{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1904\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":11,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.11: Paris, 1895/1996","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the city of Paris. Theatres include the Cabaret Lido Paris, Theatre De La Renaissance, and the Theatre National de L'Opera.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.11: Paris","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.11: Paris"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.11: Paris"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.11: Paris, 1895/1996"],"text":["Subseries 1.11: Paris, 1895/1996","Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009","(2 folders)","This subseries includes playbills from the city of Paris. Theatres include the Cabaret Lido Paris, Theatre De La Renaissance, and the Theatre National de L'Opera."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-1996"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":90,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"physdesc_tesim":["(2 folders)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the city of Paris. Theatres include the Cabaret Lido Paris, Theatre De La Renaissance, and the Theatre National de L'Opera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This subseries includes playbills from the city of Paris. Theatres include the Cabaret Lido Paris, Theatre De La Renaissance, and the Theatre National de L'Opera."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Rodrigues playbill collection","title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"text":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)","Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.","Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"unitid_tesim":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Rodrigues, brother of Charles Rodrigues, October 21, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d46ac9a9e4e3a7b9dc6e8e0b7d7a8d53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":563,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c11"}},{"id":"vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01"],"id":"vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_churchpostcards","_root_":"vifgm_churchpostcards","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_churchpostcards_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_churchpostcards_c01","parent_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_churchpostcards","vifgm_churchpostcards_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors,","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010"],"text":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010","Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1904-2010"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:19:52.252Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_churchpostcards","ead_ssi":"vifgm_churchpostcards","_root_":"vifgm_churchpostcards","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_churchpostcards","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/churchpostcards.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/churchpostcards","title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1904-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"text":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","C0317","Catholic church buildings.","Church buildings.","Lutheran church buildings","Postcards.","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is organized into four series by denomination. Within Series 1-3, postcards are organized alphabetically by state or province.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-1910 (Boxes 1-7)\n        Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10)\n        Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11)\n        Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12)","Williams, Peter W. \"Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States.\" Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , which contains postcards from a German World War I medic.","This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries, Lutheran church exteriors and Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.","George Mason University. Libraries.Special Collections Research Center.","Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999","Collection is primarily in English.  Some postcard messages are in Swedish."],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0317"],"unitid_tesim":["C0317"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries.Special Collections Research Center."],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999","George Mason University. Libraries.Special Collections Research Center."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Teigen on 9/11/2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catholic church buildings.","Church buildings.","Lutheran church buildings","Postcards."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catholic church buildings.","Church buildings.","Lutheran church buildings","Postcards."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.0 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":["3.0 linear ft."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series by denomination. Within Series 1-3, postcards are organized alphabetically by state or province.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-1910 (Boxes 1-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series by denomination. Within Series 1-3, postcards are organized alphabetically by state or province.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-1910 (Boxes 1-7)\n        Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10)\n        Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11)\n        Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eWilliams, Peter W. \"Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States.\" Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Williams, Peter W. \"Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States.\" Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eImmigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Gustav Klemp German World War I collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/gustavklempcollection.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which contains postcards from a German World War I medic.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , which contains postcards from a German World War I medic."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries, Lutheran church exteriors and Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries, Lutheran church exteriors and Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries.Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries.Special Collections Research Center.","Teigen, Philip M., 9999-9999"],"language_ssim":["Collection is primarily in English.  Some postcard messages are in Swedish."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:19:52.252Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_churchpostcards_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01","parent_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010"],"text":["Subseries 1.1: Lutheran church exteriors, 1904/2010","Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010","box 1-7","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2010"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"containers_ssim":["box 1-7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:54.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_505.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection","title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"text":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010","C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505","Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches\n      Series 2: Roman Catholic churches\n      Series 3: Episcopal churches\n      Series 4: Other denominations\n      Series 5: Additional postcards","\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W. Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.","Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the Gustav Klemp World War I collection, Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, and Lavinia Scott papers.","The DC History Center holds the Philip Teigen papers, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.","This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.","R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","English\n      Swedish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, 1904/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"unitid_tesim":["C0317","/repositories/2/resources/505"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Teigen in September 2018.","Additional materials donated by Phil Teigen in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catholic church buildings","Church buildings","Lutheran church buildings","Anglican church buildings","Postcards","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Postcards","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series by denomination and then chronologially.","Series 1: Lutheran churches\n      Series 2: Roman Catholic churches\n      Series 3: Episcopal churches\n      Series 4: Other denominations\n      Series 5: Additional postcards"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Peter W. \u003ctitle\u003eHouses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States\u003c/title\u003e. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"MS 0960 - Philip Teigen Papers.\" 2024. DC History Center. 2024. https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847.","Williams, Peter W. Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhilip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImmigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Philip M. Teigen (b. 1941) is a trained historian of science and medicine, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976, and spent his professional life working as a historian at McGill University in Montréal, Canada and the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. Additionally, he completed many projects surrounding the history of religious congregations, primarily Lutheran, in both Washington, D.C. and throughout North America, including identifying and researching the history of thirty-three Lutheran congregations in the District and photographing forty-fifty buildings that represent current or past Lutheran congregations.","Immigrants from Europe and Asia brought a wide variety of Christian beliefs to North America. As Peter Williams notes, \"The pluralism of America's religious experience is a given from the beginnings, first for the colonial settlements in aggregate, then later in virtually every town, city, and state\" (\"Houses of God\", xii). He goes on to describe how these many religious groups impacted the built environment as they came \"in succeeding waves of immigration, each bringing with them and/or adapting for their own purposes a wide variety of types of houses of worship and other sacred sites and structures\" (\"Houses of God,\" xii). This diversity of religious architecture is reflected in material commemorative culture, including through postcards."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection, C0317, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in October 2018. Additional processing completed and finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from April-May 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0250\"\u003eGustav Klemp World War I collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0511\"\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0506\"\u003eLavinia Scott papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe DC History Center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://dchistory.catalogaccess.com/archives/109847\"\u003ePhilip Teigen papers\u003c/a\u003e, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other postcard collections, including the Gustav Klemp World War I collection, Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, and Lavinia Scott papers.","The DC History Center holds the Philip Teigen papers, which includes Teigen's decade-long research on the Lutheran churches of Washington, D.C., along with original photographs of local Lutheran churches."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains postcards from churches of many denominations across the United States and Canada. The postcards date from 1904-2010, although many are undated. The processor included undated in the date range for a series or box if it seemed likely that some of the postcards in the group date from outside the given range. More than half of the postcards depict Lutheran churches; there are also many postcards of Roman Catholic churches and Episcopal churches, as well as other Christian denominations. Many of the postcards contained mailed correspondence on the back from a mix of senders and recipients, but the number and location of these has not been noted in the finding aid. The postcards are organized by denomination and alphabetically by state (sometimes city), as well as whether they depict church interiors or exteriors. The collections contains five series.","Series 1: Lutheran churches, 1904-2010 (Boxes 1-7) includes postcards of Lutheran churches from the United States and Canada. It is divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Lutheran church exteriors and Sub-series 2: Lutheran church interiors.","Series 2: Roman Catholic churches, 1907-1995 (Boxes 8-10) includes postcards of Roman Catholic churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 3: Episcopal churches, 1908-1983, undated (Boxes 10-11) includes postcards of Episcopal churches across the United States and Canada.","Series 4: Other denominations, 1908-2000 (Boxes 11-12) is the smallest series, and includes postcards of a variety of churches, including Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Orthodox, and other denominations, as well as non-denominational.","Series 5: Additional postcards, circa 1910s-2000s (Box 13) includes additional postcards donated in 2019. Dates for postcards in this series were determined based on stamps where possible and were otherwise estimated based on style and design. It is divided into four subseries. Sub-series 1: Additional Lutheran churches (circa 1910s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Lutheran churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. One postcard depicts a church in Ontario, Canada which has been placed at the end of the state arrangement before the oversized. Sub-series 2: Additional Roman Catholic churches (circa 1950s-2000s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Roman Catholic churches. Postcards are arranged by size and then alphabetically by state, with oversized items at the end. Sub-series 3: Additional Episcopal churches (circa 1950s-1980s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of Episcopal churches. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by state. Sub-series 4: Additional other denominations (circa 1950s-1990s) includes postcards depicting both exterior and interior images of churches for a variety of other denominations and uses. Postcards are arranged alphabetically by use or denomination and then alphabetically by state."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref8\"\u003eThis collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains postcards of churches of many Christian denominations from the United States and Canada."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_25039d10bd6b223a8c06bf9333b89608\"\u003eR 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 54, C 3, S 3-4\n\nR 54, C 4, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M."],"language_ssim":["English\n      Swedish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:54.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_505_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area, 1892/1989","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePlaybills in this subseries are from the Boston Museum, Carousel Theatre, Charles Playhouse, Colonial Theatre, Copley Theatre, Music Hall, the New Globe Theatre, North Shore Music Theatre, Plymouth Theatre, Saxon Theatre, Shubert Theatre, South Shore Music Circus, Sumner Theatre, and the Wilbur Theatre in Boston. There is also one playbill from the Court Square Theatre in Springfield, MA, one from The Dettors Theatre in Concord, MA, two from the Provincetown Playhouse On-the-wharf in Provincetown, MA, and a review of a play from Tilton, NH.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area, 1892/1989"],"text":["Subseries 1.2: Boston and surrounding area, 1892/1989","Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009","(.5 box)","Playbills in this subseries are from the Boston Museum, Carousel Theatre, Charles Playhouse, Colonial Theatre, Copley Theatre, Music Hall, the New Globe Theatre, North Shore Music Theatre, Plymouth Theatre, Saxon Theatre, Shubert Theatre, South Shore Music Circus, Sumner Theatre, and the Wilbur Theatre in Boston. There is also one playbill from the Court Square Theatre in Springfield, MA, one from The Dettors Theatre in Concord, MA, two from the Provincetown Playhouse On-the-wharf in Provincetown, MA, and a review of a play from Tilton, NH."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1892/1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1892-1989"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":4,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"physdesc_tesim":["(.5 box)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlaybills in this subseries are from the Boston Museum, Carousel Theatre, Charles Playhouse, Colonial Theatre, Copley Theatre, Music Hall, the New Globe Theatre, North Shore Music Theatre, Plymouth Theatre, Saxon Theatre, Shubert Theatre, South Shore Music Circus, Sumner Theatre, and the Wilbur Theatre in Boston. There is also one playbill from the Court Square Theatre in Springfield, MA, one from The Dettors Theatre in Concord, MA, two from the Provincetown Playhouse On-the-wharf in Provincetown, MA, and a review of a play from Tilton, NH.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Playbills in this subseries are from the Boston Museum, Carousel Theatre, Charles Playhouse, Colonial Theatre, Copley Theatre, Music Hall, the New Globe Theatre, North Shore Music Theatre, Plymouth Theatre, Saxon Theatre, Shubert Theatre, South Shore Music Circus, Sumner Theatre, and the Wilbur Theatre in Boston. There is also one playbill from the Court Square Theatre in Springfield, MA, one from The Dettors Theatre in Concord, MA, two from the Provincetown Playhouse On-the-wharf in Provincetown, MA, and a review of a play from Tilton, NH."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Rodrigues playbill collection","title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"text":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)","Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.","Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"unitid_tesim":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Rodrigues, brother of Charles Rodrigues, October 21, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d46ac9a9e4e3a7b9dc6e8e0b7d7a8d53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":563,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.4: Chicago, 1894/2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the Blackstone Theatre, Columbia Theatre, the Goodman Theatre, and the Happy Medium Theatre in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.4: Chicago","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.4: Chicago"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.4: Chicago"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.4: Chicago, 1894/2003"],"text":["Subseries 1.4: Chicago, 1894/2003","Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009","(4 folders)","This subseries includes playbills from the Blackstone Theatre, Columbia Theatre, the Goodman Theatre, and the Happy Medium Theatre in Chicago."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894/2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-2003"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":31,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"physdesc_tesim":["(4 folders)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the Blackstone Theatre, Columbia Theatre, the Goodman Theatre, and the Happy Medium Theatre in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This subseries includes playbills from the Blackstone Theatre, Columbia Theatre, the Goodman Theatre, and the Happy Medium Theatre in Chicago."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Rodrigues playbill collection","title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"text":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)","Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.","Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"unitid_tesim":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Rodrigues, brother of Charles Rodrigues, October 21, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d46ac9a9e4e3a7b9dc6e8e0b7d7a8d53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":563,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 1.7: London, 1879/2006","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the Abbey Theatre, Adelphi Theatre, Apollo Theatre, Comedy Theatre, Daly's Theatre, Duke of York's Theatre, Her Majesty's A Stoll Moss Theatre, Lyric Theatre, National Theatre, New London Theatre, The New Lyric Opera House, New Theatre, Palace Theatre, Palladium, Phoenix Theatre, Piccadilly Theatre, Prince Edward Theatre, Prince of Wales Theatre, Queen's Hall, The Queen's Theatre, Roundabout Theatre, Royal Court Theatre, Royal Lyceum Theatre, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Savoy Theatre, Shaftesbury Theatre, Strand Theatre, St. James Theatre, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Theatre Royal Haymarket, Victoria Palace Theatre, Wyndham's Theatre in London, the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, and the Alexandrian Theatre in Liverpool.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01","parent_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 1.7: London","title_ssm":["Subseries 1.7: London"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 1.7: London"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 1.7: London, 1879/2006"],"text":["Subseries 1.7: London, 1879/2006","Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009","(1 box)","This subseries includes playbills from the Abbey Theatre, Adelphi Theatre, Apollo Theatre, Comedy Theatre, Daly's Theatre, Duke of York's Theatre, Her Majesty's A Stoll Moss Theatre, Lyric Theatre, National Theatre, New London Theatre, The New Lyric Opera House, New Theatre, Palace Theatre, Palladium, Phoenix Theatre, Piccadilly Theatre, Prince Edward Theatre, Prince of Wales Theatre, Queen's Hall, The Queen's Theatre, Roundabout Theatre, Royal Court Theatre, Royal Lyceum Theatre, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Savoy Theatre, Shaftesbury Theatre, Strand Theatre, St. James Theatre, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Theatre Royal Haymarket, Victoria Palace Theatre, Wyndham's Theatre in London, the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, and the Alexandrian Theatre in Liverpool."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1879-2006"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":46,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"physdesc_tesim":["(1 box)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":27,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes playbills from the Abbey Theatre, Adelphi Theatre, Apollo Theatre, Comedy Theatre, Daly's Theatre, Duke of York's Theatre, Her Majesty's A Stoll Moss Theatre, Lyric Theatre, National Theatre, New London Theatre, The New Lyric Opera House, New Theatre, Palace Theatre, Palladium, Phoenix Theatre, Piccadilly Theatre, Prince Edward Theatre, Prince of Wales Theatre, Queen's Hall, The Queen's Theatre, Roundabout Theatre, Royal Court Theatre, Royal Lyceum Theatre, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Savoy Theatre, Shaftesbury Theatre, Strand Theatre, St. James Theatre, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Theatre Royal Haymarket, Victoria Palace Theatre, Wyndham's Theatre in London, the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, and the Alexandrian Theatre in Liverpool.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This subseries includes playbills from the Abbey Theatre, Adelphi Theatre, Apollo Theatre, Comedy Theatre, Daly's Theatre, Duke of York's Theatre, Her Majesty's A Stoll Moss Theatre, Lyric Theatre, National Theatre, New London Theatre, The New Lyric Opera House, New Theatre, Palace Theatre, Palladium, Phoenix Theatre, Piccadilly Theatre, Prince Edward Theatre, Prince of Wales Theatre, Queen's Hall, The Queen's Theatre, Roundabout Theatre, Royal Court Theatre, Royal Lyceum Theatre, Royal Opera House Covent Garden, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Savoy Theatre, Shaftesbury Theatre, Strand Theatre, St. James Theatre, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Theatre Royal Haymarket, Victoria Palace Theatre, Wyndham's Theatre in London, the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, and the Alexandrian Theatre in Liverpool."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#6","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Rodrigues playbill collection","title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"text":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009","C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113","Broadway (New York, N.Y.)","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)","Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.","Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, 1879/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"unitid_tesim":["C0184","/repositories/2/resources/113"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"places_ssim":["Broadway (New York, N.Y.)"],"creator_ssm":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phil Rodrigues, brother of Charles Rodrigues, October 21, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Theater -- United States","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theater programs","Musical Theater -- New York (State) -- New York"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 38 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series, two of which are based on location, and a final series for film programs, music scores, ticket stubs, and advertisements.","Series\n      Series 1: Outside New York City, 1879-2009 (boxes 1-5, 37)\n      Series 2: New York City, 1885-2009 (boxes 6-34, 37-38)\n      Series 3: Film Programs, music scores, and ticket stubs, 1909-2009 (boxes 34-38)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues was an avid theatre enthusiast who amassed a large collection of playbills and programs by attending shows, purchasing programs at yard sales and thrift stores, trading with other collectors, and inheriting collections from friends. Rodrigues began collecting playbills at performances he attended on and off Broadway in 1961. He would also attend performances around the United States and abroad and collect playbills from these shows. One sizable addition came from Richard W. Rowan who also collected playbills from shows he attended. Many of these playbills date from World War I to the 1930s. The oldest part of the Rodrigues collection dates to the late 19th century and is from a movie theatre that used the playbills as cushioning between the older vaudeville stage and the newer movie theatre stage."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Rodrigues playbill collection, C0184, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger in 2011. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in April 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections on theatre and the performing arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, as well as theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, but it also includes programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.","The collection consists of three series, two of which are based on geographic location, divided by date, and then arranged alphabetically by play title. Playbills from performances prior to 1934 are included at the beginning of each series in alphabetical order by play followed by playbills that date 1934 and onward. If the name of the play was not present the name of theatre is used instead. Series one consists of fourteen subseries each including playbills and programs from theatres outside of New York City. Subseries 1.1 to 1.14 consist of programs from Austria, Boston, California, Chicago, Connecticut, Florida, London, New York State, New Jersey, Ohio, Paris, Philadelphia, Toronto, and Washington D.C. respectively. Series two consists of programs from productions performed in New York City, on and off Broadway, and in Brooklyn. Plays are listed alphabetically within each series and often one play title represents more than one playbill. Many of the playbills have ticket stubs attached to the front cover or loose inside. Newspaper clippings relating to the play also accompany some of the programs. The final series includes programs from films, music scores, theatre advertisement mailings, and ticket stubs. Within this series music scores are listed first in alphabetical order followed by film programs and then mailings from theatres, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets and advertisements, show announcements, and assorted ticket stubs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d46ac9a9e4e3a7b9dc6e8e0b7d7a8d53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles Rodrigues playbill collection consists of playbills and programs from 1879-2009. The bulk of the collection material represents plays performed on and off Broadway, but it also includes programs from theatres in Philadelphia, Boston, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Ohio, and Chicago. This collection represents a broad cross-section of programs with plays as the main source, as well as, programs from burlesque houses, vaudeville performances, and concerts. Playbills can be important documents for researchers in that they depict the world of theatre changing over time and often provide rich information about prevailing cultural and social attitudes of the moment through articles and advertisements."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Rodrigues, Charles"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rodrigues, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":563,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:11.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_113_c01_c07"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03","parent_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-series 1: Records and mementos","title_ssm":["Sub-series 1: Records and mementos"],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 1: Records and mementos"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998"],"text":["Sub-series 1: Records and mementos, 1891/1998","Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998","box Box 23-28, 33-36, 40-41, 56, 59-61, 63, 65-66, 72, map-case 8.3","Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 3: Personal materials, 1891/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1891/1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891, circa 1909-1998"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":543,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"containers_ssim":["box Box 23-28, 33-36, 40-41, 56, 59-61, 63, 65-66, 72, map-case 8.3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":129,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Sub-series 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_651.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lavinia Scott papers","title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"text":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651","South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts","Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010.","The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.","R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"unitid_tesim":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were brought to George Mason University by former Provost Peter Stearns, Lavinia Scott's nephew, in 2018. Before coming to Special Collections in early 2021, members of the George Mason University history faculty, as well as history graduate students, worked with the material."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"date_range_isim":[1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eLavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers\u003c/a\u003e which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/463\"\u003eFranklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers\u003c/a\u003e. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the \u003ca href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3023\"\u003eAfrican missions records\u003c/a\u003e, as well as the Finding Aid for the \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/mehealy/presentations\"\u003eInanda Seminary Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e completed between 2008 – 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80cc4e1315ef5dc6c32b4320325dcd33\"\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81acf2a66423a9d0915a1666348eb948\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":973,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 1: South African mission, 1885/1917","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02","parent_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-series 1: South African mission","title_ssm":["Sub-series 1: South African mission"],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 1: South African mission"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 1: South African mission, 1885/1917"],"text":["Sub-series 1: South African mission, 1885/1917","Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997","box 12-20, 39, 56-58, 63, 65-66, map-case 8.3","Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885, 1917-1990s"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":273,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"containers_ssim":["box 12-20, 39, 56-58, 63, 65-66, map-case 8.3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":204,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Sub-series 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_651.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lavinia Scott papers","title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"text":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651","South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts","Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010.","The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.","R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"unitid_tesim":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were brought to George Mason University by former Provost Peter Stearns, Lavinia Scott's nephew, in 2018. Before coming to Special Collections in early 2021, members of the George Mason University history faculty, as well as history graduate students, worked with the material."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"date_range_isim":[1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eLavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers\u003c/a\u003e which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/463\"\u003eFranklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers\u003c/a\u003e. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the \u003ca href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3023\"\u003eAfrican missions records\u003c/a\u003e, as well as the Finding Aid for the \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/mehealy/presentations\"\u003eInanda Seminary Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e completed between 2008 – 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80cc4e1315ef5dc6c32b4320325dcd33\"\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81acf2a66423a9d0915a1666348eb948\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":973,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03","parent_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera","title_ssm":["Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976"],"text":["Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976","Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976","box 4, 6-7, map-case 27.2","Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1862-1976"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":136,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"containers_ssim":["box 4, 6-7, map-case 27.2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":20,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:23.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_92.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alexander Haight family collection","title_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection"],"title_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1764-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1764-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1764/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"text":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized selections from this collection appear in the  Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project  hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS).","The collection is arranged into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Legal and financial documents\n      Series 3: Photographs and ephemera","Fairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership.","Alexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.","Despite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.","In 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981).","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia, such as the Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the Civil War, such as the William Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection, and World War I, including the Diary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop.","The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.","Series 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I.","R 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92"],"unitid_tesim":["C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"creator_ssm":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981"],"creator_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alexander Levi Haight in 1978."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet 7 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet 7 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized selections from this collection appear in the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/6210\"\u003e Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project \u003c/a\u003e hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized selections from this collection appear in the  Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project  hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Legal and financial documents\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Legal and financial documents\n      Series 3: Photographs and ephemera"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026amp;oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.","Despite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.","In 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Haight family collection, C0159, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, C0159, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/n79043615\"\u003eFairfax County\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1619\"\u003eNorthern Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War\u003c/a\u003e, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0239\"\u003eWilliam Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148236\"\u003eWorld War I\u003c/a\u003e, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0393\"\u003eDiary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia, such as the Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the Civil War, such as the William Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection, and World War I, including the Diary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.","Series 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1a9c21db7465505ff5fd6fb4dd32382c\"\u003eThe Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cca8c73795be2609e42bfc24f7715bf9\"\u003eR 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":156,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:23.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries 3.1: Playscripts, 1885/1986","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from productions performed around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03","parent_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939","Series 3: Library Records, 1885/1986"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries 3.1: Playscripts","title_ssm":["Subseries 3.1: Playscripts"],"title_tesim":["Subseries 3.1: Playscripts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries 3.1: Playscripts, 1885/1986"],"text":["Subseries 3.1: Playscripts, 1885/1986","Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939","Series 3: Library Records, 1885/1986","Subseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from productions performed around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939","Series 3: Library Records, 1885/1986"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939","Series 3: Library Records, 1885/1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-1986"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":648,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1460,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from productions performed around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Subseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from productions performed around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-24T12:00:50.382Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_331","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_331.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Federal Theatre Project collection","title_ssm":["Federal Theatre Project collection"],"title_tesim":["Federal Theatre Project collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1885-1986","1935-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1885-1986"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1935-1939"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939"],"text":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939","C0002","/repositories/2/resources/331","Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Political plays, American","Radio and theater","Theater programs","Theater -- United States","Theater","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Playscript","There are no access restrictions.","Portions of this collection were digitized and are available to view .","Arranged into five series.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 1-5, 361, 365-366, 368)\n      Series 2: Play Service and Research Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 5-105)\n      Series 3: Library Records, 1885-1986 (Boxes 106-306)\n      Series 4: Production Records, 193-193 (Boxes 307-363, 366-367)\n      Series 5: Costumes, circa 1935-1939 (Boxes 369-371)","The Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.","Like many New Deal programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Federal Theatre Project was intended not only to benefit its participants, but also to enrich the condition of the nation. Theater was a distinguished part of American popular culture, but the economic downturn of the Depression had bankrupted the entire theater industry. As the theater houses closed down, the nation was left without an outlet for theatrical creativity. According to Hallie Flanagan, this hurt the nation as much as it hurt the theater industry - indeed, the nation was their audience and the theater could provide entertaining distractions from the effects of Depression as well as offer commentary on present conditions.","But it was not enough to simply return to the pre-Depression concept of theater. In the first meeting with her staff Flanagan expressed her willingness to follow Roosevelt's experimental approach to public policy: \"In a changing world, a world of experiment, the stage too must experiment - with ideas, with the psychological relationship of men and women, with color and light.... The theatre must grow up.\"","Flanagan pursued her ideal of developing the relationship between the Federal Theatre and the federal government: \"Any theatre sponsored by the government of the United States should do no plays of a cheap, trivial, outworn or vulgar nature, but only such plays as the Government can stand proudly behind in a planned theatrical program, national in scope, regional in emphasis, and American in democratic attitude.\" To Flanagan, it was imperative that this new theater should be progressive and experimental, yet within a patriotic and informative framework.","The productions that best embodied Flanagan's views on theater were the Living Newspapers. These hard-hitting, poignant plays dealt with contemporary factual material, dramatizing issues such as housing, agriculture, labor, and destitution. Always ending on an upbeat note, Living Newspapers underscored the importance of hard work and morality in overcoming difficult times. Living Newspaper titles include: Triple A Plowed Under, Injunction Granted, One Third of a Nation, and Spirocheta.","The Federal Theatre was noted for employing Black Americans at a time when the Federal Government did not actively protect the rights of marginalized communities. This unit was called \"The Negro Unit,\" which at the time was a socially acceptable term used to describe people of African descent. All-Black theatre companies were an established industry before the Depression. As a result, the inclusion of this unit greatly contributed to the success of the Federal Theatre Project. Some of the most spectacular productions were put on by Black theater professionals, for example: Macbeth, Haiti, Turpentine, Run Little Chillun, and The Trial of Dr. Beck.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2012 by Greta Kuriger. Finding aid updated by Robert Vay in February 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, the Federal Theatre Project personal papers, the Arnold Sungaard papers, and the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection.","The scripts are also available as a series in the .","Content Warning: Some materials contain racist language and slurs, including play titles.","The Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies.","Series 1 contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, inventories, reorganization plans, briefs, and speeches relating to the background organization, policies, services, and procedures of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP). Publications featuring articles on productions and organizational activities such as Federal Theatre are included in this series. Personnel file information such as biographical and employee tests are also included, as is research studies of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Federal Art Project (FAP) and the Historical Records Survey (HRS). This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 is titled Play Service and Research Records and comprises two subseries. Subseries 2.1 contains research on drama, theatre technique, and theatre operations. This subseries is arranged alphabetically. Subseries 2.2 is titled Play Reader Reports and contains thousands of reports completed by the Federal Theatre for possible production or inclusion in play lists. This subseries is loosely arranged alphabetically by play title. Some duplicate material.","Series 3 is titled Library Records and consists of three subseries: Playscripts, Radio scripts, and Play lists. Subseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from over 900 productions performed or considered for production from around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 3.2 includes radio scripts. Series of shows include topics such as art, children's shows, mysteries, health, music, history, and science. Arranged alphabetically by series and single broadcast title. Subseries 3.3 consists of play lists. These lists were created to aid play selection among the various units of the Federal Theatre. Lists are arranged alphabetically by subject categories such as children's plays, historical drama, holidays, minstrel shows, operettas, puppet plays, and vaudeville.","Series 4 is titled Production Records and consists of three subseries: Production Title File, Playbills and Programs, and Music File. Subseries 4.1 includes memoranda, production bulletins, publicity, and reports relating to play productions. Each production bulletin contains some or all of the following: synopsis, director's report, set and costume designs, lighting scheme, blueprints, photographs, program, reviews, royalty information, and a script. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 4.2 includes programs, heralds, handbills, and other announcements of FTP productions on different sized and colored paper. The first section of this subseries is arranged alphabetically by state in which the performance was produced and then it is arranged alphabetically by play title. The second section is arranged alphabetically by play title. There may be duplicates between the two arrangements. Subseries 4.3 includes manuscript scores and parts for multiple Federal Theatre productions. Resource material used for reference purposes for play productions and Federal Theatre units and regions throughout the United States consists of mostly printed music and is found under \"miscellaneous\". Chiefly arranged alphabetically by title and then according to standard orchestral instrument order. Some duplicates.","Series 5 is titled Costumes and includes two coats and two pairs of pants created and used by the Federal Theatre Project.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies.","R 1, C 8, S 6 - C 9, S 7\n\nR 2, C 1, S 1 - C 8, S 3\nOS R 7, C 1, S1\nOS R 3, C 5, S 5 - S 6\nMap Case 9.1, 11.1, 11.3-11.5, 21.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939"],"collection_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, 1885/1986, bulk 1935/1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0002","/repositories/2/resources/331"],"unitid_tesim":["C0002","/repositories/2/resources/331"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Library of Congress."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Political plays, American","Radio and theater","Theater programs","Theater -- United States","Theater","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Playscript"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Children's theater","New Deal, 1933-1939","Political plays, American","Radio and theater","Theater programs","Theater -- United States","Theater","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Playscript"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["185 Linear Feet 371 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["185 Linear Feet 371 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playscript"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection were digitized and are available to view \u003cextptr href=\"https://digitalcollections.gmu.edu/search?c=Federal+Theatre+Project+collection\u0026amp;cc=Federal+Theatre+Project+collection\u0026amp;ln=en\" title=\"here\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Portions of this collection were digitized and are available to view ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into five series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Administrative Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 1-5, 361, 365-366, 368)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Play Service and Research Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 5-105)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Library Records, 1885-1986 (Boxes 106-306)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Production Records, 193-193 (Boxes 307-363, 366-367)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Costumes, circa 1935-1939 (Boxes 369-371)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into five series.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 1-5, 361, 365-366, 368)\n      Series 2: Play Service and Research Records, 1935-1939 (Boxes 5-105)\n      Series 3: Library Records, 1885-1986 (Boxes 106-306)\n      Series 4: Production Records, 193-193 (Boxes 307-363, 366-367)\n      Series 5: Costumes, circa 1935-1939 (Boxes 369-371)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLike many New Deal programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Federal Theatre Project was intended not only to benefit its participants, but also to enrich the condition of the nation. Theater was a distinguished part of American popular culture, but the economic downturn of the Depression had bankrupted the entire theater industry. As the theater houses closed down, the nation was left without an outlet for theatrical creativity. According to Hallie Flanagan, this hurt the nation as much as it hurt the theater industry - indeed, the nation was their audience and the theater could provide entertaining distractions from the effects of Depression as well as offer commentary on present conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBut it was not enough to simply return to the pre-Depression concept of theater. In the first meeting with her staff Flanagan expressed her willingness to follow Roosevelt's experimental approach to public policy: \"In a changing world, a world of experiment, the stage too must experiment - with ideas, with the psychological relationship of men and women, with color and light.... The theatre must grow up.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlanagan pursued her ideal of developing the relationship between the Federal Theatre and the federal government: \"Any theatre sponsored by the government of the United States should do no plays of a cheap, trivial, outworn or vulgar nature, but only such plays as the Government can stand proudly behind in a planned theatrical program, national in scope, regional in emphasis, and American in democratic attitude.\" To Flanagan, it was imperative that this new theater should be progressive and experimental, yet within a patriotic and informative framework.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe productions that best embodied Flanagan's views on theater were the Living Newspapers. These hard-hitting, poignant plays dealt with contemporary factual material, dramatizing issues such as housing, agriculture, labor, and destitution. Always ending on an upbeat note, Living Newspapers underscored the importance of hard work and morality in overcoming difficult times. Living Newspaper titles include: Triple A Plowed Under, Injunction Granted, One Third of a Nation, and Spirocheta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Theatre was noted for employing Black Americans at a time when the Federal Government did not actively protect the rights of marginalized communities. This unit was called \"The Negro Unit,\" which at the time was a socially acceptable term used to describe people of African descent. All-Black theatre companies were an established industry before the Depression. As a result, the inclusion of this unit greatly contributed to the success of the Federal Theatre Project. Some of the most spectacular productions were put on by Black theater professionals, for example: Macbeth, Haiti, Turpentine, Run Little Chillun, and The Trial of Dr. Beck.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.","Like many New Deal programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Federal Theatre Project was intended not only to benefit its participants, but also to enrich the condition of the nation. Theater was a distinguished part of American popular culture, but the economic downturn of the Depression had bankrupted the entire theater industry. As the theater houses closed down, the nation was left without an outlet for theatrical creativity. According to Hallie Flanagan, this hurt the nation as much as it hurt the theater industry - indeed, the nation was their audience and the theater could provide entertaining distractions from the effects of Depression as well as offer commentary on present conditions.","But it was not enough to simply return to the pre-Depression concept of theater. In the first meeting with her staff Flanagan expressed her willingness to follow Roosevelt's experimental approach to public policy: \"In a changing world, a world of experiment, the stage too must experiment - with ideas, with the psychological relationship of men and women, with color and light.... The theatre must grow up.\"","Flanagan pursued her ideal of developing the relationship between the Federal Theatre and the federal government: \"Any theatre sponsored by the government of the United States should do no plays of a cheap, trivial, outworn or vulgar nature, but only such plays as the Government can stand proudly behind in a planned theatrical program, national in scope, regional in emphasis, and American in democratic attitude.\" To Flanagan, it was imperative that this new theater should be progressive and experimental, yet within a patriotic and informative framework.","The productions that best embodied Flanagan's views on theater were the Living Newspapers. These hard-hitting, poignant plays dealt with contemporary factual material, dramatizing issues such as housing, agriculture, labor, and destitution. Always ending on an upbeat note, Living Newspapers underscored the importance of hard work and morality in overcoming difficult times. Living Newspaper titles include: Triple A Plowed Under, Injunction Granted, One Third of a Nation, and Spirocheta.","The Federal Theatre was noted for employing Black Americans at a time when the Federal Government did not actively protect the rights of marginalized communities. This unit was called \"The Negro Unit,\" which at the time was a socially acceptable term used to describe people of African descent. All-Black theatre companies were an established industry before the Depression. As a result, the inclusion of this unit greatly contributed to the success of the Federal Theatre Project. Some of the most spectacular productions were put on by Black theater professionals, for example: Macbeth, Haiti, Turpentine, Run Little Chillun, and The Trial of Dr. Beck."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFederal Theatre Project collection, C0002, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Federal Theatre Project collection, C0002, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2012 by Greta Kuriger. Finding aid updated by Robert Vay in February 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2012 by Greta Kuriger. Finding aid updated by Robert Vay in February 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, the Federal Theatre Project personal papers, the Arnold Sungaard papers, and the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scripts are also available as a series in the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"FTP digital collection\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/3478\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, the Federal Theatre Project personal papers, the Arnold Sungaard papers, and the Works Progress Administration oral histories collection.","The scripts are also available as a series in the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning: Some materials contain racist language and slurs, including play titles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, inventories, reorganization plans, briefs, and speeches relating to the background organization, policies, services, and procedures of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP). Publications featuring articles on productions and organizational activities such as Federal Theatre are included in this series. Personnel file information such as biographical and employee tests are also included, as is research studies of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Federal Art Project (FAP) and the Historical Records Survey (HRS). This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 is titled Play Service and Research Records and comprises two subseries. Subseries 2.1 contains research on drama, theatre technique, and theatre operations. This subseries is arranged alphabetically. Subseries 2.2 is titled Play Reader Reports and contains thousands of reports completed by the Federal Theatre for possible production or inclusion in play lists. This subseries is loosely arranged alphabetically by play title. Some duplicate material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 is titled Library Records and consists of three subseries: Playscripts, Radio scripts, and Play lists. Subseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from over 900 productions performed or considered for production from around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 3.2 includes radio scripts. Series of shows include topics such as art, children's shows, mysteries, health, music, history, and science. Arranged alphabetically by series and single broadcast title. Subseries 3.3 consists of play lists. These lists were created to aid play selection among the various units of the Federal Theatre. Lists are arranged alphabetically by subject categories such as children's plays, historical drama, holidays, minstrel shows, operettas, puppet plays, and vaudeville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is titled Production Records and consists of three subseries: Production Title File, Playbills and Programs, and Music File. Subseries 4.1 includes memoranda, production bulletins, publicity, and reports relating to play productions. Each production bulletin contains some or all of the following: synopsis, director's report, set and costume designs, lighting scheme, blueprints, photographs, program, reviews, royalty information, and a script. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 4.2 includes programs, heralds, handbills, and other announcements of FTP productions on different sized and colored paper. The first section of this subseries is arranged alphabetically by state in which the performance was produced and then it is arranged alphabetically by play title. The second section is arranged alphabetically by play title. There may be duplicates between the two arrangements. Subseries 4.3 includes manuscript scores and parts for multiple Federal Theatre productions. Resource material used for reference purposes for play productions and Federal Theatre units and regions throughout the United States consists of mostly printed music and is found under \"miscellaneous\". Chiefly arranged alphabetically by title and then according to standard orchestral instrument order. Some duplicates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 is titled Costumes and includes two coats and two pairs of pants created and used by the Federal Theatre Project.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: Some materials contain racist language and slurs, including play titles.","The Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies.","Series 1 contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, inventories, reorganization plans, briefs, and speeches relating to the background organization, policies, services, and procedures of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP). Publications featuring articles on productions and organizational activities such as Federal Theatre are included in this series. Personnel file information such as biographical and employee tests are also included, as is research studies of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Federal Art Project (FAP) and the Historical Records Survey (HRS). This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 is titled Play Service and Research Records and comprises two subseries. Subseries 2.1 contains research on drama, theatre technique, and theatre operations. This subseries is arranged alphabetically. Subseries 2.2 is titled Play Reader Reports and contains thousands of reports completed by the Federal Theatre for possible production or inclusion in play lists. This subseries is loosely arranged alphabetically by play title. Some duplicate material.","Series 3 is titled Library Records and consists of three subseries: Playscripts, Radio scripts, and Play lists. Subseries 3.1 includes hundreds of playscripts from over 900 productions performed or considered for production from around the United States. Most of the scripts are in English but some are in Yiddish or Italian. Some duplicate material. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 3.2 includes radio scripts. Series of shows include topics such as art, children's shows, mysteries, health, music, history, and science. Arranged alphabetically by series and single broadcast title. Subseries 3.3 consists of play lists. These lists were created to aid play selection among the various units of the Federal Theatre. Lists are arranged alphabetically by subject categories such as children's plays, historical drama, holidays, minstrel shows, operettas, puppet plays, and vaudeville.","Series 4 is titled Production Records and consists of three subseries: Production Title File, Playbills and Programs, and Music File. Subseries 4.1 includes memoranda, production bulletins, publicity, and reports relating to play productions. Each production bulletin contains some or all of the following: synopsis, director's report, set and costume designs, lighting scheme, blueprints, photographs, program, reviews, royalty information, and a script. Arranged alphabetically by title. Subseries 4.2 includes programs, heralds, handbills, and other announcements of FTP productions on different sized and colored paper. The first section of this subseries is arranged alphabetically by state in which the performance was produced and then it is arranged alphabetically by play title. The second section is arranged alphabetically by play title. There may be duplicates between the two arrangements. Subseries 4.3 includes manuscript scores and parts for multiple Federal Theatre productions. Resource material used for reference purposes for play productions and Federal Theatre units and regions throughout the United States consists of mostly printed music and is found under \"miscellaneous\". Chiefly arranged alphabetically by title and then according to standard orchestral instrument order. Some duplicates.","Series 5 is titled Costumes and includes two coats and two pairs of pants created and used by the Federal Theatre Project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0f4707cda45d410e12f09ae2a350510a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Federal Theatre Project collection contains administrative records, play service and research records, library records, production records, and costumes created or collected by the Federal Theatre Project from 1935 to 1939. A few items in the collection were created before or after this time period but directly relate to the 1930s material. This collection consists of original materials with some duplicates and photocopies."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d65479dc2ffe44debbb5af464a6479da\"\u003e\nR 1, C 8, S 6 - C 9, S 7\n\nR 2, C 1, S 1 - C 8, S 3\nOS R 7, C 1, S1\nOS R 3, C 5, S 5 - S 6\nMap Case 9.1, 11.1, 11.3-11.5, 21.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 1, C 8, S 6 - C 9, S 7\n\nR 2, C 1, S 1 - C 8, S 3\nOS R 7, C 1, S1\nOS R 3, C 5, S 5 - S 6\nMap Case 9.1, 11.1, 11.3-11.5, 21.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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