{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1903\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=6","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1903\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=5","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1903\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=7","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1903\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=285"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":6,"next_page":7,"prev_page":5,"total_pages":285,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":50,"total_count":2843,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria Library Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the Alexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"text":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. ","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"text":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. ","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. ","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. ","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. ","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. ","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. ","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. ","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. ","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. ","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors February 1794-February 1813 Rev. James Muir February 1813-February 1815 Hugh Smith February 1815-March 1824 John Roberts March 1824-February 1829 Hugh Smith February 1829-February 1835 John Richards February 1835-February 1840 John Roberts February 1840-1852 Elias Harrison 1852-February 1855 J. Louis Kinzer February 1855-September 1858 Francis Miller September 1858- February 1859 Richard L. Carne February 1859-September 1859 Caleb S. Hallowell September 1859-February 1860 William G. Cazenove February 1860-February 1870 Richard L. Carne February 1870-February 1873 K. Kemper February 1873-October 1873 Samuel H. Janney October 1873-February 1874 Sidney C. Neale February 1874-June 1879 Mercer Slaughter September 1897-October 1905 Virginia Corse July 1906-June 1925 Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe October 1925-April 1930 Loula Smoot April 1930-November 1933 Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule] December 1933-December 1934 Mary Lloyd December 1934-December 1936 Susan Thomson December 1936-November 1937 Mrs. Louis Scott November 1937-November 1944 Mrs. Curtis Backus November 1944-November 1946 Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett] November 1946-November 1947 Howard Worth Smith November 1947-October 1948 [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones October 1948-October 1949 Miss Horne October 1949-October 1950 Mr. Stanley King October 1950-December 1951 Mr. [Joseph] Crockett December 1951-February 1955 Mr. Robert Moncure February 1955-February 1957 Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox February 1957-February 1959 Stanley King February 1959-February 1962 Mangum Weeks February 1962-February 1963 Richard Bales February 1963-February 1965 Donald King February 1965-February 1967 David Squires February 1967-February 1969 Howard Worth Smith Jr. February 1969-February 1971 William Francis Smith February 1971-February 1972 John T. Ticer February 1972-February 1974 David M. Abshire February 1974-February 1976 Mrs. Merill Beede February 1976-February 1978 Mrs. Douglas Lindsey February 1978-February 1980 Clarke T. Cooper Jr. February 1980-February 1982 William Seale February 1982-February 1983 Denys Peter Myers February 1983-February 1985 William B. Hurd February 1985-February 1986 George J. Stansfield February 1986-February 1987 Dr. Ernest A. Connally February 1987-February 1989 Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr. February 1989-March 1991 James M. Lewis March 1991-March 1992 Mrs. Anne Smith Paul March 1992-March 1993 Richard R. G. Hobson March 1993-March 1995 Dabney Waring March 1995-March 1997 James R. Hobson March 1997-March 1998 Robert C. Reed March 1998-March 2000 Neil Horstman March 2000-March 2002 Carroll Johnson March 2002-March 2003 Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria February 1794-February 1796 Edward Stabler February 1796-February 1818 James Kennedy February 1818-August 1826 William Cranch August 1826-October 1829 W. Samuel Mark October 1829-March 1845 George Drinker March 1845-September 1845 James M. Eaches September 1845-September 1852 C.F. Stuart September 1852-April 1853 H. W. P. Junius September 1852-April 1853 L.? Hunter November 1853 Office Abolished February 1854-October 1855 E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe October 1855-September 1858 Norval E. Foard September 1858-February 1859 S. Scott February 1859-September 1859 Edward R. Roxbury September 1859-February 1860 James A. Clarridge February 1860-April 1861 Charles R. Burgess (acting) April 1861-Unknown Edwin N. Wise March 1868 Wr. Bushby April 1870-May 1871 August Henning July 1871-March 1872 W. F. Stansbury March 1872-August 1873 Emma J. Young October 1873-March 1876 Emily English March 1876 Position Eliminated June 1879 R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?) October 1900-October 1903 F. Olive Lyons October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946) Alice Green April 1937-December 1938 Miss Beatrice Workman January 1939-January 1941 Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn) February 1941-June 1948 Bessie Watson July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month) Ellen C. Burke July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958) Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. ","\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures] Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2 080 LEC 2 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3 080 LEC 3 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4 080 LEC 4 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5 080 LEC 5 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6 080 LEC 6 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7 080 LEC 7 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8 080 LEC 8 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9 080 LEC 9 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10 080 LEC 10 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11 080 LEC 11 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12 080 LEC 12 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13 080 LEC 13 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14 080 LEC 14 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15 080 LEC 15 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16 080 LEC 16 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17 080 LEC 17 Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18 080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:43.684Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria Sheriff's Department","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Late 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_23.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/23","title_ssm":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1948"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23"],"text":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23","Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States.","Collection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.","Copyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections.","Chronological order.","After 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987).","MS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.","MS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. ","Jail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with.","Late 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"creators_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. ","Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria Library by Mr. Richard R. Ruscak, Undersherrif, City of Alexandria on March 22, 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.27 Cubic Feet 2 legal size, 3 half legal size, 1 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["2.27 Cubic Feet 2 legal size, 3 half legal size, 1 oversize"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.","Copyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["After 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987)."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684e8041-3076-4fa5-a1a2-2c9e81f1f2b9/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records, MS054, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records, MS054, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.","MS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Jail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bdb1b6e76b7670baa7af1c3ef24a7b2a\"\u003eLate 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Late 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"persname_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_23.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/23","title_ssm":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1948"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23"],"text":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23","Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States.","Collection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.","Copyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections.","Chronological order.","After 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987).","MS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.","MS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. ","Jail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with.","Late 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS054","/repositories/2/resources/23"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records (MS054)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"creators_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. ","Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria Library by Mr. Richard R. Ruscak, Undersherrif, City of Alexandria on March 22, 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Prisoners -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Sheriffs","Police administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.27 Cubic Feet 2 legal size, 3 half legal size, 1 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["2.27 Cubic Feet 2 legal size, 3 half legal size, 1 oversize"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research.\nFragile handwritten documents. Handle with care.","Copyright has been assigned to the Alexandria Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Alexandria Library. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Alexandria Library as the owner of the physical items and as the owner of copyright in items created by the donor. Although copyright was transferred by the donor, copyright in some items in the collection may still be held by their respective creator(s). For further information contact the Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfter 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["After 1752, the Fairfax County Court appointed a sheriff to Alexandria, and around the same time the first jail in the city was located on Market Square near the courthouse. The jail was later moved to the foot of Wolfe Street before moving again to a new building constructed around 1825 on the northeast corner of Princess and North St. Asaph Streets. The St. Asaph Street building served as the city jail for over 150 years. Deteriorating conditions led to several lawsuits, and eventually to the renovation of the old jail in 1979 and the construction of the new Alexandria Detention Center (completed in 1987)."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684e8041-3076-4fa5-a1a2-2c9e81f1f2b9/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records, MS054, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Alexandria Office of Sheriff Jail Records, MS054, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS019, Alexandria City Records - Record of Prisoners, 1948-1952.","MS093, Captain Rufus Dudley Pettit Papers, July 1864-1865. Contains material on the Prince Street Prison during the Civil War. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Jail Registers noting both city and state prisoners showing name of prisoner, race, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, resolution of sentence, fees and fines; Commitments for Examination showing name of prisoner, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence, date of sentence; Court Orders showing date, name of prisoner, race, age, felony or misdemeanor charged with, sentence; Jail Service Certificates showing name of prisoner, date released, sentence time served; Police Court Commitments showing date, name of prisoner, sentence, felony or misdemeanor charged with."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bdb1b6e76b7670baa7af1c3ef24a7b2a\"\u003eLate 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Late 19th and early 20th century records from the Alexandria Sheriff's Department."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department","Ruscak, Richard R. "],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Sheriff's Department"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"persname_ssim":["Ruscak, Richard R. "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_23"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"text":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929 \nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929 \nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:55.263Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"text":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929 \nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929 \nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:55.263Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bolton, Alfred A.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2174.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/205775","title_ssm":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1900-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1900-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174"],"text":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174","Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material","Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial","No special access restriction applies. ","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized.","Papers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia.","Seven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17).","There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bolton, Alfred A.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creator_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creators_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Bolton, Juanita K., 2010/05/17"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.25 Linear Feet 26 ft. 3 in. (20 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 6 in.); (4 unboxed items)"],"extent_tesim":["26.25 Linear Feet 26 ft. 3 in. (20 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 6 in.); (4 unboxed items)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies. ","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3735, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material, A\u0026M 3735, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Seven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34977e29733ca6a356497e8c5540f0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bolton, Alfred A."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"persname_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:25:20.567Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2174.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/205775","title_ssm":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1900-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1900-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174"],"text":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174","Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material","Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial","No special access restriction applies. ","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized.","Papers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia.","Seven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17).","There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bolton, Alfred A.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3735","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2174"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creator_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"creators_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Bolton, Juanita K., 2010/05/17"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Personnel management","Psychology, Industrial","Research, Industrial"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.25 Linear Feet 26 ft. 3 in. (20 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 6 in.); (4 unboxed items)"],"extent_tesim":["26.25 Linear Feet 26 ft. 3 in. (20 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (1 large flat storage box, 6 in.); (4 unboxed items)"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies. ","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc. Not all material has been digitized."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3735, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Alfred A. Bolton, Papers regarding History of Management and Other Material, A\u0026M 3735, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Alfred A. Bolton, a professor specializing in the field of management history. He completed a dissertation that retrospectively analyzed the historically influential Hawthorne Studies that had been conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago from 1927-1932, of which he later wrote and lectured. The collection includes photocopies of original Hawthorne Studies records and related research material, copies of articles by Bolton, and videotapes related to management theory, history, and practice, among other material. There are also glass cutting tools that he inherited, or perhaps used as a journeyman glass cutter in Clarksburg, West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Seven record cartons and one small box containing books, primarily regarding management history and theory, were separated from the collection and given to Harold Forbes, Curator of Rare Books, for processing (2010/05/17)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no release forms accompanying the interviews Bolton conducted, so the West Virginia and Regional History Center is unable to grant permission for the use of these materials outside of research purposes. As with other materials at the WVRHC, permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34977e29733ca6a356497e8c5540f0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bolton, Alfred A."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"persname_ssim":["Bolton, Alfred A."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:25:20.567Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2174"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alfred E. Bradley Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9237#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9237#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9237.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bradley, Alfred E. Collection","title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1922","May 1916-June 1918"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["May 1916-June 1918"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237","Alfred E. Bradley Papers","Diseases","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--Medical and sanitary affairs","World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--France","United States. Army--Surgeons","Correspondence","Military records","Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Series 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers.","Alfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946)."," Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming."," During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York."," Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad."," Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley.","Papers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919).","The collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred E. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946)."," Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming."," During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York."," Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad."," Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred E. Bradley Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:12:54.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9237","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9237.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bradley, Alfred E. Collection","title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1922","May 1916-June 1918"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["May 1916-June 1918"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237"],"text":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237","Alfred E. Bradley Papers","Diseases","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--Medical and sanitary affairs","World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--France","United States. Army--Surgeons","Correspondence","Military records","Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Series 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers.","Alfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946)."," Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming."," During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York."," Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad."," Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley.","Papers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919).","The collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2007.59","/repositories/2/resources/9237"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diseases","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--Medical and sanitary affairs","World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--France","United States. Army--Surgeons","Correspondence","Military records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diseases","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--Medical and sanitary affairs","World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--France","United States. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Military Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 2: Personal Correspondence and Related Documents, Series 3: Hospital and Medical Equipment Information, Series 4: Manuscript and Series 5: Miscellaneous Papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alfred Eugene Bradley (1864-1922) was born in Jamestown, New York. He studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia graduating in 1887. That same year he married Letitia M. Follett (1867-1946)."," Dr. Bradley entered the Army Medical Corps in 1888 as a First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon at David's Island (Fort Slocum) in New York Harbor. He later served at Fort Omaha, Nebraska and Fort Sully, South Dakota, with temporary duties at the Bellevue Rifle Range and the Sioux uprising at the Rose Bud Indian Agency in South Dakota. In 1893, he achieved the rank of Captain and moved on to commands Fort Custer, Michigan and Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming."," During the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, Bradley served on a hospital ship traveling to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Japan, and Hawaii. Later, he served at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, as Attending Surgeon in the Philippines, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as Commanding Officer of the division hospital in the Philippines, at the Grand Army of the Republic encampment of Civil War veterans at Gettysburg in 1913, and at Governor's Island, New York."," Soon after the United States entered the war in April, 1917, Bradley was promoted to First Chief Surgeon with the American Expeditionary Force in France. He served in that capacity until May, 1918 when he was relieved of his post, and returned to the United States because of illness. In 1919, Bradley was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his service abroad."," Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Alfred E. Bradley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred E. Bradley Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alfred E. Bradley Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Papers spanning a wider timeframe in the life of Bradley can be found at the Thomas Jefferson University Archives and Special Collections in Philadelphia, Accession MS 012, titled Alfred E. Bradley Collection, 1885-1935 (bulk 1887-1919)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection of Alfred E. Bradley largely concerns his service, first as Military Observer and then as First Chief Surgeon, with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in England and France between 1916 and 1918. The bulk of the collection consists of papers and documents covering the period May 1916 through June 1918 and concerns Bradley's service in Europe during World War I. The collection includes correspondence and documents mainly relating to  Bradley's official capacity as Military Observer and Chief Surgeon as well as letters and documents of a personal nature."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:12:54.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9237"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_768#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_768#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_768.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/677","title_filing_ssi":"Elzner, Alfred Oscar, sketch book and album","title_ssm":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"title_tesim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768"],"text":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768","Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Alfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026 Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026 Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.","Source: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/","These items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.","The first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. ","The second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included.","Collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["Collection is open for research use."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.05 Cubic Feet 2 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.05 Cubic Feet 2 volumes"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026amp; Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026amp; Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026 Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026 Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.","Source: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16393, Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16393, Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.","The first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. ","The second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:31.732Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_768","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_768.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/677","title_filing_ssi":"Elzner, Alfred Oscar, sketch book and album","title_ssm":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"title_tesim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768"],"text":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768","Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Alfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026 Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026 Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.","Source: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/","These items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.","The first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. ","The second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included.","Collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16393","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/768"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"collection_ssim":["Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["Collection is open for research use."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.05 Cubic Feet 2 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.05 Cubic Feet 2 volumes"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026amp; Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026amp; Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alfred Oscar (A.O.) Elzner was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862. Elzner trained as an architect at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After apprenticing for a variety of architects, Elzner founded his own firm in 1887 and was later joined by fellow Cincinnati architect George Mendenhall Anderson in 1896. The resulting company—Elzner \u0026 Anderson—constructed a variety of buildings both within and without Ohio, such as the Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, Virginia. One of the best-known of these buildings is the Ingalls Building in Cincinnati: the world's first high-rise office building made from reinforced concrete. Elzner continued work with his firm after Anderson died in 1916, and Elzner eventually died in 1933. Under the leadership of Joseph Nardini, Elzner \u0026 Anderson continued to operate under that original name until the beginning of World War II.","Source: http://www.architecturecincy.org/programs/biographical-dictionary-of-cincinnati-architects/e/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16393, Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16393, Alfred Oscar Elzner sketch book and album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These items document the early-career inspiration and late-career work of architect Alfred Oscar Elzner.","The first album features approximately 75 sketches and floor plans made during Elzner's time working with architect James W. McLaughlin. The majority of the plans within the book are not Elzner's designs, but his sketches of houses he found interesting. Of particular interest to Elzner was Henry Hobson Richardson's work, and there are numerous sketches of the houses he designed. The sketches include William Burges' Tower house, and the Higginson House in Boston. The book also contains Elzner's submission to the Rotch's Traveling Scholarship in 1886. The design challenge for that year was to design an official mansion for the President of the United States. ","The second album is a photo album with fifteen photographs. Thirteen of the images are of Homestead Hotel in Hot Springs, VA. Elzner designed the main building of the hotel in a Neo-Georgian scheme. The remaining two images, dated 15 February 1920 and 22 April 1920, depict the construction of an addition to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur, West Virginia. A sketch of the finished structure, dated 1923, is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:31.732Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_768"}},{"id":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alice Maud Jones and Burton Family Pins","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Horner, Julia A.","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_3_resources_205","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_3_resources_205.xml","title_ssm":["Alice Maud Jones and Burton Family Pins"],"title_tesim":["Alice Maud Jones and Burton Family Pins"],"unitdate_ssm":["189x-192x"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["189x-192x"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HS.035","/repositories/3/resources/205"],"text":["HS.035","/repositories/3/resources/205","Alice Maud Jones and Burton Family Pins","Farmville (Va.)","Zeta Tau Alpha","YMCA of the USA","Alice Maud Jones attended State Female Normal School from 1898 to 1901. 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While a student, she was a founding member of the Zeta Tau Alpha sorority in 1898.  Additionally she served on the YWCA Religious Meeting Committee, was Vice President of the Tennis Club, and served as Business Manager of the yearbook. In 1904, she married William Horner of Henderson, North Carolina. Alice Maud Horner passed away in 1920, at the age of 41.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alice Maud Jones attended State Female Normal School from 1898 to 1901. While a student, she was a founding member of the Zeta Tau Alpha sorority in 1898.  Additionally she served on the YWCA Religious Meeting Committee, was Vice President of the Tennis Club, and served as Business Manager of the yearbook. In 1904, she married William Horner of Henderson, North Carolina. Alice Maud Horner passed away in 1920, at the age of 41."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection, which originate with Alice Maud Jones Horner and associated families, were donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives ca. 2011 by Julia A. Horner, the granddaughter of Alice Maud Jones Horner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials in this collection, which originate with Alice Maud Jones Horner and associated families, were donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives ca. 2011 by Julia A. Horner, the granddaughter of Alice Maud Jones Horner."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther names associated with this collection include: Louis Dibrell Horner, Frances Burton (Jones) Horner, Kalford Lee Burton, and Ruth Abbot Burton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other names associated with this collection include: Louis Dibrell Horner, Frances Burton (Jones) Horner, Kalford Lee Burton, and Ruth Abbot Burton."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.longwood.edu/repositories/3/resources/191\"\u003eEthelyn Legrand Jones Artwork\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ethelyn Legrand Jones Artwork"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes."],"names_ssim":["Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives","Horner, Julia A.","Jones, Alice Maud"],"corpname_ssim":["Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jones, Alice Maud","Horner, Julia A."],"persname_ssim":["Horner, Julia A.","Jones, Alice Maud"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Alice Maud Horner passed away in 1920, at the age of 41."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection, which originate with Alice Maud Jones Horner and associated families, were donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives ca. 2011 by Julia A. Horner, the granddaughter of Alice Maud Jones Horner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials in this collection, which originate with Alice Maud Jones Horner and associated families, were donated to the Farmville-Prince Edward Historical Society Archives ca. 2011 by Julia A. 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Henry Rice; Series III: Captain Samuel Davis; Series IV: Louis I. Jaffe; Series V: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Norfolk Division of William and Mary; Series II: Col. Henry Rice; Series III: Captain Samuel Davis; Series IV: Louis I. Jaffe; Series V: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlice Rice Jaffe was an art teacher at Old Dominion College/Old Dominion University in the 1960s and 1970s. Jaffe received her A.B. from Vassar College. She was married to the late Louis I. Jaffe, editor of the Virginian Pilot from 1919 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alice Rice Jaffe was an art teacher at Old Dominion College/Old Dominion University in the 1960s and 1970s. 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Contains material from Jaffe's family including her husband, journalist Louis I. Jaffe, her father, Colonel Henry Rice and ancestor, Captain Samuel Davis.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Includes assorted reports, newspaper articles and correspondence, etc. relating to Hampton Roads history and Old Dominion University's early history as Norfolk Division of William and Mary College. Contains material from Jaffe's family including her husband, journalist Louis I. Jaffe, her father, Colonel Henry Rice and ancestor, Captain Samuel Davis."],"names_coll_ssim":["Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"names_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"persname_ssim":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":41,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:49:49.349Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_3_resources_261","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_3_resources_261","_root_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_261","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_3_resources_261","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_3_resources_261.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/3/resources/261","title_filing_ssi":"Jaffe, Alice Rice","title_ssm":["Alice Rice Jaffe Papers"],"title_tesim":["Alice Rice Jaffe Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1807-1950, undated","1919-1950","Date acquired: 06/01/1977"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1919-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1807-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/01/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG 17-2B1","/repositories/3/resources/261"],"text":["RG 17-2B1","/repositories/3/resources/261","Alice Rice Jaffe Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Old Dominion University--Faculty","Ship captains","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in March 1980 and May 1981.","The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Norfolk Division of William and Mary; Series II: Col. Henry Rice; Series III: Captain Samuel Davis; Series IV: Louis I. Jaffe; Series V: Miscellaneous.","Alice Rice Jaffe was an art teacher at Old Dominion College/Old Dominion University in the 1960s and 1970s. Jaffe received her A.B. from Vassar College. She was married to the late Louis I. Jaffe, editor of the Virginian Pilot from 1919 to 1950.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The material in this collection relates to people in Alice Jaffe's life, rather than to Alice Jaffe personally. These persons include: Louis I. Jaffe, her husband and editor of the Virginian-Pilot from 1919 to 1950; Colonel Henry Rice, her father; and Captain Samuel Davis, an ancestor and ship's captain. A part of the collection includes materials on the first two decades of growth of the Norfolk Division of William and Mary which later became Old Dominion College and then Old Dominion University.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Includes assorted reports, newspaper articles and correspondence, etc. relating to Hampton Roads history and Old Dominion University's early history as Norfolk Division of William and Mary College. Contains material from Jaffe's family including her husband, journalist Louis I. Jaffe, her father, Colonel Henry Rice and ancestor, Captain Samuel Davis.","ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG 17-2B1","/repositories/3/resources/261"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alice Rice Jaffe Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alice Rice Jaffe Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Alice Rice Jaffe Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)"],"creator_ssim":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)"],"creators_ssim":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Alice R. Jaffe","Gift. Accession #A77-41"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Old Dominion University--Faculty","Ship captains"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Old Dominion University--Faculty","Ship captains"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.80 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.80 Linear Feet","2 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in March 1980 and May 1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in March 1980 and May 1981."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: Series I: Norfolk Division of William and Mary; Series II: Col. Henry Rice; Series III: Captain Samuel Davis; Series IV: Louis I. Jaffe; Series V: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series: Series I: Norfolk Division of William and Mary; Series II: Col. Henry Rice; Series III: Captain Samuel Davis; Series IV: Louis I. Jaffe; Series V: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlice Rice Jaffe was an art teacher at Old Dominion College/Old Dominion University in the 1960s and 1970s. Jaffe received her A.B. from Vassar College. She was married to the late Louis I. Jaffe, editor of the Virginian Pilot from 1919 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alice Rice Jaffe was an art teacher at Old Dominion College/Old Dominion University in the 1960s and 1970s. Jaffe received her A.B. from Vassar College. She was married to the late Louis I. Jaffe, editor of the Virginian Pilot from 1919 to 1950.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Alice Rice Jaffe Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Alice Rice Jaffe Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material in this collection relates to people in Alice Jaffe's life, rather than to Alice Jaffe personally. These persons include: Louis I. Jaffe, her husband and editor of the Virginian-Pilot from 1919 to 1950; Colonel Henry Rice, her father; and Captain Samuel Davis, an ancestor and ship's captain. A part of the collection includes materials on the first two decades of growth of the Norfolk Division of William and Mary which later became Old Dominion College and then Old Dominion University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The material in this collection relates to people in Alice Jaffe's life, rather than to Alice Jaffe personally. These persons include: Louis I. Jaffe, her husband and editor of the Virginian-Pilot from 1919 to 1950; Colonel Henry Rice, her father; and Captain Samuel Davis, an ancestor and ship's captain. A part of the collection includes materials on the first two decades of growth of the Norfolk Division of William and Mary which later became Old Dominion College and then Old Dominion University."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8273bab22ab9e1347b5788ed21502631\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIncludes assorted reports, newspaper articles and correspondence, etc. relating to Hampton Roads history and Old Dominion University's early history as Norfolk Division of William and Mary College. Contains material from Jaffe's family including her husband, journalist Louis I. Jaffe, her father, Colonel Henry Rice and ancestor, Captain Samuel Davis.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Includes assorted reports, newspaper articles and correspondence, etc. relating to Hampton Roads history and Old Dominion University's early history as Norfolk Division of William and Mary College. Contains material from Jaffe's family including her husband, journalist Louis I. Jaffe, her father, Colonel Henry Rice and ancestor, Captain Samuel Davis."],"names_coll_ssim":["Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"names_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU University Archives","Old Dominion University. Department of Art","Norfolk College of William and Mary","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division"],"persname_ssim":["Jaffe, Alice Rice (1888-1950)","Jaffe, Louis I.(Louis Isaac) (1888-1950)","Webb, Louis","Rice, Henry","Davis, Samuel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":41,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:49:49.349Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_3_resources_261"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2003.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records","title_ssm":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"title_tesim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1995.019"],"text":["Ms.1995.019","Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Collection is open to research.","Additional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future.","Materials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.","Series are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically.","The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution."," The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region."," The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.","For additional information see: Alleghany Chapter , National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Daughters of the American Revolution","The guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist.","The Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.","Two boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.","The collection houses the  Virigina DAR News Bulletin  from 1962-1991 and the  Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine  from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.","The programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.","The collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.","An oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1995.019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"collection_ssim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The initial collection was donated to Special Collections in July 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.5 Cubic Feet 14 boxes; 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["10.5 Cubic Feet 14 boxes; 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.","Series are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eFor additional information see:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://bbvadar.googlepages.com/\"\u003eAlleghany Chapter\u003c/a\u003e, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.dar.org/\"\u003eDaughters of the American Revolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution."," The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region."," The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.","For additional information see: Alleghany Chapter , National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Daughters of the American Revolution"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records, Ms1995-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records, Ms1995-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection houses the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirigina DAR News Bulletin\u003c/title\u003e from 1962-1991 and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaughters of the American Revolution Magazine\u003c/title\u003e from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.","Two boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.","The collection houses the  Virigina DAR News Bulletin  from 1962-1991 and the  Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine  from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.","The programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.","The collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.","An oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cf198be2b776d50581219dd6c2a21cc0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter."],"names_coll_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:35:36.314Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2003.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records","title_ssm":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"title_tesim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1995.019"],"text":["Ms.1995.019","Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Collection is open to research.","Additional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future.","Materials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.","Series are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically.","The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution."," The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region."," The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.","For additional information see: Alleghany Chapter , National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Daughters of the American Revolution","The guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist.","The Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.","Two boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.","The collection houses the  Virigina DAR News Bulletin  from 1962-1991 and the  Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine  from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.","The programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.","The collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.","An oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1995.019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"collection_ssim":["Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The initial collection was donated to Special Collections in July 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.5 Cubic Feet 14 boxes; 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["10.5 Cubic Feet 14 boxes; 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional materials were donated in May 1997, June 1998, November 2000, April 2009, February 2011, January 2012, and August 2017. Additional donations are expected in the future."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials in this collection are arranged in the following series: Series I: Administrative Information (including chapter history, membership records, constitution and by-laws), 1890-2010; Series II: Awards, 1912-1953; Markers and Memorials (including information on placement of grave and memorial markers and obituaries), 1968-2006; Minutes and Financial Records (ledgers), 1911-2019; Publications (including yearbooks, conference programs, bulletins, and newspaper clippings), 1910-2009; and Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1938-2022.","Series are arranged in alphabetical order. Materials within each series are arranged by material type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eFor additional information see:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://bbvadar.googlepages.com/\"\u003eAlleghany Chapter\u003c/a\u003e, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.dar.org/\"\u003eDaughters of the American Revolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to \"perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots, and the erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual services of the Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries.\" The motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\" Membership in the D.A.R. is eligible to \"any woman 18 years or older, regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background, who can prove lineal descent from a patriot of the American Revolution.\" \"Patriot\" includes several types of military, civil, or other service in the course of the Revolution."," The Alleghany Chapter was organized in Blacksburg, Virginia, in January 1911. The first officers of the chapter were Mrs. Paul Barringer, Regent; Miss Ellen McDonald, Vice–Regent; Mrs. Alexander Black, Treasurer; Mrs. J.S.A. Johnson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nelson Mayo, Corresponding Secretary; and Mrs. James Otey, Registrar and Chair of the History Committee. Many of the charter members were descended from pioneers who held land in the New River section of the Alleghany Mountains, now known as \"Trans–Alleghany Pioneers.\" The original members chose the name \"Alleghany\" over an individual hero of the Revolutionary War as their name, to preserve the colonial history and traditions of the region."," The chapter members erected several markers in Blacksburg and the region memorializing people and events of its colonial history. Most noteworthy is the marker at Barger Fort on Ribbles Spring in Christiansburg, on the grave of Revolutionary soldier and early settler Giles Thomas in the Blacksburg Cemetery, and in memory of Col. William Patton and the pioneers who lost their lives in the Drapers Meadow Massacre in 1755, placed near Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg.","For additional information see: Alleghany Chapter , National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Daughters of the American Revolution"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records, Ms1995-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records, Ms1995-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the July 1995 donation and May 1997 accrual of the Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records was completed in November 1996 and October 1997 by student assistants Helen Harrison and Gina Ellis, and by Laura Katz Smith, Manuscripts Curator. The June 1998, November 2000, and April 2009 accruals were processed in April 2009 by Kira A. Dietz, Processing and Acquisitions Archivist. The 2011 accrual was processed in December 2011, at which time minor changes were made to the descriptive information. January 2012 materials were added to the collection at the time of their donation. 2017 materials were processed in September 2017. The October 2014, October 2019, and November 2024 materials were processed in April 2025 by Kat Zinn, Project Archivist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection houses the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirigina DAR News Bulletin\u003c/title\u003e from 1962-1991 and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaughters of the American Revolution Magazine\u003c/title\u003e from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alleghany Chapter, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Records contain several types of materials including bound books and ledgers, published bulletins and magazines, conference and committee programs, scrapbooks, and historical newsclippings. The collection also contains the original charter and framed awards.","Two boxes of the collection consist of bound books or ledgers. Box 1 contains Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution rosters from the founding of the DAR in 1890 through the mid-1930s, and a National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book from 1898. Box 9 holds Alleghany Chapter ledgers: membership records, 1911-1991; meeting minutes, 1911-2009; and financial records, 1957-2010.","The collection houses the  Virigina DAR News Bulletin  from 1962-1991 and the  Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine  from 1928-1932, 1987. It also contains incomplete runs of Alleghany Chapter yearbooks and supplements from 1947 to 2009 and the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution yearbooks from 1980 to 1991.","The programs in the collection relate to chapter, state, and national Daughters of the American Revolution conferences and committees. Examples include materials from Alleghany Chapter annual meetings, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Congress programs and centennial celebration literature, and Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution State Conferences.","The collection includes several scrapbooks and folders of loose newsclippings. The scrapbooks feature photographs of local and national events, programs, and correspondence related to scholarships and service. Scrapbooks in this collection date from 1931 through 2016. The newsclippings often relate to individual members of the Alleghany Chapter, as well as to chapter projects and interests (i.e. the Preston family, the Smithfield plantation, and grave/memorial markers). Clippings in the collection range from the 1920s to the 1970s and come from a variety of local and regional newspapers.","An oversize box (Box 8) contains the original framed charter for the Alleghany Chapter from 1911.The application for the charter is also a part of the collection and can be found in Box 10. Box 8 also houses several framed awards the chapter received between 1942 and 1953."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cf198be2b776d50581219dd6c2a21cc0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) was formed in 1890 as an organization to perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Indepedence, to encourage historical research in relation to the Revolution, and to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniversaries. The records consist of rosters, D.A.R. magazines, contitutions and by–laws, minutes and membership ledgers, yearbooks, scrapbooks, news bulletins, obituaries of members, and the original charter of the Alleghany Chapter."],"names_coll_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Daughters of the American Revolution. Alleghany Chapter (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:35:36.314Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2003"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frankenberry, Allen D.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Four diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5348","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5348.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198643","title_ssm":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"title_tesim":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1870, 1905","1862-1865"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1862-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1870, 1905"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348"],"text":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348","Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir","Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals.","No special access restriction applies.","Allen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. ","Allen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.","[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Four diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\"","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Frankenberry, Allen D.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"collection_title_tesim":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"collection_ssim":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creator_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creators_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"places_ssim":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 Linear Feet Summary: 2 in. (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 Linear Feet Summary: 2 in. (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAllen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAllen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Allen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. ","Allen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.","[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir, A\u0026amp;M 1785, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir, A\u0026M 1785, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cf75767c356080e23b0e2e8eed529e9c\"\u003eFour diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Four diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e4910a5f856596c51bf4870150fe6f2f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Frankenberry, Allen D.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"persname_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1870, 1905","1862-1865"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1862-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1870, 1905"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348"],"text":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348","Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir","Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals.","No special access restriction applies.","Allen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. ","Allen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.","[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Four diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\"","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Frankenberry, Allen D.","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1785","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5348"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"collection_title_tesim":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"collection_ssim":["Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creator_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"creators_ssim":["Frankenberry, Allen D."],"places_ssim":["Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War --  War diaries","Civil War - Pennsylvania 15th Cavalry, Company K.","Civil War battles - Atlanta.","Diaries and journals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.17 Linear Feet Summary: 2 in. (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.17 Linear Feet Summary: 2 in. (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAllen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAllen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Allen D. Frankenberry was born on August 13, 1841, the son of Samuel and Eliza Frankenberry, of Springhill, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He attended Waynesburg College before enlisting in Company K of the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry on August 20, 1862. From May to September 1863, when he was disabled while delivering a message, Frankenberry served as an orderly at Gen. William S. Rosecrans's headquarters. He had been transferred to the Signal Corps, 14th Army, Department of the Cumberland, in October 1863, so after being released from the hospital in April 1864, Frankenberry joined the Signal Corps in Georgia. Frankenberry was mustered out of service in June 1865. He returned to Point Marion, Pa., where he established a lumber business in 1867. ","Allen Frankenberry married Carrie Conn on December 31, 1868, and their daughter, Retta Conn Frankenberry, was born on October 24, 1869. Carrie Frankenberry died in 1874, and Allen Frankenberry was remarried to Mary A. Sheets. They had three children. Allen D. Frankenberry died on February 23, 1909.","[Biographical information from Allen Frankenberry's granddaughter, Mrs. I.L. Van Voorhis, and the USGenWeb Archives.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir, A\u0026amp;M 1785, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Allen D. Frankenberry, Soldier, Civil War Diaries and Memoir, A\u0026M 1785, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cf75767c356080e23b0e2e8eed529e9c\"\u003eFour diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Four diaries and a nineteen-page memoir of Allen D. Frankenberry (1841-1909), who served chiefly as an orderly and signalman in the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry from August 1862 to September 1863 and the U.S. Signal Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from October 1863 to June 1865. Frankenberry's diaries are available only on microfilm and are divided into four volumes: Book I, August 20, 1862-September 10, 1863; Book II, September 9, 1864-February 15, 1865; Book III, February 16, 1865-March 8, 1865; and Book IV, January 1, 1868-September 30, 1870. Books I, II, and III document Frankenberry's Civil War service with almost daily entries that chiefly describe his movements (travel in Pennsylvania and Maryland in 1862, Tennessee and Kentucky in 1863, Georgia and North Carolina in 1864 and 1865), foraging for food, rations, camp and quarters, drill, and horses. There is very little information about battles, except for Frankenberry's Signal Corps duty at Kennesaw Mountain and during the battle of Allatoona Pass in October 1864. Topics from the fall of 1864 and early 1865 also include Gen. William T. Sherman, Maj. Gen. John Corse, and prisoners in North Carolina. Book IV tells of Frankenberry's life after the war, including the cutting, sawing, and selling of timber in Point Marion, Penn., and his daily life, including church, home, and marriage. Collection also includes a photocopy of Frankenberry's Civil War memoir. Most of this nineteen-page document, which was written circa 1905, focuses on the Signal Corps during the battle of Allatoona Pass and Frankenberry's return visit to the site of the battle in 1895. He describes the actions and messages of Gen. William T. Sherman and Maj. Gen. John Corse and the gospel song \"Hold the Fort.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e4910a5f856596c51bf4870150fe6f2f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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