{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=7","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=6","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=8","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026page=27"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":7,"next_page":8,"prev_page":6,"total_pages":27,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":60,"total_count":262,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Cash Books","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_40","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records","Series II: History, Financial","Sub-Series A: Cash Books","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records","Series II: History, Financial","Sub-Series A: Cash Books","Box 3"],"text":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records","Series II: History, Financial","Sub-Series A: Cash Books","Box 3","Folder 1: Cash Books","box 3","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Cash Books","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Cash Books"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Cash Books"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1893-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Cash Books"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":87,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Cash Books, 1893-1897, Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 3, Folder 1, Cash Books, 1893-1897, Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_40","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_40.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/40","title_filing_ssi":"Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk","title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1891-1978, undated","Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1891-1978, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/13/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"text":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40","Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records","Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History","Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.","The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.","The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task  the  establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.","ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 13","/repositories/5/resources/40"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"collection_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Board, Louauna S. Byrd, President","Gift. Accession #A77-3"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florence Crittenton Homes Association--History","National Florence Crittenton Mission","Teenage pregnancy","Unmarried mothers--United States--History","Maternity homes--United States--History","Unmarried mothers--Services for--United States--History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"extent_tesim":["24.60 Linear Feet","39 Hollinger Documents Cases; Seven Hollinger Oversized Boxes; and several oversized posters boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers with two exceptions. Boxes 5-12a are permanently closed to the researcher because they contain sensitive employee and personnel records. Secondly, delivery room registers are closed to all patrons except those mentioned in the records because they are health records. Please note that the last names of all mothers and children born at Florence Crittenton Home have been redacted from the records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eighteen series: Series I: History, General; Series II: History, Financial; Series III: History, Payroll; Series IV: Admissions and Procedures; Series V: Studies and Reports; Series VI: State Licensing Procedure; Series VII: Office Procedures; Series VIII: Records of the President; Series IX: Records of the Treasurer; Series X: Records of the Board; Series XI: Committees and Supporting Agencies; Series XII: Grants and Consultant Services; Series XIII: Memorials and Testimonials; Series XIV: Closing of the Home; Series XV: Correspondence; Series XVI: Miscellaneous; Series XVII: Scrapbooks and Photographs; and Series XVIII: Memorabilia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLargely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ethe \u003c/emph\u003eestablishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1894: Charter obtained in April\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1899: Obstetrical ward added\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1911: Day Nursery for working class children established\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florence Crittenton Association of America (FCAA) began in New York City in 1883. Mr. Charles Nelson Crittenton was a wealthy wholesale druggist whose four-year-old daughter, Florence, died in 1882. Six months later, on April 19, 1883, he opened the Florence Night Mission at 29 Bleeker Street as a memorial to her. Intended initially to help the prostitutes of that city escape from that lifestyle, its scope was gradually enlarged to include other women needing help. The name was changed to The Florence Crittenton Mission, and Congress gave its approval when, by a special act in 1893, it passed its articles of incorporation.","The Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk was certainly among the earliest ones found in this country. In 1891, Mrs. R. H. Jones, the president of the Virginia Women's Christian Temperance Union befriended one unwed mother in Norfolk. This action, in turn, was followed by the establishment of a little two-room house in the Huntersville area, which was later closed when a five-room area was located in the Brambleton area of the city. These two homes were both known as \"The White Anchorage.\"","At the 1893 National W.C.T.U. Conference in Denver, the Norfolk Chapter gave a report of its work and Mr. Crittenton was so impressed that he contributed one thousand dollars to aid their effort. As a result, the name of the Home was changed to Florence Crittenton and it was incorporated as such in Virginia in 1894.","Largely because of Mr. Crittenton's strenuous efforts in support of this new service, many Crittenton Homes were soon opened throughout the country. At first, these homes were also designed as \"Rescue Homes\" but the scope of services, particularly after World War I, gradually shifted to caring for unwed mothers and their children. The only exception to this was the Barrett Home in New York City, which was a residential treatment center for adolescent girls.","The highwater mark of the National Crittenton Program came during the 1960's when there were more than seventy maternity homes, the Barrett Home, and a non-residential service for unwed mothers in Lowell, Massachusetts. Though changing social patterns, customs, and laws led to a gradual decline in the total number of homes during the 1970's, thirty-five homes, including one in Lynchburg, Virginia, remained in operation as late as 1978.","For various reasons, the National Crittenton organization found it necessary to operate as two separate but cooperative agencies. The first, known as The National Florence Crittenton Mission, is primarily concerned with all financial matters affecting the individual homes and the national organization. The Mission coordinates the various levels of its work through \"The Central Extension Committee\" which derives its members from the Mission's ranks and from each of the participating homes. This committee had as its initial task  the  establishment of the Florence Crittenton Association of America, an agency with the tasks of consultation, setting of standards, doing research for the member agencies, and developing relationships with similar organizations.","In this structure, the member homes operated as cooperative but autonomous entities who, apart from certain qualification standards and financial matters, generally charted their own direction.","While the National Association is staffed by professional social workers and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various homes, the Mission administers an endowment left by Mr. Crittenton and expanded by Dr. Robert South Barrett, long time president of the Mission. This Mission also pays the largest share of the Association's expenses and keeps in reserve an amount to help the individual homes in building and alteration projects. Any requests for such funds, which were received by the Association, were passed directly to the Mission, whose president is a member of the Association's Executive Board.","Mr. Crittenton died in 1911 and was succeeded as President of the Mission by Dr. Kate Waller Barrett; upon her death in 1925, her son, Dr. Robert South Barrett became president; and he, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Rear Admiral (Ret) John P. Barrett.","In a brief ceremony on June 1, 1977, Mrs. John A. Byrd, President of the Florence Crittenton Board, turned over the deed to the Crittenton property to Old Dominion University. A resolution from that Board was read by Board member Mrs. Irving Salsbury, and a plaque recognizing the gift was unveiled by Mrs. James A. Howard; Mrs. Byrd; Dr. Charles O. Burgess, Vice President for Academic Affairs at ODU; and Mercer Davis, President of the ODU Educational Foundation.","In expressing the University's appreciation for the Crittenton Board's generosity, Dr. Burgess said \"Like the Crittenton Home, Old Dominion University is committed to serving the needs of the area - of this region. ODU's School of Continuing Studies will be located here, allowing continued growth in its programs that are already serving more than 20,000 persons each year in noncredit and off-campus credit programs.\"","The subsequent 80-year history of the Norfolk Home was a rich and varied effort to meet the needs of unwed mothers and their children. The following is a brief chronology of the home:","1891: Founding of \"The White Anchorage\"","1893: The National Convention of W.C.T.U where Mr. Crittenton donated $1,000.00 to the Norfolk effort. Name changed to the \"Florence Crittenton Home\"","1894: Charter obtained in April","1897: Mr. Crittenton visited Norfolk Home","1899: Obstetrical ward added","1909: Clara E. Marshall began working at the Norfolk Home","1911: Day Nursery for working class children established","1920: Norfolk Home moved to 52nd Street (\"Beth—Haven\") and Norfolk Day Nursery began to operate independently","1923: Became member agency of Norfolk Community Fund","May 31, 1940: Clara E. Marshall died","August 1941: Velma Mauk employed as new Superintendent (Here after designated Executive Director)","1945-59: Home consisted of two older houses connected by arcade. There were living facilities for 24 residents and all babies were delivered on the premises.","1950-54: West building condemned; a new and larger house built for residents; staff continued to use remaining old house. The obstetrical ward at the home was closed and new arrangements made with Norfolk General Hospital.","1954: Velma Mauk retired; Genrose Gehri employed as new Executive Director","1955-59: Staff increased and professionalized;  new dietary program established; new fee schedule introduced","1960-64: Nursery Closed; accredited school established in June 1963; registered nurse employed full-time","February 26, 1964: Mrs. Chesley Lamb employed as Executive Director","March 1, 1964: Miss Genrose Gehri retired as Executive Director","October 10, 1965: Mrs. Chesley Lamb resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director; Miss Genrose Gehri returned as Temporary Executive Director.","February 1, 1966: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, employed as Executive Director","August 1, 1970: Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, ACSW, retired as Executive Director; Mr. Joseph Charon employed as Executive Director","March 24, 1971: Name of Home changed to Florence Crittenton Services, Inc.","October 1, 1971: Mr. Joseph Charon resigned, for personal reasons, as Executive Director","October 19, 1971: Mr. Gerald Rosenmeier employed as temporary Executive Director","December 15, 1971: New aspect of program initiated as limited intake of non-pregnant girls begun","March 1, 1972: Mr. Milton Susco employed as Executive Director","July 3, 1973: On the eve of closing, Mr. Milton Susco left as Executive Director","December 31, 1973: Florence Crittenton Services, Inc. ceased operation","January 1, 1974: Property rented to Tidewater Regional Detention Facilities to be used as Group Home for Girls","January 22, 1975: Florence Crittenton Board of Directors placed on inactive status","March 19, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services resigned from FCAA","September 17, 1975: Florence Crittenton Services merged with Tidewater Children's Foundation","November 17, 1976: Florence Crittenton Services rescinded merger with Tidewater Children's Foundation","January 6, 1977: Security of the Norfolk Crittenton Home transferred to ODU Records of the Florence Crittenton Services partially transferred to ODU Archives.","September 2007: Norfolk Crittenton Home which housed the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography-Old Dominion University, was demolished to make way for waterfront homes.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Florence Crittenton Home of Norfolk contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Included in the collection are histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings. Delivery room registers of mother and chld are also included but are restricted to only those described in the records (mother or child). The last name of both mother and child are redacted."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_30dc8dcfbf035ff5e0704fec98a97613\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eEstablished in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Established in 1894 to respond to the needs of unwed mothers and their children. Contains the institutional records of the home during their eighty years service to Norfolk. Includes histories, business and financial records, studies, reports, memorials, testimonials, correspondence, scrapbooks, and newspapers clippings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Florence Crittenton Home (Norfolk, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1229,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_40_c02_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08","vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers","Series I: Correspondence","Sub-Series H: Louise Singleton Thomas Kemp","Box 19"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers","Series I: Correspondence","Sub-Series H: Louise Singleton Thomas Kemp","Box 19"],"text":["James Washington Singleton Papers","Series I: Correspondence","Sub-Series H: Louise Singleton Thomas Kemp","Box 19","Folder 1: Correspondence","box 19","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1890-1896, 1905-1909"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1909"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":270,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 19, Folder 1, Correspondence, 1890-1896, 1905-1909, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 19, Folder 1, Correspondence, 1890-1896, 1905-1909, James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#7/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:47:05.634Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_36.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/36","title_filing_ssi":"Singleton, James Washington","title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1770-1975, undated","1850-1920","Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1770-1975, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"text":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36","James Washington Singleton Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.","James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. ","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creators_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Judith Ball Wysong Cofer","Gift. Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. ","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":764,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:47:05.634Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c01_c08_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series VII: Education","Sub-Series B: University of Virginia","Box 12"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series VII: Education","Sub-Series B: University of Virginia","Box 12"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series VII: Education","Sub-Series B: University of Virginia","Box 12","Folder 1: Correspondence","box 12","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1884-1899"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1899"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":241,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899],"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Correspondence, 1884-1899, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 12, Folder 1, Correspondence, 1884-1899, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#1/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"text":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","Robert Morton Hughes Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hughes Family","Gift. Accession #A76-18"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":639,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c07_c02_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. Burks","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series V: Legal Practices","Box 6"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series V: Legal Practices","Box 6"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series V: Legal Practices","Box 6","Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. Burks","box 6","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. Burks","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. Burks"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. Burks"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1886-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Correspondence with E.C. 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Burks, 1886-1995, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 6, Folder 1, Correspondence with E.C. Burks, 1886-1995, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"text":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","Robert Morton Hughes Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). 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John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":639,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c05_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: General Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series X: Family Papers","Sub-Series C: Eliza Johnston Hughes","Box 16"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series X: Family Papers","Sub-Series C: Eliza Johnston Hughes","Box 16"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series X: Family Papers","Sub-Series C: Eliza Johnston Hughes","Box 16","Folder 1: General Correspondence","box 16","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: General Correspondence","title_ssm":["Folder 1: General Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: General Correspondence"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1846-1901"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1901"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: General Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":338,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901],"containers_ssim":["box 16","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, General Correspondence, 1846-1901, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 16, Folder 1, General Correspondence, 1846-1901, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#2/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"text":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","Robert Morton Hughes Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. 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(Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hughes Family","Gift. Accession #A76-18"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":639,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c10_c03_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Henry Lutz","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_37","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_37","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records","Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk","Sub-Series A: History","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records","Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk","Sub-Series A: History","Box 1"],"text":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records","Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk","Sub-Series A: History","Box 1","Folder 1: Henry Lutz","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Henry Lutz","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Henry Lutz"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Henry Lutz"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1871-1940"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871/1940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Henry Lutz"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Henry Lutz, 1871-1940, Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Henry Lutz, 1871-1940, Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:08.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_37.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/37","title_filing_ssi":"Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk","title_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"title_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2011, undated","1950-1990","Date acquired: 05/20/2008"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2011, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/20/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37"],"text":["MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37","Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records","Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools","Open to researchers without restriction.","An addition to the collection was given in 2011.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly.","Unitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.","Unitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School","In 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.","The Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.","The Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15 th  Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).","Social Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.","The involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.","In the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.","The church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.","The Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future","In 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15 th  Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the  Coastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU) .","List of Pastors","Harry Lutz: 1930-1934","Gerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938","Robert W. Sonen: 1939-1944","William W. Peck: 1944","Frank G. White: 1944-1945","Douglas Angell: 1946-1948","Aubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955","Mary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)","James C. Brewer: 1956-1961","James H. Curtis: 1961-1966","Carl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974","Arthur Graham: 1976-1981","Gary M. Gallum: 1981-1984","Peter Lee Scott: 1984-1987","Douglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988","James Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989","Fern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992","Janet Newman: 1992-1993","Maj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000","Judith Morris: 2000-2001","Danny R. Reed: 2002-2005","Paul Boothby: 2005-2007","Pam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008","Don Beaudreault: 2009","Phyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010","John Manwell: 2010-2011","Cyndi Simpson: 2011-2013","Jennifer Slade: 2013-2014","Charlie Dietrich: 2015-","Note written by Special Collections Staff","Some of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care.","This collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018.","Willard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)","The records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk.","ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 122","/repositories/5/resources/37"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"collection_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_ssim":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Willard C. Frank, Jr.","Gift. Accession #A2008-04"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Unitarian Universalist churches--Virginia--Norfolk","Unitarian Universalists","African American Unitarian Universalists","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38.40 Linear Feet","91 Hollinger document cases; 1 card box; 1 media box; 1 oversized box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["38.40 Linear Feet","91 Hollinger document cases; 1 card box; 1 media box; 1 oversized box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restriction.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restriction."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn addition to the collection was given in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["An addition to the collection was given in 2011."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Norfolk Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk; Series II: Black Universalism in Tidewater; and Series III: Other Unitarian Universalist Churches/General Assembly."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eUnitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe First Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSocial Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the \u003ca href=\"https://c-vuu.org/\"\u003eCoastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eList of Pastors\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarry Lutz: 1930-1934\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert W. Sonen: 1939-1944\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam W. Peck: 1944\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank G. White: 1944-1945\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Angell: 1946-1948\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames C. Brewer: 1956-1961\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames H. Curtis: 1961-1966\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArthur Graham: 1976-1981\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGary M. Gallum: 1981-1984\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePeter Lee Scott: 1984-1987\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanet Newman: 1992-1993\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudith Morris: 2000-2001\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDanny R. Reed: 2002-2005\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaul Boothby: 2005-2007\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDon Beaudreault: 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Manwell: 2010-2011\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCyndi Simpson: 2011-2013\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJennifer Slade: 2013-2014\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharlie Dietrich: 2015-\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Unitarianism originally started in Transylvania during the 1500s and spread to the United States in 1700s. The belief centers around an open-minded philosophy based on values that are similar to Christianity excluding the belief of a trinity sovereign. Unitarians believe in a single, aspect of God focusing on a personal, direct relationship with that deity and exuding examples of rational thinking.  Unitarian believers began to accept elements of transcendentalism and humanist thought throughout the later years of the nineteenth century creating a more flexible faith. Famous Unitarians include Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Dorothea Dix, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.","Unitarianism and Universalism in the Tidewater Area of Virginia; the Jordan School","In 1793, the Reverend Harry Toulmin, the first ordained minister in Norfolk preached briefly in the borough church (Saint Paul's Episcopal Church), before settling in Kentucky. Throughout the early 1800s, intermittent ministerial leadership and not enough congregants, prevented a permanent church from being formed. In 1848, Reverend Hope Bain preached to congregations in Norfolk and Portsmouth, while the Reverends Edwin H. Lake and Alden Bosserman preached to a congregation in the small village of Kempsville.","The Unitarian movement in Virginia stalled during the Civil War (1861-1865), but after the war, the belief of Universalism grew within the free black community, in which it is a religious belief that religion is open to all and that God accepts all types of races of people.  Reverend Joseph Jordan, who was the first black to be ordained as a Universalist minister, established a mission in Huntersville in 1887. In 1894, he built a chapel and school on Princess Anne Avenue (Road) and Wide Street. At the same time, under the Reverend Thomas F. Wise, a chapel and school was started in Suffolk (St. Paul's Universalist Church and Suffolk Normal Training School). Jordan died in 1901, and three years later the chapel and school in Norfolk folded. However, the chapel and school in Suffolk was going strong under the guidance of Joseph Fletcher Jordan (no relation to the previous Jordan).  The school under Jordan, had a student body over 300 students with grades first through eight, with ninth grade being added in after 1913. The church also succeeded under Jordan's career as minister allowing for the publication of \"The Colored Universalist,\" a monthly newspaper tailored for African-American readership. In 1929, Jordan died and his daughter Annie Bissell Jordan Willis became principal of the school which was later renamed the Jordan Neighborhood House (\"Jordan's School\"). In 1930 the St. Paul's Universalist Church folded, and due to the increase in public education for African-American students, the school became more focused on preschool and kindergarten. After the Second World War (1939-1945), the school started to provide services, such as childcare, prenatal care, after school activities for children, and counseling services. The school closed in 1984.","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk","The First Unitarian Church of Norfolk was established in 1912 under the sponsorship of the American Unitarian Association in Boston. The church was led by the pastorates of the Reverends Julian R. Pennington, Frank W. Pratt, and John L. Einstein, and met in various buildings and then the former Disciples of Christ Church at 306 East Freemason Street. Sadly due to internal problems within the congregation and the First World War (1915-1918) caused the church to fold.","The Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In 1930 the Unitarian Church of Norfolk was reestablished with the help of the National Unitarian Laymen's League. The new church acquired the former home of the First Lutheran Church on 15 th  Street and Moran Avenue, across from Maury High School. The Reverend Harry Lutz was the first minister to serve the congregation. However church growth was slow due to the Great Depression and the Second World War. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, there was controversy within the church due to two ministers leaving over the issues of interracial relationships (Frank G. White) and bisexuality (Aubrey C. Todd).","Social Change within the Unitarian Church of Norfolk","In the mid to late 1950s, social change within the country through the Brown vs. Board of Education decision rendering \"separate but equal\" unconstitutional and the growing civil-rights movement had an impact on the church. Under the leadership of Reverend James C. Brewer, the church became vocal for the end of segregation and for the reopening of Norfolk schools in 1959 which were closed under the state mandate of \"Massive Resistance\" the year before. During the 1960s into the 1970s, under the Reverends James H. Curtis and Carl L. Esenwein , the church became more involved in social issues including fair housing, ending poverty, welfare rights, multiethnic textbooks, and the ending of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The church helped found the Norfolk chapter of the VISTA program, which was designed as a domestic peace corps and part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, as well as the chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union.","The involvement in these social issues were influenced by the belief of Universalism, and in 1961, the Unitarian Universalist Association and the American Unitarian Association consolidated to form the Unitarian Universalist Church.","In the 1970s and the 1980s, the church became active in women's and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) rights with chapters of the National Organization for Women and the Unitarian Universalist Gay Caucus were founded there.","The church continues to be very active in social and political issues whether it is local, national, or worldwide.","The Growth of the Unitarian Church of Norfolk and its Future","In 1961 the church congregation outgrew the 15 th  Street and Moran Avenue location and moved to 902 Graydon Avenue (The Unitarian Center) where church social and educational activities were held, but worship services were held in a variety of places including the Little Theatre of Norfolk. This put a huge strain on the congregation and potential church growth. A search for a new church building begun, there was consideration to move to the suburbs, but the church chose to stay in a urban setting where its true \"mission lay in bearing witness in the city.\" Finally in 1972 the congregation found a permanent home in the former Second Presbyterian Church building at Yarmouth Street across from The Hague. Besides being a place of worship, the Yarmouth Street church has held concerts, recitals, educational, and social activities. Despite being a thriving place, the Yarmouth Street church has been prone to severe flooding from The Hague over the years and a new place was sought. A building formerly used by the Sanska Engineering Offices at 809 South Military Highway was purchased in 2017. The building is not affected by storm surge flooding, and will have more space for church activities. In July 2018, the new building opened for services. To conicide with the new location, the Norfolk congregation changed their name to the  Coastal Virginia Unitarian Universalists (CVUU) .","List of Pastors","Harry Lutz: 1930-1934","Gerald R. Fitzpatrick: 1934-1938","Robert W. Sonen: 1939-1944","William W. Peck: 1944","Frank G. White: 1944-1945","Douglas Angell: 1946-1948","Aubrey C. Todd: 1950-1955","Mary C. Lane: 1956 (Not a pastor, but a lay person who helped with services)","James C. Brewer: 1956-1961","James H. Curtis: 1961-1966","Carl L. Esenwein: 1966-1974","Arthur Graham: 1976-1981","Gary M. Gallum: 1981-1984","Peter Lee Scott: 1984-1987","Douglas Morgan Strong: 1987-1988","James Dittmer Roche: 1988-1989","Fern Cowan Stanley: 1990-1992","Janet Newman: 1992-1993","Maj-Britt Johnson: 1993-2000","Judith Morris: 2000-2001","Danny R. Reed: 2002-2005","Paul Boothby: 2005-2007","Pam Allen-Thompson: 2007-2008","Don Beaudreault: 2009","Phyllis Hubbell: 2009-2010","John Manwell: 2010-2011","Cyndi Simpson: 2011-2013","Jennifer Slade: 2013-2014","Charlie Dietrich: 2015-","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Some of the materials are aged and brittle, please handle with care."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was reprocessed by Kathleen Smith, Metadata and Digital Services Specialist, from April 2017 to March 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWillard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Willard C. Frank, Jr. Papers (RG 17-5B4)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk includes administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items regarding the history of the church. While the bulk of the records concern the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk, the collection also contains material related to African American Universalism in the Tidewater region as well as Unitarian Universalist churches from across the United States."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1b0f52c7e47797c7ddd90658c4ed987b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains administrative materials, publications, articles, research materials, photographs, and audio-visual items pertaining to the Unitarian Universalist Church of Norfolk."],"names_coll_ssim":["Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)","Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Unitarian Church of Norfolk (Norfolk, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Frank, Willard C., Jr. (1936-2011)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":788,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:08.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_37_c01_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: L. L. Lewis","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_67","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_67_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series I: Personal Correspondence","Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series I: Personal Correspondence","Box 2"],"text":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers","Series I: Personal Correspondence","Box 2","Folder 1: L. L. Lewis","box 2","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: L. L. Lewis","title_ssm":["Folder 1: L. L. Lewis"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: L. L. Lewis"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1890-1902"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1902"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: L. L. Lewis"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, L. L. Lewis, 1890-1902, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, L. L. Lewis, 1890-1902, Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_67","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_67.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/67","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes, Robert Morton","title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1950, undated","Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1950, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/19/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"text":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67","Robert Morton Hughes Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.","The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.","Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki","Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).","The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.","ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 7","/repositories/5/resources/67"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Morton Hughes Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"creators_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Hughes Family","Gift. Accession #A76-18"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lawyers--Virginia--Norfolk","Confederate States of America. Army"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.40 Linear Feet","29 Hollinger document cases, 4 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions made in 1980 and 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions made in 1980 and 1983."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Hughes collection is divided into 14 series: Series I: Personal Correspondence; Series II: Financial Records; Series III: Speeches; Series IV: Writings; Series V: Legal Practice; Series VI: Politics; Series VII: Education; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Photographs; Series X: Family Papers; Series XI: Historical Studies; Series XII: Index Cards; Series XIII: Miscellaneous; and Series XIV: Oversized Materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Morton Hughes was born on September 10, 1855, in the house of his mother's adoptive parents, Gov. John B. Floyd and Sally Preston Floyd at Abingdon in southwestern Virginia. Through his parents, Robert W. Hughes and Eliza Johnston Hughes, he was related to many of Western Virginia's prominent families, including the Prestons, Johnstons, Mortons, and Floyds. Hughes lived in Washington, D.C. and Richmond while still a child but spent most of his early life in Abingdon. He was educated there, largely by private tutors.\nHughes entered the College of William and Mary in 1870 at the age of 15 and graduated with an A. B. degree in 1873. His association with William and Mary would continue throughout his adult life. Hughes served on the college's Board of Visitors from 1893 to 1918 and was rector from 1905 to 1918. He was also an active fundraiser for the college and was instrumental in the establishment of its Marshall-Wythe School of Government and Citizenship. In 1920 his grateful alma mater awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree while in 1959 the library of the Norfolk branch of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University) was named in his memory.\nHughes also attended the University of Virginia where he studied law and earned a M.A. degree in 1877. After being admitted to the bar this same year, Hughes set up practice in Norfolk, Virginia, where he would continue to work until his retirement in 1920. His specialty was admiralty law. Hughes was elected president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1895 and of the Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association in 1907. In 1926 he was appointed by the Governor to a special commission created to suggest revisions to the Virginia constitution.\nHughes was a lifelong Republican, following the lead of his father who had been one of the first prominent Virginians to turn Republican during the Reconstruction period. This affiliation would not prove very rewarding for him. An unsuccessful Republican candidate for congress in 1902 and 1904, Hughes also failed in several attempts to be appointed to federal judgeships, beginning in 1897 when he sought to succeed his father as a judge in the district court at Norfolk, Hughes was a staunch conservative and the last years of his life found him ardently opposing the New Deal in general and Roosevelt's attacks on the Supreme Court in particular.\nWhile Hughes never held elective office he served his community in many other ways. Besides his long tenure on the Board of Visitors of William and Mary, he sat on the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library from 1912 to 1938--he was president after 1921--and was a member of the State Board of Education from 1930 until 1935 when he resigned because of failing health. Hughes was also an active member of Christ Church (Episcopal) in Norfolk where he served as a vestryman from 1884 to 1928.\nHughes' major avocation, especially in later life, was that of amateur historian. His main interest was Virginia history and, within this field, the roles played by members of his own family. He felt particularly duty bound to defend the reputations of two close relatives: Gov. John B. Floyd (1806-1863), his adoptive maternal grandfather, and Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (1807-1891), U.S.A., C.S.A., his maternal great uncle. Johnston had in fact asked Hughes to write his official biography, a work which was published by Appleton in 1893. As a result of his commitment Hughes expended much time and energy writing articles and letters refuting \"incorrect\" statements by various authors which had directly or indirectly denigrated the careers or questioned the integrity of either man.\nRobert Morton Hughes died on January 15, 1940. He was survived by his wife - Mattie L. Smith Hughes, a son - Robert M. Hughes, Jr., and two grandchildren -Robert M. Hughes III and Carolyn Wright Hughes. A second son, Sydney Smith Hughes, had died in 1923.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Robert Morton Hughes Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026amp; Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other papers related to Robert Morton Hughes can also be found in the Earl Gregg Swem Library at William \u0026 Mary (Mss. 65 H88 and UA 5.013)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Hughes Papers are divided into three major sections. The first section contains Hughes' personal and political correspondence, speeches, literary efforts, small amounts of material related to his legal practice and to his involvement in Virginia political affairs (included is his participation in the Constitutional Commission of 1926-1927), and considerable material about his activities in support of education. Of particular note in this last area are his longtime association with the College of William and Mary (1870-1940) and his service on the State Board of Education (1930-1935).\nThe second section consists of correspondence and other papers originally belonging to certain of Hughes' relatives. Some of the correspondence goes back to the late 18th century. The major figures are Hughes' father Judge R. W. Hughes (d. 1901). his mother Eliza Johnston Hughes (d. 1908), his adoptive maternal grandfather John B. Floyd, (1806-1863) and his maternal great uncle Joseph E. Johnston, (1807-1891). Judge Hughes was one of the first prominent Virginian's to turn Republican in the post-Civil War Period; Floyd was Governor of Virginia (1849-1852), Secretary of War under Buchanan (1857-1860), and a general in the Confederate army (1861-1863); Johnston was a general in both the U.S. and Confederate armies (1860-1865). Among Hughes' papers are a number of incomplete drafts of Johnston's published war memoirs.\nThe third section consists of correspondence and other material related to Hughes' extensive activity as an amateur historian. The central topics are the careers of Gen. Johnston and Governor Floyd and after that Virginia and southern history in general."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9a777b5c2ba309cf2d25740d88fcbe63\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains personal and political correspondence regarding his legal practice, involvement in Virginia politics and his activities in support of education. Had longtime association with the College of William and Mary, served on the State Board of Education and the Board of Directors of the Norfolk Public Library. Significant aspect of this collection is the papers of his family, Governor John B. Floyd, General Joseph E. Johnston, and Judge Robert W. Hughes, important public figures before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education","Hughes family","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. (John Buchanan) (1806-1863)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","College of William and Mary. Norfolk Division","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","Virginia. State Board of Education"],"famname_ssim":["Hughes family"],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton) (1855-1940)","Johnston, Joseph E. (Joseph Eggleston) (1807-1891)","Floyd, John B. 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. 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Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. 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Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.","The dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.","The Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.","The first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia.","ODU Community Collections","Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family","Skewis, Eloise Word","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 30","/repositories/5/resources/256"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creator_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creators_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis","Gift. Accession #78-38"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Families--New England--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--19th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Families--New England--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--19th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.10 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box, 1 poster tube boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.10 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box, 1 poster tube boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions in 1998 and 2000.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions in 1998 and 2000."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.","The Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.","The first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Eloise Word Skewis Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Eloise Word Skewis Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2552fbfd08c890ba27147cf89b73b1d2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia."],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family","Skewis, Eloise Word"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"famname_ssim":["Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"persname_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":39,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:45:31.379Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c01_c01_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_57","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_57","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06","vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection","Series I: Norfolk","Sub-Series F: Photos","Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection","Series I: Norfolk","Sub-Series F: Photos","Box 2"],"text":["Tidewater History Collection","Series I: Norfolk","Sub-Series F: Photos","Box 2","Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker","box 2","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker","title_ssm":["Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker"],"title_tesim":["Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1868-1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1868/1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folder 1: Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker, 1868-1910, Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item and date], Box 2, Folder 1, Photos of Norfolk From the Collection of Carroll Walker, 1868-1910, Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_57","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_57.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/57","title_filing_ssi":"Tidewater History","title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection"],"title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated","1940-2010"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1853-2017, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"text":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57","Tidewater History Collection","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps","Collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.","In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.","Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources","The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.","ODU Community Collections","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 91","/repositories/5/resources/57"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tidewater History Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Tidewater History Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Printed Materials","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Photographs","Hampton Roads (Va.)--Maps"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Various gifts and transfers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.80 Linear Feet","5 Hollinger document cases, 1 half Hollinger case, and 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk; Series II: Greater Tidewater and Virginia; Series III: Hampton Roads Planning Commission; Series IV: Oversize Newspapers; Series V: Oversize Maps; and Series VI: Oversize Photos."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eToday, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCreating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, a small band of Englishmen sailed into the Chesapeake Bay up the James River and settled on a small island named Jamestown. The settlement of Jamestown marked the origin of Colonial America. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Colony of Virginia became the most productive of all the English colonies. In the late eighteenth century, the influence of Virginians helped the American Colonies gain independence from England. In the mid- to late-eighteenth century, Virginia produced more great leaders than any other place in world history.","Today, there are 1.8 million residents in Hampton Roads, making up one-fifth of Virginia's population. The region is rich in culture, thriving communities and maritime and economic development. Hampton Roads is the home of the world's largest naval base, located in Norfolk, and is known for a strong military presence.","The southeastern region of Virginia is referred to as Hampton Roads. This region includes the communities of Chesapeake, Franklin, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Southampton, Surry and York and the following cities and counties of North Carolina – Currituck County, Gates County, Elizabeth City, and Kill Devil Hills (there is no material from the North Carolina cities and counties in the collection).","The meaning behind Hampton Roads is the body of water surrounding this area which incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, and James River with several smaller rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean. Hampton Roads is considered one of the world's largest natural harbors, with 'roads' being a nautical term meaning safe harbor (more accurately a 'roadstead').","Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.","Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2007, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes, fees, and tolls to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought but costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.","Cooperation between the regions is an ongoing challenge. The Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) is one of twenty-one planning district commissions in the commonwealth of Virginia. Their purpose is to encourage local government and state-local cooperation in matters such as commerce, city planning, housing, water resources, and emergency management.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Tidewater History Collection, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was compiled by David Corona in February 2004. Further processing was completed by Kelly C. Barbour in April 2006."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://guides.lib.odu.edu/tidewater\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Old Dominion University Libraries-Library Guides: Tidewater Regional Resources"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection is an artificial collection consisting of newspaper clippings, newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets, among others. The context of the material relates to Hampton Roads facts, history, events, government, culture and the military, with emphasis on the city of Norfolk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84599517ea8653bbb524bd1a74d94658\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Tidewater History Collection contains materials such as, newspaper clippings, whole newspapers, magazines, maps, and pamphlets related to the communities of Hampton Roads, with primary focus on Norfolk."],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":198,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_57_c01_c06_c01_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":262},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers","value":"Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Admiral+John+Randolph+Tucker+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alice Rice Jaffe Papers","value":"Alice Rice Jaffe Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alice+Rice+Jaffe+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Allen-Johnson Family Papers","value":"Allen-Johnson Family Papers","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Allen-Johnson+Family+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1895\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Benjamin A. 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