{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1817","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1819","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1840"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1818,"next_page":1819,"prev_page":1817,"total_pages":1840,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":18170,"total_count":18396,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler), 1882/1940","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53","parent_ssim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951","Series 1: Biographical Sketches of Women","Biographical Material, Wi-Wy"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler)","title_ssm":["Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler)"],"title_tesim":["Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler), 1882/1940"],"text":["Wilson, Julia Gardiner (Tyler), 1882/1940","Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951","Series 1: Biographical Sketches of Women","Biographical Material, Wi-Wy","Box 9","Folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951","Series 1: Biographical Sketches of Women","Biographical Material, Wi-Wy"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951","Series 1: Biographical Sketches of Women","Biographical Material, Wi-Wy"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1882/1940"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882 - post 1940"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":554,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951"],"containers_ssim":["Box 9","Folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility."],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#52/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:41.108Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9298","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9298.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler Family Papers, Group D","title_ssm":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D"],"title_tesim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951"],"text":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951","Mss. 65 T97 Group D","/repositories/2/resources/9298","Women--History--Virginia","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility.","Sue Ruffin Tyler was a scholar and wife of Lyon Gardiner Tyler, son of US President John Tyler.","See also Tyler Family Papers, Groups A-C, E-H, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Papers, 1939-1951, of Sue Ruffin Tyler concerning a projected work, The Women of Virginia. Includes biographical sketches of women, correspondence with women who had sent sketches and were subscribers, and correspondence of Robert Hendrix who collected money from the subscribers but was unable to publish the book. Sue Ruffin Tyler contracted to write the historical material for a book on women in Virginia, to have been entitled The Women of Virginia. Living women were to submit sketches of themselves and their organizations and to subscribe to the volume. The volume was never published.","Special Collections Research Center","Tyler Family","Tyler family","Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, 1939/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 T97 Group D","/repositories/2/resources/9298"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 T97 Group D","/repositories/2/resources/9298"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953","Tyler Family"],"creator_ssim":["Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953","Tyler Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Tyler Family","Tyler family"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953","Special Collections Research Center","Tyler Family","Tyler family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["W\u0026amp;M Special Collections Research Center began acquiring and collecting Tyler family papers in 1922 and the collection has grown considerably since. The vast majority of this collection was donated by generous family and friends of the Tyler family between 1922 and 2002, with the bulk of the collection being donated to in 1949 by Mrs. Sue Ruffin Tyler and in 1955 by the children of Lyon G. Tyler. Some materials in this collection were purchased by W\u0026M Libraries, Special Collections Research Center."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women--History--Virginia","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women--History--Virginia","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the William \u0026amp; Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSue Ruffin Tyler was a scholar and wife of Lyon Gardiner Tyler, son of US President John Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sue Ruffin Tyler was a scholar and wife of Lyon Gardiner Tyler, son of US President John Tyler."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTyler Family Papers, Group D, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Tyler Family Papers, Group D, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also Tyler Family Papers, Groups A-C, E-H, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also Tyler Family Papers, Groups A-C, E-H, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1939-1951, of Sue Ruffin Tyler concerning a projected work, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Women of Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Includes biographical sketches of women, correspondence with women who had sent sketches and were subscribers, and correspondence of Robert Hendrix who collected money from the subscribers but was unable to publish the book. Sue Ruffin Tyler contracted to write the historical material for a book on women in Virginia, to have been entitled The Women of Virginia. Living women were to submit sketches of themselves and their organizations and to subscribe to the volume. The volume was never published.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1939-1951, of Sue Ruffin Tyler concerning a projected work, The Women of Virginia. Includes biographical sketches of women, correspondence with women who had sent sketches and were subscribers, and correspondence of Robert Hendrix who collected money from the subscribers but was unable to publish the book. Sue Ruffin Tyler contracted to write the historical material for a book on women in Virginia, to have been entitled The Women of Virginia. Living women were to submit sketches of themselves and their organizations and to subscribe to the volume. The volume was never published."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Tyler Family","Tyler family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tyler family"],"persname_ssim":["Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Tyler Family","Tyler family","Tyler, Sue Ruffin, 1889-1953"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":678,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:52:41.108Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9298_c01_c53_c05"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilson-Lewis family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5992.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199029","title_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1693-1942 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1693-1942 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1693/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"text":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942","A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992","Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio","Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"geogname_ssim":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"places_ssim":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis family"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"creators_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2135, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026M 2135, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ffc1079826db267ad7bd07ec7fdf85b9\"\u003ePapers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6827ce7400f109093207d0e233f95e73\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"famname_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Wilson-Lewis family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"persname_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:25.449Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5992.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199029","title_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1693-1942 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1693-1942 and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1693/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"text":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942","A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992","Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio","Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, 1693/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2135","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5992"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"geogname_ssim":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"places_ssim":["Colombia","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Mexico","Missouri","Ohio"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson-Lewis family"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"creators_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Livestock","Diaries and journals.","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Physicians - letters and papers.","Frontier and pioneer life","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Slaves and slavery.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Women's history -- Pre-1800"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2135, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Wilson-Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026M 2135, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ffc1079826db267ad7bd07ec7fdf85b9\"\u003ePapers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers relating to the Wilson, Lewis, and Ruffner families of Prince Edward County, Virginia, Kanawha County, [West] Virginia, St. Charles County, Missouri, and Fairfield County, Ohio. Correspondence between Nathaniel V. Wilson and Dr. Goodridge Wilson, concerning land purchases, preparation for the settlement of the family, care of livestock, employment of slaves, salt making and marketing, and the market price of salt. Other members of the family migrated to St. Charles County, Missouri, and to Fairfield County, Ohio, and land prices, suitable crops, settlement and railroad building in Missouri comprise much of their correspondence. A third generation member of the family, Virgy Wilson Hall and her husband, John G. Hall, were missionaries in Matamoras, Mexico, and Colombia, South America, and her correspondence with her mother comments on living conditions, progress of the missionary work, revolution in Colombia, and health and living conditions of the residents of the Barranquilla area. In addition there is a will of Col. Charles Lewis, a series of letters between two doctors concerning health problems and treatment of various illnesses, and two diaries by Mrs. Daniel Ruffner, 1846, and Elizabeth Ruffner Wilson, 1871-1872, commenting on family life and community activities in Fairfield County, Ohio, and Kanawha County, [West] Virginia. All are photocopies. Material covers the years 1774-1942."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6827ce7400f109093207d0e233f95e73\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"famname_ssim":["Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Wilson-Lewis family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"persname_ssim":["Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Wilson-Lewis family","Lewis family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Hall, John G.","Hall, Virgy Wilson.","Lewis, Col. Charles.","Ruffner, Mrs. Daniel.","Wilson, Dr. Goodridge.","Wilson, Elizabeth Ruffner.","Wilson, Nathaniel V."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:25.449Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5992"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3078#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3078#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNotebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3078#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3078.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cary, Wilson","title_ssm":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook"],"title_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["compiled circa 1900-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["compiled circa 1900-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"text":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914","Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078","Virginia--Genealogy","Randolph family","Notebooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Notebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family","Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"creators_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914","Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Randolph family","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Randolph family","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNotebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Notebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"persname_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family","Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:48:54.260Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3078","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3078.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cary, Wilson","title_ssm":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook"],"title_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["compiled circa 1900-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["compiled circa 1900-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"text":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914","Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078","Virginia--Genealogy","Randolph family","Notebooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Notebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family","Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, 1900/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Ad2","/repositories/2/resources/3078"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"creators_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914","Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Randolph family","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Randolph family","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Wilson Miles Cary Genealogical Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNotebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Notebook, circa 1900-1914, compiled by Wilson Miles Cary, concerning the Cary Family history  from the 16th century onward. Also covers related branches including the families of Fairfax, Harrison, Randolph, Langhorne, Jefferson and others. Bound Volume. Approximately 379 pages."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family"],"persname_ssim":["Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Carey family","Cary family","Fairfax family","Harrison family","Jefferson family","Langhorne family","Cary, Wilson Miles, 1838-1914"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:48:54.260Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3078"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fries, David M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2013.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196141","title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1962","1961-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1962"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"text":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013","Civil rights","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Fries, David M."],"creator_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"creators_ssim":["Fries, David M.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026amp;M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_378f5be20ac7eb6c335e3e5d7877e1af\"\u003eIncludes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6faee1f196179265ed1f47c279843a2e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"names_coll_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:55:42.141Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2013.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196141","title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1962","1961-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1962"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1961-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"text":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962","A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013","Civil rights","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, 1901/1962, bulk 1961/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3602","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2013"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Fries, David M."],"creator_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"creators_ssim":["Fries, David M.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in."],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026amp;M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester Avenue Christian Church, Martinsburg, Correspondence Regarding Lynchburg Sit-In and Other Records, A\u0026M 3602, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_378f5be20ac7eb6c335e3e5d7877e1af\"\u003eIncludes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Includes correspondence of Reverend William A. Cook of the Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia regarding a sit-in in Lynchburg, Virginia for civil rights; there are also clippings regarding this event, including information regarding the response of Lynchburg College to its students involved with the sit-in. Also includes solicitation for funds to build church (1901) and resolution of church elders (1913); membership committee records (1961); and miscellaneous records (including bulletins, constitution, financial records, and reports) (1960-1962)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6faee1f196179265ed1f47c279843a2e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"names_coll_ssim":["Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg"],"persname_ssim":["Fries, David M."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester Avenue Christian Church of Martinsburg","Fries, David M."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:55:42.141Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2013"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1910","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","parent_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)","title_ssm":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)"],"title_tesim":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1910"],"text":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1910","Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894/1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894/1910"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":440,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"containers_ssim":["Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"_nest_path_":"/components#439","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:31.832Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6211.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199160","title_ssm":["Topographic Maps"],"title_tesim":["Topographic Maps"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1989","1900-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"text":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980","A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211","Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps.","No special access restriction applies.","Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary.","The maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500.","Boxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.25 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 3 in. (9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 oversize folder, 2 items)"],"extent_tesim":["2.25 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 3 in. (9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 oversize folder, 2 items)"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026amp;M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary.","The maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500.","Boxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79abe5859281e2c3abcec4f8657f48fa\"\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e3dadab46f2f87e9a417123b4d591e18\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia Geographical Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1177,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:31.832Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c440"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1932","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","parent_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)","title_ssm":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)"],"title_tesim":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1932"],"text":["Winchester, scale: 30.0 (1 copy), 1894/1932","Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894/1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894/1932"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":441,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"containers_ssim":["Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"_nest_path_":"/components#440","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:31.832Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6211.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199160","title_ssm":["Topographic Maps"],"title_tesim":["Topographic Maps"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1989","1900-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"text":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980","A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211","Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps.","No special access restriction applies.","Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary.","The maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500.","Boxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Topographic Maps, 1891/1989, bulk 1900/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1721","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6211"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Harrison County (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps - topographic - U.S.G.S.","Maps.","Topographic maps."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.25 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 3 in. (9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 oversize folder, 2 items)"],"extent_tesim":["2.25 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 3 in. (9 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 oversize folder, 2 items)"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026amp;M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Topographic Maps, A\u0026M 1721, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc. Due to the collection's diversity in age, information recorded on the maps may vary.","The maps' sizes are given in minutes of 7.5, 15, 20, 30, or 60. The minutes represent the scale and area, with the higher numbers corresponding to a larger area of square mileage. For example, a 7.5 minute series map represents a scale of 1:24,000, while a 15 minute series represents 1:62,500.","Boxes 1-3 include 15 minute quadrangles and larger, and boxes 4-9 include 7.5 minute quadrangles. The two oversize items are 1 degree sheets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79abe5859281e2c3abcec4f8657f48fa\"\u003eTopographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Topographic maps by the U.S. Geological Survey of various cities and towns in West Virginia. These are quadrangle maps covering four-sided areas bound by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Contour lines show land shapes and elevation; colors distinguish map features, such as roads, rural areas, woodlands, urban areas, landmark buildings, etc."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e3dadab46f2f87e9a417123b4d591e18\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia Geographical Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia Geographical Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1177,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:58:31.832Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6211_c441"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3284.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197212","title_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1719-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1719-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1719/1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"text":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952","A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284","Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"creators_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026amp;M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_898889a085ef86674fdc87e3d87711fb\"\u003eTwo volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0fab77d036f1efcfd9ee21624651be4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3284.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197212","title_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records"],"title_tesim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1719-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1719-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1719/1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"text":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952","A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284","Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"collection_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, 1719/1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0773","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3284"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_ssim":["Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"creators_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches  -- Presbyterian","Churches  -- Winchester Presbytery","Churches  -- Virginia -- Winchester"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 folder, 1 in.; 2 unboxed ledgers, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026amp;M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery Records, A\u0026M 0773, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_898889a085ef86674fdc87e3d87711fb\"\u003eTwo volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two volumes of statistics of Presbyterian churches in the Winchester Presbytery, 1719-1946; and a notebook of correspondence, 1942-1952, of Robert B. Woodworth and John G. Bishop concerning the genealogy of the Poage and allied families and Woodworth's revision of THE CAPTIVES OF ABB'S VALLEY (Staunton, Virginia, 1942)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0fab77d036f1efcfd9ee21624651be4\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery"],"famname_ssim":["Pogue family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"persname_ssim":["Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winchester, Virginia, Presbytery","Pogue family","Bishop, John G.","Woodworth, Robert Bell, 1868-1954"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:44.747Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3284"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire], 1890/1906","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSmall journal with information on gifts to Mount Vernon, 1891-1896; Certificate as Vice Regent\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire]","title_ssm":["Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire]"],"title_tesim":["Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire], 1890/1906"],"text":["Winder, Abbie [New Hampshire], 1890/1906","Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","box 61","folder 7","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","English.","Mrs. Williams A. Winder","Small journal with information on gifts to Mount Vernon, 1891-1896; Certificate as Vice Regent"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1906"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":2009,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"containers_ssim":["box 61","folder 7"],"creator_ssim":["Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906"],"names_ssim":["Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMrs. Williams A. Winder\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mrs. Williams A. Winder"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSmall journal with information on gifts to Mount Vernon, 1891-1896; Certificate as Vice Regent\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Small journal with information on gifts to Mount Vernon, 1891-1896; Certificate as Vice Regent"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#328","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_46.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"text":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical","The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-","Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).","- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees","This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72 Linear Feet 99 containers plus 14 oversize items, approx. 72 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["72 Linear Feet 99 containers plus 14 oversize items, approx. 72 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.1. General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.2. Alphabetical\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute)."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2492,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c329"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4831.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198386","title_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records"],"title_tesim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"text":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950","A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831","Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)","Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"extent_tesim":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026amp;M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_382de950f6f3abc751af81188efcdba1\"\u003eThe collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8733c65f2641deab7e6af01afc002ea0\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:54.405Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4831.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198386","title_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records"],"title_tesim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"text":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950","A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831","Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)","Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, 1888/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4831"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Davy.","Mabscott (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Winding Gulf (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Winding Gulf Coals, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Coal mining - company stores.","Coal mining - disasters.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - Working conditions.","Railroads","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Socialism","Transportation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"extent_tesim":["17.25 Linear Feet 107 ledgers, 17 ft. 3 in. total"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026amp;M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Winding Gulf Coals, Inc., Records, A\u0026M 1525, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_382de950f6f3abc751af81188efcdba1\"\u003eThe collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of ledgers, journals, and cashbooks of the Goodwill Coal and Coke Co., Greenbrier Coal and Coke Co., Gulf Coal Co., Louisville Coal and Coke Co., Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Co., and the Winding Gulf Colliery Co., with some material on the operation of company stores. There is also correspondence (1911-1915) between the managers of mines at Winding Gulf and Davy, West Virginia, discussing production levels, availability of railroad cars and freight rates, New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization, operating difficulties, labor shortages and working conditions, the Mabscott mine strike and German \"socialists\" at Mabscott, the Bottom Creek explosion at Vivian, the UMWA and a 1915 agreement, and the good roads movement in Raleigh County in 1915."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8733c65f2641deab7e6af01afc002ea0\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Winding Gulf Coals, Inc.","Goodwill Coal and Coke Company","Greenbrier Coal and Coke Company","Gulf Coal Company","Louisville Coal and Coke Company","New River and Pocahontas Operators Organization","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Coal and Coke Company","Winding Gulf Colliery Company"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:54.405Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4831"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Window Glass Cutters League of America","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_394.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195009","title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1876-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1876/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"text":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970","A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394","Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","No special access restriction applies.","History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association","2423, 3911","Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, 1876/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2423","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/394"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_ssim":["Window Glass Cutters League of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["86.19 Linear Feet Summary: 86 ft. 2 1/4 in. (181 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (3 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 clamshell boxes, 3 in. each); (2 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (28 unboxed ledgers, 61 in.); (5 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistory of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst glass industry unions formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1876\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 300-Window Glass Gatherers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLA 307-Window Glass Blowers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1879\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlowers LA 307 merges into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1894\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1895\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1899-1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1900\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWindow Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Association of America formed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1902 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1907-08\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1908\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1909\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1916\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1923\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst convention of WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst attempt of a merger of all window glass unions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930-34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026amp; Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935-37\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFederation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFormation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1957\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1959\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1964\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloat glass process introduced in U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Co. begins to market float glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1971\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["History of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","The history of unions in the American window glass industry begins with Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. By 1879, LA 300 represented the four major crafts in window glass manufacture -- blowers, gatherers, flatteners, and cutters. For the next two decades, the craftsmen in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana battled with employers largely through the auspices of the Knights, but craft jealousies also led to the formation of separate craft unions.","By 1900, the final attempts to salvage LA 300 as a single union representing all the crafts began to collapse, leading to three decades of rival organizations. The years between 1900 and 1910 witnessed the formation of the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (ca. 1900-1933), the United Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1902-1905), the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1904-08), the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (ca. 1908-36), and the National Window Glass Workers of America (ca. 1903-31). Each of these organizations siphoned off segments of the industry workforce, either on the basis of geography (the United, for instance, was based largely in Cleveland) or by some combination of trades. The various factional splits and jurisdictional conflicts leading to this competition often resulted from struggles with employers and technological changes. Indeed, new labor processes eliminated the need for many of the skills of blowers, gatherers, and flatteners, and employers used these changes to defeat union demands and cause dissension in the ranks of the workers. Into the 1930s, then, as many as five different unions existed for window glass workers.","The traditional craft least affected by technological change was window glass cutting. Shortly after World War I, cutters in Charleston founded the first local of what would become the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Then, in 1922, cutters dissatisfaction with their treatment in other unions generated momentum for a national union of the craft. In 1922-23, Cutters League leaders Harry Kirchbenbower, Oakley Cline, and Harry Osmond began visiting cutters all over the nation, encouraging them to disaffiliate with other unions in the industry and to join the League. In June 1923, the founding convention of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, formally established the union. The following year, the League moved to Columbus, Ohio, where it maintained its headquarters for the next fifty years.","During the next decade, rival unions in the window glass industry slowly disbanded, but the dream of one all-inclusive union in the industry was more resilient. When organized labor turned to organizing unskilled industrial workers following the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, the dynamic president of the WGCLA, Glen McCabe, took charge of recruiting what were called the \"miscellaneous workers\" in the industry. Over the ensuing year, McCabe organized nearly 10,000 new members.","By 1934, the elite cutters feared they would soon be overwhelmed in their own union, as the miscellaneous workers asserted their influence. Consequently, in a mutual parting of the ways, McCabe took his new members and formed the Federation of Flat Glass Workers. When the Committee on Industrial Organization was formed, McCabe became one of its first members, and when the American Federation of Labor expelled the industrial unions, McCabe's Flat Glass Workers affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Again, union rivalry reigned in the window glass industry. Although McCabe would return to the WGCLA in the 1940s (and even return to the presidency in the 1950s), the relationship between the AFL craft union and its CIO counterpart remained contentious for the next three decades.","In the post-World War II years, the WGCLA devoted much of its energy to trying to protect a declining window glass industry. Targeting cheap foreign imports as the principal reason for slumping production, the WGCLA joined with other glass-industry unions in pushing for high tariffs and import restrictions. West Virginia locals of the WGCLA were instrumental in forming the Glass Workers' Protective League which coordinated the lobbying efforts of the various unions.","The other major threat to the proud glass cutters was a new cutting machine introduced in 1955 by the two largest firms in the industry, Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass. Almost immediately, the CIO union instituted a contest to obtain jurisdiction over the newly mechanized work. Although the WGCLA won a National Labor Relations Board case to maintain its jurisdiction, over the next two years the use of the cutting machine by all of the firms in the industry reduced the number of cutters needed for production.","For the ensuing two decades, the WGCLA limped along, its membership dropping well below the 1,000 mark. The once proud craftsmen even ceased taking apprentices in the 1960s due both to the lack of need for new cutters but also to government regulations that opened up apprenticeship to non-family members. What had for centuries been a closed craft fraternity was now passing into oblivion. The final blow for the WGCLA came in 1970s with the introduction of the revolutionary \"float glass\" process which threatened the American window glass industry. As several large companies shut down their plants and the numbers of WGCLA members continued to shrink, the League sought ought and completed a merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers Association in 1975, thus officially ending the history of the WGCLA.","Chronology of the Window Glass Cutters League of America","1865","First glass industry unions formed","1876","Window Glass Assemblies in the Knights of Labor formed","LA 300-Window Glass Gatherers","LA 305-Window Glass Cutters Association","LA 307-Window Glass Blowers","1879","Blowers LA 307 merges into LA 300","1880","Cutters affiliate with LA 300, joined by Flatteners","1894","Cutters and Flatteners secede from LA 300 and form craft unions affiliated with the AF of L, including the first Window Glass Cutters League of America","1895","Simon Burns elected president of LA 300, forces independent unions back into LA 300","1899-1900","Trade war in industry, reemergence of factionalism","1900","Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Association of America formed","1902","United Window Glass Workers formed in Cleveland","1904","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America formed from remnants of LA 300","1907-08","Glass unions decimated by strike defeat; Amalgamated disbands","1908","National Window Glass Workers becomes major union in the window glass industry","1909","Strike against American Window Glass Company leads to formation of Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Protective Association, 4th union in industry","1911","Imperial Window Glass Co. organized as a selling agency to stabilize the industry","1916","First local of Window Glass Cutters League formed at the Libbey-Owens-Ford plant in South Charleston","1922","Cutters League begins recruiting window glass cutters in other unions","1923","First convention of WGCLA","1924","WGCOLA moves headquarters to Columbus, Ohio","1926","First attempt of a merger of all window glass unions","1930-34","National Window Glass Workers and Window Glass Cutters \u0026 Flatteners Assoc. of America join WGCLA","1933","Passage of N.I.R.A. encourages organizing of industrial","1934","Glen McCabe helps form Federation of Flat Glass Workers","1935-37","Federation joins Committee of Industrial Organization, is expelled from AFL, helps form CIO","1937","McCabe resigns from Federation to preserve unity","1940s","WGCLA wages jurisdictional battles with United Glass and Ceramic Works (CIO)","1946","Formation of Glass Workers' Protective League in W.Va.","1957","Libbey-Owens-Ford and Pittsburgh Plate Glass begin using cutting machine","1958","WGCLA brings NLRB suit to protect cutting jobs","1959","Remaining Window glass firms begin cutting by machine","1964","Float glass process introduced in U.S.","1968","Ford Motor Co. begins to market float glass","1971","Merger talks begin with Stone, Glass, and Clay Coordinating Committee","1974","Merger talks with United Glass and Ceramic Workers fail","1975","WGCLA merges with Glass Bottle Blowers Association"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Window Glass Cutters League of America Papers, A\u0026M 2423, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2423, 3911\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2423, 3911"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries Description:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCareer patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLess complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Introduction:","This collection includes correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the Window Glass Cutters League of America, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the League.","Organizations other than the League whose records are included in this collection are: \nLocal Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905)\nAmalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-29) \nWindow Glass Workers Association of America (1902-04) \nWindow Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-25) \nNational Window Glass Workers (1914-24)","The Window Glass Cutters League of America archives consist of the records of the national union from its inception in 1923 until its merger with the Glass Bottle Blowers of America in 1975. In addition, the collection contains records from a number of the League's predecessor organizations dating back to Local Assembly 300 of the Knights of Labor. Comprising approximately 120 linear feet, the nearly complete files of letters, memos, reports, collective bargaining files, transcripts, photos, and publications document in detail the union activities of window glass cutters for approximately a century.","The League's records offer rich source material for many subjects of interest to industrial and labor historians. More than 30 boxes of collective bargaining records document industrial relations, wages, working conditions, and productions changes in the industry. Together with minutes of local meetings in the correspondence files of the secretary-treasurer's office and grievances, arbitration cases, and national labor board cases, these records enable a reconstruction of shop-floor relations in the factories. Furthermore, statistical reports for each of the locals make it possible to chart seasonal changes in the industry, labor turnover, and unemployment for skilled window glass workers.","For historians interested in social history, the League's apprenticeship records dating back to the 1880s enable the study of labor recruitment and training while also making possible the reconstruction of the ethnic and familial character of the workforce. Individual membership cards dating from the early 1920s document geographic mobility and career patterns of the glass cutters. For more institutionally-inclined scholars, detailed minutes of conventions, executive board minutes, and files of the president's and secretary-treasurer's correspondence are particularly revealing for the study of national union administration.","Individual files suggest something of the richness and insularity of the craft-union culture embedded in the trade of window-glass cutting. Contentious relations with glass workers outside the craft are evident in the executive board minutes as well as the records of other unions in the industry. Moreover, craft animosity toward the less-skilled workers certainly permeates the secretary-treasurer's correspondence with local officers after the rise of the CIO union in the 1930s.","Many files document the tensions between fiercely independent craft workers and a union committed to collective action. In the League's attorney files, for example, there are case records covering a suit brought by one glass cutter against the League for its infringement of his patent of a glass-cutting device that the League eventually sold to its members, the complaints of Jehovah's Witnesses who were shunned by their fellow workers and eventually fired in the weeks following the attack on Pearl Harbor for refusing to salute the flat, and the expulsion of a Belgian glass cutter for working in a non-union ship in Belgium when he returned to bring his family to Charleston. Similarly, in the collective bargaining files and the president's files, there is a vivid portrait of the difficulty than an exclusive craft union faced when it confronted the provisions of equal employment opportunity laws.","Finally, files from different series document the long struggle against being technologically displaced and rendered obsolete. The president's correspondence reveals the strategies relating to political action such as lobbying for high tariffs and import restrictions and relating to potential amalgamation with other glass unions. Meanwhile, the collective bargaining files contain the records of jurisdictional battles fought to maintain job security in the face of changes in production methods.","Series Description:","The archives of the Window Glass Cutters League of America have been arranged into seven series, as follows: \nSeries 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, box 1 - box 24\nSeries 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, box 1 - box 5\nSeries 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, box 1 - box 106\nSeries 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, box 1 - box 32\nSeries 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, box 1 - box 26 and 5 reels of microfilm\t\nSeries 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, box 1 - box 8 and 15 volumes\nSeries 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, box 1 - box 10 and 17 volumes","Photographs are stored in one large oversized box with the collection. A number of publications were removed from this collection and added to a separate pamphlet collection. A list of them can be found in the control folder for this collection in the manuscripts room.","Parts of series 5 have been microfilmed and are stored in the microfilm reading room. They are on five reels of microfilm and include: \nSistersville - Local Statistical Reports (1925-1938) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (September 1927-1955) \nNorwood (Clarksburg) - Local Statistical Reports (1956-1970) \nFairchance, PA. - Statistical Reports (1924-1936) \nMt. Jewett, PA; Dunbar, WV; Mannington, WV; Torrence, CA - Statistical Reports (1923-1926)","Series 1. Executive Files, 1921-1975, boxes 1-24","This series is divided into three subseries representing the surviving files of the WGCLA's constitutional conventions, its executive board, and its presidents. Included in the first subseries are printed versions of the League's constitution and by-laws as well as printed copies of the convention proceedings. There are more extensive files, which include correspondence, for the 1960 and 1965 conventions. The first sub-series also contains the proceedings of a proposed merger convention of the League and other unions in the industry in 1926.","The principal decision-making body for the WGCLA was the executive board which was comprised, after 1935, of the president, the secretary-treasurer, and a board member from each of the locals. There are executive board meeting minutes beginning in 1925 and running until the League merged with the Glass Bottle Blowers in 1975. The minutes are indexed; the index to the early years is at the end of the volume, and the later years are indexed separately. The executive board minutes are quite detailed, and provide a fairly comprehensive guide to the major concerns of the League. This subseries also includes two boxes of correspondence. Much of the correspondence is related to the formation of the League in 1922-23, and gives a good accounting of the factionalism characterizing the labor movement in the window glass industry. There are also scattered files around particular issues for the 1930s and 1940s.","The president's files only span the years from 1948 to 1975. They are divided into two groups reflecting a previous arrangement. The first group spans 1948-58, and includes incoming and outgoing letters in the same files. There are five boxes of correspondence with national and local officers, arranged by the name of the local union, and five boxes of correspondence with other organizations or individuals, or on particular subjects. The second group includes a chronological file of outgoing letters spanning 1959-75, and incoming correspondence on particular subjects. Of particular note are the files on Civil Rights, Tariffs, and the Stone, Glass and Clay Coordinating Committee.","Series 2. Legal Matters, 1925-1975, boxes 1-5","This series is comprised of documents, correspondence and other materials relating to the cases of members pursued in the courts rather through collective bargaining mechanisms or national labor boards (which are in Series 4). This series also includes those cases in which members brought charges against the union or in which the union disciplined its members. Notable in this series are the cases of Vital Daspermont (1925), suspended for working in a non-union plant when he returned to Belgium for his family; or the Jehovah's Witnesses who lost their jobs for failing to salute the flag in the days after the attack on Pearl Harbor; the Shuler recall case (1944) which resulted in the dismissal of the League's president; the trials of members in Henryetta, Ok., (1950-56) for refusal to pay League fines; and the George Philippe case (1942-53) in which Philippe sued the League for violating his patent. It is also worth noting how the number of international cases increased dramatically following the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947).","Series 3. Secretary-Treasurer's Correspondence, 1935-1975, boxes 1-106","The Secretary-Treasurer's files detail the day-to-day administration of the League. For much of the time covered by the files in this series, the Secretary-Treasurer was H.D. Nixon, one of the founders of the League. His correspondence includes both incoming and outgoing letters, and the arrangement of the files is consistent for the years 1935 to 1960. For each year, there are typically four boxes of correspondence arranged in the following manner: correspondence with the president, with the members of the executive board (arranged by the local which the member represented), with the preceptors and secretaries of each local, with other organizations and followed by a general correspondence file arranged alphabetically. The largest bulk of the correspondence is with the officers of each of the locals. Indeed, it is through these files that the relationship of the national and local unions becomes evident. In addition, frequently contained in this correspondence are the minutes of local meetings, transmitted to the national office. Consequently, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are important in illuminating the problems facing locals and the rank and file members.","After 1960, the files become sparser, and the last ten boxes are grouped in two time periods, 1961 to 1965, and 1966 to 1974. In addition, there is a box of minutes of local meetings spanning the years 1965 to 1974. In general, to understand the relations and communication from the national officers to the rank and file, the Secretary-Treasurer's files are key.","Series 4. Collective Bargaining Files, 1918-1975, boxes 1-32","Collective bargaining records are divided into two subseries, Agreements and Contracts, and Contract Maintenance. In the first subseries are the documents concerning the negotiation of wage scales and working rules between the League and the various companies in the industry. There are three boxes of printed contracts arranged chronologically and by company spanning through the years 1918 to 1975. There are also nine boxes of negotiations files which include: minutes of union-company meetings to discuss wages, proposals and counterproposals, correspondence, and the union's files of documents and supporting materials for its proposals. There is also one box of material concerning negotiations over apprenticeship standards. In general, the documentation for later rounds of negotiations is superior to that for earlier years.","The second subseries contains materials relating to the ongoing relationship with the companies in the administration of the collective bargaining agreements. Included are nine boxes of correspondence with the companies spanning the years 1922 to 1970, one box of reports of meetings with company officials on a wide range of issues, and two boxes of arbitration case files. All of these files are arranged by company, and then chronologically. There are also six boxes of documents concerning cases brought before the National War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board. Finally, there are three boxes of material relating to grievances filed by members against individual companies. These are arranged by company, and then chronologically.","Series 5. Membership Records, 1906-1975, boxes 1-26 and 5 reels of microfilm","Included in this series are records pertaining to apprenticeships, wages, dues checkoffs, and the career patterns of members of the League. Particularly important is the documentation of nearly every phase of the apprenticeship program. There are six boxes of applications to learn the craft of window-glass cutting; the first box even predates the formation of the League. To be granted an apprenticeship; normally the applicant needed either a brother or a father already in the craft, so the application forms enable the tracing of family relationships in addition to age, ethnicity and other characteristics. There are also tabulations charting applications, approvals, the work progress, and eventual discharge of apprentices.","Career patterns are documented by individual membership cards for all members of the League. These cards indicate the beginning and end dates for each member's work record at the different plans in the industry dating from the 1920s. One box of seniority lists documents age of the workforce at the various plants as well as the continuous time in service from the 1930s to the 1970s. Finally, weekly statistical reports from the locals charting wages and dues comprise thirteen boxes and six reels of microfilm. To reduce the bulk, these statistical reports have been sampled in the following manner: for the Clarksburg plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a continuous run of the reports has been microfilmed; for the Charleston plant of the Libbey-Owens-Ford company, a monthly sample of the original copies have been preserved; for several of the smaller companies that went out of business in the 1930s or 1940s, the entire run was filmed; and for the remaining locals, either a quarterly or biennial sample was saved.","Series 6. Administrative and Financial Files, 1928-1975, boxes 1-8 and 15 volumes","This series contains principally the files relating to the administration of the League's headquarters. Reports of compliance with government regulations (i.e., equal employment opportunities, LM-2 reports following the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and loyalty affidavits in the wage of the Taft-Hartley Act) comprise one box, while audit reports, monthly financial statements, and IRS reports fill three boxes. Also included are contracts and negotiations files with the union representing the League's office employees. Fifteen volumes of ledgers document in detail the finances of the League from 1931 to 1975. Perhaps the most interesting items in the series, however, are the published issues of The Glass Cutter, the monthly publication of the League. An entire run of the publication survives, but it was interrupted several times. Dates of publication span 1928 to 1932, 1938 to 1958, and 1965 to 1970. Finally, there is a box of memorabilia which includes a memorial album of League members serving in the service during World War II. The album carries the service record and a photo of each member.","Series 7. Related Organizations, 1876-1970, boxes 1-10 and 17 volumes","This series contains the extant records of the predecessor and rival unions in the window glass industry, several of which merged into the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Records for Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor include a two-volume index to the membership rolls (1876-1902), certificates of apprenticeship and initiation, and some scattered issues of by-laws, minutes, convention proceedings, and wage scales, mostly dating from 1895 to 1905. There are a few items for both the United Window Glass Workers of America (1902-04) and the Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08) which were successors to the Local Assembly 300, attempting to represent all the crafts in the industry.","More extensive records exist for the two rival organizations which attempted to unite just the cutters and flatteners. For the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America, there are fairly complete executive board minutes (1904-30), some correspondence, membership records, wage scales and working rules, and two volumes of an apprentices register. A rival organization, the Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1909-36) began as a result of an unsuccessful strike in 1907-08. Its influence was limited pretty much to the Pittsburgh and southwestern Pennsylvania area. Records for the Protective Association include executive board minutes (1910-34), a membership ledger, an apprentice's ledger, wage scales (1916-33), and a scrapbook covering the formation of the Protective Association (1909-12). Of particular note in these records are the files illuminating the antitrust case brought against the companies and the unions in the window glass industry immediately following World War I.","Less complete files exist for the National Window Glass Workers of America (1903-31) and the Federation of Flat Glass Workers of America (1934-70). Both of these unions attempted to organize all workers in the window glass industry. For the National, there are minutes (1916-28), wage scale booklets, some correspondence, president's reports (1918-22), and two volumes of membership rolls (1903-22). For the Federation, which was started by former League president Glen McCabe and which became one of the founding organizations of the CIO, the files relate principally to the early years of the Federation in 1934-37.","Finally, there are seven volumes of scrapbooks and an oversize box of photographs containing historical documents spanning the years 1887 to 1957. They have been placed in this series because rarely do they focus on a single organization. Instead, it appears that window glass workers interested in the history of labor in the industry simply selected interesting items, often in a random fashion, to place in the scrapbooks. Included are letters, membership items, photos, newspaper clippings, and memorabilia documenting selected facets of the history of labor in the window glass industry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6178a38e1d410790fa68a44c70fd2b82\"\u003eCorrespondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, minute books, financial records, photographs, broadsides, publications, and other materials of the League, and the archives of other defunct craft unions entrusted to the Window Glass Cutters League of America. Organizations other than the League whose records are included are: Local Assembly 300, Knights of Labor (ca.1876-1905); Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America (1904-08); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America (1907-1929); Window Glass Workers Association of America (1902-1904); Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America (1911-1925); and the National Window Glass Workers (1914-1924). See the scope and content note for information regarding record series found in this collection. See the control folder in the manuscripts room for a listing of contents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b297373e812190a3717103b0d88e094\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_coll_ssim":["Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Window Glass Cutters League of America","Amalgamated Window Glass Workers of America.","Knights of Labor. Local Assembly 300","Knights of Labor","National Window Glass Workers of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Association of America","Window Glass Cutters and Flatteners Protective Association of America","Window Glass Workers Association of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:57:32.353Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_394"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":211},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":3113},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":27},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":17},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":311},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampden-Sydney College","value":"Hampden-Sydney College","hits":82},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hampden-Sydney+College"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":690},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":79},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":328},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"The Different Styles of Architecture as Illustrated by the Public Buidings [sic] of Washington, D.C.\" by Margaret Brooks booklet, 1906","value":"\"The Different Styles of Architecture as Illustrated by the Public Buidings [sic] of Washington, D.C.\" by Margaret Brooks booklet, 1906","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22The+Different+Styles+of+Architecture+as+Illustrated+by+the+Public+Buidings+%5Bsic%5D+of+Washington%2C+D.C.%22+by+Margaret+Brooks+booklet%2C+1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton, N.Y. Veterans minute book, 1871/1911","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton, N.Y. Veterans minute book, 1871/1911","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton%2C+N.Y.+Veterans+minute+book%2C+1871%2F1911\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902/1920","value":"A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902/1920","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+D.+Lough+correspondence%2C+1902%2F1920\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers%2C+1928%2F2017\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. H. Hand Papers, 1835/2009","value":"A. H. Hand Papers, 1835/2009","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+H.+Hand+Papers%2C+1835%2F2009\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Davis Family Collection, 1874/2007, bulk 1874/1907","value":"A. J. Davis Family Collection, 1874/2007, bulk 1874/1907","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Davis+Family+Collection%2C+1874%2F2007%2C+bulk+1874%2F1907\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. K. Leake Papers, 1872/1940","value":"A. K. Leake Papers, 1872/1940","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+K.+Leake+Papers%2C+1872%2F1940\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. S. Lara papers, 1856/1861","value":"A. S. Lara papers, 1856/1861","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+S.+Lara+papers%2C+1856%2F1861\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. W. Luster Receipt, 1906","value":"A. W. Luster Receipt, 1906","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+W.+Luster+Receipt%2C+1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. Willis Robertson Papers, 1921/1988, bulk 1946/1966","value":"A. Willis Robertson Papers, 1921/1988, bulk 1946/1966","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Willis+Robertson+Papers%2C+1921%2F1988%2C+bulk+1946%2F1966\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, 1838/1959","value":"A.B. Stickney, Compiler, Genealogical Materials, 1838/1959","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.B.+Stickney%2C+Compiler%2C+Genealogical+Materials%2C+1838%2F1959\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"0","value":"0","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=0"}},{"attributes":{"label":"994","value":"994","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=994"}},{"attributes":{"label":"995","value":"995","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=995"}},{"attributes":{"label":"996","value":"996","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=996"}},{"attributes":{"label":"997","value":"997","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=997"}},{"attributes":{"label":"998","value":"998","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=998"}},{"attributes":{"label":"999","value":"999","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=999"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1001","value":"1001","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1001"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1002","value":"1002","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1002"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1003","value":"1003","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1003"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton+.+N.+Y.+Veterans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","value":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=A+La+Vieille+Russie+%28Firm%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Academy+of+Sciences+and+Fine+Arts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","value":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+David+C.%2C+1869-1959\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","value":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+Isaac%2C+1832-1908\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","value":"Ackerson, John Thaddeus, 1898-1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ackerson%2C+John+Thaddeus%2C+1898-1975\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Edith","value":"Adams, Edith","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Edith\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Herbert Baxter, 1850-1901","value":"Adams, Herbert Baxter, 1850-1901","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Herbert+Baxter%2C+1850-1901\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","value":"Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John+Quincy%2C+1767-1848\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852","value":"Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Louisa+Catherine%2C+1775-1852\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Akers, Lilly \u0026 Ellison Families","value":"Akers, Lilly \u0026 Ellison Families","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Akers%2C+Lilly+%26+Ellison+Families\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"(Williamina Parrish","value":"(Williamina Parrish","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%28Williamina+Parrish"}},{"attributes":{"label":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","value":"4-H Clubs - West Virginia.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=4-H+Clubs+-+West+Virginia."}},{"attributes":{"label":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","value":"6th Battery of Binghamton . N. Y. Veterans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=6th+Battery+of+Binghamton+.+N.+Y.+Veterans"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","value":"A La Vieille Russie (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A+La+Vieille+Russie+%28Firm%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","value":"A. D. Handy, Stereopticons and Supplies (Boston, Ma)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+D.+Handy%2C+Stereopticons+and+Supplies+%28Boston%2C+Ma%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. W. Luster","value":"A. W. Luster","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+W.+Luster"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","value":"A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.G.+Lichtenstein+and+Associates"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","value":"A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.G.+Spalding+%26+Bros"}},{"attributes":{"label":"AFL-CIO","value":"AFL-CIO","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=AFL-CIO"}},{"attributes":{"label":"AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","value":"AFL-CIO. Committee on Political Education","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=AFL-CIO.+Committee+on+Political+Education"}},{"attributes":{"label":"ANTA (Organization)","value":"ANTA (Organization)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=ANTA+%28Organization%29"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","value":"Abb's Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Abb%27s+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","value":"Accomack County (Va.)--History","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County+%28Va.%29--History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County, V.A.","value":"Accomack County, V.A.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County%2C+V.A."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa","value":"Africa","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa, East--Maps","value":"Africa, East--Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa%2C+East--Maps"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aguaruna indigenous group","value":"Aguaruna indigenous group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Aguaruna+indigenous+group"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alabama","value":"Alabama","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alabama"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alabama--History","value":"Alabama--History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alabama--History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alabama--History--19th century","value":"Alabama--History--19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alabama--History--19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alaska--Description and travel--19th century","value":"Alaska--Description and travel--19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alaska--Description+and+travel--19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","value":"19th Century U.S. Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=19th+Century+U.S.+Newspapers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"20th Century U.S. Newspapers","value":"20th Century U.S. Newspapers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=20th+Century+U.S.+Newspapers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"4-H clubs -- West Virginia","value":"4-H clubs -- West Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=4-H+clubs+--+West+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abolition of slavery","value":"Abolition of slavery","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abolition+of+slavery\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academic records","value":"Academic records","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academic+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academic theses","value":"Academic theses","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academic+theses\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academic writing","value":"Academic writing","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academic+writing\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academies","value":"Academies","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academies\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academies (Private schools)","value":"Academies (Private schools)","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academies+%28Private+schools%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Academies and Institutes.","value":"Academies and Institutes.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academies+and+Institutes.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Account Books","value":"Account Books","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+Books\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":544},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Class","value":"Class","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Class"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":2986},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":10117},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":2439},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record group","value":"Record group","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+group"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Section","value":"Section","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Section"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":1670},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sub-Fonds","value":"Sub-Fonds","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-Fonds"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sub-Group","value":"Sub-Group","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-Group"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":48},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1818\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}