson Galt joined the Navy about 1877 and served in the Navy for 50 years. He was a Navy Paymaster for most of those years. In 1881, he married Mary Blair Grigsby, daughter of Hugh Blair Grigsby, the Chancellor of William \u0026 Mary from 1871 to 1881.","Calling cards from Galt Family members and others.","Grades for Robert W. Galt and Mary C. Galt during one school session. 1901 tuition invoice to Mrs. J. T. Carr for music lessons on guitar for Hugh Blair Galt.","Newspaper and other clippings collected by William Wilson Galt. Some topics are Norfolk, Florida and the Navy. Some clippings are poems.","Newspaper and other clippings about the Galt Family. Obituaries and articles about Roger H. Galt, William Wilson Galt, William Richard Galt, and others.","Correspondence from the U.S. Navy and related people to William Wilson Galt. Correspondence regarding H. R. Bills 18701 and 19313 about giving officers an option of voluntary retirement. Medical examination material for 1909 and 1910. 1911 October 6 letter transferring his position at the Navy Pay Office to Pay Inspector Harry E. Biscoe and October 18 and 21 letters commanding him for duty as Paymaster of Yard under the command of the Commandant, Navy Yard, Norfolk. 1912 correspondence about receipt of a medal, receipts for a meal, Naval Communication Service invoices and a carbon copy of a letter to Miss Serpell from Arthur P. Ware about a War Department plat. Some of William Wilson Galt's Naval correspondence is also filed in date order in Sub-series 1, Galt Family Correspondence.","Small leather covered daybook which includes daily notations, addresses, and account information.","Insurance invoices.","Includes tombstone inscription and order for tombstone; \"list of books taken from library at Edgehill Oct. 9th, 1884 by Mrs. William Wilson Galt\"; receipts for payments from the estate; 1881 prenuptial contract between Mary Blair Grigsby and W. W. Galt stating that William Wilson Galt will not interfere with the rents and profits of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby; legal documents with Mary Blair Grigsby Galt as one of the executors of her father's estate; accounts of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Leather account book from the Norfolk National Bank with approximately seven pages of accounts relating to the estate of Mary B. Grigsby, which include lists of items, possibly as inventories, under the headings: \"Mary Blair Carrington\", \"For Grove/For Edgehill\", and \"Farming Implements\". Also includes an account of the security stock of the Charlotte Banking and Insurance Company belonging to the estate of Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby.","Invoices of interest payment to Robert R. Prentis on note due Joseph B. Whitehead's estate.","Canceled checks, bank statements, check stub books, deposit slips and bank notes.","Two bank books for Mrs. Mary Blair Galt. Leather notepad wallet moved to Manuscripts Artifact Collection, Mss. 1.03.","Typed list of Galt's expenses when he was a candidate for the House of Delegates. List addressed to the Chairman City Democratic Committee.","Invoices for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Receipts from businesses. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster.","Invoices and receipts for purchases from local businesses and businesses across the country. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes receipts for payments to the City Gas Company of Norfolk, and Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company.","Invoices and receipts for local and world-wide purchases. Many invoices list items purchased. Most of the accounts are for personal purchases, but a few of them may be related to his position as Navy Paymaster. Includes purchase of a guitar for $7.00 in 1900 and a General Catalogue No. 66 from Montgomery Ward \u0026 Co.","Correspondence, receipts and bonds for the Tidewater Mineral and Oil Corporation and Norfolk-Princess Anne Oil Corporation.","William Wilson Galt elected an Honorary Member of St. Johns Masonic Lodge 1908. Carbon copy of a 1911 June 21 letter from William Wilson Galt, as Representative of the United Grand Lodge, to Sir Edward Letchworth, the Grand Secretary of the United Grand Lodge...Freemasons' Hall in England, about the honor conferred upon him. Related Mason material, some about William Wilson Galt, is filed in Sub-Series 3, William R. Galt.","1908 contract for telephone service and a 1916 Virginia State Hunter's License. 1896-1899 insurance records which include a policy, payment receipts of premiums and correspondence.","1881 December 1 Charlotte County, Virginia marriage license between William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair Grigsby with a Minister's Return of Marriage.","William Wilson Galt wrote a poem entitled \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". The poem was printed in various publications and eventually incorporated into a book, also called \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Copies of the poem from various sources, newspaper articles about the poem, and order slips for purchasing the book. Research correspondence and requests for photographs from men who participated in the battle, copyright information and letters from appreciative readers. Some correspondence on the lectures Galt gave on the Battle of Manila Bay.   Note: accounting details from the sale of the book are located with various financial documents as noted on the inventory.","Leather bound diary kept by William Wilson Galt while stationed at Punta de los Cerritos from 1882 April 19-31.","Two certificates of membership for the Navy Relief Society; one for Paymaster W. W. Galt and one for Mrs. William Wilson Galt.","Newspaper clippings about the Navy, Navy personnel, and William Wilson Galt.","Membership material for the Navy Mutual Aid Association, Allotment Check transmissions and Statement of Account for his pay. Leave requests from 1903-1906. 1922 letter exchange with the Judge Advocate General about bonds.","Report \"574 C\" reconciling statement of William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy, Norfolk, Virginia. for 1st quarter of 1896, and Auditor memos from 1913 and 1914.","Clarence N. Howell is an Assistant Chief Clerk in the Paymaster's Office. In 1907, he accuses the Paymaster's Office of misconduct and mismanagement. William Wilson Galt is investigated and the newspapers carry articles about the situation (see news clipping files). Correspondence includes many letters written to William Wilson Galt from creditors of Clarence N. Howell from 1902 to 1907. Includes the official report written by William Wilson Galt where he answers each accusation. Correspondence to and from William Wilson Galt about the accusations. Folder title used by William Wilson Galt.","Receipt slips for navy personnel which include the names of the men.","Chart listing names of men, how many days worked, pay per day, and total pay.","Ledger which is a cash book for the USS. Kentucky (1903-unknown), but also records 1906-1907 sales of \"The Battle of Manila Bay\" on pages 54-63, 89-90. Near the end of the book are entries for the USS Vicksburg from 1902-1903. Loose papers include sheets listing men and their positions on the Boston, the Raleigh, the Baltimore, and other ships. Includes a few paymaster receipts. Printed list of arrival and departure dates and name of ports for the \"Cruise of USS Kentucky\" (1900-1904); 1903 issue of \"The Open Door: Thanksgiving Number\" which includes names of all crew members; 1904 February 20 issue of \"The Open Door\". Correspondence about physical exam before receiving a promotion and other material included.","Correspondence, supply orders, memos, and other supply related material while stationed in Gibraltar, Hong Kong, and Smyrna. Includes a barber bill for 1899 with names of the men, their pay number and rating; 1898 list from the Treasury Department of the \"Values of Foreign Coins\"; handmade card signed by members of the crew entitled \"You May Fire When You are Ready, Gridley, May 1, 1898 to May 1st, 1901\", and a 1898 March 26 letter relieving Galt of duty on the USS Raleigh.","Photo print of \"Genl Dewey\". Receipts from the Grand Hotel in Guatemala, the Kilaneau Volcano House in Hawaii, the Grand Hotel in Yokohama, and the Fujiya Hotel in Miyanoshita. Pamphlet for the Panic Mail Steamship Company Peru with a list of passengers (1902), and receipt for clothing from \"Ah Sing and Co.\" in Shanghai.","Copy of the \"General Service Code\" with homographic signals, typed extract from 1898 May 27 China Daily Press; 1907 January 19 partial issue of Army and Navy Register; list of \"District Joint Communications Visited\"; 1890 pass for W. W. Galt for San Jose De Gu Temala, Central America; 1871 map of Santo Domingo; prospectus pamphlet for the Ostrander Repeating Gun Company, and a pamphlet for the Ostrander Gun.","1898 July 9 order to report to the USS Delmonico; note giving the time of the \"Sword presentations \u0026 c to officers of the Navy\"; 1902 appointment and commission as Pay Inspector in the Navy, with the rank of Commander; 1903 appointment order to be on a \"Navy Examining Board\" and a Congressional Bill (S. 5693) from the 63rd Congress, 2nd Session \"To provide for the promotion of Pay Director William Wilson Galt...to the rank of Rear Admiral in the Pay Corps of the Navy upon his retirement from the service\" (1914). Correspondence in regard to promotions, including letters of recommendations.","Resolutions adopted at the last meeting on 1909 May 1. Two copies of the \"Constitution and List of Members of the Society of Manila Bay\" and a 1920 brochure for the Twenty-Second Annual Banquet at the Army and Navy Club in Washington, DC with signatures on the inside front cover. Tissue paper carbon of a 1926 letter addressed to Captain Dudley N. Carpenter about the May meeting of the Manila Bay Society.","Proposed amendment to House Bill #6616, \"That after completing the prescribed course of four years' instruction at the Naval Academy ... there shall be retained each year for service in the Navy and Marine Corps...only so many as shall equal the number of vacancies...\"","Notes about spheres, torture, Spanish sentence structure and a medicinal formula. Shopping list, a mostly blank small notebook, list of automobile travel expenditures with names of Virginia towns and the vehicle odometer reading, code labeled \"Grimm's Law,\" drawing of a possible boat, drawing of the floor plan of a house and a doodle drawing.","Poems and prose with titles such as \"Our Idyll,\" \"A Prayer\" and \"To One Who Knows\" (1923). Most are handwritten. 1923 typed Christmas poem addressed to Mary Meares from \"Uncle Bill\".","Brochures, pamphlets, sales advertising, \"how to play whist\" pamphlet, postcards, printed poems, recipes, programs, safe driver's manual, \"a Summary History of the Palazzo Dandolo now Royal Hotel Danieli in Venice\" (1896), postcards of Venice, tourist photographs of Venice, an 1894 Missionary Calendar of Prayer, and a 1904 pamphlet Concerning Old Norfolk about Norfolk, Virginia.","Deeds and other legal documents for property in Norfolk, Virginia, Colorado, and Florida.","Scrapbook of newspaper clippings with notes and poems, some by William Wilson Galt, pasted into an account book. Beginning on page 100, accounts for the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby from 1885-1886. Includes loose papers of handwritten poetry, an 1887 map of Alaska, an 1890 broadside for San Salvador and Guatemala, a printed poem \"A Ballad of Manila Bay\" by Timothy Wilfred Oakley and other printed material.","Tax bills and receipts for personal and property taxes.","Typed carbon copy of the Last Will and Testament of William Wilson Galt dated 1927 August 11.","Certificate dated 1878 January 25,  appointing William Wilson Galt as Assistant Paymaster of the Navy, signed by Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States, and R.W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1881 October 15, appointing William Wilson Galt as Passed Assistant Paymaster with the relative rank of Master, signed by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, and  William H. Hunt, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1893 September 26, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the relative rank of Lieutenant, signed by Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, and H. A. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1899 March 3, appointing William Wilson Galt as Paymaster of the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy. Certificate dated 1901 February 19, assigning William Wilson Galt as number one in the Rank of List of Paymasters in the Navy for Extraordinary Heroism, signed by William McKinley, President of the United States, and John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate dated 1902 April 10, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Inspector of the Navy with the rank of Commander, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Moody, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate, dated 1903 December 2, appointing William Wilson Galt as Pay Director of the Navy, signed by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and William H. Wood, Secretary of the Navy.  Certificate of Membership in the Society of Manila Bay for William Wilson Galt, USS Raleigh, signed by George Dewey, Commodore US Navy, undated.    Picture and roster of the members of the Society of Manila Bay who attended the banquet at Admiral Dewey's resident in Washington, DC on 1914 May 1.  Photograph is very fragile and rolled.  All certificates are loosely rolled.","Includes individual items for Susie Galt, Carrington G. Galt, Herbert Randolph Galt, Mary Carrington Galt and Robert W. Galt, plus newspaper clippings about various family members and homes.","Correspondence, mostly regarding genealogy of the Galt Family, plus her files on the Galt Family genealogy.","Correspondence to Mamie Garland and her father Maurice Garland about the Galt Family with some general letters and invitations from members of the Galt Family.","Correspondence to Mary \"Mamie\" Garland about the Galt Family with some personal correspondence with friends and family and business correspondence in relation to her jobs at the Valentine Museum and the Richmond Public Library.","Charts, notes, news clippings, and correspondence about Galt Family genealogy.","Empty envelopes, blank greeting cards and blank notepaper.","Some items were moldy when accessioned. They have been boxed separately and are currently unavailable to the public.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Letters to Mary Blair Grigsby Galt from her husband, William Wilson Galt. 3 letters.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Small notebook with two pages of accounts.","These documents are in conservation and unavailable to the public. Speeches, reports, and poem about the Masons.","1809 property tax bill, and 1808 letter from Lewis Stuart of Greenbrier.","These papers mainly deal with Hugh Blair Grigsby's business and family in Charlotte County, Virginia. Includes some early family papers, deeds and correspondence. The papers were accessioned as a group of loose papers and a group of file folders in a wooden box. In organizing these papers, this original grouping has been kept. The loose papers are arranged alphabetically by subject, then the papers in the wooden box are also arranged alphabetically by subject. There is an overlap.","15 business or calling cards with Hugh Blair Grigsby's signature.","Letter from Annie Christian to Mrs. Anne Fleming about Indian attacks and related troubles, plus her desire to be in Botetourt County, dated 1780 April 1. Hugh Blair Grigsby collected her letters. Most of the letters are housed in the Hugh Blair Grigsby Papers at the Virginia Historical Society.","1842 letter has a note \"The only piece of the handwriting of my mother that I possess.\" 1840 letter deals with results of the presidential election, 1841 letter to his wife about his visit to Norfolk, Virginia; undated response to a complaint by Joseph Caldwell; 1855 letter regarding his purchase of \"Pocohantas\"; undated letter from Mary Blair Grigsby Galt to her Mother; undated letter to Mrs. Grigsby at Edgehill from \"Cousin P. E. R.\"","1881 receipt from John E. Holt. Agreement of Partition between H. Carrington Grigsby and William Wilson Galt and Mary Blair his wife, dated January 24, 1882. February 8, 1882 agreement between Mrs. M. V. Grigsby, administratrix of the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby from Thomas Word.","Receipts, invoices, accounts and business correspondence relating to items purchased for home, business and farm.  Includes an 1828-1831 account sheet for money received and money expended, requests for loans from neighbors, bond material, and a small book, \"Account of John E. Holt\" from 1869-1879.  Two accounts were grouped separately when accessioned and have been grouped separately in the back of this folder:  Accounts with W. H. Smith from 1875-1882 and Accounts with John E. Holt and J. W. Eggleston from 1869-1881.","Account book for family and farm expenses and payments from 1887-1896. Does not include an index, but names of people and merchants are noted on each page. One small \"daily\" notebook with financial information, undated. Bank book from \"Exchange National Bank in Norfolk\" with entries from 1871-1880.","Notes on the early history of Virginia and a tribute written \"to the memory of my father the Rev. Benjamin Porter Grigsby\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby.","Small group of papers belonging to Mary Venable Grigsby, the wife of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Circa 1829 letter from a friend in Richmond, Virginia; a calling card; an 1882 application for life insurance; two undated letters from her son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby (one while at Hampden-Sydney College); undated letter from her sister.","Plats, deeds and related material for land in Charlotte County. Includes a 1736 survey by William Westbrook with notes on \"Booker Survey\"; 1793 survey for Thomas Read; Edward Fitzgerald deed to Hugh B. Grigsby; 1870 survey of the \"Low Grounds of Edgehill\" by Thomas F. Petters, correspondence on land bought from the Cardwell Family (1870's and 80's) and more.","1839 deed from George Garraway to Edward Fitzgerald for land on East Street; 1855 deed from Rosina Karcher to Simon S. Stubbs for property on Main Street; 1858 deed from Hugh B. Grigsby to Charles B. Duffield for property on East Street.","List of items taxed for 1879 and Grigsby's copy of the letter sent when paying bill.","Handwritten copy of an indenture, 1859 April 2, in the \"City of Williamsburg between Hugh Blair Grigsby...in his own behalf and in behalf of his infant son, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, of his infant nephews, Hugh Grigsby Whitehead, Henry Colgate Whitehead, John Boswell Whitehead, Jr., Holbrook Whitehead and Park Lewis Poindexter, and of his nieces Cornelia Grigsby, Irwin, Jr, Billie Poindexter and Mary Irwin...and the President and Masters or professors of William \u0026 Mary in Virginia...a certificate of debt...of One Thousand dollars bearing six per cent interest per annum payable half yearly to have and to hold.... Copy of signatures of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Benjamin S. Ewell. Paragraph in the indenture explains why he is listing his son, nieces and nephews on the document. Document from Benjamin S. Ewell that states \"whereas the late Hugh Blair Grigsby...endow in said college, 'The Chancellor Scholarship\" with his bond, dated 1881 January 18. 1881 Resolution from the Convocation of the Board of Visitors and Governors of William \u0026 Mary in memory of the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby, LL. D.","Handwritten poems, a hymn, a shopping list, published tributes to Hugh Blair Grigsby at his death, printed sheets of the hymn written by Hugh B. Grigsby in 1877, and two copies of pamphlet Lines, to my Daughter on her Fourteenth Birthday, privately printed in Norfolk. 1881 May 20 Richmond Dispatch clipping with a poem, \"Lines: Suggested by the Death of Hon. Hugh Blair Grigsby, April 28, 1881,\" \"Hymn written on the morning of the 22d of November 1877, when I entered my seventy-second year\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby and \"A Sonnet on Spring\" from Farmville.","Deeds, surveys and plats of land in Charlotte County. Names on documents include Joel Watkins, Brooks Becker, Thomas H. Spencer and William L. Morton.","Nine 1861 confederate certificates at 8 per cent and four 1864 confederate bonds at 4 per cent.","Handwritten  letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby to Mr. Grinnan of Orange County, Virginia about the Porter Family genealogy and Grigsby Family genealogy.  Stamped envelope included.","Receipts, accounts, agreements, invoices, and correspondence for bank business, personal loans, bonds, and purchases.","Receipts for purchase and sale of slaves by the Whitehead and Grigsby families in Charlotte County and Norfolk, Virginia.  Slave names included:  Louisa, Richard, Emanual, Elexena and her three children Jenny, Fanny and \"blank\", Virginia and Richard and Rachal and child Diana.","1856 document electing Hugh Blair Grigsby as a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and an 1861 letter inviting him to a meeting of the Massachusetts Historical Society.","Agreement on rental or use of farm property.","Handwritten and printed poetry. One poem, \"Life's Latest Pleasures\" was written when Grigsby was 85 years old. Includes 1867 poem, \"Lines to Hugh Blair Grigsby, L.L.D, President of the Virginia Historical Society\" by Emma Early.","Includes 1779 January 14 plat and description of land which was part of the estate of Thomas Watkins and part of the tract of land owned by Beverly Randolph in Charlotte County, 1805 deed from Joel Watkins to Clement Carrington, 1862 letter from John McPhail sending \"old deeds pertaining to the Edgehill Estate,\" 1878 survey for \"T. N. Jones and Catlet\" to sell the lands of W. Cardwell in Charlotte County, 1879 deed where Robert Catlet sells the Cardwell land to Hugh Blair Grigsby, 1887 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and H. Carrington Grigsby transferring Edgehill tract to H. Carrington Grigsby, 1905 sketch of the \"lines between the farms of Carrington Grigsby and J. Flood Morton as agreed upon by them and established by J. D. Morton\", and an undated survey description of land on the Little Roanoke River.","Papers concerning the lawsuit between Pugh and Cardwell which centered on land that Grigsby wanted to purchase.  Includes deeds, financial information and property related documents.  The land belonged William Cardwell and Thomas Cardwell.","Papers concerning the purchase of the William W. Read property which adjoined Edgehill. Includes deed of sale, correspondence and notes. Appears that Read refused to sell the property after he had agreed in writing to the sale.","List of personal property which included 42 slaves above the age of 16, 9 slaves aged 12-16 years old, 21 horses, 1 piano, 1 gold watch, 1 carriage, stock shares and $125 in value of silver plate.","1872 letter written by H.C. Grigsby to Miss Margaret Venable about boarding at her house when he visits Hampden-Sidney and 1875 letter from H. Carrington Grigsby to \"Cousin Mag\" sending his regards.","Papers of Hugh Carrington Grigsby, which also includes some material for his sister, Mary Blair Grigsby before and after her marriage to William Wilson Galt.   Hugh Carrington Grigsby resided at Edgehill in Charlotte County, Virginia.  His papers concern family matters, such as the estate of his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, business affairs of the family and relationships with his sister Mary Blair Grigsby, William Wilson Galt and other relatives who lived in Charlotte County and elsewhere.  Even though he invited many ladies to local events, often with the collusion of friends, he never married.  He was engaged to Mary H. Holt in 1897 but she evidently broke the engagement because she loved someone else.  Many letters deal with the local community regarding farming, money, local politics, clubs, and more.  After his Father's death, Hugh Carrington Grigsby slowly becomes more involved in the local community.  Letters from his Mother express concern about his welfare, opinions on family matters, reports of her daily routines and advice.","Correspondents include Mary B. Grigsby (sister), Paulus A. Irving (friend) and Hugh Blair Grigsby (father). Mary B. Grigsby asks for advice on how to dress and how to behave when she visits him, probably at Hampton-Sydney College in 1876.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include his father Hugh Blair Grigsby, his sister Mary B. Grigsby, and other family members and friends. W. Irving Taylor writes about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby. John Whitehead, Carrington's uncle, sends a letter from Mr. Brock who asks for the original minutes of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of William and Mary which should be with his Father's papers. Family letters often concern Hugh Blair Grigsby's death and estate. Other letters offer condolences on the death of Hugh Blair Grigsby. Lucie Knight and Alice Marrow write concerning invitations from Carrington Grigsby.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. W. G. Morton asks to buy a Revolutionary War flint lock gun, Nina Bouldin solicits donations for a library at the Mt. Pisgah Academy. Letters from brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, J. B. Whitehead, Rev. J. J. Kirkpatrick, and others. Includes draft of a letter from H.C. Grigsby to R. C. Reid where he states that Reid was out of line to publically correct him, letter from B. Johnson Barbour who wants an interview about Hugh Blair Grigsby, letters from W.P. Dye and others about farming and livestock practices, letters from neighbors and friends extending invitations, letter from Robert Armistead of Richmond, Virginia about purchases made by Mary Galt, and a letter from A. E. T. Bradford about a \"J. W. Madison\" desk given to Hugh Blair Grigsby which was to be returned to him after Hugh Blair Grigsby's death.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  Miss Alice Murrow accepting an invitation, Louise Carrington, great grandson of John Grigsby A.B. McCorkle, relative J. B. Whitehead, mother Mary V. Grigsby, sister Mary G. Galt, cousin B.A. White), neighbor J. W. Morton, and cousin Louise Carrington. Includes letters from Mary G. Galt to her mother, a letter from Cousin Thomas B. Venable to Mrs. Mary Grigsby about a portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, family letters concerning his father's estate, invitations from F. H. Bouldin and other neighbors, replies from invitations to young ladies, letter about membership in Aspin Grove Range, and letters concerning the price of corn and other farm items.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby, Carrington's mother, is living with different relatives after the death of her husband.","Includes family, friend, and business correspondence. Correspondents include:  brother-in-law William Wilson Galt, cousin John B. Whitehead, sister Mary G. Galt, Lucy A. Priddy asking for a loan, cousin J. C. Carrington, friend and old neighbor J. W. Morton,  Miss M. G. Nowlins, L. H. Hayes regarding horses, Miss S. A. Boswell with an invitation to church, an invitation from Mrs. McKelway, a driving invitation from Jennie Watkins, cousin Nellie Watkins, Alice Marrow regarding a visit, and cousin Louise Carrington.   Includes a letter from W. H. Grigsby in Washington, DC about reviewing an enclosed crayon portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby, letter from Lyon G. Tyler asking for any correspondence between Hugh Blair Grigsby and President Tyler for his research on President Tyler, letters from neighbors about escaped sheep and a loan, letters from young ladies and a letter from a local farmer J. E. Holt to Mrs. Grigsby about his family and farming.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations and wedding announcements. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Charles Deane of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Louise Carrington, Emmett M. Dickson and other friends and relatives. Includes letters of introduction by friends for Carrington Grigsby to use during a visit to Kentucky, letter from Mrs. Louise Leigh (cousin) with a note on the back by Carrington about his friendship with her and how he'll miss talking with her now that she is married, a poem by Miss Bigalow, a letter from W. H. Grigsby about a crayon likeness of Hugh Blair Grigsby, an analysis of \"Vivorilla Guano\" and a copy of his letter to Mrs. Reuben (Virginia) Grigsby Chandler. Mary V. Grigsby's letters relate her daily routines and visits plus she gives advice to Carrington.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence, invitations, and wedding announcements. Correspondents include:  Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, Mary Bolling, Charles Deane, Marie Shepperdson, John Whitehead, C.T . Hanson, P. R. Carrington about the Carrington genealogy, cousin Henrietta McCormick of Chicago, T. R. Rogers, S. W. Morton, Marianne E. Skelton, and Pattie Finch. Includes a handwritten program for a local \"musical soiree\" at Mrs. Kate McKelway's home, letter from Frank G. Ruffin who wants copy of Hugh Blair Grigsby's address to the Virginia Convention about the Federal constitution, notes from neighbors about oats and nails, letter from Boylan Green about a new debating society, and letters from extended family members about genealogy.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mary V. Grigsby, M. L. Nowlin,  G. T. Hersfelt, Mary E. Bollings, cousin John Whitehead, Miss Bigelow, and W. M. Cary. Includes 1884 invitation to Hampton Sidney College's graduation, letter from Sheriff C.V. Marshall appointing Carrington as one of the commissioners to view proposed new road, invitation to 1884 leap year party, letter from B. Johnston Barbour about one of Hugh Blair Grigsby's addresses, and letter electing Grigsby as delegate to represent the Walton Magistrate District at the Democratic convention in Roanoke.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby continues to give advice and talk of her daily routine and health.  William Wilson Galt mentions that he may be sent to Europe.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mary G. Galt, William Wilson Galt , Mrs. Grigsby, Miss Willie Garland, and other family members, friends, and business acquaintances. Includes invitations to local functions and homes, thank you notes for books, notes from Peachy Gilmer, Miss Jeffress and other female friends, note from Dr. Thackston about teeth and dentist problems, Lillian Lee genealogy, and letter from Mrs. G. P. Rice telling him bluntly that she will not congratulate him on his appointment to the Russian Delegation.  Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby has further serious health problems.","Includes family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: J. D. Shepperson, cousin Annie Read, Victor Murguiondo, William Wilson Galt, W. W. Glasgow, Charles Deane, Mary B. Grigsby Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and others. Includes invitations to the \"jois de Vie\", copy of letter from Carrington to his Mother while he was visiting White Sulphur Springs, responses from lady friends, letters of introductions, letters concerning ladies (one letter from H.H. Booker telling Carrington that a certain young lady was \"at church\" today), letters about genealogy, letters from neighbors about farming matters, letter fom J. D. Shepperson about helping with a negro club, and letter from William W. Glasgow about the changes in Virginia and \"the race of true Virginians.\" William Wilson Galt writes about his family's move into a new home and business/land dealings that concern the Grigsby Family. John Whitehead writes about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate.  Mary B.Grisby Galt tells of her growing family and activities.  Mrs. Galt is staying with friends.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Correspondents include: Mrs. L. Carrington, William Wilson Galt, Mrs. Grigsby, John Whitehead, and others. Mrs. L. Carrington asks for a loan in a flowery letter. William Wilson Galt relates financial information and family affairs . Letter from a Mrs. Crampton (?) who wants her son to receive some education and asks Carrington to ask Mr. Galt about Navy prospects, reply from William Galt about the Navy and about a lady \"prospectz' for Carrington. Mrs. Grigsby's eyes are not doing well. She appears to be living with the Galt Family. Miss Maria Davison about genealogy of the Ross Family. W. S. Morton complains about two loose colts.","Family, friend, and business correspondence. Mr. P. B. Price wants to publish a Hampton Sydney address by Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Farming related correspondence about prices, orders, and more.  William Wilson Galt writes about selling Main Street house, family affairs, and Mrs. Grigsby.  Letters and replies to invitations from ladies, plus a letter from P. Morison who writes, \"I should prefer not going out with you...I go with are usually college boys and the younger Seminary students in whom I feel some special interest...\"  Kate Bigelow writes about her teaching job and \"if I see or know of any one whom I think will suit you, I will certainly remember you\".  W. T. Ewell writes from William \u0026 Mary about the bond deeded to William \u0026 Mary by Hugh Blair Grigsby and the portrait of Hugh Blair Grigsby.  Invitations from neighbors.  Lottie Carrington sells seven of a dozen of autographed letters from George Washington for $25 each, and is trying to locate some of the other letters that belong to her.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Johnson sends a journal article, Lizzie J. Hunt requests a buggy ride to the court house, William Wilson Galt writes about Grigsby business and the Main Street House, J. W. Hooper  and others want to see Hugh Blair Grigsby's papers from Hampden  Sidney, business letters about farming and banking, Miss Lulie Watkins prays that he meant it when he said he wanted to accept Jesus and explains the plan of Salvation, Nancy Stuart requests his picture for a young lady, Mrs. Grigsby writes of her personal and family affairs and lectures him on other matters, relatives and friends appear to be concerned that he's not married yet, W. W. Read warns about a tenant and  J. D. Griselin requests Hugh Blair Grigsby's letters for Miss Sallie Tazewell who is republishing a series of her father's letters.","Family, friend and business correspondence. Cousin Bettie Gaines has organized a female reading club and is still teaching, Major Gaines reports that Col. Whitehead has nominated Gaines to the State Board of Agriculture, Mrs. Viola Minor asks for beef steak \"I wanted to ask you this but could not summon up courage\", and other correspondence from neighbors and relatives who write of family and local news, the illness of his Mother, and send replies or requests to invitations for visits or functions. Telegram from his Mother about the birth of Robert Ware Galt, son of Mary Blair Grigsby and William Wilson Galt. Appears that Mrs. Grigsby is staying at Edgehill during the later part of the year where friends and neighbors care for her. Letters from \"cousins\" suggest that he is leading a boring and dull life and sympathize that he cannot find a companion, though there are many notes about \"dates\" with ladies. Cousin Berta Lackey writes in February of a horse and carriage accident that injured her, about not knowing what love is and implies there might be something going on between the two of them but in March she writes \"I will ever regard you with the cousinly interest that first led me to address a letter to you\". She later writes more letters, mentioning going to Richmond to get a fragment of bone removed due to her carriage accident. Her writing style is Victorian and her subject matter introspective and analytical. She is a teacher and lives near Lexington, Virginia. By the end of the year, after meeting Carrington and his family in both Lexington and Richmond, the \"relationship\" seems to be completely platonic. A Mrs. Minor and her daughter, Viola, write to Mrs. Grigsby about an incident at Edgehill where the daughter was either renting rooms or staying as a housekeeper. Evidently Carrington Grigsby became enraged by an incident, suggesting Viola did something dishonest, but Mrs. Minor has found that no one else is surprised by his behavior, and her children are raised to be honest people.","There are only five letters for 1889. William Wilson Galt writes about financial issues and Annie Read writes to Mrs. Grigsby about the death of her father. Includes a bond from Mary V. Grigsby to Carrington Grigsby.","There are only five letters for 1890. Three letters are addressed to Mrs. Mary V. Grigsby from friends and relatives. The other letters to Carrington concern selling stock.","Seven letters, mostly dealing with stock and other financial matters. Lizzie Nash offers condolences on the death of a family member, but is unclear who died.","Four letters. Includes a request for apples by Cousin Annie Read, the selling of Carrington's tobacco by Moss, Eanes and Gills, and matters about Hugh Blair Grigsby's estate from John Whitehead.","Five items. Includes letters from neighbors, William Wilson Galt and a bond between Carrington Grigsby, Dr. McPhail, and H. L. Smith.","Letters about farming, requests for Hugh Blair Grigsby's writings, and personal and family finances. Includes a list of books with the number of volumes in each set, a letter from Dr. A. S. Priddy requesting Carrington's recommendation to Walter H. Taylor for the open position at Eastern Virginia Hospital, and letters from a woman friend who is upset that Carrington will not reply to her letters. Members of the Read family, cousins to Carrington, write about different local and personal matters.","Correspondence with businesses, family and friends. Includes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns, business matters such as price of crops and farming items and a request for farming items for the \"Cotton States and International Exposition,\"   Ms. Blair of Walnut Grove, a regular correspondent in other years, continues to write of local events. William Wilson Galt continues as executor of the estates of both Hugh Blair and Mary Venable Grigsby, and Uncle John Carrington appears to manage other aspects of Carrington's finances. S. D. Morton writes about the low salaries of local teachers and requests Carrington's opinion and Richard Gaine asks him to attend a meeting to discuss county affairs. The William Wilson Galt family moved into a new house in Norfolk which he calls #1 Grigsby Place. Miss Nellie Daniel continues to write and issue invitations for visits. He receives requests for copies of his Father's addresses, and even requests for books from the library.","Includes financial matters such as bonds, stock quotes and family concerns and business matters such as price of crops and farming items. Mary B. Galt writes about her visit with the Galt Family plus asks Carrington to check on Miss Ada at The Grove, nephew Will Galt writes his first letter to \"Uncle Carrington\", Cousin Emma Early writes about her family in Texas, Nannie Daniel continues writing about books, local events, and invites Carrington to visit with the caveat that he better come and stay longer.P. G. Miller, clerk of Court in Goochland County, requests Grigsby genealogical information. The Shepperson and Read families continue to write and extend invitations. Mr. Shepperson writes that he found Carrington's colt dead in the stable.   R. C. Winthrop, Jr. writes that his father's estate includes 114 letters from Hugh Blair Grigsby and over 100 letters written by his father to Hugh Blair Grigsby which were given to his father by Carrington. He suggests that this collection should be kept together, possibly at the Virginia Historical Society. He plans to have the collection arranged chronologically and bound. Joseph Bryan, President of the Virginia Historical Society, writes about the potential loan/gift.","Five letters. N. Daniel invites him to the Presbytery at Bethlehem on the 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th. Dr. A. Duane of New York answers Carrington's query about his eye problems with a possible diagnosis and treatments. Sue Wainwright writes two letters that suggest they may have an interest in each other, but questions why he is always too busy.","Carrington has \"the grippe\" in January and his eyes continue to bother him. On January 9, W. W. Galt writes from Arabia that \"probably about this time...you will have left the estate of 'single blessedness' and will have settled down\". But other letters from family and friends during this time period do not mention a wedding and he appears to be unmarried due to his activities. Mary B. Galt writes often to Carrington, giving news of her family, William Wilson Galt and his navy travels and the Galt family in Norfolk. Uncle John Carrington continues to send financial accountings. One note from Carrington to Uncle John discusses a misunderstanding about money owed. In January and February, Carrington prepares for a visit to Norfolk, writing the Carringtons and Galts about his plans. Annie Galt of Williamsburg, Virginia suggests he come when the weather is nicer. Emma Early Stringfellow, a cousin from Texas, scolds him for never answering her letters. Cousin Maggie Venable asks for a donation to help build a Presbyterian Church in Lawrenceville. J. Morton White of the William \u0026 Mary Quarterly tells of their intention to publish the life of Hugh Blair Grigsby in the February issue and requests any information he can send. Topics once again include the sale of tobacco and other farm items plus business correspondence concerning the farm, banking and stocks. Includes a membership card to the Merrimac Club for twenty days. Beginning in late 1896 and early 1897, many business letters are typed rather than handwritten.","Cousin Kate Flournoy asks if Carrington has a picture of Colonel William Cabell and DC Jackson writes a full description of a carriage and phaeton he is selling and various relatives and business write of farm and local matters. A list \"Patrons of Miss K. Boyds' School\" is included. Carrington Grigsby met, courted and then became engaged to Miss Mary H. Boyd in 1897. She is a teacher, possibly at the Shepperson home. By December 13, something occurred and the engagement was ended. Correspondence from friends, family, and Miss Boyd. Mary B. Galt writes that she would not \"call on Miss M. Hugh Blair because it would be premature.\" On November 10, Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes \"I am truly delighted that she has at last decided positively...and I have written her a real nice sisterly note\". Miss Boyd writes, \"Thank you for what you said in regard to my fine judgement. I promise you that all of my influence (if I have any) shall be used in your behalf.\" Cousin Emma Lou Stringfellow writes to Mary H. Boyd in which she says \"I know he is one of nature's best nobleman...\" and gives many other attributes of Carrington. The December 13 breakup letter from Mary H. Boyd says, \"if I could have been launched in to matrimony on the high-tide of my feelings...all would have been well but those things that have broken my dream of yours...frightened and chilled me and I cannot find it in my heart to forgive the fate that makes it so\". John Whitehead writes, \"I presume...the estrangement is permanent...there are thousands of lovely ladies in Virginia.\" Some undated letters from Miss Boyd are at the end of the folder. Mrs. Cynthia B. T. Coleman of Williamsburg answers a letter from Carrington about purchasing two chairs belonging to her Uncle William Randolph. She jokes that she barely has two hundred cents much less $200 to buy them. She notes \"if Randolfhians is at such a premium I think I had better make my fortune selling off my silver and glass that he brought with him from England. Poor as I am I think I will keep these treasures and hand them down to my children's children.\"","Letter from Mary Boyd to Carrington discussing the breakup, the rumors around Smithville and how well he is behaving like a \"manly man.\" A draft of a letter from Carrington to Mary Boyd about the termination of their engagement. Other relatives and friends give him support after the termination, especially John Whitehead, Nancy Daniel and Cousin Stringfellow. Nancy Daniel notes that Mary Boyd only wanted \"to carry on a fliration...and she did not love any body but Mr. F.\" Miss Shewall tells of seeing Mary Boyd with Cabell Flourney and they might be engaged.   Nancy Daniel continues to write letters asking why he doesn't write or visit often, suggesting he thinks she is uninteresting and wanting to know all about his activities, especially with ladies. Emily Christian from William and Mary asks if he wants a subscription to The William and Mary Quarterly. Mary B. Galt is in Presbyterian Hospital in New York because of possible heart problems. Walter Anderson asks about his Blair Family ancestors. Langhorne Crosby is desperate to know if \"Willie Galt\" is all right since he is in Manila. Sue Wainwright writes, \"When you get this - I will have left Charlotte - I am too sick at heart to write - goodby - God bless you.\" T. P. Wilson responds to his query about how to kill tobacco worms. Samuel Hannah apologises, asks forgiveness and explains what happened when he stopped by Mrs. Galt's house after he'd had too much to drink. Includes correspondence about farm crops and implements, business transactions and local and family matters with invitations from family and local residents. Includes a November 3 letter from William Wilson Galt in Jamaica to Mrs. Mary B. Galt, list of Kathryn Boyd's patrons for 1898 and a letter from Mrs. Mary B. Galt saying her husband has returned from Manila.","Three letters. Two letters written for Beverly Thomas asking for an extension for a payment for land and one note requesting flour.","1900 Mrs. Mary B. Galt writes that her son, Hugh, is better but \"I don't want him to return to Wm \u0026 Mary at all, for I don't believe they can get decent food there at all.\" Samuel Read asks how he can obtain a copy of \"History of South Side Virginia\" by Hugh Blair Grigsby. Nannie Daniel writes \"You seem to have quite a fondness for widows. Now there are four...I think it is time you were getting married...some one said you were in love with yourself and would never love any body else.\" Mary B. and William Wilson Galt have a new son named Carrington Grigsby Galt. Carrington is a member of the State Board of Agriculture. He still receives letters from friends who tell him about ladies visiting the area. The Virginia Historical Society asks him about some newspapers that he had talked about giving to them. Mary B. Galt speaks of Miss Nannie who is looking after the children and wishes that Carrington was living such a family life. Includes letters from relatives and neighbors. Appears that he is helping some of his poorer relations and neighbors. Includes correspondence about farm purchases such as seeds, fertilizer and machinery and selling farm products. 1908 Correspondence 2 letters. Philip Alexander Bruce about his work on the early history of Virginia and Mrs. Kate B. Page of Danville accepts a request for Carrington to visit her at Edwins.","Mainly personal letters from family and friends, but also business correspondence about the farm and Edgehill. Invitations, acceptances, family news and local news. Includes letters from Mary B. Galt, Kathryn Boyd, Shepperson Family, Read Family, Mary Scott about teaching James, a price list and catalogue for Fanny Clark \u0026 Co's in Connecticut, rough draft of Carrington's letter to Mrs. Deane and the \"By-laws Governing the Joie de Vie Club of Charlotte\".","Correspondence and accounts with banks and uncle John Whitehead about the estate. An inventory of Edgehill with value assigned, a list and division of the plaster casts and busts, a list and division of house linens, an inventory list entitled \"Odds\" and a statement of \"cost of sale of real estate property\". A power of attorney document where Mary V. Grigsby appoints John C. Williams her attorney.","Ledger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees. Includes index.","Ledger of expenses of Edgehill and salaries of employees.  Includes a loose leaf account sheets for 1888 with personal expenses noted.","Small book with personal accounts. Many entries relate to money transactions with friends, neighbors and relatives.","Ten small memoranda account books. These small pads were probably carried with him as he did his daily business. He records business dealings, cost of farm related items and a few personal notes or reminders.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Mostly accounts for Hugh Carrington Grigsby, but some accounts for Mary Blair Grigsby. Includes invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby. Includes a February 4, 1897 receipt from The Colonial Hotel in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Invoices for household items, farm equipment, horses, livestock, crop items, physicians, apothecaries, and food items; receipts for sale of tobacco, cattle, and other commodities; ledger accounts from local businesses; checks and receipts from banks in Smithville, Virginia and Norfolk, Virginia; financial business correspondence, and bonds, requests, payments, and receipts from local men and women who were lent money by Carrington Grigsby.","Ledger sheets for accounts with T. J. Berry, who appears to be a metal worker.  Other accounts and invoices for T. J. Berry may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Ledger sheets for accounts with W. T. Faris, who appears to be an owner of a general store. Other accounts and invoices for W. T. Faris may be included in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Ledger sheets for accounts with H. M. Smith and Company, which appears to be a grocery and general store.  Many other invoices for H. M. Smith and Company are filed in the chronological \"Finances - Accounts\" folders.","Three bank check stub books and one page of a saving book account with Franklin Savings Bank.","List of securities in safe at Charlotte Bank Insurance Company.","Correspondence, invoices and contracts about stocks and bonds. 25 or more stock certificates for \"Florence Railroad and Improvement Company\" purchased in 1888.","Personal Property and other tax bills and payments. Some years involve the estates of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Blair Grigsby. Includes a 1897 list of taxable property.","1892 certificate as an active member of the Smithville Democratic Club; 1895 notices to \"Tax Payers of Charlotte County, Virginia\" from a committee charged with reviewing the county budget of which Carrington was a member; 1900 printed list of committees for the \"Laying of the Cornerstone of the Confederate Monument\" of which Carrington was on the Executive Committee .","Invoices, receipts, correspondence, and policies for property and life insurance.  Some material on the life insurance policies of Hugh Blair Grigsby and Mary V. Grigsby, with the policy documents for Mary V. Grigsby.  Includes insurance policy transfers from William L. Nelson to Carrington Grigsby and  John B. Holt to Carrington Grigsby, both in 1882.","Small notepad listing items from the Grigsby Family by category, then by Mr. Grigsby and Mrs. Galt.  Appears to be a division of the estate of Hugh Blair and Mary V. Grigsby.","Two small daily journals with entries about daily activities and genealogy notes.","Includes hand drawn plot of Cumberland Street Property in Norfolk, Virginia from 1889; purchase documents with the Grottoes Company for villa lots at Shendun, Virginia; 1899 deed between Beverly and Alice Thomas and H.C. Marshall for land originally purchased by Beverly and Alice Thomas from Carrington Grigsby and Mary B. Galt; 1893 deed between Mary V. Grigsby and Hugh Carrington Grigsby where she gives him Edgehill in Charlotte County as collateral for a debt of Lelia B. Walker.","There is some overlapping in the financial and correspondence papers. Contains bonds, notes, road surveys, merchant's license for operating a dry goods and grocery story, license for \"standing\" a jack (mule) and a stallion, $15,080 note with William Wilson Galt, a farming contract with Tazewell Taylor, administrator papers for Mary and Louisa Cooper and an appointment to survey the lands of William W. Read.","Broadside announcement of the \"Resolutions of Respect in the memory of Judge Wood Bouldin\" which were passed at a \"meeting of the citizens of Charlotte County, Court Day, November 6th, 1876.\" Broadsides for farm machinery, \"Spring Hill Nursery\" in Prospect, Virginia, \"Greensboro Nurseries\" in Greensboro, North Carolina, tobacco, chemicals, bookstores, kettles, and manure. March 1900 flyer for the Southern Historical Association, price list for plows from \"Charles E. Hunter\" in Richmond, Virginia; how-to cards from \"A.H. Patch\" of Clarksville, Tennessee, two copies of Volume II, No. 11, 1891 March 14 \"Knowledge, a Weekly Magazine\", reprint of \"Use and Abuse of the Obstetric Forceps,\" and flyer with prices from tobacco to groceries for \"Sublett \u0026 Cary\" General Commission Merchants.","1876 article on Lord Botetourt, undated article \"Bowie of Alamo Fame\" and an 1896 page from \"The Sun\" in New York.","List of months and their flowers and meanings, 1879 April 13 love poem, paper on Algernon Sidney (paper may possibly be by Hugh Blair Grigsby), 1870 paper entitled \"Education.\"","Material that could not be definitely associated with either the Grigsby or Galt Family.","Blank Valentine greeting card and empty envelopes from Cassiday and Thorp, Iroquois Club of San Diego California, and Vaughan's Seed Store in New York.","Newspaper clippings, mostly with events in Williamsburg, Virginia but some historical and society news.","Includes a drawing of a bookshelf, financial estimates, costs of materials, illegible address of Richard Henry, handwritten poetry in various handwritings, and an essay on religion.","Includes news clippings; a printed John Knox poem, a program of \"The Little Duke\" performed in at the Broad Street Theatre in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1879-80; a pamphlet \"Ode Commemorating the Entrance of the Hon. Horace Binney on his Ninety-Third Year\" dated 1872 January 4 and printed in Norfolk, Virginia; 1939 brochure by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities \"Pocahontas Bright Stream Between Two Hills\", and two other pamphlets for Jamestown Island, 1941 and undated.","These photographs have been grouped by Galt Family, Grigsby Family, provenance unknown. Includes a few tintypes and daguerreotypes.","Galt Family Photographs","\n*Dimensions range from 5\"x7\" to 6\"x9\"","Galt House in Williamsburg, 20th Century","Dicky Galt, CSA","Maurice Hamner Garland","Lucy B. Galt Garland (2)","Herbert Randolph Galt","Eva Galt","Lucy Galt","Landon Cabell Garland","Herbert Galt Garland (2)","William Wilson Galt in uniform, formal pose","Mary Meares Galt, Betty Ashe Galt, Rogers H. Galt, Jr., and John Meares Galt","Mary Ware Galt (2)","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt","Unknown Subject","Dimensions average, 4\"x6\"","Postcard of Will Galt","Alfred Galt (?)","Annie Alexina Galt","Bettie Galt","Elizabeth Ash Galt","Elizabeth Welsh Galt","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt","Hugh Carrington Galt","James S. Galt","John Mears Galt","Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","Mary Carrington Galt","Mary Mears Galt","Mary Williams Ware Galt (wife of William Richard Galt)","Robert Ware Galt","Rogers H. Galt, Jr.","Susan Duane Galt","William Richard Galt","William Richard Galt, Jr.","William Wilson Galt","*Group Photographs:","Miss Mary Ware Galt and Mrs. Mary Ware Galt","Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Mary Eggleston, C. C. Field, William Wilson Galt, Mary Blair Galt, and Mary C. Ward","Betsy and Germaine Minson Galt","Betsy Andrews, Thomas Randolph, and James Minson","Mary Mears Galt, Roger H. Galt, Bettie Galt, John M. Galt, and Mary Ware Galt","William Wilson Galt, \"Will in uniform\", ","Mary M. Galt, 7 weeks old","William Wilson Galt in uniform (3)","William Wilson Galt in uniform standing on ship (not labeled)","William Wilson Galt, 1873 (3)","William Wilson Galt (2)","Two children on porch","Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","\"John G. Zimermann and Alfred G. Zimermann on latter's entering the Naval Academy\" (Postcard)","Mary Carrington Galt","*Friends and Others, Many Navy Related","Photograph of a medal with a bust of an Officer of the Navy","Wallace Burnett","Capt. W. R. Capron, Bernkastel Germany 1919 January 19","Ensign H. C. Chadwick (2)","Mrs. A. Duane","Dr. John M. Edga, USN","Fishback, USN","Captain Charles V. Gridley, Lt. Benjamin Tappan,  USS Raleigh","Miss Lilla Howard","J. Y. Rhorer, Guatemala, 1890","Robottom, USN","Lt. Hugh Rodman, (USS Raleigh)","Admr. Fabius Stanly","Susan Armistead Marston Williams (Mrs. Robert S. Christian Ware)","Provost unknown","Unnamed navy man","Unnamed navy man in Hong Kong","F. B. Wilson (in uniform)","Group of Navy Officers","*Navy Related","Postcard of Valle Di Pombei, Grand Hotel","Group picture of five men leaning on a fence with a tent in the background ","Three men riding in cart behind an ox (2) ","Major John G. Tucker and J. W. Mason of Cheyenne, Wyoming","Lighthouse (3 views) ","Ship near harbour ","Shanghai, China harbour scene, Postcard from Edgar to William Wilson Galt","Street scene, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","Soldiers in tents, 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","\"Corregidor Island\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)","Group picture of \"Third Division Consort\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay","\"Gun dismantled at Sangley after the Battle\", 1898, Battle of Manila Bay (2)","\"USS Boston, May 1st, 1898\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"USS Boston, May 1, 1898 about 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"Fort Malate after bombardment when we took Manila\", Battle of Manila Bay","\"Second Division Consort, Ensign Kaiser, May 1, 1898 8 am\", Battle of Manila Bay","Beach scene","Army and Navy Club, Washington, DC (2, both with William Wilson Galt, one with E.K. Moore) ","Large sailing ships","Lieutenant Thomas M. Brumby, USN, Flag Lieutenant","Lt. (J. G.) Charles S. Stanworth, USN, No. 10","Six men gathering around a table, drinking","5 men sitting in the War Room of Thetic","Lt. R. H. Galt, USN on the USS Montreal","*Tintypes, Negatives and More","Tintype of A. A. Galt and William Wilson Galt","Framed tintype of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt","Tintype of an unknown man","Negatives of photographs of the Galt home with a pencil drawing and note \"Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt\" ","Negative proofs of William Wilson Galt in uniform (very faded) ","Negatives and photographs of silhouettes and busts","Postcard of Science Hall at Virginia Tech","Postcard of Mt. Vernon","Galt Photograph album or possibly a Grigsby album, but most of the identified photographs belong to Galt Family members. Leather covered album. Cover decorated with birds and flowers. Most of the photographs are not identified. Includes photographs of Alexander Galt, Conway Roberson, Sarah N. Randolph, Hugh Blair Grigsby, Charles Read, Augusta Talcott, William Wilson Galt, Robert W. Galt, Jr., and others.","These photographs have been grouped by size, then subject.","Grigsby Family and Relatives","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Jan Watkins Carrington, silhouette","Hugh Blair Grigsby ","William T. Hamilton (cousin of Hugh Blair Grigsby) ","Thomas Jefferson Randolph of Edgehill ","John B. Whitehead ","Mrs. John B. Whitehead","Hugh Blair Grigsby and Marion Clark Smith ","*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" ","Photograph of a young lady with an envelope notation \"For Carrington to keep for Alice Blair\" ","Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby (Hugh Blair Grigsby's wife)","John B. Whitehead","*Dimensions range from 5\" x 7\" to 6\" x 9\" ","\"Huge elm at Edgehill B. H. G. standing under gives idea of size. This was taken by H. B. G. Galt\".","Ruins of the house at Edgehill (3) ","Hugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace on Bank Street (4) ","Hugh Blair Grigsby Hugh Blair Grigsby (probably)","Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby (possibly) ","Mary (Cousin) ","Edgehill ","Two girls and a boy, taken by C. C. Firesheets in South Boston, Virginia ","Hugh Blair Grigsby's birthplace in Norfolk, Virginia(3)  ","\"Bill Oglesby, Bill Galt. A ppair to draw to\"","Friends and Others\nMany of these photographs appear to be part of a collection from Hugh Blair Grigsby of friends and famous people. ","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Horace Binney ","Lily Cary ","Edward Coles ","Langhorne Cosby ","Quago Dorman ","\"David Duncan written in my 84th year Wofford College S. C.\" ","\"To Hugh Blair Grigsby from David Duncan, Photograph of Rev. Jas. A. Duncan, D. D. of Virginia\"","William Frazier ","Miss Mattie Gaines (Dowell, Charlotte County, Virginia) ","G. C. Hannah, Jr. ","Paul Jones ","Gertrude Lannehill ","Cincinnatus Newton ","Mrs. George Newton ","Carter Braxton Poindexter","Edmund Quincy ","Wyndam Robertson, Acting Governor of Virginia 1836–1837","Rev. Philip Slaughter","\"Master George McPhail Smith\" (child)","Henry, William, and Robert Smith","Littleton Waller Tazewell (surname changed from birth name of Bradford to Tazewell) ","Martha Trimble ","\"Annie Tazewell Walker, daughter of Mrs. Richard Walker Norfolk, April 28, 1879\"","Robert C. Winthrop (3) ","*Dimension average, 2.5\" x 3.5\" ","Mr. Graybill ","P. B. Simms ","Mr. Noyes ","Mary Vaughan ","C. Bouldin ","C. V. L. Marshall","Jim Smith ","Edmonia Reed, Greenfield, Charlotte County, Virginia","Mrs. Megehee ","Thomas Hicks Wynne ","Walker Hill ","Miss Harrison ","Mr. Forbes ","Josh Otley (tinplate) ","Mrs. General Greener ","Madame A. Berghmand, formerly Miss Lilly Macalister of Philadelphia ","Mr. Binney ","Group collage of men from 19th Century","\nMr. Tedham's turnout (with man in wagon) ","Mrs. H. F. Hamilton ","Willie Locke ","John Masters (2) ","Archer Jeffrey ","Miss Jane Comfort ","Mr. Dexter and daughter ","Charles Deane ","William C. Hutter ","R. A. Brock ","Miss Mary Bradford ","B. B. Bonhden ","Mrs. Allibone ","Miss Fannie S. Daniel, Smithville, Charlotte County, Virginia ","Eleanor Harrison Carr ","Gussie Talcott ","Alibone ","Mrs. Noyes ","Miss S. Leadon ","Thomas R. Jones of Accomack ","Lyman C. Raper ","George","Miss Emily Doyle ","Aaron Jeffry ","*Dimension average, 4\" x 6\" ","Lt. William Freeman Zeilin, Marine Corps ","\nJohn Daniel, US Senator","Julian Harrison ","Eugene O'Locke ","Includes tintypes of Judd Brush, and Walter and Edna Brush, and a framed daguerreotype of Mary Venable Grigsby.","Grigsby Family Photograph Albums Three small leather photograph albums with photographs of friends and family. 1858-1880. Album One Some photographs are labeled incorrectly and there are some photographs without names. N.C. Winthrop Sarah N. Randolph T. Jefferson Randolph Gov. Edward Coles Miss Lizzie ? of Philadelphia Hugh Blair Grigsby McChesney Mr. Peabody General Pendleton Gov. Henry Tazewell Mrs. Henry Tazewell Colonel John Niveson Mrs. John Niveson Mrs. Tazewell Gov. L.W. Tazewell Col. John N. Tazewell Mrs. Skipwith (photograph of a painting) Mrs. Isaac Coles William Nivison Mrs. D. Allihone (Allibone) (J. Austin, Edmonia) Captain Lahrbush (age 109) Mrs. Lilly Berghman Charles Campbell J. Nelson Tappon Col William Lamb Dr. Hugh L. Hodge Jennie Schwartz Clement G. Owens Conway Robinson, Jr.   Album Two Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. Unknown Badford Unknown Winthrop Mrs. J.G. Payton Major J. Gardner Payton Mary N. Payton Susan W. Payton J. Gardner Payton, Jun. Mrs. Leander McCormick Cousin Lucy McCormick Ella J. Bradford W. McCormick Emira Louise McCormick Robert S. McCormick Anne Reubina McCormick Lucy Virginia McCormick Mrs. J McChesney Charles E. Deans W. Noyes Mrs. J. Henry John Henry Mrs. Trimble Unknown Grigsby Miss Harriet Nash Dr. E.E. Balfour Delaney Chandler Warren Moore Chandler A. J. Smith Mrs. John Henry William W. Henry Mrs. William W. Henry Hugh Blair Grigsby Miss Allebone   Album Three Most photographs are labeled, but some are too faded to read. Some photographs are labeled on the reverse, but inaccessible without destroying the album. John B. Whitehead Mrs. J. B. Whitehead Henry C. Whitehead Miss Emily H. Whitehead (John) B. Whitehead William C. Whitehead Daria Griffith Mrs. Griffith Reia White Charles Reed Mrs. W.L. (Scott) William L. (Scott) Mrs. Lucy A. Morton Mrs. Ann Allen Mr. Hogan Mrs. Hogan Miss Maria Hogan Miss Emma Early Mrs. James D. Davidson James D. Davidson Greenlea Davidson Charles Davidson Robert Davidson Gen. Jenkins Robert Tunstall Hugh Grigsby Whitehead","*Unknown Provenance, Photographs Without Names, and Outdoor Scenes, circa 1860 to c. 1920.","Approximately 50 unnamed photographs ","Daguerreotype of an unknown child","Group photo of a black family, circa 1880, includes mother, father, son and twin daughters","*Unknown provenance of photgraphs with names. Many of these photographs may belong to Hugh Blair Grigsby who collected photographs of friends and famous people. ","Mary Jeffery Wells and Paul Wells, Jr. \nSusie Amesten","President Chester Arthur ","Mrs. Purley Date Bayler ","Beer (female)","Beverington ","Cordelia ","Francis DeCordy ","L. P. Godwin ","Colonel William Lamb ","Bessie Locke ","Marjorie Lowell ","James Lyons ","McCormick ","Bessie McDonald ","H. E. Parminte","Arnold Walke ","Lizzie Wiley ","Daniel Webster, copy of a print \"from the last Picture ever taken\" ","*Outdoor Scenes ","White house with striped awning, postcard from John W. Edgar ","Dark shingled house, 1104 Weston (3 copies)","Street scene, labeled \"A typical street scene in Abacia Town\" ","Old Masonic Lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia Postcard from M. M. Galt to W. W. Galt","New York and Virginia Steamboat advertising card","The Fisher Girl, Corner of Main and Church Street, Norfok, Virginia ","Mormon Tabernacle (2 scenes) ","Bust ","Obelisk ","Dark shingled house (probably 1104 Weston)","Drawing of a sailboat ","Three women, two men and two children on porch of white house","Primarily correspondence of Capt. William Wilson Galt with his wife Mary Blair Grigsby Galt and their sons, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt and William Richard Galt. Letters are written from California, Charlotte County, Norfolk, and Williamsburg, Virginia. Other letters are between Grigsby family members, particularly to Hugh Carrington Grigsby, the brother of Mary Blair Grigsby Galt. William Wilson Galt's letters are written on while on voyages to California, Mexico, Cyprus, Gibraltar, the Azores, and Italy. One letter is dated 1898 April 30, the day before the Battle of Manila Bay while on board the USS Raleigh which was engaged in the battle. Letters from Eastern Publishing Company, a potential publisher of \"The Battle of Manila Bay,\" who were unable to publish the book. Accounts concerning the estate of Mary Venable Carrington Grigsby, the mother-in-law of William Wilson Galt.","Envelopes that did not match correspondence. Addressed to Hugh Blair Galt, Hugh Carrington Grigsby, William R. Galt, Mary V. Grigsby, and William Wilson Galt.","Three letters to and from William Wilson Galt. 1894 June 7 letter from John L. Williams and Sons (bankers) to W. W. Galt regarding bonds registered in name of H. Carrington Grigsby; 1897 February 9 letter from William Wilson Galt, Paymaster, U.S. Navy to W. D. Boxom, Governor of Florida, acknowledging his receipt of his \"commission as delegate to the Seaboard and Harbor Defense Convention\", and 1897 June 4 letter from H. L. Mitchell appointing Paymaster Galt as delegate to the \"Gulf and Atlantic Coast Defense Convention.\"","Letters from E. Eugene May of the Eastern Publishing Company in Boston, Massachusetts to William Wilson Galt about publishing Galt's book, \"The Battle of Manila Bay\". Includes costs, layout decisions and corrections to the manuscript. It appears that the Eastern Publishing Company had financial problems, plus a burglary of their printing plates, and never published the book for William Wilson Galt.","Correspondence between the William Wilson Galt family members. 1881 April 12, William Wilson Galt writes Mary B. Grigsby about the health of her father and gives advice about keeping healthy in mind and body. 1881 December 1, William Wilson Galt, Edgehill, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Galt, about his small wedding at Edgehill and plans to stay in Washington, DC until his ship sails. 1883 August 2, two letters, one to his Mother and one to his Father, about the birth of his son; he draws a baby with an elongated head to describe his son. 1884 August 2 John B. Whitehead to William Wilson Galt about the price of soy on the stock market. 1885 June 2, William Wilson Galt, Williamsburg, Virginia, to his Mother about the birth of his second son, William Richard Galt. 1886 May 15 letter written by Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt which is a page of scribbles. 1890 July 17, William Wilson Galt, written aboard the USS Thetis while at sea, to his son; explains how fast the ship travels with comparison to the time his son takes to eat and to sleep, what he sees from the deck of the ship, the Southern Cross used for navigation, whales and large birds. 1891 February 4, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Vallejos, California, to his Grandmother Galt about the USS Thetis being grounded because of worms and family news. 1891 October 25, Grandfather Galt to Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt about family news and Hugh Blair Grigsby's account of the earthquake. 1892 December 3, William Wilson Galt, USS Thetis while at sea, to his Mother about arriving soon in San Diego. 1893 February 20, M. M. Galt (wife of Rogers Galt), Naval Academy, to Mary Grigsby Galt about the death of Mamie and family news. 1894 November 8, Hugh Blair Grigsby Galt, Smithville, to his Mother about family news.","Letters from family and friends of the William Wilson Galt Family. 1895 John B. McPhail of Mulberry Hill (a cousin on the Carrington side of the family) replies to an invitation from Mary Blair G. Galt; Reginald F. Poindexter to Mary Blair G. Galt about the work done on the house in anticipation of her arrival; Mary B. G. Galt, Smithville, to her mother-in-law about family news and the Rogers Galt family and Carrington Grigsby to his sister, Mary B. G. Galt about news of the farm and the community in Charlotte County. 1896-97 Hugh B.G. Galt, while in Smithville, writes letters to his father about local and family news and his activities, which include hunting squirrels and rabbits, hog killing, problems with his gun, his health, ice skating, school, summer studies, courthouse visits to hear trials, bicycle rides, searching for Native American, visiting relatives in Norfolk and Williamsburg and his desire for a hound puppy. On 1897 September 18, he mentions that \"Uncle Carrington is going to get married to Miss Mary Boyd, but I don't think he will.\" On 1897 December 18, he writes about the death of Mary W. Ware Galt, his grandmother. William R. Galt, while in Smithville, writes a letter to his father about the marriage of Albert and his activities, which includes his desire for a \"doublebarrel muzzleloader,\" hog killing, trapping, hunting, and raising chickens. Robert Galt, while in Smithville, writes to his Father about the pig killing. In 1897 May, William Wilson Galt, New York, writes his mother about his visit with Susie and Rogers Galt. Rogers leaves for target practice the next day. William Wilson Galt's ship also leaves the next day for one or two years of duty. On 1897 May 16, William Wilson Galt, while at sea near Pico Island in the Azores, tells Hugh B. G. Galt about how the ship operates, what he has seen so far on his voyage and asks, \"I want you to read up on all the places I go to and tell Will, Robert and Mary all about them.\" He also writes Hugh B.G. Galt while in Tangier, Morocco, and Genoa, Italy and at sea in the Mediterranean.","Mostly letters between William Wilson Galt and his family while he is in the Navy. Many letters are from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Father. On February 13, 1898, he writes about his hurt arm, \"the doctor had my arm put under the x-rays every night while I was down there (Norfolk)\" and that his Mother was rundown, got sick in New York and was hospitalized for two weeks. On March 26, 1898, his Mother is home, but still unwell. He writes about his summer plans, his schoolwork and a bicycle accident of a friend. He thanks his Father for the stamps and other items in the boxes he sent. On May 10, 1898, Hugh BlairG. Galt writes, \"...glader to hear of Dewey's victory at Manila, and still more so to hear by a telegram that you were well and sound.\" On March 21, 1899, Hugh B.G. Galt shows his concern about his Father's operation. On April 13, 1898, J. P. Lawrence writes Mary Blair Galt about church work. In his April 30, 1898 letter to his wife, William Wilson Galt is just entering Manila Bay. Sketches the ships in squadron formation. Mentions the possibility of dying during the battle, then proceeds to tell her what assets they have and how to handle everything if he should die. In February 23, 1899, William Wilson Galt is in New York and hopes to come home and \"stay with you all for a long time.\" Undated letters at the end of the folder include letters from Mrs. W.R. Galt to son, William Wilson Galt and family, plus a letter from Hugh B.G. Galt to his Grandmother Galt. A recipe for sweet pickle written on an incomplete letter by Mary B.G. Galt.","Majority of the letters are to Hugh Carrington Grigsby from family and friends, but two undated letters are to \"Mrs. Grigsby\" from H. C. Nowlin in Richmond, Virginia about buying items for Mrs. Grigsby, and health problems. Hugh Carrington Grigsby attended \"The Cluster School\" at \"Blackwalnut P. O.\" in Halifax, Virginia in 1871 and 1872. 1871 January 8 letter from \"Johnny\" at Hampden-Sidney College talks about how wonderful college life is. Letters from both his mother and father are full of advice and some criticisms. His father, Hugh Blair Grigsby, often tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby, with many examples, that the work he does now will enable him to be successful later. Clem D. Lewis writes twice in late 1871 about his troubles with the whooping cough and recent and future parties. In 1872, Hugh Blair Grigsby writes about the death of cousin Clem C. Read \"who was named after Grandfather.\" Hugh Blair Grigsby tells Hugh Carrington Grigsby \"Father cannot tell you how much his heart is set upon you and how anxiously he wishes you to be what you can so easily become if you are true to yourself.\" In 1872, Hugh Carrington attends Hampden-Sidney College. In 1873, his sophomore year, his father is writing with suggestions about his difficulty in mathmatics and \"as you stand in the Sophomore year, so you stand for the rest of your course. I wish you to be a scholar for many reasons, and not the least is that your future fortunes depend on your success. You will have to make your own way in the world; and the more accomplished you are in your studies, the greater the probability of success.\" 1874 May 4, his Father writes, \"Both my health and your mother's is frail, and we look to you as our support in our declining years, and we are solicitious that your conduct will entitle you to the esteem of all men and women with you associate.\" 1890 October 26, letter from William T. Grigsby, Union City, Tennessee, to Mrs Grigsby, Relict of Honorable Hugh B. Grigsby, requesting a photograph of Hugh Blair Grigsby. An undated letter from Hugh Carrington Grigsby relates a story he heard from a \"youth\" about \"cogitations upon the prospect of entering college\".","Taxes related to the estate, 1890-1894; invoices for items paid by or charged to the estate, many of them by Mrs. Grigsby prior to her death, with receipts and canceled checks (1889-1898); poem, possibly written by William Wilson Galt, and probably about his mother-in-law, Mary V. Grigsby; copies of deeds and other legal documents, beginning in 1882; notebook with entries for expenditures in regard to Mary V. Grigsby's estate (1891-1894) and receipts of payments made to Grigsby Family members during the division of the estate, particularly the sale of Virginia bonds in 1894. Some items concern administrative matters that carried over from the estate of Hugh Blair Grigsby who died in 1881. Mary Blair Grigsby Galt was an administrator to his estate.","A photocopy of a Galt family tree with notation, \"This chart was made in 1934 by Rogers Harrison Galt, in collaboration with Mary Meares Galt\".  The chart begins with Samuel Galt (circa 1700-1761).","Typed carbon copy on tissue paper of the Naval Record of Captain William Wilson Galt entitled \"Record of William Wilson Galt, Captain (S C) U.S.N.\" The record begins in 1877 and ends in 1925 when he retired. Gives a short biographical background which was noted on his entrance examination in 1877. October 30 letter to Paymaster W. W. Galt from R. W. Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, thanking him and commending him for the rescue of the disabled schooner \"Express\" and bringing her safely to Key West harbor; 1899 July 29 letter from the Secretary of the Navy with an excerpt from a letter from Captain J. B. Coghlan praising Paymaster Galt in sailing through rough seas to deliver a pump to the \"Raleigh\" just before the Manila Bay attack. Handwritten on cover page, \"For A.G. Zimermann, Jr.\"","List of new members to the National Grigsby Family Society.","Typed poem written by William Wilson Galt entitled \"July the 9th, 1897\" with handwritten notes \"Birthday of his wife-Mary B. Galt\" and \"written by WW Galt \u0026 mailed from Algiers, Africa, 14 Augt 97-.\" Handwritten poem about death and living in the present, author unknown.","Report cards of Hugh Galt from Smithville High School, 1897 June 14 and 1899 February. 1899 invoices from the Episcopal Male Academy for Mrs. W. W. Galt for the expenditures of Willie Galt. Letter from Instructor Elizabeth A. Rowe, \"Miss Mary C. Galt has successfully completed an elementary course in Botany,\" dated 1915 February."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts have been removed from the collection and filed in the Mss. Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection contains moldy material and is shelved separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Artifacts have been removed from the collection and filed in the Mss. Artifact Collection."," The collection contains moldy material and is shelved separately."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Eastern Publishing Co","United States. Navy. Office of the Paymaster","Carrington family","Galt family","Garland family","Grigsby family","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Eastern Publishing Co","United States. Navy. Office of the Paymaster","Carrington family","Galt family","Garland family","Grigsby family","Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Eastern Publishing Co","United States. Navy. Office of the Paymaster"],"famname_ssim":["Carrington family","Galt family","Garland family","Grigsby family"],"persname_ssim":["Galt, William Richard, 1818-1892","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881"],"language_ssim":["English Spanish;Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":384,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:10:44.245Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8766_c04_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":128},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1908\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood 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